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Wang Y, Kang X, Kang X, Yang F. S100A6: molecular function and biomarker role. Biomark Res 2023; 11:78. [PMID: 37670392 PMCID: PMC10481514 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
S100A6 (also called calcyclin) is a Ca2+-binding protein that belongs to the S100 protein family. S100A6 has many functions related to the cytoskeleton, cell stress, proliferation, and differentiation. S100A6 also has many interacting proteins that are distributed in the cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membrane, and outside the cell. Almost all these proteins interact with S100A6 in a Ca2+-dependent manner, and some also have specific motifs responsible for binding to S100A6. The expression of S100A6 is regulated by several transcription factors (such as c-Myc, P53, NF-κB, USF, Nrf2, etc.). The expression level depends on the specific cell type and the transcription factors activated in specific physical and chemical environments, and is also related to histone acetylation, DNA methylation, and other epigenetic modifications. The differential expression of S100A6 in various diseases, and at different stages of those diseases, makes it a good biomarker for differential diagnosis and prognosis evaluation, as well as a potential therapeutic target. In this review, we mainly focus on the S100A6 ligand and its transcriptional regulation, molecular function (cytoskeleton, cell stress, cell differentiation), and role as a biomarker in human disease and stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidian Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Kang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China.
| | - Fengguang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
- The Orthopedics Department of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, PR China.
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Yang F, Ma J, Zhu D, Wang Z, Li Y, He X, Zhang G, Kang X. The Role of S100A6 in Human Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1139. [PMID: 37509175 PMCID: PMC10377078 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
S100A6, also known as calcyclin, is a low-molecular-weight Ca2+-binding protein from the S100 family that contains two EF-hands. S100A6 is expressed in a variety of mammalian cells and tissues. It is also expressed in lung, colorectal, pancreatic, and liver cancers, as well as other cancers such as melanoma. S100A6 has many molecular functions related to cell proliferation, the cell cycle, cell differentiation, and the cytoskeleton. It is not only involved in tumor invasion, proliferation, and migration, but also the pathogenesis of other non-neoplastic diseases. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets of S100A6 in tumors, nervous system diseases, leukemia, endometriosis, cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, and other related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengguang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jinglin Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Daxue Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhaoheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yanhu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xuegang He
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
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Wu Y, Zhou Q, Guo F, Chen M, Tao X, Dong D. S100 Proteins in Pancreatic Cancer: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Front Oncol 2021; 11:711180. [PMID: 34527585 PMCID: PMC8435722 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.711180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant tumor occurring in the digestive system. Currently, there is a lack of specific and effective interventions for PC; thus, further exploration regarding the pathogenesis of this malignancy is warranted. The S100 protein family, a collection of calcium-binding proteins expressed only in vertebrates, comprises 25 members with high sequence and structural similarity. Dysregulated expression of S100 proteins is a biomarker of cancer progression and prognosis. Functionally, these proteins are associated with the regulation of multiple cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, growth, differentiation, enzyme activation, migration/invasion, Ca2+ homeostasis, and energy metabolism. This review highlights the significance of the S100 family in the diagnosis and prognosis of PC and its vital functions in tumor cell metastasis, invasion and proliferation. A further understanding of S100 proteins will provide potential therapeutic targets for preventing or treating PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fangyue Guo
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mingming Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xufeng Tao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Deshi Dong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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MCM2 and NUSAP1 Are Potential Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Pancreatic Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8604340. [PMID: 32420375 PMCID: PMC7206867 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8604340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most malignant tumors. Despite considerable progress in the treatment of PC, the prognosis of patients with PC is poor. The aim of this study was to identify potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of PC. First, the original data of three independent mRNA expression datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases and screened for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the R software. Subsequently, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to screen for hub genes. The hub genes were analyzed for genetic variations, as well as for survival, prognostic, and diagnostic value, using the cBioPortal and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) databases and the pROC package. After screening for potential biomarkers, the mRNA and protein levels of the biomarkers were verified at the tissue and cellular levels using the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, GEPIA, and the Human Protein Atlas. As a result, a total of 248 DEGs were identified. The GO terms enriched in DEGs were related to the separation of mitotic sister chromatids and the binding of the spindle to the extracellular matrix. The enriched pathways were associated with focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling. The top 20 genes were selected from the PPI network as hub genes, and based on the analysis of multiple databases, MCM2 and NUSAP1 were identified as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of PC. In conclusion, our results show that MCM2 and NUSAP1 can be used as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of PC. The study also provides new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of PC.
