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Torres A, Cameselle C, Otero P, Simal-Gandara J. The Impact of Vitamin D and Its Dietary Supplementation in Breast Cancer Prevention: An Integrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:573. [PMID: 38474702 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is currently a significant public health issue closely linked to numerous diseases, such as breast cancer. This study aims to determine the estimated optimal serum levels of vitamin D to have a protective effect against breast cancer, in addition to exploring the biological mechanisms and risk factors involved. A literature search of articles published in the last 5 years was conducted, and simple statistical analyses using mean and standard deviation were performed to calculate the average concentration of vitamin D from different available studies. It has been observed that serum levels of vitamin D ≥ 40.26 ng/mL ± 14.19 ng/mL could exert a protective effect against breast cancer. Additionally, various biological mechanisms, such as those related to the immune system, and risk factors like diet implicated in this relationship were elucidated. Consequently, it can be concluded that proper serum levels of vitamin D may have a protective effect against breast cancer, and dietary supplementation may be an appropriate procedure to achieve these optimal vitamin D concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antía Torres
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, University de Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Carla Cameselle
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, University de Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Paz Otero
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, University de Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, University de Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
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Sobhi P, Bahrami M, Mahdizadeh F, Fazaeli A, Babaei G, Rezagholizadeh L. Vitamin D and potential effects on cancers: a review. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:190. [PMID: 38270702 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09111-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by the abnormal and uncontrollable division and growth of cells that can infiltrate tissues and alter normal physiological function, which will become crucial and life-threatening if left untreated. Cancer can be a result of genetics, such as mutations or environmental causes, including smoking, lack of physical activity, as well as nutritional imbalance in the body. Vitamin D is one of the foremost nutrients that play a crucial role in a variety of biochemical pathways, and it is an important key factor in several diseases. Vitamin D is an essential nutrient for preventing malignancies and a complementary treatment for cancer through direct and indirect biochemical pathways. In this article, we summarized the correlation between vitamin D and various cancers using an extensive search on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. This paper reviews the role of vitamin D in different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Sobhi
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bahrami
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Faraz Mahdizadeh
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Fazaeli
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ghader Babaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Lotfollah Rezagholizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Amraiz D, Kiani AK, Awan UA, Amraiz T, Awan BA, Irfan M. Cancer Prevention and Treatment Based on Lifestyles. Cancer Treat Res 2024; 191:245-279. [PMID: 39133411 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55622-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Cancer morbidity and mortality incidence are rapidly increasing over the period of time. Cancer prevention, alongside innovative therapies and earlier detection, is considered a key strategy for reducing the overall cancer burden. Substantial evidence indicates a clear correlation between lifestyle factors and changes in nutrient metabolism. Approximately 5-10% of all cancer cases are attributed to genetic factors, whereas 90-95% are due to environmental and lifestyle factors, suggesting that lifestyle interventions have significant prospects for preventing various cancers. Healthy lifestyle changes, in particular healthy diets, physical activity, staying at a healthy weight, reduction or elimination of tobacco/alcohol consumption, and avoiding exposure to radiation and other carcinogens, are significant factors to be considered to tackle the challenges associated with cancer in modern society. This chapter aims to provide lifestyle intervention strategies to improve cancer prevention and risk reduction while promoting the health of cancer patients. The therapeutic role of some dietary regimens and supplements, as well as complementary and alternative health approaches, in cancer treatment is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeba Amraiz
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Aysha Karim Kiani
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Azeem Awan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA
| | - Tayyaba Amraiz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Zoology Wildlife and Fisheries, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Mozaffarizadeh H, Mokarian F, Salehi M, Hakimian SMR, Moazam E, Amoozadehsamakoosh A, Hosseinzadeh M, Behnam M, Behjati M, Naseri A, Lotfi M, Tohidi F. The Relationship between VDR Gene Polymorphisms Bsm1 and Apa1 with Breast Cancer Risk. Glob Med Genet 2024; 11:69-75. [PMID: 38440355 PMCID: PMC10911907 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1779040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In addition to its multifaceted physiological functions, vitamin D is recognized for its protective role against cancer. To manifest its effects, vitamin D engages with the vitamin D receptor ( VDR ) gene responsible for its encoding. Investigations have unveiled that polymorphisms within the VDR gene exert influence over the expression and/or functionality of the VDR protein. Notably, certain VDR gene polymorphisms have emerged as particularly pertinent in the context of tumorigenesis, including Fok1 (rs2228570), Bsm1 (rs1544410), Taq1 (rs771236), and Apa1 (rs7975232). This study aims to scrutinize the correlation between the Bsm1 and Apa1 polymorphisms and the susceptibility to breast cancer development. Materials and Methods In this study, 50 patients suffering from breast cancer with less than 6 months breast cancer diagnosis and 50 healthy control individuals have been chosen. Restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the genotype of polymorphisms. Results The results of the statistical analysis showed that among the studied polymorphisms, there was no correlation with the development of breast cancer. Conclusion Studies on various cancers have produced inconsistent results regarding vitamin D's role in the development and progression of cancer. Therefore, further research is necessary to determine vitamin D's role in cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fariborz Mokarian
