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Nguyen CB, Vaishampayan UN. Clinical Applications of the Gut Microbiome in Genitourinary Cancers. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2024; 44:e100041. [PMID: 38788173 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Recently recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer, the microbiome consists of symbiotic microorganisms that play pivotal roles in carcinogenesis, the tumor microenvironment, and responses to therapy. With recent advances in microbiome metagenomic sequencing, a growing body of work has demonstrated that changes in gut microbiome composition are associated with differential responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) because of alterations in cytokine signaling and cytotoxic T-cell recruitment. Therefore, strategies to shape the gut microbiome into a more favorable, immunogenic profile may lead to improved responses with ICIs. Immunotherapy is commonly used in genitourinary (GU) cancers such as renal cell carcinoma, urothelial cancer, and to a limited extent, prostate cancer. However, a subset of patients do not derive clinical benefit with ICIs. Gut microbiome-based interventions are of particular interest given the potential to boost responses to ICIs in preclinical and early-phase prospective studies. Novel approaches using probiotic therapy (live bacterial supplementation) and fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with GU cancers are currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B Nguyen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ulka N Vaishampayan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Mathew Thomas V, Chigarira B, Gebrael G, Sayegh N, Tripathi N, Nussenzveig R, Jo Y, Dal E, Galarza Fortuna G, Li H, Sahu KK, Srivastava A, Maughan BL, Agarwal N, Swami U. Differential Tumor Gene Expression Profiling of Patients With Prostate Adenocarcinoma on the Basis of BMI. JCO Precis Oncol 2024; 8:e2300574. [PMID: 38781543 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE An increased BMI is linked to increased prostate adenocarcinoma incidence and mortality. Baseline tumor gene expression profiling (GEP) can provide a comprehensive picture of the biological processes related to treatment response and disease progression. We interrogate and validate the underlying differences in tumor GEP on the basis of BMI in patients with prostate adenocarcinoma. METHODS The inclusion criteria consisted of histologically confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma and the availability of RNA sequencing data obtained from treatment-naïve primary prostate tissue. RNA sequencing was performed by a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments-certified laboratory (Tempus or Caris Life Sciences). The Tempus cohort was used for interrogation and the Caris cohort for validation. Patients were stratified on the basis of BMI at the time of prostate cancer diagnosis: BMI-high (BMIH; BMI ≥30) and BMI-low (BMIL; BMI <30). Differential gene expression analysis between the two cohorts was conducted using the DEseq2 pipeline. The resulting GEPs were further analyzed using Gene Set Enrichment software to identify pathways that exhibited enrichment in each cohort. RESULTS Overall, 102 patients were eligible, with 60 patients in the Tempus cohort (BMIL = 38, BMIH = 22) and 42 patients in the Caris cohort (BMIL = 24, BMIH = 18). Tumor tissues obtained from patients in the BMIL group exhibited higher expression of genes associated with inflammation pathways. BMIH displayed increased expression of genes involved in pathways such as heme metabolism and androgen response. CONCLUSION Our study shows the upregulation of distinct genomic pathways in BMIL compared with BMIH patients with prostate cancer. These hypothesis-generating data could explain different survival outcomes in both groups and guide personalized therapy for men with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Mathew Thomas
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Beverly Chigarira
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Georges Gebrael
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Nicolas Sayegh
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Nishita Tripathi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Roberto Nussenzveig
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Yeonjung Jo
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Emre Dal
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Gliceida Galarza Fortuna
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Haoran Li
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Westwood, KS
| | - Kamal Kant Sahu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Ayana Srivastava
