1
|
Erritzøe-Jervild M, Wenstrup J, Hougaard BH, Kruuse C. Diagnosing cancer-associated ischemic stroke: A systematic review of hematological biomarkers. Int J Stroke 2024:17474930241227385. [PMID: 38192106 DOI: 10.1177/17474930241227385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Patients suffering from cancer are reported to have an increased risk of ischemic stroke (IS). We aimed to identify cancer-associated biomarkers found to differentiate between IS associated with cancer from those not associated with cancer. SUMMARY OF REVIEW We performed a systematic search of PubMed and EMBASE databases according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The study is reported in PROSPERO (#CRD42022355129). In total, 5563 papers were screened, of which 49 papers were included. Seven biomarkers were identified which had the potential to differentiate between patients who had cancer or stroke or both conditions. D-dimer was the most frequently monitored biomarker, and high levels were significantly associated with cancer-related strokes in (42/44) studies. Fibrinogen was significantly associated with cancer-related strokes in 11/27 studies. A higher level of C-reactive protein, investigated in 19 studies, was associated with cancer-related strokes, but conclusive multivariate analysis was not performed. Finally, the four cancer-associated antigens CA125, CA153, CA199, and carcinoembryonic antigen were only reported on in three to six studies, respectively. These studies all originated from the Guangxi province in China. CA125 was associated with an increased risk of IS in four of six studies. CONCLUSION Increased D-dimer seems associated with cancer-related IS. CRP may also be a candidate as a cancer-associated stroke biomarker, but this requires further verification. Fibrinogen and the more specific cancer biomarkers have not yet been proven helpful for detecting cancer-related strokes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Erritzøe-Jervild
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury, Neuroscience Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Wenstrup
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Emergency Medical Services, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Emergency Medical Services, Region Zealand, Denmark
| | | | - Christina Kruuse
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury, Neuroscience Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wenstrup J, Hestoy BH, Sagar MV, Blomberg SNF, Christensen H, Christensen HC, Kruuse C. Emergency Medical Services dispatcher recognition of stroke: A systematic review. Eur Stroke J 2024:23969873231223339. [PMID: 38174575 DOI: 10.1177/23969873231223339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Stroke treatments are time-sensitive, and thus early and correct recognition of stroke by Emergency Medical Services is essential for outcomes. This is particularly important with the adaption of mobile stroke units. In this systematic review, we therefore aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of Emergency Medical Services dispatcher recognition of stroke. METHODS The review was registered on PROSPERO and the PRISMA guidelines were applied. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Review Library. Screening and data extraction were performed by two observers. Risk of bias was assessed using the QUADAS-2 instrument. FINDINGS Of 1200 papers screened, 24 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Data on sensitivity was reported in 22 papers and varied from 17.9% to 83.0%. Positive predictive values were reported in 12 papers and ranged from 24.0% to 87.7%. Seven papers reported specificity, which ranged from 20.0% to 99.1%. Six papers reported negative predictive value, ranging from 28.0% to 99.4%. In general, the risk of bias was low. DISCUSSION Stroke recognition by dispatchers varied greatly, but overall many patients with stroke are not recognised, despite the initiatives taken to improve stroke literacy. The available data are of high quality, however Asian, African, and South American populations are underrepresented. CONCLUSION While the data are heterogenous, this review can serve as a reference for future research in emergency medical dispatcher stroke recognition and initiatives to improve prehospital stroke recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wenstrup
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
- Emergency Medical Services, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Emergency Medical Services, Region Zealand, Denmark
| | - Bartal Hofgaard Hestoy
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Malini Vendela Sagar
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Hanne Christensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Collatz Christensen
- Emergency Medical Services, Region Zealand, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Kruuse
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Brain- and Spinal Cord Injury, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wenstrup J, Havtorn JD, Borgholt L, Blomberg SN, Maaloe L, Sayre MR, Christensen H, Kruuse C, Christensen HC. A retrospective study on machine learning-assisted stroke recognition for medical helpline calls. NPJ Digit Med 2023; 6:235. [PMID: 38114611 PMCID: PMC10730829 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced stroke treatment is time-dependent and, therefore, relies on recognition by call-takers at prehospital telehealth services to ensure fast hospitalisation. This study aims to develop and assess the potential of machine learning in improving prehospital stroke recognition during medical helpline calls. We used calls from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2020 in Copenhagen to develop a machine learning-based classification pipeline. Calls from 2021 are used for testing. Calls are first transcribed using an automatic speech recognition model and then categorised as stroke or non-stroke using a text classification model. Call-takers achieve a sensitivity of 52.7% (95% confidence interval 49.2-56.4%) with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 17.1% (15.5-18.6%). The machine learning framework performs significantly better (p < 0.0001) with a sensitivity of 63.0% (62.0-64.1%) and a PPV of 24.9% (24.3-25.5%). Thus, a machine learning framework for recognising stroke in prehospital medical helpline calls may become a supportive tool for call-takers, aiding in early and accurate stroke recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wenstrup
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 1, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
- Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services, Telegrafvej 5, 2750, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Jakob Drachmann Havtorn
- Corti, Store Strandstræde 21, 1255, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Richard Petersens Plads, 321, 223, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lasse Borgholt
- Corti, Store Strandstræde 21, 1255, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7K, 9220, Aalborg Ø, Denmark
- Pioneer Centre for Artificial Intelligence, Øster Voldgade 3, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Maaloe
- Corti, Store Strandstræde 21, 1255, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Richard Petersens Plads, 321, 223, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael R Sayre
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, 325 9th Ave, Box 359727, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Hanne Christensen
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Kruuse
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 1, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Collatz Christensen
- Prehospital Centre Region Zealand, Ringstedgade 61, 4700, Næstved, Denmark.