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mansoor Salehi
- Department of Genetics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Reza Hakimian
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Moazam
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Majid Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Genetics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Behnam
- Department of Genetics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Behjati
- Department of Medicine, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alma Naseri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Marzieh Lotfi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Abortion Research Center, Reproductive Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Tohidi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Unlu MT, Aygun N, Caliskan O, Isgor A, Uludag M. The relationship of pre-operative vitamin D and TSH levels with papillary thyroid cancer. North Clin Istanb 2023; 10:697-703. [PMID: 38328719 PMCID: PMC10846581 DOI: 10.14744/nci.2022.09699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our goal in this study is to analyze the correlation between papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) with elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and deficiency of vitamin D. METHODS Patients who underwent thyroidectomy, also with available vitamin D test results preoperatively, were included in the study. The patients were separated into two different categories as having papillary thyroid carcinoma (Group 1), benign diseases (Group 2). According to the TSH (mUI/mL) level and vitamin D values, patients were categorized into four quarters. RESULTS Preoperatively, TSH level (mean±SDmUI/mL) was higher in Group 1 (2.04±1.55) compared to Group 2 (1.82±1.94) significantly (p=0.029). Preoperatively, vitamin D levels (mean±SD) were higher in Group 1 (15.88±10.88) than in Group 2 (12.94±10.26) significantly (p=0.011). There was no significant difference between Group 1 and Group 2 according to the vitamin D deficiency (65.5%, 72.8%; respectively (p=0.472)). When categorized with reference to pre-operative vitamin D levels, the proportion of patients in Group 2 and Category 1 was higher significantly (p=0.031). CONCLUSION Although the pre-operative TSH level was significantly higher in papillary thyroid carcinoma than benign thyroid diseases, the categorical distributions of the patients according to the TSH value were similar and the TSH values overlapped. Pre-operative mean vitamin D levels were similar in both PTC and benign thyroid disease groups so PTC was not associated with vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Taner Unlu
- Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Nurcihan Aygun
- Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Ozan Caliskan
- Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Adnan Isgor
- Department of General Surgery, Bahcesehir University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Mehmet Uludag
- Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkiye
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Dai Y, Chen Y, Pu Y, Jiang R. Circulating vitamin D concentration and risk of 14 cancers: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:15457-15467. [PMID: 37642723 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have revealed relationships between circulating vitamin D concentrations and the risk of different types of cancer, although the potential causal relationship remains controversial. This study aims to investigate the presence of a causal relationship between circulating vitamin D concentrations and the risk of different types of cancer. METHODS Summary statistics from corresponding genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were used to investigate the causal relationship between circulating vitamin D concentrations and the risk of 14 cancers. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using inverse-variance weighting (IVW) as the primary method was performed. Additionally, the results were verified using four other methods, including MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode. Multiple sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure the robustness of our MR findings. RESULTS The MR analysis showed no causal relationship between circulating vitamin D concentrations and most types of cancer, except for a causal relationship with melanoma skin cancer (MSC) (odds ratio [OR]IVW = 1.003, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.001-1.005, P = 0.004). Conversely, reverse MR revealed a causal relationship between circulating vitamin D concentration and colorectal cancer (ORIVW = 0.398, 95% CI 0.195-0.813, P = 0.01; ORweighted median = 0.352, 95% CI 0.135-0.917, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide support for a causal relationship between circulating vitamin D concentration and risk of MSC. Additionally, we found a causal relationship between circulating vitamin D concentration and risk of colorectal cancer in reverse-MR analysis. This evidence indicate that vitamin D is of great significance in the prevention and treatment of MSC and the prognosis of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Dai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yifu Pu
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Erdao District, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China.
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Cathcart-Rake EJ, Tevaarwerk AJ, Haddad TC, D'Andre SD, Ruddy KJ. Advances in the care of breast cancer survivors. BMJ 2023; 382:e071565. [PMID: 37722731 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-071565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer survivors may experience significant after effects from diagnoses of breast cancer and cancer directed therapies. This review synthesizes the evidence about optimal management of the sequelae of a diagnosis of breast cancer. It describes the side effects of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy and evidence based strategies for management of such effects, with particular attention to effects of therapies with curative intent. It includes strategies to promote health and wellness among breast cancer survivors, along with data to support the use of integrative oncology strategies. In addition, this review examines models of survivorship care and ways in which digital tools may facilitate communication between clinicians and patients. The strategies outlined in this review are paramount to supporting breast cancer survivors' quality of life.