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Moravkova P, Kohoutova D, Vavrova J, Bures J. Serum S100A6, S100A8, S100A9 and S100A11 proteins in colorectal neoplasia: results of a single centre prospective study. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2019; 80:173-178. [PMID: 31856598 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2019.1704050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
S100 proteins are involved in biological events related to colorectal carcinogenesis. Aim of this prospective study was to assess serum concentration of S100A6, A8, A9 and A11 proteins in patients with colorectal neoplasia. Eighty-four subjects were enrolled: 20 controls (average risk population with normal findings on colonoscopy; 7 men, 13 women, age 23-74, mean 55 ± 14), 20 patients with non-advanced colorectal adenoma (non-AA, 10 men, 10 women, age 41-82, mean 62 ± 11), 22 with advanced colorectal adenoma (AA, 15 men, 7 women, age 49-80, mean 64 ± 8) and 22 with colorectal cancer (CRC, 12 men, 10 women, age 49-86, mean 69 ± 10). Peripheral venous blood was obtained. Serum S100 proteins were investigated by enzyme immunoassay technique. Serum S100A6 was significantly lower in CRC (mean 8530 ± 4743 ng/L), p = .035 compared to controls (mean 11308 ± 2968 ng/L). Serum S100A8 was significantly higher in AA (median 11955 ng/L, IQR 2681-34756 ng/L), p = .009 and in CRC (median 27532 ng/L, IQR 6794-35092 ng/L), p < .001 compared to controls (median 2513 ng/L, IQR 2111-4881 ng/L). Serum S100A9 concentrations did not differ between any tested group and controls, p > .05. Serum concentration of S100A11 was significantly lower in non-AA (mean 3.5 ± 2.4 μg/L), p = .004 and in CRC (mean 3.4 ± 2.4 μg/L), p = .002 compared to controls (mean 5.9 ± 2.5 μg/L). Sensitivity and specificity for S100A8 protein in patients with CRC were 94% and 73%; positive predictive value 68% and negative predictive value 95%. Patients with colorectal neoplasia have significantly lower serum S100A6 and S100A11 levels, significantly higher S100A8 and unaltered serum S100A9 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Moravkova
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Darina Kohoutova
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jaroslava Vavrova
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bures
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Archibugi L, Testoni SGG, Redegalli M, Petrone MC, Reni M, Falconi M, Doglioni C, Capurso G, Arcidiacono PG. New era for pancreatic endoscopic ultrasound: From imaging to molecular pathology of pancreatic cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 11:933-945. [PMID: 31798775 PMCID: PMC6883177 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v11.i11.933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With recent advances in molecular pathology and the development of new chemotherapy regimens, the knowledge of the molecular alterations of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is becoming appealing for stratifying patients for prognosis and response to a defined treatment. Archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples are a useful source of genomic deoxyribonucleic acid; nevertheless, most studies employed formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples deriving from surgical specimens, which are therefore representative of <20% of PDAC patients. Indeed, the development of a reliable methodology for endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition, stabilization, and analysis is crucial for the development of molecular markers for clinical use in order to achieve “personalized medicine”. With the development of new needles, this technique is able to retrieve a high quantity and quality of PDAC tissue that can be used not only for diagnosis but also for mutational and transcriptome evaluations and for the development of primary cell or tissue cultures. In the present editorial, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the use of endoscopic ultrasound as a tool to obtain samples for molecular analyses, its possible pitfalls, and its use for the development of disease models such as xenografts or organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Archibugi
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and EUS Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Sabrina Gloria Giulia Testoni
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and EUS Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Miriam Redegalli
- Pathology Department, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Petrone
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and EUS Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Michele Reni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Massimo Falconi
- Pancreatic Surgery Department, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Pathology Department, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Gabriele Capurso
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and EUS Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Paolo Giorgio Arcidiacono
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and EUS Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
