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Erritzøe-Jervild M, Wenstrup J, Hougaard BH, Kruuse C. Diagnosing cancer-associated ischemic stroke: A systematic review of hematological biomarkers. Int J Stroke 2024:17474930241227385. [PMID: 38192106 DOI: 10.1177/17474930241227385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Patients suffering from cancer are reported to have an increased risk of ischemic stroke (IS). We aimed to identify cancer-associated biomarkers found to differentiate between IS associated with cancer from those not associated with cancer. SUMMARY OF REVIEW We performed a systematic search of PubMed and EMBASE databases according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The study is reported in PROSPERO (#CRD42022355129). In total, 5563 papers were screened, of which 49 papers were included. Seven biomarkers were identified which had the potential to differentiate between patients who had cancer or stroke or both conditions. D-dimer was the most frequently monitored biomarker, and high levels were significantly associated with cancer-related strokes in (42/44) studies. Fibrinogen was significantly associated with cancer-related strokes in 11/27 studies. A higher level of C-reactive protein, investigated in 19 studies, was associated with cancer-related strokes, but conclusive multivariate analysis was not performed. Finally, the four cancer-associated antigens CA125, CA153, CA199, and carcinoembryonic antigen were only reported on in three to six studies, respectively. These studies all originated from the Guangxi province in China. CA125 was associated with an increased risk of IS in four of six studies. CONCLUSION Increased D-dimer seems associated with cancer-related IS. CRP may also be a candidate as a cancer-associated stroke biomarker, but this requires further verification. Fibrinogen and the more specific cancer biomarkers have not yet been proven helpful for detecting cancer-related strokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Erritzøe-Jervild
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury, Neuroscience Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Wenstrup
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Emergency Medical Services, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Emergency Medical Services, Region Zealand, Denmark
| | | | - Christina Kruuse
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury, Neuroscience Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Mishra RK, Chavda VK, Moscote-Salazar LR, Atallah O, Das S, Janjua T, Maurya VP, Agrawal A. Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing baseline D-dimer level in stroke patients with or without cancer: Strength of current evidence. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2024; 15:16-28. [PMID: 38476438 PMCID: PMC10927037 DOI: 10.25259/jnrp_379_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives D-dimer levels are increased in stroke and cancer. Cancer patients are at a higher risk of stroke. However, the evidence is unclear if high D-dimer in stroke patients can suggest the diagnosis of concomitant cancer or the development of stroke in a cancer patient. The objective is to assess the evidence available on the baseline D-dimer level in stroke patients with and without cancer. Materials and Methods We conducted the systematic review and meta-analysis using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines. We searched PUBMED, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, and Scopus for potentially eligible articles published till June 2023. All the review steps were iterative and done independently by two reviewers. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale tool was used to assess the quality of included studies for case control and cohort studies and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality tool for cross-sectional studies. The qualitative synthesis is presented narratively, and quantitative synthesis is shown in the forest plot using the random effects model. I2 of more than 60% was considered as high heterogeneity. Results The searches from all the databases yielded 495 articles. After the study selection process, six papers were found eligible for inclusion in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. In the present systematic review, 2651 patients with ischemic infarcts are included of which 404 (13.97%) patients had active cancer while 2247 (86.02%) did not. The studies included were of high quality and low risk of bias. There were significantly higher baseline D-dimer levels in stroke patients with cancer than in non-cancer patients with a mean difference of 4.84 (3.07-6.60) P < 0.00001. Conclusion D-dimer is a simple and relatively non-expensive biomarker that is increased to significant levels in stroke patients, who have cancer and therefore may be a tool to predict through screening for active or occult cancer in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vishal K. Chavda
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, CA-USA
| | | | - Oday Atallah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Saikat Das
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Tariq Janjua
- Department of Neurology, Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States
| | - Ved Prakash Maurya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Ward K, Vail A, Cameron A, Katan M, Lip GYH, Dawson J, Smith CJ, Kishore AK. Molecular biomarkers predicting newly detected atrial fibrillation after ischaemic stroke or TIA: A systematic review. Eur Stroke J 2022; 8:125-131. [PMID: 37021168 PMCID: PMC10069198 DOI: 10.1177/23969873221136927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several molecular biomarkers are available that predict newly detected atrial fibrillation (NDAF). We aimed to identify such biomarkers that predict NDAF after an Ischaemic stroke (IS)/Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA) and evaluate their performance. Methods: A systematic review was undertaken in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Studies of patients with IS, TIA, or both, who underwent ECG monitoring for ⩾24 h, which reported molecular biomarkers and frequency of NDAF after electronic searches of multiple databases were included. Results: Twenty-one studies (76% IS, 24% IS and TIA) involving 4640 patients were included. Twelve biomarkers were identified, with cardiac biomarkers evaluated in the majority (75%) of patients. Performance measures were inconsistently reported. Among cohorts selecting high-risk individuals (12 studies), the most studied biomarkers were N-Terminal-Pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-ProBNP, five studies; C-statistics reported by three studies, 0.69–0.88) and Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP, two studies; C-statistics reported in two studies, 0.68–0.77). Among unselected cohorts (nine studies), the most studied biomarker was BNP (six studies; C-statistics reported in five studies, 0.75–0.88). Only BNP was externally validated (two studies) but using different thresholds to categorise risk of NDAF. Conclusion: Cardiac biomarkers appear to have modest to good discrimination for predicting NDAF, although most analyses were limited by small, heterogeneous study populations. Their clinical utility should be explored further, and this review supports the need to assess the role of molecular biomarkers in large prospective studies with standardised selection criteria, definition of clinically significant NDAF and laboratory assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Ward