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Mishra S, Baruah K, Malik VS, Ding EL. Dairy intake and risk of hip fracture in prospective cohort studies: non-linear algorithmic dose-response analysis in 486 950 adults. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e96. [PMID: 37706070 PMCID: PMC10495826 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on the relationship between dairy consumption and hip fracture risk have reported inconsistent findings. Therefore, we aimed to conduct an algorithmically driven non-linear dose-response meta-analysis of studies assessing dairy intake and risk of developing incident hip fracture. Meta-analysis from PubMed and Google Scholar searches for articles of prospective studies of dairy intake and risk of hip fracture, supplemented by additional detailed data provided by authors. Meta-regression derived dose-response relative risks, with comprehensive algorithm-driven dose assessment across the entire dairy consumption spectrum for non-linear associations. Review of studies published in English from 1946 through December 2021. A search yielded 13 studies, with 486 950 adults and 15 320 fractures. Non-linear dose models were found to be empirically superior to a linear explanation for the effects of milk. Milk consumption was associated with incrementally higher risk of hip fractures up to an intake of 400 g/d, with a 7 % higher risk of hip fracture per 200 g/d of milk (RR 1⋅07, 95 % CI 1⋅05, 1⋅10; P < 0⋅0001), peaking with 15 % higher risk (RR 1⋅15, 95 % CI 1⋅09, 1⋅21, P < 0⋅0001) at 400 g/d versus 0 g/d. Although there is a dose-risk attenuation above 400 g/d, milk consumption nevertheless continued to exhibit elevated risk of hip fracture, compared to zero intake, up to 750 g/d. Meanwhile, the analysis of five cohort studies of yoghurt intake per 250 g/d found a linear inverse association with fracture risk (RR 0⋅85, 95 % CI 0⋅82, 0⋅89), as did the five studies of cheese intake per 43 g/d (~1 serving/day) (RR 0⋅81, 95 % CI 0⋅72, 0⋅92); these studies did not control for socioeconomic status. However, no apparent association between total dairy intake and hip fracture (RR per 250 g/d of total dairy = 0⋅97, 95 % CI 0⋅93, 1⋅004; P = 0⋅079). There were both non-linear effects and overall elevated risk of hip fracture associated with greater milk intake, while lower risks of hip fracture were reported for higher yoghurt and cheese intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vasanti S. Malik
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric L. Ding
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- New England Complex Systems Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Microclinic International, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Pourhabibi-Zarandi F, Kahrizsangi MA, Eskandarzadeh S, Mansouri F, Vali M, Jalali S, Heidari Z, Shateri Z, Nouri M, Rashidkhani B. Dietary quality index and the risk of breast cancer: a case-control study. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:469. [PMID: 37658410 PMCID: PMC10474712 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02588-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet quality is a significant determinant in the etiology of breast cancer (BrCa), but further studies are required to explore this relationship. Therefore, we tried to assess if diet quality, assessed using the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), was related to BrCa among the Iranian population. METHODS In the present case-control research, 134 women with a recent diagnosis of BrCa and 267 without BrCa were selected as case and control groups. Individual food intake data from a food frequency questionnaire was used to compute DQI-I. Also, the multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to evaluate the association between DQI-I and BrCa odds . RESULTS We found a significant association between the last tertile of DQI-I and BrCa odds in the fully adjusted model (odds ratio (OR) = 0.30; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15-0.56). The subgroup analysis based on menopausal status also showed a significant decrease in BrCa odds in pre-and post-menopausal women (pre-menopausal: OR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.10-0.70 - post-menopausal status: OR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.13-0.92). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that a higher DQI-I score was related to a lower chance of BrCa. According to our research, a healthy diet pattern is crucial for BrCa prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Pourhabibi-Zarandi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Amini Kahrizsangi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sevda Eskandarzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mansouri
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohebat Vali
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saba Jalali
- Human Nutrition, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Zeinab Heidari
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zainab Shateri
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Bahram Rashidkhani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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The relationship between diet quality indices and odds of breast cancer in women: a case-control study. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:90. [PMID: 36879242 PMCID: PMC9990286 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary quality is an important factor in the etiology of breast cancer (BrCa), but further studies are required to better elucidate this relationship. Accordingly, we sought to analyze if diet quality, assessed using the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR), and Dietary Energy Density (DED), was related to BrCa. In this Hospital-based case-control study, 253 patients with BrCa and 267 non BrCa controls were enrolled. Individual food consumption data from a food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate the Diet Quality Indices (DQI). Employing a case-control design, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained, and a dose-response analysis investigated. After adjusting for potential confounders, those in the highest quartile of the MAR index had significantly lower odds of BrCa than those in the lowest (OR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.23-0.78; P for trend = 0.007). Although there was no association between individual quartiles of the DQI-I and BrCa, there was evidence of a significant trend across all the quartile categories (P for trend = 0.030).There was no significant association was found between DED index and the odds of BrCa in the crude and fully adjusted models. We found that higher MAR indices were associated with decreased odds of BrCa, Therefore, the dietary patterns reflected by these scores may serve as a possible guide to preventing BrCa in Iranian women.