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Benjamin L Maughan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Umang Swami
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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3
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Gregg JR, Magill R, Fang AM, Chapin BF, Davis JW, Adibi M, Chéry L, Papadopoulos J, Pettaway C, Pisters L, Ward JF, Hahn AW, Daniel CR, Bhaskaran J, Zhu K, Guerrero M, Zhang M, Troncoso P. The association of body mass index with tumor aggression among men undergoing radical prostatectomy. Urol Oncol 2024; 42:116.e1-116.e7. [PMID: 38262868 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association of preoperative body mass index (BMI) on adverse pathology in peripheral (PZ) and transition zone (TZ) tumors at time of prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. METHODS Clinical and pathologic characteristics were obtained from up to 100 consecutive prostatectomy patients from 10 prostate surgeons. BMI groups included normal (18.5-24.9), overweight (25-29.9) and obese (> 29.9). "Aggressive" pathology was defined as the presence of Grade Group (GG) 3 or higher and/or pT3a or higher. Pathologic characteristics were evaluated for association with BMI using univariate analyses. Our primary outcome was the association of BMI with adverse pathology, which was assessed using logistic regression accounting for patient age. We hypothesized that obese BMI would be associated with aggressive TZ tumor. RESULTS Among 923 patients, 140 (15%) were classified as "normal" BMI, 413 (45%) were "overweight", and 370 (40%) were "obese." 474 patients (51%) had aggressive PZ tumors while 102 (11%) had aggressive TZ tumors. "Obese" BMI was not associated with aggressive TZ tumor compared to normal weight. Increasing BMI group was associated with overall increased risk of aggressive PZ tumor (HR 1.56 [95CI 1.04-2.34]; P = 0.03). Among patients with GG1 or GG2, increasing BMI was associated with presence of pT3a or higher TZ tumor (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Increased BMI is associated with adverse pathology in PZ tumors. TZ adverse pathology risk may be increased among obese men with GG1 or GG2 disease, which has implications for future studies assessing behavioral change among men whose tumors are actively monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Gregg
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX.
| | - Resa Magill
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX
| | - Andrew M Fang
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX
| | - Brian F Chapin
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX
| | - John W Davis
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX
| | - Mehrad Adibi
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX
| | - Lisly Chéry
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Louis Pisters
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX
| | - John F Ward
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX
| | - Andrew W Hahn
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Keyi Zhu
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX
| | | | - Miao Zhang
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX
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MacNevin W, Ilie G, Rendon R, Mason R, Spooner J, Chedrawe E, Patil N, Bowes D, Bailly G, Bell D, Wilke D, Zahavich JBL, MacDonald C, Rutledge RDH. PC-PEP, a Comprehensive Daily Six-Month Home-Based Patient Empowerment Program Leads to Weight Loss in Men with Prostate Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of a Clinical Trial. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:1667-1688. [PMID: 38534960 PMCID: PMC10969418 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31030127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The Prostate Cancer-Patient Empowerment Program (PC-PEP) is a six-month daily home-based program shown to improve mental health and urinary function. This secondary analysis explores weight loss in male PC-PEP participants. Methods: In a randomized clinical trial with 128 men undergoing curative prostate cancer (PC) treatment, 66 received 'early' PC-PEP, while 62 were assigned to the 'late' waitlist-control group, receiving 6 months of standard-of-care treatment followed by 6 months of PC-PEP. PC-PEP comprised 182 daily emails with video-based exercise and dietary (predominantly plant-based) education, live online events, and 30 min strength training routines (using body weight and elastic bands). Weight and height data were collected via online surveys (baseline, 6 months, and 12 months) including medical chart reviews. Adherence was tracked weekly. Results: No attrition or adverse events were reported. At 6 months, the early PC-PEP group experienced significant weight loss, averaging 2.7 kg (p < 0.001) compared to the waitlist-control group. Weight loss was noted in the late intervention group of PC-PEP, albeit less pronounced than in the early group. Early PC-PEP surgery patients lost on average 1.4 kg (SE = 0.65) from the trial's start to surgery day. High adherence to exercise and dietary recommendations was noted. Conclusions: PC-PEP led to significant weight loss in men undergoing curative prostate cancer treatment compared to standard-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt MacNevin