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Care organisation, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Andy Vail
- Centre for Biostatistics, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK
| | - Alan Cameron
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mira Katan
- Stroke Center/Dept. Of Neurology University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland
- Stroke Center/Dept. Of Neurology University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregory YH Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jesse Dawson
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Craig J Smith
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Care organisation, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Amit K Kishore
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Care organisation, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Güzel T, Kış M, Şenöz O. The correlation between the left atrial volume index and atrial fibrillation development in heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction and long-term follow-up results. Acta Cardiol 2022; 77:647-654. [PMID: 35466864 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2022.2067674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European Society of Cardiology has recently defined heart failure (HF) patient group with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 41-49% as a different category with the term heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF). In this study, we aimed to conduct a research about the correlation between left atrial volume index (LAVI) and atrial fibrillation in patients HFmrEF. METHODS A total of 282 patients HFmrEF who were admitted to the cardiology department from three different centres were included in the study. The study was planned as multicenter, cross-sectional study. The patients were divided into two groups as sinus rhythm and atrial fibrillation based on their electrocardiographic findings. RESULTS It was found out that Nt-ProBNP, LA area, LAVI, pulmonary artery pressure, and severe mitral regurgitation rates were significantly higher in the AF group (p < 0.001). ROC analysis resulting in LAVI > 30.5 had 64% sensitivity and 66% specificity in the predicting presence of AF (ROC area under the curve: 0.660, 95% CI: 0.587-0.733, p < 0.001). We also observed that the LA area being >16.55 predicting presence of AF with 60% sensitivity and 58% specificity (ROC area under the curve: 0.624, 95% CI: 0.549-0.699, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION In the study conducted, we found a correlation between AF and LAVI values in patients in the HFmrEF group. If the LAVI value increases in the follow-up of this group of patients with echocardiography, close follow-up in terms of AF may allow the early control and treatment of AF-related incidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuncay Güzel
- Department of Cardiology, Health Science University, Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kış
- Department of Cardiology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Oktay Şenöz
- Department of Cardiology, Bakırçay University Çiğli Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
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5
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Patel K, Mikhael E, Liu M, Rangaraju S, Ellis D, Duncan A, Belagaje S, Belair T, Henriquez L, Nahab F. Anticoagulation Therapy Reduces Recurrent Stroke in Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source Patients With Elevated Coagulation Markers or Severe Left Atrial Enlargement. Front Neurol 2021; 12:695378. [PMID: 34163432 PMCID: PMC8215436 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.695378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate if anticoagulation therapy reduces recurrent stroke in embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) patients with left atrial enlargement (LAE) or abnormal markers of coagulation and hemostatic activity (MOCHA) compared to antiplatelet therapy. Methods: ESUS patients from January 1, 2017, to June 30, 2019, underwent outpatient cardiac monitoring and the MOCHA profile (serum d-dimer, prothrombin fragment 1.2, thrombin–antithrombin complex, and fibrin monomer). Anticoagulation was offered to patients with abnormal MOCHA (≥2 elevated markers) or left atrial volume index 40 mL/m2. Patients were evaluated for recurrent stroke or major hemorrhage at routine clinical follow-up. We compared this patient cohort (cohort 2) to a historical cohort (cohort 1) who underwent the same protocol but remained on antiplatelet therapy. Results: Baseline characteristics in cohort 2 (n = 196; mean age = 63 ± 16 years, 59% female, 49% non-White) were similar to cohort 1 (n = 42) except that cohort 2 had less diabetes (43 vs. 24%, p = 0.01) and more tobacco use (26 vs. 43%, p = 0.04). Overall, 45 patients (23%) in cohort 2 initiated anticoagulation based on abnormal MOCHA or LAE. During mean follow-up of 13 ± 10 months, cohort 2 had significantly lower recurrent stroke rates than cohort 1 (14 vs. 3%, p = 0.009) with no major hemorrhages. Conclusions: Anticoagulation therapy in a subgroup of ESUS patients with abnormal MOCHA or severe LAE may be associated with a reduced rate of recurrent stroke compared to antiplatelet therapy. A prospective, randomized study is warranted to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishan Patel
- Department of Neurology, Providence St. Joseph Health, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Elio Mikhael
- Department of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Michael Liu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Srikant Rangaraju
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Deandra Ellis
- Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Alexander Duncan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Samir Belagaje
- Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Trina Belair
- Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Laura Henriquez
- Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Fadi Nahab
- Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Choi KH, Kim JH, Kim JM, Kang KW, Lee C, Kim JT, Choi SM, Park MS, Cho KH. d-dimer Level as a Predictor of Recurrent Stroke in Patients With Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source. Stroke 2021; 52:2292-2301. [PMID: 33971744 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.033217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (K.-H.C., J.-M.K., K.-W.K., J.-T.K., S.-M.C., M.-S.P., K.-H.C.).,Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Republic of Korea (K.-H.C., J.-M.K., K.-W.K.)