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Zhai S, Liu Y, Lu X, Qian H, Tang X, Cheng X, Wang Y, Shi Y, Deng X. INPP4B As A Prognostic And Diagnostic Marker Regulates Cell Growth Of Pancreatic Cancer Via Activating AKT. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:8287-8299. [PMID: 31632078 PMCID: PMC6790406 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s223221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase type II (INPP4B), a member of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, plays a vital role in the initiation and progression of cancers. However, its biological role in pancreatic cancer remains largely undiscovered. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of INPP4B on proliferation in pancreatic cancer and its clinical relevance. Materials and methods INPP4B expression data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Clinicopathological and survival data were retrieved from the TCGA database. CCK8 and colony formation assays were performed to measure the proliferative capacity of pancreatic cancer. Tumor xenograft models were established to measure cancer proliferative abilities in vivo. Results INPP4B was upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissue compared with normal tissue. INPP4B knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo. INPP4B knockdown also reduced AKT phosphorylation. Moreover, INPP4B was associated with poor overall and disease-free survival, with Cox regression analysis showing that INPP4B could serve as an independent prognostic marker. ROC curve analysis showed that INPP4B possessed moderate diagnostic value. Conclusion Collectively, INPP4B is an oncogenic gene in pancreatic cancer and could serve as a potential diagnostic marker and an independent prognostic marker, suggesting that it could be a novel therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanbin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongxiong Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusheng Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaxing Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
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Huo Z, Zhai S, Weng Y, Qian H, Tang X, Shi Y, Deng X, Wang Y, Shen B. PRPF40A as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker is upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines: an integrated bioinformatics data analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:5037-5051. [PMID: 31303762 PMCID: PMC6610298 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s206039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pre-mRNA processing factor 40 homolog A (PRPF40A) is an important protein involved in pre-mRNA splicing and is expressed in a variety of cell types. However, the function of PRPF40A in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. Therefore, our study is to investigate the role of PRPF40A in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. Materials and methods We extracted expression data and clinical information of PRPF40A from different online databases, including the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Oncomine and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Subsequently, samples were collected from patients to validate gene expression using qPCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan-Meier curve were used to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic potential. Colony formation assays and CCK-8 assays were performed to measure the proliferative capacity of pancreatic cancer. Finally, gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses of co-expressed genes of PRPF40A were conducted using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Results We found that PRPF40A was upregulated based on data from both the online databases and our samples. PRPF40A possessed a significant diagnostic value, and its overexpression was associated with poor prognosis. PRPF40A knockdown inhibited cell proliferation in pancreatic cancer. GO and pathway analysis showed that the co-expressed genes were mainly involved in viral processing, mRNA splicing and the AMPK signaling pathway. Conclusion The results suggest that PRPF40A is an oncogene and can serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huo
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyu Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanchi Weng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusheng Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaxing Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiyong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
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Loosen SH, Neumann UP, Trautwein C, Roderburg C, Luedde T. Current and future biomarkers for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317692231. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317692231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sven H Loosen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine (Department of Medicine III), Division of GI Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf P Neumann
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine (Department of Medicine III), Division of GI Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine (Department of Medicine III), Division of GI Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine (Department of Medicine III), Division of GI Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Zhang X, Liu Z, Chen M, Cao Q, Huang D. Effects of S100A6 gene silencing on the biological features of eutopic endometrial stromal cells and β‑catenin expression. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1279-1285. [PMID: 28075439 PMCID: PMC5367373 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein expression levels of S100 calcium binding protein A6 (S100A6) are increased in various malignancies and are associated with tumor behavior; however, the association between S100A6 and endometriosis remains to be elucidated. In order to investigate the influence of S100A6 protein, recombinant lentivirus siS100A6 was used to transfect the eutopic endometrial stromal cells. CCK-8 assay was performed to identify the proliferation ability of cell and the cell migration was detected by Transwell assay. Flow cytometry was performed to detect cell apoptosis, and western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to identify the expression of β-catenin. The present study investigated the role of S100A6 in endometriosis and its interaction with β-catenin by transfecting eutopic endometrial stromal cells with a recombinant lentivirus containing S100A6-specific small interfering RNA. Inhibition of S100A6 expression had a significant antiproliferative effect and reduced the migratory ability of eutopic endometrial stromal cells, and induced their apoptosis. In addition, inhibition of S100A6 expression suppressed β-catenin expression. These results suggested that inhibition of S100A6 may represent a promising novel approach for the targeted therapy of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zequn Liu