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Gabriela Ilie
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ricardo Rendon
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ross Mason
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jesse Spooner
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Emily Chedrawe
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Nikhilesh Patil
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - David Bowes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Greg Bailly
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - David Bell
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Derek Wilke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | | | - Cody MacDonald
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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Marino P, Mininni M, Deiana G, Marino G, Divella R, Bochicchio I, Giuliano A, Lapadula S, Lettini AR, Sanseverino F. Healthy Lifestyle and Cancer Risk: Modifiable Risk Factors to Prevent Cancer. Nutrients 2024; 16:800. [PMID: 38542712 PMCID: PMC10974142 DOI: 10.3390/nu16060800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become a serious problem worldwide, as it represents the main cause of death, and its incidence has increased over the years. A potential strategy to counter the growing spread of various forms of cancer is the adoption of prevention strategies, in particular, the use of healthy lifestyles, such as maintaining a healthy weight, following a healthy diet; being physically active; avoiding smoking, alcohol consumption, and sun exposure; and vitamin D supplementation. These modifiable risk factors are associated with this disease, contributing to its development, progression, and severity. This review evaluates the relationship between potentially modifiable risk factors and overall cancer development, specifically breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer, and highlights updated recommendations on cancer prevention. The results of numerous clinical and epidemiological studies clearly show the influence of lifestyles on the development and prevention of cancer. An incorrect diet, composed mainly of saturated fats and processed products, resulting in increased body weight, combined with physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, and smoking, has induced an increase in the incidence of all three types of cancer under study. Given the importance of adopting correct and healthy lifestyles to prevent cancer, global institutions should develop strategies and environments that encourage individuals to adopt healthy and regular behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Marino
- Unit of Oncological Gynecology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Via Padre Pio, 1, 85028 Potenza, Italy; (G.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Mariangela Mininni
- Department Direzione Generale per la Salute e le Politiche della Persona, Regione Basilicata, Via Vincenzo Verrastro, 4, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Deiana
- Unit of Oncological Gynecology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Via Padre Pio, 1, 85028 Potenza, Italy; (G.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Graziella Marino
- Unit of Breast Surgery, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), 85028 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Rosa Divella
- Nutritionist’s Studio at the Gravina in Puglia, C.so Giuseppe Di Vittorio, 14, 70024 Bari, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Bochicchio
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Via Padre Pio, 1, 85028 Potenza, Italy; (I.B.); (A.G.); (S.L.); (A.R.L.)
| | - Alda Giuliano
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Via Padre Pio, 1, 85028 Potenza, Italy; (I.B.); (A.G.); (S.L.); (A.R.L.)
| | - Stefania Lapadula
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Via Padre Pio, 1, 85028 Potenza, Italy; (I.B.); (A.G.); (S.L.); (A.R.L.)
| | - Alessandro Rocco Lettini
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Via Padre Pio, 1, 85028 Potenza, Italy; (I.B.); (A.G.); (S.L.); (A.R.L.)
| | - Francesca Sanseverino
- Unit of Oncological Gynecology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Via Padre Pio, 1, 85028 Potenza, Italy; (G.D.); (F.S.)