| | - Ja-Hae Kim
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-H.K.)
| | - Jae-Myung Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (K.-H.C., J.-M.K., K.-W.K., J.-T.K., S.-M.C., M.-S.P., K.-H.C.).,Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Republic of Korea (K.-H.C., J.-M.K., K.-W.K.)
| | - Kyung-Wook Kang
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (K.-H.C., J.-M.K., K.-W.K., J.-T.K., S.-M.C., M.-S.P., K.-H.C.).,Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Republic of Korea (K.-H.C., J.-M.K., K.-W.K.)
| | - Changho Lee
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea (C.L.)
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (K.-H.C., J.-M.K., K.-W.K., J.-T.K., S.-M.C., M.-S.P., K.-H.C.)
| | - Seong-Min Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (K.-H.C., J.-M.K., K.-W.K., J.-T.K., S.-M.C., M.-S.P., K.-H.C.)
| | - Man-Seok Park
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (K.-H.C., J.-M.K., K.-W.K., J.-T.K., S.-M.C., M.-S.P., K.-H.C.)
| | - Ki-Hyun Cho
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (K.-H.C., J.-M.K., K.-W.K., J.-T.K., S.-M.C., M.-S.P., K.-H.C.)
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Mourikis P, Dannenberg L, Zako S, Helten C, M'Pembele R, Richter H, Hohlfeld T, Jung C, Zeus T, Kelm M, Veulemans V, Polzin A. Impact of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation on Thrombin Generation and Platelet Function. Thromb Haemost 2021; 121:1310-1316. [PMID: 33759144 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1725190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an evolving treatment of severe aortic valve stenosis. However, thromboembolic events such as stroke are common, predominantly early after TAVI. Optimal periprocedural antithrombotic regime is unknown. Especially, as antithrombotic medication enhances bleeding risk, thrombin generation and platelet function are crucial in the pathogenesis of ischemic events. However, the impact of the TAVI procedure on thrombin formation and platelet reactivity is not known by now. METHODS We evaluated thrombin levels using thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complexes and prothrombin fragments (PTFs) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, platelet reactivity was measured via light transmission aggregometry before and 2 hours after TAVI in 198 patients. RESULTS TAT complexes and PTF F1 + 2 substantially increased during TAVI. Postprocedurally, TAT complexes and PTF were significantly higher after TAVI compared with percutaneous coronary intervention due to acute myocardial infarction, while preprocedural TAT complexes and PTF F1 + 2 did not differ. In contrast, platelet reactivity was not altered early after TAVI. Only adenosine diphosphate-induced aggregation was reduced, reflecting preprocedural loading with clopidogrel. CONCLUSION In this pilot study, we were able to demonstrate that thrombin generation is significantly increased early after TAVI, while platelet function is not affected. Increased thrombin concentrations may contribute to the high risk of postprocedural thromboembolic events. This leads to the hypothesis that extended peri-interventional anticoagulation early after TAVI may be an approach to reduce thromboembolic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Mourikis
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Dannenberg
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Saif Zako
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Carolin Helten
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - René M'Pembele
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Hannah Richter
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Hohlfeld
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Zeus
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Verena Veulemans
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Amin Polzin
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
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Alabyad D, Rangaraju S, Liu M, Imran R, Kempton CL, Sharifpour M, Auld SC, Gaddh M, Sniecinski R, Maier CL, Guarner J, Duncan A, Nahab F. Validation of an admission coagulation panel for risk stratification of COVID-19 patients. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248230. [PMID: 33740793 PMCID: PMC7979266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited data on the markers of coagulation and hemostatic activation (MOCHA) profile in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its ability to identify COVID-19 patients at risk for thrombotic events and other complications. METHODS Hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-COV-2 from four Atlanta hospitals were included in this observational cohort study and underwent admission testing of MOCHA parameters (plasma d-dimer, prothrombin fragment 1.2, thrombin-antithrombin complex, fibrin monomer). Clinical outcomes included deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, access line thrombosis, ICU admission, intubation and mortality. MAIN RESULTS Of 276 patients (mean age 59 ± 6.4 years, 47% female, 62% African American), 45 (16%) had a thrombotic endpoint. Each MOCHA parameter was independently associated with a thrombotic event (p<0.05) and ≥ 2 abnormalities was associated with thrombotic endpoints (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.2-8.8) as were admission D-dimer ≥ 2000 ng/mL (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.5-6.6) and ≥ 3000 ng/mL (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.6-7.9). However, only ≥ 2 MOCHA abnormalities were associated with ICU admission (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.7-5.2) and intubation (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.6-6.4). MOCHA and D-dimer cutoffs were not associated with mortality. MOCHA with <2 abnormalities (26% of the cohort) had 89% sensitivity and 93% negative predictive value for a thrombotic endpoint. CONCLUSIONS An admission MOCHA profile is useful to risk-stratify COVID-19 patients for thrombotic complications and more effective than isolated d-dimer for predicting risk of ICU admission and intubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwish Alabyad