- Department of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Meihong Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qing Cao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Donghua Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Leclerc E, Vetter SW. The role of S100 proteins and their receptor RAGE in pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2706-11. [PMID: 26435083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease with low survival rates. Current therapeutic treatments have very poor response rates due to the high inherent chemoresistance of the pancreatic-cancer cells. Recent studies have suggested that the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and its S100 protein ligands play important roles in the progression of PDAC. We will discuss the potential role of S100 proteins and their receptor, RAGE, in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Leclerc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, PO Box 6050, Department 2665, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA.
| | - Stefan W Vetter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, PO Box 6050, Department 2665, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
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Chen X, Liu X, Lang H, Zhang S, Luo Y, Zhang J. S100 calcium-binding protein A6 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition through β-catenin in pancreatic cancer cell line. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121319. [PMID: 25799022 PMCID: PMC4370615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains poorly understood. S100 calcium-binding protein A6 (S100A6) has been associated with PDAC; however, the effect of S100A6 on PDAC migration and invasion has not yet been explored. In this study, Panc-1 cells were transfected with a plasmid to induce overexpression of S100A6, and β-catenin was knocked down using a specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA). The wound-healing and Transwell assays demonstrated that S100A6 promoted PDAC cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, β-catenin shRNA inhibited the migration and invasion of PDAC cells. We confirmed that S100A6 induces PDAC cell migration and invasion via activation of β-catenin in vitro. Assessment of mRNA and protein levels revealed that S100A6 induces increased expression of β-catenin, N-cadherin and vimentin, and decreased expression of E-cadherin in PDAC cells. β-catenin shRNA also altered the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers in PDAC cells. Specifically, expression of E-cadherin was increased, whereas expression of N-cadherin and vimentin was decreased. Finally, we demonstrated that S100A6 alters the expression of EMT-related markers via β-catenin activation. In conclusion, S100A6 induces EMT and promotes cell migration and invasion in a β-catenin-dependent manner. S100A6 may therefore represent a novel potential therapeutic target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjuan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlin Luo
- Department of neurobiology and Beijing institute for brain disorders, School of basic medical science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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13
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Marzioni M, Germani U, Agostinelli L, Bedogni G, Saccomanno S, Marini F, Bellentani S, Barbera C, De Minicis S, Rychlicki C, Santinelli A, Ferretti M, Di Maira PV, Baroni GS, Benedetti A, Caletti G, Lorenzini I, Fusaroli P. PDX-1 mRNA expression in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle cytoaspirate: perspectives in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Dig Liver Dis 2015; 47:138-43. [PMID: 25454709 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration is routinely used in the diagnostic work up of pancreatic cancer but has a low sensitivity. Studies showed that Pancreatic Duodenal Homeobox-1 (PDX-1) is expressed in pancreatic cancer, which is associated with a worse prognosis. We aimed to verify whether the assessment of PDX-1 in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration samples may be helpful for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. METHODS mRNA of 54 pancreatic cancer and 25 cystic lesions was extracted. PDX-1 expression was assessed by Real-Time PCR. RESULTS In all but two patients with pancreatic cancer, PDX-1 was expressed and was found positive in 7 patients with pancreatic cancer in which cytology was negative. The positivity was associated with a probability of 0.98 (95% CI 0.90-1.00) of having cancer and the negativity with one of 0.08 (95% CI 0.01-0.27). The probability of cancer rose to 1.00 (95% CI 0.97-1.00) for patients positive to both PDX-1 and cytology and fell to 0.0 (95% CI 0.00-0.15) in patients negative for both. CONCLUSIONS PDX-1mRNA is detectable in samples of pancreatic cancer. Its quantification may be helpful to improve the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Marzioni
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Ugo Germani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria "Ospedali Riuniti", Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Agostinelli
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Saccomanno