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wenstrup J, Blomberg SN, Christensen H, Folke F, Christensen HC, Kruuse C. Dispatcher Stroke/TIA Recognition in Emergency Medical Call Center and Out-of-Hours Service Calls in Copenhagen, Denmark. Neurol Clin Pract 2023; 13:e200197. [PMID: 37854175 PMCID: PMC10581077 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000200197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Recognition of stroke/TIA symptoms by emergency medical services (EMS) is instrumental in providing timely recanalization treatments. We assessed the recognition of stroke/TIA by EMS via the emergency medical call center (EMCC) dispatchers and out-of-hours health service (OOHS) dispatchers. Methods In a registry study, based on 2015-2020 data from the Copenhagen EMS, we calculated sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), specificity, and negative predictive value (NPV) of dispatcher suspicion of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) and compared against discharge diagnosis. Results We included 462,029 contacts to EMCC and 2,573,865 contacts to OOHS. In total, 19,798 contacts had a stroke or TIA diagnosis at hospital discharge. Sensitivity was 0.64 for EMCC dispatchers and 0.25 for OOHS. PPV was 0.28 for EMCC and 0.22 for OOHS; specificity was 0.96 for EMCC and >0.99 for OOHS, and NPV was 0.99 for EMCC and >0.99 for OOHS. Sensitivity improved over the period of the study from 0.62 to 0.68 for EMCC and from 0.20 to 0.25 for OOHS. PPV did not change over the period for EMCC and decreased from 0.26 to 0.19 for OOHS. Both EMCC and OOHS more frequently overlooked stroke in women, in patients calling more than 3 hours after symptom onset, and for more severe strokes. For OHHS, advanced age correlated with lower recognition. Discussion As the first study reporting on OOHS setting dispatcher stroke/TIA recognition, we find a need for the improvement of stroke/TIA recognition both in EMCC and in OOHS. Solutions may include specific training of dispatchers, public awareness campaigns, and new technological solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wenstrup
- Department of Neurology (JW, CK), Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte; Emergency Medical Services Copenhagen (JW, FF, HCC), Denmark; Emergency Medical Services (SNB), Region Zealand; Department of Neurology (HC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg; Department of Clinical Medicine (HC, FF HCC, CK), University of Copenhagen; and Department of Cardiology (FF), Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Stig N Blomberg
- Department of Neurology (JW, CK), Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte; Emergency Medical Services Copenhagen (JW, FF, HCC), Denmark; Emergency Medical Services (SNB), Region Zealand; Department of Neurology (HC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg; Department of Clinical Medicine (HC, FF HCC, CK), University of Copenhagen; and Department of Cardiology (FF), Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Hanne Christensen
- Department of Neurology (JW, CK), Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte; Emergency Medical Services Copenhagen (JW, FF, HCC), Denmark; Emergency Medical Services (SNB), Region Zealand; Department of Neurology (HC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg; Department of Clinical Medicine (HC, FF HCC, CK), University of Copenhagen; and Department of Cardiology (FF), Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Folke
- Department of Neurology (JW, CK), Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte; Emergency Medical Services Copenhagen (JW, FF, HCC), Denmark; Emergency Medical Services (SNB), Region Zealand; Department of Neurology (HC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg; Department of Clinical Medicine (HC, FF HCC, CK), University of Copenhagen; and Department of Cardiology (FF), Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Helle C Christensen
- Department of Neurology (JW, CK), Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte; Emergency Medical Services Copenhagen (JW, FF, HCC), Denmark; Emergency Medical Services (SNB), Region Zealand; Department of Neurology (HC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg; Department of Clinical Medicine (HC, FF HCC, CK), University of Copenhagen; and Department of Cardiology (FF), Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Christina Kruuse
- Department of Neurology (JW, CK), Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte; Emergency Medical Services Copenhagen (JW, FF, HCC), Denmark; Emergency Medical Services (SNB), Region Zealand; Department of Neurology (HC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg; Department of Clinical Medicine (HC, FF HCC, CK), University of Copenhagen; and Department of Cardiology (FF), Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wenstrup J, Stenør C. [Hepatitis E-related meningoradiculitis]. Ugeskr Laeger 2021; 183:V01210110. [PMID: 34356020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of acute clinical hepatitis in the world and can cause extrahepatic disease including the nervous system. This is a case report of two patients illustrating this disorder. One patient was a 69-year-old man with painless affection of both brachial plexuses, and the other patient was a 61-year-old man with painful right brachial plexus affection, headache and cognitive problems. Both had pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid and tested positive for HEV immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM in blood, and the first also in blood with PCR analysis. No other infectious agents were identified. Symptoms improved over months.