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Srikant Rangaraju
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Michael Liu
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Rajeel Imran
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Christine L. Kempton
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Milad Sharifpour
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sara C. Auld
- Emory Critical Care Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Manila Gaddh
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Roman Sniecinski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cheryl L. Maier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jeannette Guarner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Alexander Duncan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Fadi Nahab
- Department of Neurology & Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Moosavi M, Wooten M, Goodman A, Nahab FB, Duncan A, Maier C, Guarner J. Retrospective Analyses Associate Hemostasis Activation Biomarkers With Poor Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19. Am J Clin Pathol 2021; 155:498-505. [PMID: 33300981 PMCID: PMC7799272 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have thromboembolic complications. Assessment of coagulation and other markers could be useful to understand their coagulopathy. METHODS We performed a retrospective study of inflammatory and coagulation parameters, including prothrombin fragment 1.2 (PF1.2), thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TATs), fibrin monomers, and D-dimer, in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We compared the markers in patients with thrombosis, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), and poor outcome. RESULTS Of the 81 patients, 9 (11%) experienced an acute thrombotic event (4 with pulmonary embolism, 3 with venous thrombosis, and 2 with stroke). PF1.2 was elevated in 32 (39%) patients, TATs in 54 (67%), fibrin monomers in 49 (60%), and D-dimer in 76 (94%). Statistically significant elevation in PF1.2 and TATs was seen in patients admitted to the ICU, while D-dimer and fibrin monomers were significantly elevated in patients with poor outcomes. The presence of multiple abnormal coagulation parameters was associated with ICU admission. Other parameters with statistically significant results included abnormal WBC counts and elevated C-reactive protein, which were associated with ICU admission and poor outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that abnormalities of biomarkers of hemostasis activation and inflammatory markers are associated with poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Moosavi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Melanie Wooten
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Abigail Goodman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Fadi B Nahab
- Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Alexander Duncan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Cheryl Maier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jeannette Guarner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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Liu M, Ellis D, Duncan A, Belagaje S, Belair T, Henriquez L, Rangaraju S, Nahab F. The Utility of the Markers of Coagulation and Hemostatic Activation Profile in the Management of Embolic Strokes of Undetermined Source. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:105592. [PMID: 33454647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potential causes of embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) include occult malignancy, venous thrombosis (VTE) with paradoxical embolism, and hypercoagulable disorders. Given the association of markers of coagulation and hemostatic activation (MOCHA) with these causes, the objective of this study was to validate the utility of the MOCHA profile in identifying the underlying cause of stroke. METHODS We prospectively identified ESUS patients from January 1, 2017 to December 1, 2019 who underwent MOCHA profile (plasma d-dimer, prothrombin fragment 1.2, thrombin-antithrombin complex, fibrin monomer) testing. Abnormal MOCHA profile was defined as ≥ 2 abnormal markers. New diagnoses of malignancy, VTE, hypercoagulable disorders and recurrent stroke were identified during routine clinical follow-up. RESULTS Of 236 ESUS patients, 104 (44%) patients had an abnormal MOCHA profile. In multivariable analyses the number of MOCHA abnormalities was significantly associated with malignancy, VTE, and hypercoagulable disorders (OR 2.59, CI 95% 1.78-3.76, p<0.001). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of an abnormal MOCHA profile for the combined outcome of malignancy, VTE, and hypercoagulability was 96%, 62%, 23%, and 99% respectively. DISCUSSION The MOCHA profile was able to identify ESUS patients more likely to have malignancy, VTE, and hypercoagulable disorders during follow-up. Our results show that a normal MOCHA profile in ESUS patients can effectively rule out these potential causes of ESUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Liu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, United States
| | | | - Alexander Duncan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, United States
| | - Samir Belagaje
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Road Northeast, Bldg B, Suite 2200, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Trina Belair
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Road Northeast, Bldg B, Suite 2200, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Laura Henriquez
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Road Northeast, Bldg B, Suite 2200, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Srikant Rangaraju
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Road Northeast, Bldg B, Suite 2200, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