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Marini
- Division of Gastroenterology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria "Ospedali Riuniti", Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefano Bellentani
- Servizio di Gastroenterologia - Ospedale "Ramazzini" Carpi, Modena, Italy
| | - Carmelo Barbera
- Servizio di Gastroenterologia - Ospedale "Ramazzini" Carpi, Modena, Italy
| | - Samuele De Minicis
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Rychlicki
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alfredo Santinelli
- Institute of Pathologic Anatomy, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ferretti
- Division of Cytopathology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria "Ospedali Riuniti", Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Benedetti
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Caletti
- Division of Cytopathology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria "Ospedali Riuniti", Ancona, Italy
| | - Ivano Lorenzini
- Division of Gastroenterology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria "Ospedali Riuniti", Ancona, Italy
| | - Pietro Fusaroli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Castel San Pietro Terme Hospital, Castel San Pietro Terme, Italy
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14
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Tadic M, Stoos-Veic T, Kusec R. Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration and useful ancillary methods. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:14292-14300. [PMID: 25339816 PMCID: PMC4202358 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i39.14292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in evaluating pancreatic pathology has been well documented from the beginning of its clinical use. High spatial resolution and the close proximity to the evaluated organs within the mediastinum and abdominal cavity allow detection of small focal lesions and precise tissue acquisition from suspected lesions within the reach of this method. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is considered of additional value to EUS and is performed to obtain tissue diagnosis. Tissue acquisition from suspected lesions for cytological or histological analysis allows, not only the differentiation between malignant and non-malignant lesions, but, in most cases, also the accurate distinction between the various types of malignant lesions. It is well documented that the best results are achieved only if an adequate sample is obtained for further analysis, if the material is processed in an appropriate way, and if adequate ancillary methods are performed. This is a multi-step process and could be quite a challenge in some cases. In this article, we discuss the technical aspects of tissue acquisition by EUS-guided-FNA (EUS-FNA), as well as the role of an on-site cytopathologist, various means of specimen processing, and the selection of the appropriate ancillary method for providing an accurate tissue diagnosis and maximizing the yield of this method. The main goal of this review is to alert endosonographers, not only to the different possibilities of tissue acquisition, namely EUS-FNA, but also to bring to their attention the importance of proper sample processing in the evaluation of various lesions in the gastrointestinal tract and other accessible organs. All aspects of tissue acquisition (needles, suction, use of stylet, complications, etc.) have been well discussed lately. Adequate tissue samples enable comprehensive diagnoses, which answer the main clinical questions, thus enabling targeted therapy.
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15
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Park JM, Han NY, Han YM, Chung MK, Lee HK, Ko KH, Kim EH, Hahm KB. Predictive proteomic biomarkers for inflammatory bowel disease-associated cancer: Where are we now in the era of the next generation proteomics? World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:13466-13476. [PMID: 25309077 PMCID: PMC4188898 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i37.13466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in genomic medicine have opened up the possibility of tailored medicine that may eventually replace traditional “one-size-fits all” approaches to the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In addition to exploring the interactions between hosts and microbes, referred to as the microbiome, a variety of strategies that can be tailored to an individual in the coming era of personalized medicine in the treatment of IBD are being investigated. These include prompt genomic screening of patients at risk of developing IBD, the utility of molecular discrimination of IBD subtypes among patients diagnosed with IBD, and the discovery of proteome biomarkers to diagnose or predict cancer risks. Host genetic factors influence the etiology of IBD, as do microbial ecosystems in the human bowel, which are not uniform, but instead represent many different microhabitats that can be influenced by diet and might affect processes essential to bowel metabolism. Further advances in basic research regarding intestinal inflammation may reveal new insights into the role of inflammatory mediators, referred to as the inflammasome, and the macromolecular complex of metabolites formed by intestinal bacteria. Collectively, knowledge of the inflammasome and metagenomics will lead to the development of biomarkers for IBD that target specific pathogenic mechanisms involved in the spontaneous progress of IBD. In this review article, our recent results regarding the discovery of potential proteomic biomarkers using a label-free quantification technique are introduced and on-going projects contributing to either the discrimination of IBD subtypes or to the prediction of cancer risks are accompanied by updated information from IBD biomarker research.