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Erdogan S, Serttas R, Dibirdik I, Turkekul K. Multifaceted impact of adipose conditioned media: Obesity-driven promotion of prostate cancer and cancer stem cell dynamics. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3979. [PMID: 38481004 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is an established risk factor for the development and progression of prostate cancer (PC). This study used adipose conditioned media (ACM) from differentiated adipocytes to assess its effect on PC development and aggressiveness. Due to limited research on ACM's impact on isolated PC stem cells (PCSCs), we also examined CD44+ PCSCs. ACM notably boosted interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-8 production in normal prostate epithelial cells and LNCaP cells. It also increased IL-6 and IL-8 production in PC3 and CD44+ LNCaP cells, and IL-1β and IL-6 production in CD44+ PC3 cells. This indicates that ACM induces the production of inflammatory cytokines in both cancer and prostate epithelial cells. Furthermore, ACM promoted proliferation in androgen receptor (AR)-negative PC3 cells, CD44+ PC3 PCSCs, and nonmalignant RWPE cells, without affecting AR-positive LNCaP cells. In addition, ACM-enhanced invasion and migration potential in both PC3 and CD44+ PC3 cells. Western blot analysis indicated the involvement of NF-κB and AKT pathways in ACM-induced proliferation in PC3 cells and NF-κB in PCSCs. In ACM-treated PC3 cells, E-cadherin was downregulated, while N-cadherin, Snail, vimentin, fibronectin, and Twist were upregulated, suggesting ACM-induced invasion via classical epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathways. In response to ACM, PCSCs exhibited increased expression of E-cadherin, Snail, and vimentin, which are partial EMT markers promoting stemness and resistance to apoptosis. In addition, increased expressions of Nanog, Oct3/4, survivin, and Bcl-2 were observed. Although the molecules we studied have diverse effects on cellular regulation, our data emphasize obesity's multifaceted role in promoting and aggressing PC, notably affecting PCSC populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Erdogan
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Balkan Campus, Edirne, Türkiye
| | - Riza Serttas
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Balkan Campus, Edirne, Türkiye
| | - Ilker Dibirdik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Balkan Campus, Edirne, Türkiye
| | - Kader Turkekul
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Balkan Campus, Edirne, Türkiye
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Kaneko M, Kanatani Y, Sato H, Sano M, Teramura E, Imai J, Fujisawa M, Matsushima M, Suzuki H. Prognostic Factors in Prostate Cancer Associated with Ulcerative Colitis. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1392. [PMID: 38592255 PMCID: PMC10932459 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) has been associated with increased prostate cancer (PCa) risk. However, the mechanisms underlying UC and increased PCa risk remain unclear, and research on this topic is scarce in Japan. We have investigated whether UC is associated with PCa risk in the Japanese population and the risk factors related to PCa among older UC patients. This retrospective single-center cohort study was conducted between January 2010 and April 2022. A total of 68 cases were analyzed, and 9 cases of PCa were observed (13.2%). PCa occurred more frequently in the adult-onset group (8/40, 20.0%) than in the older-onset group with UC (1/28; 3.57%). No significant differences were observed between immunosuppressive therapies and PCa in patients, excluding those with pancolitis-type UC. PCa occurred more frequently in the pancolitis type, and the biologics group had no PCa cases, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.07). This study suggests that pancolitis type and UC onset in middle-aged patients may be risk factors and found that biologics potentially suppress PCa development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Kaneko
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (M.K.); (H.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Yasuhiro Kanatani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (M.K.); (H.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Masaya Sano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (M.K.); (H.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Erika Teramura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (M.K.); (H.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Jin Imai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (M.K.); (H.S.); (M.S.)
- Department of Clinical Health Science, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Mia Fujisawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (M.K.); (H.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Masashi Matsushima
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (M.K.); (H.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Hidekazu Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (M.K.); (H.S.); (M.S.)
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Di Martino G, della Valle C, Centorbi M, Buonsenso A, Fiorilli G, Calcagno G, Iuliano E, di Cagno A. Enhancing Behavioural Changes: A Narrative Review on the Effectiveness of a Multifactorial APP-Based Intervention Integrating Physical Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:233. [PMID: 38397722 PMCID: PMC10888703 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The rapid evolution of technologies is a key innovation in the organisation and management of physical activities (PA) and sports. The increase in benefits and opportunities related to the adoption of technologies for both the promotion of a healthy lifestyle and the management of chronic diseases is evident. In the field of telehealth, these devices provide personalised recommendations, workout monitoring and injury prevention. The study aimed to provide an overview of the landscape of technology application to PA organised to promote active lifestyles and improve chronic disease management. This review identified specific areas of focus for the selection of articles: the utilisation of mobile APPs and technological devices for enhancing weight loss, improving cardiovascular health, managing diabetes and cancer and preventing osteoporosis and cognitive decline. A multifactorial intervention delivered via mobile APPs, which integrates PA while managing diet or promoting social interaction, is unquestionably more effective than a singular intervention. The main finding related to promoting PA and a healthy lifestyle through app usage is associated with "behaviour change techniques". Even when individuals stop using the APP, they often maintain the structured or suggested lifestyle habits initially provided by the APP. Various concerns regarding the excessive use of APPs need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Di Martino
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.D.M.); (C.d.V.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (G.F.)