| | - Fadi Nahab
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Road Northeast, Bldg B, Suite 2200, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
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11
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Henze L, Walter U, Murua Escobar H, Junghanss C, Jaster R, Köhling R, Lange F, Salehzadeh-Yazdi A, Wolkenhauer O, Hamed M, Barrantes I, Palmer D, Möller S, Kowald A, Heussen N, Fuellen G. Towards biomarkers for outcomes after pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and ischaemic stroke, with focus on (co)-morbidity and ageing/cellular senescence (SASKit): protocol for a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e039560. [PMID: 33334830 PMCID: PMC7747584 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ageing-related processes such as cellular senescence are believed to underlie the accumulation of diseases in time, causing (co)morbidity, including cancer, thromboembolism and stroke. Interfering with these processes may delay, stop or reverse morbidity. The aim of this study is to investigate the link between (co)morbidity and ageing by exploring biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of disease-triggered deterioration in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and (thromboembolic) ischaemic stroke (IS). METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will recruit 50 patients with PDAC, 50 patients with (thromboembolic) IS and 50 controls at Rostock University Medical Center, Germany. We will gather routine blood data, clinical performance measurements and patient-reported outcomes at up to seven points in time, alongside in-depth transcriptomics and proteomics at two of the early time points. Aiming for clinically relevant biomarkers, the primary outcome is a composite of probable sarcopenia, clinical performance (described by ECOG Performance Status for patients with PDAC and the Modified Rankin Scale for patients with stroke) and quality of life. Further outcomes cover other aspects of morbidity such as cognitive decline and of comorbidity such as vascular or cancerous events. The data analysis is comprehensive in that it includes biostatistics and machine learning, both following standard role models and additional explorative approaches. Prognostic and predictive biomarkers for interventions addressing senescence may become available if the biomarkers that we find are specifically related to ageing/cellular senescence. Similarly, diagnostic biomarkers will be explored. Our findings will require validation in independent studies, and our dataset shall be useful to validate the findings of other studies. In some of the explorative analyses, we shall include insights from systems biology modelling as well as insights from preclinical animal models. We anticipate that our detailed study protocol and data analysis plan may also guide other biomarker exploration trials. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by the local ethics committee (Ethikkommission an der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Rostock, A2019-0174), registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00021184), and results will be published following standard guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Henze
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center and Research Focus Oncology, Rostock, Germany
| | - Uwe Walter
- Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center and Centre for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center and Research Focus Oncology, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Junghanss
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center and Research Focus Oncology, Rostock, Germany
| | - Robert Jaster
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rostock University Medical Center and Research Focus Oncology, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center and Centre for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock and Ageing of Individuals and Society, Interdisciplinary Faculty, Rostock University, Rostock, Germany
| | - Falko Lange
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ali Salehzadeh-Yazdi
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Olaf Wolkenhauer
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock and Centre for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mohamed Hamed
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center and Research Focus Oncology, Rostock, Germany
| | - Israel Barrantes
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center and Research Focus Oncology, Rostock, Germany
| | - Daniel Palmer
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Steffen Möller
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Axel Kowald
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nicole Heussen
- Department of Medical Statistics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center and Centre for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock and Research Focus Oncology, Rostock and Ageing of Individuals and Society, Interdisciplinary Faculty, Rostock University, Rostock, Germany
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12