Collapse
|
6
|
Mariegaard J, Wenstrup J, Lim KZM, Bidstrup PE, von Heymann A, Johansen C, Knudsen GM, Law I, Specht L, Stenbæk DS. Prevalence of cognitive impairment and its relation to mental health in Danish lymphoma survivors. Support Care Cancer 2020; 29:3319-3328. [PMID: 33118105 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05857-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study sought to investigate the prevalence of self-reported cognitive impairment and its relation to illness and treatment characteristics and mental health in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) survivors as cancer-related cognitive impairment has not been extensively studied in lymphoma survivors. METHODS One hundred fifteen HL and DLBCL survivors (mean age = 40.3 years, mean months since completed treatment = 29.6) completed questionnaires on executive function and mental health. We examined the prevalence of executive impairment and compared illness and treatment characteristics and mental health across survivors reporting impaired and non-impaired executive functioning using chi-square, Cochran-Armitage, and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS We found that 39% reported executive impairment. Survivors reporting impaired executive functioning reported worse mental health (ps < .001) than survivors reporting non-impaired executive functioning. A larger proportion of the impaired group had received a high chemo dose compared to the non-impaired group although this result fell short of significance after adjustment for multiple comparisons (p = .017). CONCLUSIONS Self-reported cognitive impairment is prevalent in HL and DLBCL survivors and is associated with worse mental health and possibly high chemo dose. Future studies should investigate objective impairment and the possible dose-response relationship between chemo dose and cognitive impairment in lymphoma survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Mariegaard
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Wenstrup
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Psychological Aspects of Cancer, Survivorship Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, DK-2400, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kevin Zi Ming Lim
- Psychological Aspects of Cancer, Survivorship Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Envold Bidstrup
- Psychological Aspects of Cancer, Survivorship Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annika von Heymann
- CASTLE Cancer Late Effects Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Johansen
- CASTLE Cancer Late Effects Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Moos Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ian Law
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lena Specht
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dea Siggaard Stenbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wenstrup J, Leroy SA. Spectral integration in the inferior colliculus: role of glycinergic inhibition in response facilitation. J Neurosci 2001; 21:RC124. [PMID: 11157095 PMCID: PMC6762325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the contribution of glycinergic inhibition to the time-sensitive spectral integration performed by neurons in the inferior colliculus of the mustached bat (Pteronotus parnellii). These neurons are sometimes called combination-sensitive because they display facilitatory (or inhibitory) responses to the combination of distinct spectral elements in sonar or social vocalizations. Present in a wide range of vertebrates, their temporally and spectrally selective integration is thought to endow them with the ability to discriminate among social vocalizations or to analyze particular cues concerning sonar targets. The mechanisms that underlie these responses or the sites in the auditory system where they are created are not known. We examined combination-sensitive neurons that are facilitated by the presentation of two different harmonic elements of the bat's sonar call and echo. Responses of 24 single units were recorded before and during local application of strychnine, an antagonist of glycinergic inhibition. For each of the 24 units, strychnine application eliminated or greatly reduced temporally sensitive facilitation. There was no difference in this effect for neurons tuned to frequencies associated with the frequency-modulated or the constant-frequency sonar components. These results are unusual because glycine is considered to be an inhibitory neurotransmitter, but here it appears to be essential for the expression of combination-sensitive facilitation. The findings provide strong evidence that facilitatory combination-sensitive response properties present throughout the mustached bat's auditory midbrain, thalamus, and cortex originate through neural interactions in the inferior colliculus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Wenstrup
- Department of Neurobiology and Pharmacology, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio 44272, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Data collection and analysis within animal shelters are critical to developing effective programs that reduce the number of dogs and cats euthanized each year. However, current data collection efforts are insufficient to identify the magnitude, dynamics, or root causes of euthanasia in animal shelters across the United States. The purpose of this study was to examine potential solutions to the underlying root causes of pet overpopulation, with 2 elements. The first, more explicit goal was to establish a baseline of shelter data, policies, and viewpoints through a detailed survey of 186 shelters, 12 site visits, and numerous interviews. The findings suggest large variation in local issues faced by shelters, as well as a nearly universal focus on sterilization as a solution. The greater objective, however, was to use this information as an impetus to improve the process by which shelters amalgamate information and effectively use it to target the most pressing needs within their communities. We believe the essential step is to provide shelters with an analytical tool that would yield informational benefits exceeding the cost of data collection. Such an improvement would have a positive spillover effect on researchers, donors, and others attempting to collect standardized, geographically scalable data. This article presents an overview of the survey findings, as well as a prototype of a tool to help improve data amalgamation and analysis efforts within shelters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Wenstrup
- Mercer Management Consulting, Stanford Gradutate School of Business, Stanford University, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|