| | - Carlo della Valle
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.D.M.); (C.d.V.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (G.F.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Centorbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.D.M.); (C.d.V.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (G.F.)
| | - Andrea Buonsenso
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.D.M.); (C.d.V.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (G.F.)
| | - Giovanni Fiorilli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.D.M.); (C.d.V.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (G.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Calcagno
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.D.M.); (C.d.V.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (G.F.)
| | - Enzo Iuliano
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70103 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
- Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
| | - Alessandra di Cagno
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy;
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Brown RB, Bigelow P. Can a Low-Phosphate Diet for Chronic Kidney Disease Treat Cancer? An Interdisciplinary Literature Review. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:5. [PMID: 38392693 PMCID: PMC10890503 DOI: 10.3390/medicines11020005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Background: Cancer therapeutics have a low success rate in clinical trials. An interdisciplinary approach is needed to translate basic, clinical, and remote fields of research knowledge into novel cancer treatments. Recent research has identified high dietary phosphate intake as a risk factor associated with cancer incidence. A model of tumor dynamics predicted that reducing phosphate levels sequestered in the tumor microenvironment could substantially reduce tumor size. Coincidently, a low-phosphate diet is already in use to help patients with chronic kidney disease manage high serum phosphate levels. Methods: A grounded-theory literature-review method was used to synthesize interdisciplinary findings from the basic and clinical sciences, including oncology, nephrology, nutritional epidemiology, and dietetic research on cancer. Results: Findings of tumor remission associated with fasting and a ketogenic diet, which lower intake of dietary phosphate, support the hypothesis that a low-phosphate diet will reduce levels of phosphate sequestered in the tumor microenvironment and reduce tumor size. Additionally, long-term effects of a low-phosphate diet may reverse dysregulated phosphate metabolism associated with tumorigenesis and prevent cancer recurrence. Conclusions: Evidence in this article provides the rationale to test a low-phosphate diet as a dietary intervention to reduce tumor size and lower risk of cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald B Brown
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Philip Bigelow
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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Silva RJG, Grippa WR, Neto LCBS, Enriquez-Martinez OG, Marcarini JAC, Pessanha RM, Haraguchi FK, Lopes-Júnior LC. Factors Associated with the Nutritional Status of Women with Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer in a Brazilian High Complexity Oncology Center. Nutrients 2023; 15:4961. [PMID: 38068818 PMCID: PMC10707825 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer poses a significant public health concern owing to its high prevalence and the risk of mortality associated with delayed diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status of women with non-metastatic breast cancer and to identify factors associated with it. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a High Complexity Oncology Assistance Center in the southeast region of Brazil, with the aim of assessing the nutritional status in women undergoing treatment for stage I, II, or III breast cancer. Patients in palliative care or undergoing reconstructive surgery were excluded. Data collection took place between June 2022 and March 2023 and included questionnaires, physical examinations, laboratory tests, and anthropometric assessments. Nutritional status was assessed using measures such as BMI and skinfold thickness, while nutritional risk was assessed using the Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS-2002) tool. RESULTS Significant associations were found between nutritional risk and educational level (p = 0.03) and BMI (p = 0.01). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between educational level and nutritional risk, indicating that lower educational level was associated with higher odds of nutritional risk (OR = 4.59; 95% CI = 1.01-21.04; p = 0.049). In addition, regarding BMI, it was observed that a BMI above 20.5 kg/m2 was associated with a higher likelihood of nutritional risk (OR = 0.09; 95% CI = 0.01-0.89; p = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS It is crucial to consider the nutritional status of breast cancer patients, alongside clinical factors, to offer comprehensive and personalized care. Gaining insight into the sociodemographic variables linked to nutritional risk can significantly contribute to our understanding of breast cancer. This knowledge, in turn, can aid in identifying effective strategies for public policy, health promotion, and prevention efforts aimed at tackling this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Júnio Gomes Silva
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29500-000, ES, Brazil (F.K.H.)