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Rioux B, Touma L, Nehme A, Gore G, Keezer MR, Gioia LC. Frequency and predictors of occult cancer in ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Stroke 2020; 16:12-19. [PMID: 33197367 DOI: 10.1177/1747493020971104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal approach for cancer screening after an ischemic stroke remains unclear. AIMS We sought to summarize the existing evidence regarding the frequency and predictors of cancer after an ischemic stroke. SUMMARY OF REVIEW We searched seven databases from January 1980 to September 2019 for articles reporting malignant tumors and myeloproliferative neoplasms diagnosed after an ischemic stroke (PROSPERO protocol: CRD42019132455). We screened 15,400 records and included 51 articles. The pooled cumulative incidence of cancer within one year after an ischemic stroke was 13.6 per thousand (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.6-24.8), higher in studies focusing on cryptogenic stroke (62.0 per thousand; 95% CI, 13.6-139.3 vs 9.6 per thousand; 95% CI, 4.0-17.3; p = 0.02) and those reporting cancer screening (39.2 per thousand; 95% CI, 16.4-70.6 vs 7.2 per thousand; 95% CI, 2.5-14.1; p = 0.003). Incidence of cancer after stroke was generally higher compared to people without stroke. Most cases were diagnosed within the first few months after stroke. Several predictors of cancer were identified, namely older age, smoking, and involvement of multiple vascular territories as well as elevated C-reactive protein and d-dimers. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of incident cancer after an ischemic stroke is low, but higher in cryptogenic stroke and after cancer screening. Several predictors may increase the yield of cancer screening after an ischemic stroke. The pooled incidence of post-stroke cancer is likely underestimated, and larger studies with systematic assessment of cancer after stroke are needed to produce more precise and valid estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Rioux
- Department of Neurosciences, 5622University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.,Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lahoud Touma
- Department of Neurosciences, 5622University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.,Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ahmad Nehme
- Department of Neurosciences, 5622University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.,Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Genevieve Gore
- Schulich Library of Physical Sciences, Life Sciences, and Engineering, 5620McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mark R Keezer
- Department of Neurosciences, 5622University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.,Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, 5622University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Laura C Gioia
- Department of Neurosciences, 5622University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.,Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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13
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Eun MY, Sung JH, Lee SH, Jung I, Park MH, Kim YH, Jung JM. Predictive value of free fatty acid levels in embolic stroke of undetermined source: A retrospective observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22465. [PMID: 33019438 PMCID: PMC7535631 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the predictive value of free fatty acid (FFA) in embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) according to the presence of potential embolic sources (PES) after extensive etiologic evaluation.This was a retrospective observational study based on a single-center registry from January 2011 to July 2017. Stroke subtypes were determined through laboratory findings, brain, and angiographic imaging, carotid ultrasonography, transthoracic echocardiography, and 24-hour Holter monitoring. If ESUS was suspected, transesophageal echocardiography was additionally performed. Patients were classified into ESUS with PES and ESUS without PES. PES included mitral annular calcification, mitral valve prolapse, patent foramen ovale, atrial septal aneurysm, spontaneous echo contrast, ventricular aneurysm, and high-risk plaques of aortic arch, or carotid bulb. We compared clinical and laboratory findings between the two groups.Of a total of 110 ESUS patients, 61 patients (55.5%) had no PES. Patients with ESUS without PES had higher levels of serum FFA, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and left atrial (LA) enlargement compared with those of ESUS with PES. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that the FFA level, DBP, and LA volume index were associated with ESUS without PES [odds ratio (OR) 1.038, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.019-1.058 for FFA/10 μEq/L, OR 1.414, 95% CI 1.037-1.928 for DBP/10 mm Hg, and OR 1.073, 95% CI 1.009-1.141 for LA volume index].Higher levels of FFA, DBP, and LA volume index are associated with ESUS without PES, highlighting the need to identify the role of these markers in ESUS through further large-scale, multi-center and prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Yeon Eun
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu
| | - Joo Hye Sung
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Sang-Hun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine
| | - Ileok Jung
- Department of Neurology, Ho-one Geriatric Hospital
| | - Moon-Ho Park
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Yong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine
| | - Jin-Man Jung
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine
- Korea University Zebrafish Translational Medical Research Center, Ansan, Republic of Korea
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14
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Tan BYQ, Ho JSY, Sia CH, Boi Y, Foo ASM, Dalakoti M, Chan MY, Ho AFW, Leow AS, Chan BPL, Teoh HL, Seow SC, Kojodjojo P, Seet RCS, Sharma VK, Yeo LLL. Left Atrial Volume Index Predicts New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Recurrence in Patients with Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source. Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 49:285-291. [PMID: 32554958 DOI: 10.1159/000508211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is unclear which surrogate of atrial cardiopathy best predicts the risk of developing a recurrent ischemic stroke in embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). Left atrial diameter (LAD) and LAD index (LADi) are often used as markers of left atrial enlargement in current ESUS research, but left atrial volume index (LAVi) has been found to be a better predictor of cardiovascular outcomes in other patient populations. OBJECTIVE We aim to compare the performance of LAVi, LAD, and LADi in predicting the development of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke recurrence in ESUS. METHODS Between October 2014 and October 2017, consecutive patients diagnosed with ESUS were followed for new-onset AF, ischemic stroke recurrence, and a composite outcome of occult AF and stroke recurrence. LAVi and LADi were measured by transthoracic echocardiogram; "high" LAVi was defined as ≥35 mL/m2 in accordance with American Society of Echocardiography guidelines. RESULTS 185 ischemic stroke patients with ESUS were recruited and followed for a median duration of 2.1 years. Increased LAVi was associated with new-onset AF detection (aOR 1.08; 95% CI 1.03-1.14; p = 0.003) and stroke recurrence (aOR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01-1.10; p = 0.026). Patients with "high" LAVi had a higher likelihood of developing a composite of AF detection and stroke recurrence (HR 3.45; 95% CI 1.55-7.67; p = 0.002). No significant association was observed between LADi and either occult AF or stroke recurrence. CONCLUSIONS LAVi is associated with new-onset AF and stroke recurrence in ESUS patients and may be a better surrogate of atrial cardiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Y Q Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jamie Sin Ying Ho
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ching-Hui Sia
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, .,Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore,
| | - Yushan Boi
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthia S M Foo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mayank Dalakoti
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Y Chan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew F W Ho
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aloysius S Leow
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernard P L Chan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hock Luen Teoh
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Swee Chong Seow
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pipin Kojodjojo
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond C S Seet
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vijay K Sharma
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leonard Leong L Yeo
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Nahab F, Sharashidze V, Liu M, Rathakrishnan P, El Jamal S, Duncan A, Hoskins M, Marmarchi F, Belagaje S, Bianchi N, Belair T, Henriquez L, Monah K, Rangaraju S. Markers of coagulation and hemostatic activation aid in identifying causes of cryptogenic stroke. Neurology 2020; 94:e1892-e1899. [PMID: 32291293 PMCID: PMC7274921 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that markers of coagulation and hemostatic activation (MOCHA) help identify causes of cryptogenic stroke, we obtained serum measurements on 132 patients and followed them up to identify causes of stroke. METHODS Consecutive patients with cryptogenic stroke who met embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) criteria from January 1, 2017, to October 31, 2018, underwent outpatient cardiac monitoring and the MOCHA profile (serum D-dimer, prothrombin fragment 1.2, thrombin-antithrombin complex, and fibrin monomer) obtained ≥2 weeks after the index stroke; abnormal MOCHA profile was defined as ≥2 elevated markers. Prespecified endpoints monitored during routine clinical visits included new atrial fibrillation (AF), malignancy, venous thromboembolism (VTE), or other defined hypercoagulable states (HS). RESULTS Overall, 132 patients with ESUS (mean age 64 ± 15 years, 61% female, 51% nonwhite) met study criteria. During a median follow-up of 10 (interquartile range 7-14) months, AF, malignancy, VTE, or HS was identified in 31 (23%) patients; the 53 (40%) patients with ESUS with abnormal MOCHA were significantly more likely than patients with normal levels to have subsequent new diagnoses of malignancy (21% vs 0%, p < 0.001), VTE (9% vs 0%, p = 0.009), or HS (11% vs 0%, p = 0.004) but not AF (8% vs 9%, p = 0.79). The combination of 4 normal MOCHA and normal left atrial size (n = 30) had 100% sensitivity for ruling out the prespecified endpoints. CONCLUSION The MOCHA profile identified patients with cryptogenic stroke more likely to have new malignancy, VTE, or HS during short-term follow-up and may be useful in direct evaluation for underlying causes of cryptogenic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Nahab
- From the Departments of Neurology (F.N., V.S., M.L., P.R., S.E.J., F.M., S.B., N.B., T.B., L.H., K.M., S.R.), Pediatrics (F.N.), Pathology (A.D.), and Cardiology (M.H.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Vera Sharashidze
- From the Departments of Neurology (F.N., V.S., M.L., P.R., S.E.J., F.M., S.B., N.B., T.B., L.H., K.M., S.R.), Pediatrics (F.N.), Pathology (A.D.), and Cardiology (M.H.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Michael Liu
- From the Departments of Neurology (F.N., V.S., M.L., P.R., S.E.J., F.M., S.B., N.B., T.B., L.H., K.M., S.R.), Pediatrics (F.N.), Pathology (A.D.), and Cardiology (M.H.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Priyadharshi Rathakrishnan
- From the Departments of Neurology (F.N., V.S., M.L., P.R., S.E.J., F.M., S.B., N.B., T.B., L.H., K.M., S.R.), Pediatrics (F.N.), Pathology (A.D.), and Cardiology (M.H.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sleiman El Jamal
- From the Departments of Neurology (F.N., V.S., M.L., P.R., S.E.J., F.M., S.B., N.B., T.B., L.H., K.M., S.R.), Pediatrics (F.N.), Pathology (A.D.), and Cardiology (M.H.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Alexander Duncan
- From the Departments of Neurology (F.N., V.S., M.L., P.R., S.E.J., F.M., S.B., N.B., T.B., L.H., K.M., S.R.), Pediatrics (F.N.), Pathology (A.D.), and Cardiology (M.H.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Michael Hoskins