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Bournet B, Gayral M, Torrisani J, Selves J, Cordelier P, Buscail L. Role of endoscopic ultrasound in the molecular diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:10758-10768. [PMID: 25152579 PMCID: PMC4138456 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i31.10758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains one of the most deadly types of tumor. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is a safe, cost-effective, and accurate technique for evaluating and staging pancreatic tumors. However, EUS-FNA may be inconclusive or doubtful in up to 20% of cases. This review underlines the clinical interest of the molecular analysis of samples obtained by EUS-FNA in assessing diagnosis or prognosis of pancreatic cancer, especially in locally advanced tumors. On EUS-FNA materials DNA, mRNA and miRNA can be extracted, amplified, quantified and subjected to methylation assay. Kras mutation assay, improves diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. When facing to clinical and radiological presentations of pseudo-tumorous chronic pancreatitis, wild-type Kras is evocative of benignity. Conversely, in front of a pancreatic mass suspected of malignancy, a mutated Kras is highly evocative of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This strategy can reduce false-negative diagnoses, avoids the delay of making decisions and reduces loss of surgical resectability. Similar approaches are conducted using analysis of miRNA expression as well as Mucin or markers of invasion (S100P, S100A6, PLAT or PLAU). Beyond the diagnosis approach, the prediction of response to treatment can be also investigated form biomarkers expression within EUS-FNA materials.
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Xu C, Wallace MB, Yang J, Jiang L, Zhai Q, Zhang Y, Hong C, Chen Y, Frank TS, Stauffer JA, Asbun HJ, Raimondo M, Woodward TA, Li Z, Guha S, Zheng L, Li M. ZIP4 is a novel diagnostic and prognostic marker in human pancreatic cancer: a systemic comparison between EUS-FNA and surgical specimens. Curr Mol Med 2014; 14:309-15. [PMID: 24345208 PMCID: PMC6870177 DOI: 10.2174/1566524013666131217112921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of a zinc transporter ZIP4 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been shown to contribute to tumor progression and is a potential target for individualized therapy. The overall objective of this study was to determine whether ZIP4 could serve as a novel diagnostic and prognostic marker in human PDAC, and if it can be assessed by minimally invasive sampling using endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). Immunohistochemistry was performed to compare ZIP4 expression in the PDAC samples obtained from EUS-FNA and matched surgical tumors (parallel control). Samples were reported by sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values, all with 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 23 cases with both FNA and surgical specimens were evaluated. We found that ZIP4 was significantly overexpressed in tumor cells from both sets of samples. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of ZIP4 for the diagnosis of PDAC were 72.9%, 72.5%, 76.1%, and 69.0% in EUS-FNA samples, and were 97.9%, 65.4%, 83.9%, and 94.4% in surgical specimens, respectively. The association between the positive rate of ZIP4 expression in FNA and surgical samples is statistically significant (P=0.0216). Both the intensity and percentage of ZIP4 positive cells from the surgical samples correlated significantly with tumor stage (P=0.0025 and P=0.0002). ZIP4 intensity level in FNA samples was significantly associated with tumor differentiation and patient survival. These results indicate that EUS-FNA is capable of non-operative detection of ZIP4, thus offering the potential to direct pre-operative detection and targeted therapy of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M Li
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, the University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSE R131, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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