| | - Wesley Rocha Grippa
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29500-000, ES, Brazil; (W.R.G.); (R.M.P.)
| | | | | | | | - Raphael Manhães Pessanha
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29500-000, ES, Brazil; (W.R.G.); (R.M.P.)
| | - Fabiano Kenji Haraguchi
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29500-000, ES, Brazil (F.K.H.)
| | - Luís Carlos Lopes-Júnior
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29500-000, ES, Brazil (F.K.H.)
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29500-000, ES, Brazil; (W.R.G.); (R.M.P.)
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Saha A, Kolonin MG, DiGiovanni J. Obesity and prostate cancer - microenvironmental roles of adipose tissue. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:579-596. [PMID: 37198266 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00764-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is known to have important roles in driving prostate cancer aggressiveness and increased mortality. Multiple mechanisms have been postulated for these clinical observations, including effects of diet and lifestyle, systemic changes in energy balance and hormonal regulation and activation of signalling by growth factors and cytokines and other components of the immune system. Over the past decade, research on obesity has shifted towards investigating the role of peri-prostatic white adipose tissue as an important source of locally produced factors that stimulate prostate cancer progression. Cells that comprise white adipose tissue, the adipocytes and their progenitor adipose stromal cells (ASCs), which proliferate to accommodate white adipose tissue expansion in obesity, have been identified as important drivers of obesity-associated cancer progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that adipocytes are a source of lipids that are used by adjacent prostate cancer cells. However, results of preclinical studies indicate that ASCs promote tumour growth by remodelling extracellular matrix and supporting neovascularization, contributing to the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, and inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition through paracrine signalling. Because epithelial-mesenchymal transition is associated with cancer chemotherapy resistance and metastasis, ASCs are considered to be potential targets of therapies that could be developed to suppress cancer aggressiveness in patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achinto Saha
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Dell Paediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mikhail G Kolonin
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Disease, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Dell Paediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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Pejčić T, Zeković M, Bumbaširević U, Kalaba M, Vovk I, Bensa M, Popović L, Tešić Ž. The Role of Isoflavones in the Prevention of Breast Cancer and Prostate Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020368. [PMID: 36829927 PMCID: PMC9952119 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative review summarizes epidemiological studies on breast cancer and prostate cancer with an overview of their global incidence distribution to investigate the relationship between these diseases and diet. The biological properties, mechanisms of action, and available data supporting the potential role of isoflavones in the prevention of breast cancer and prostate cancer are discussed. Studies evaluating the effects of isoflavones in tissue cultures of normal and malignant breast and prostate cells, as well as the current body of research regarding the effects of isoflavones attained through multiple modifications of cellular molecular signaling pathways and control of oxidative stress, are summarized. Furthermore, this review compiles literature sources reporting on the following: (1) levels of estrogen in breast and prostate tissue; (2) levels of isoflavones in the normal and malignant tissue of these organs in European and Asian populations; (3) average concentrations of isoflavones in the secretion of these organs (milk and semen). Finally, particular emphasis is placed on studies investigating the effect of isoflavones on tissues via estrogen receptors (ER).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Pejčić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (T.P.); (I.V.)
| | - Milica Zeković
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Tadeusa Koscuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uroš Bumbaširević
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Kalaba
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Vovk
- Laboratory for Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (T.P.); (I.V.)
| | - Maja Bensa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lazar Popović
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Put Doktora Goldmana 4, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Živoslav Tešić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
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