- From the Departments of Neurology (F.N., V.S., M.L., P.R., S.E.J., F.M., S.B., N.B., T.B., L.H., K.M., S.R.), Pediatrics (F.N.), Pathology (A.D.), and Cardiology (M.H.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Fahad Marmarchi
- From the Departments of Neurology (F.N., V.S., M.L., P.R., S.E.J., F.M., S.B., N.B., T.B., L.H., K.M., S.R.), Pediatrics (F.N.), Pathology (A.D.), and Cardiology (M.H.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Samir Belagaje
- From the Departments of Neurology (F.N., V.S., M.L., P.R., S.E.J., F.M., S.B., N.B., T.B., L.H., K.M., S.R.), Pediatrics (F.N.), Pathology (A.D.), and Cardiology (M.H.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Nicolas Bianchi
- From the Departments of Neurology (F.N., V.S., M.L., P.R., S.E.J., F.M., S.B., N.B., T.B., L.H., K.M., S.R.), Pediatrics (F.N.), Pathology (A.D.), and Cardiology (M.H.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Trina Belair
- From the Departments of Neurology (F.N., V.S., M.L., P.R., S.E.J., F.M., S.B., N.B., T.B., L.H., K.M., S.R.), Pediatrics (F.N.), Pathology (A.D.), and Cardiology (M.H.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Laura Henriquez
- From the Departments of Neurology (F.N., V.S., M.L., P.R., S.E.J., F.M., S.B., N.B., T.B., L.H., K.M., S.R.), Pediatrics (F.N.), Pathology (A.D.), and Cardiology (M.H.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kaslyn Monah
- From the Departments of Neurology (F.N., V.S., M.L., P.R., S.E.J., F.M., S.B., N.B., T.B., L.H., K.M., S.R.), Pediatrics (F.N.), Pathology (A.D.), and Cardiology (M.H.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Srikant Rangaraju
- From the Departments of Neurology (F.N., V.S., M.L., P.R., S.E.J., F.M., S.B., N.B., T.B., L.H., K.M., S.R.), Pediatrics (F.N.), Pathology (A.D.), and Cardiology (M.H.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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16
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Gumprecht J, Szulik M, Domek M, Mazurek M, Shantsila A, Oxborough D, Lip GYH. Novel Echocardiographic Biomarkers in the Management of Atrial Fibrillation. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-019-9520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in adults. The number of patients with AF is anticipated to increase annually, mainly due to the aging population alongside improved arrhythmia detection. AF is associated with a significantly elevated risk of hospitalization, stroke, thromboembolism, heart failure, and all-cause mortality. Echocardiography is one of the key components of routine assessment and management of AF. Therefore, the aim of this review is to briefly summarize current knowledge on “novel” echocardiographic parameters that may be of value in the management of AF patients.
Recent Findings
Novel echocardiographic biomarkers and their clinical application related to the management of AF have been taken into consideration. Both standard parameters such as atrial size and volume but also novels like atrial strain and tissue Doppler techniques have been analyzed.
Summary
A number of novel echocardiographic parameters have been proven to enable early detection of left atrial dysfunction along with increased diagnosis accuracy. This concerns particularly experienced echocardiographers. Hence, these techniques might improve the prediction of stroke and thromboembolic events among AF patients and need to be further developed and disseminated. Nonetheless, even the standard imaging parameters could be of significant value and should not be discontinued in everyday clinical practice.
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17
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Ohara T, Farhoudi M, Bang OY, Koga M, Demchuk AM. The emerging value of serum D-dimer measurement in the work-up and management of ischemic stroke. Int J Stroke 2019; 15:122-131. [DOI: 10.1177/1747493019876538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Elevated D-dimer levels are a marker of both thrombin formation and fibrinolysis. Currently D-dimer measurement is routinely used for ruling out venous thromboembolism and diagnosis/monitoring of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Recent emerging data suggest that D-dimer may become an important biomarker in ischemic stroke as well as in cardiovascular diseases. Aims To outline the clinical utility of D-dimer in work-up and management of ischemic stroke. Summary D-dimer measurement is most useful in stroke with active cancer as it can confirm etiologic diagnosis, predict recurrent stroke risk, and aid treatment decision in cancer-associated stroke. In cryptogenic stroke, high D-dimer levels can also provide clues for the cause of stroke as occult cancer and undetected cardiac embolic source as occult atrial fibrillation and may be helpful in treatment decision making of secondary stroke prevention. Serial D-dimer measurements should be further studied to monitor antithrombotic therapy effectiveness in both cardiogenic and cryptogenic etiologies. Conclusion Accumulating data suggests the utility of D-dimer test in the management of ischemic stroke, although the evidence is still limited. Future studies would clarify the role of D-dimer measurement in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Ohara
- Calgary Stroke Program, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mehdi Farhoudi
- Calgary Stroke Program, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Neurosciences Research Center, Neurology Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Oh Young Bang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Masatoshi Koga
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Andrew M Demchuk
- Calgary Stroke Program, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Coagulation markers and echocardiography predict atrial fibrillation, malignancy or recurrent stroke after cryptogenic stroke: Erratum. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14433. [PMID: 30702635 PMCID: PMC6380755 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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