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O’Brien K, Ried K, Binjemain T, Sali A. Integrative Approaches to the Treatment of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5933. [PMID: 36497414 PMCID: PMC9740147 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of cancer patients use forms of complementary medicine or therapies. An integrative approach to cancer management combines conventional medicine with evidence-based complementary medicines/therapies and lifestyle interventions, for the treatment and prevention of disease and the optimisation of health. Its basis is a holistic one; to treat the whole person, not just the disease. It makes use of adjunct technologies which may assist the clinician in diagnosis of early carcinogenesis and monitoring of treatment effectiveness. Many factors contribute to the development of cancer including some which are largely modifiable by the patient and which oncologists may be in a position to advise on, such as stress, poor nutrition, lack of physical activity, poor sleep, and Vitamin D deficiency. An integrative approach to addressing these factors may contribute to better overall health of the patient and better outcomes. Evidence-based complementary medicine approaches include the use of supplements, herbal medicine, various practices that reduce stress, and physical therapies. Individualised to the patient, these can also help address the symptoms and signs associated with cancer and its orthodox treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie O’Brien
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Karin Ried
- National Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Taufiq Binjemain
- National Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Avni Sali
- National Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
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Peila R, Rohan TE. Association of Prediagnostic Serum Levels of Vitamin D with Risk of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast in the UK Biobank Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:1499-1502. [PMID: 35437601 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher circulating levels of vitamin D [25(OH)D] have been associated with reduced risk of developing invasive breast cancer. However, their association with risk of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast has received little attention. METHODS We examined the association of serum vitamin D with risk of DCIS in 231,203 women, aged 40 to 69 years at enrollment in the UK Biobank cohort study. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals for the association of vitamin D with DCIS risk. RESULTS There was no association between serum 25(OH)D levels and risk of DCIS overall, or by menopausal status. The association was not modified by body mass index category, family history of breast cancer, or current use of menopausal hormone therapy. CONCLUSIONS In this large prospective cohort study, we did not observe an association between circulating serum levels of vitamin D and risk of DCIS. IMPACT While previous studies have suggested that serum vitamin D has an inverse association with risk of invasive breast cancer, the present results do not provide evidence for an association with DCIS, a non-obligate precursor of invasive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Peila
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Thomas E Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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Association of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration with Breast Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women in the US. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12060944. [PMID: 35743729 PMCID: PMC9225599 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and breast cancer in postmenopausal women in the United States using nationally representative sample surveys. We used the data from seven cycles of National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2001 to 2014. Participants were non-institutionalized postmenopausal women (n = 8108). In restricted cubic spline analysis, a significant, nonlinear, invert ‘U’ relationship was observed between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and breast cancer in postmenopausal women (p = 0.029). Overall, breast cancer risk was highest (OR = 1.5) between 70 nmol/L and 80 nmol/L of serum 25(OH)D concentration. Then after serum 25(OH)D 80 nmol/L concentration, the breast cancer risk declined. In multivariate-adjusted logistic regression, the risk of having breast cancer was significantly higher in serum 25(OH)D 75−˂100 nmol/L category compared to the 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L category [OR and 95% CI: 2.4 (1.4−4.0)]. In conclusion, serum vitamin D concentrations ≥ 100 nmol/L are associated with reduced risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Controlled trials are required to verify if serum 25(OH)D ≥ 100 nmol/L offers protection against breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
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Wu Y, Gail M, Smith-Warner S, Ziegler R, Wang M. Spline Analysis of Biomarker Data Pooled from Multiple Matched/Nested Case-Control Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2783. [PMID: 35681763 PMCID: PMC9179317 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pooling biomarker data across multiple studies enables researchers to obtain precise estimates of the association between biomarker measurements and disease risks due to increased sample sizes. However, biomarker measurements often vary significantly across different assays and laboratories; therefore, calibration of the local laboratory measurements to a reference laboratory is necessary before pooling data. We propose two methods for estimating the dose-response curves that allow for a nonlinear association between the continuous biomarker measurements and log relative risk in pooling projects of matched/nested case-control studies. Our methods are based on full calibration and internalized calibration methods. The full calibration method uses calibrated biomarker measurements for all subjects, even for people with reference laboratory measurements, while the internalized calibration method uses the reference laboratory measurements when available and otherwise uses the calibrated biomarker measurements. We conducted simulation studies to compare these methods, as well as a naive method, where data are pooled without calibration. Our simulation and theoretical results suggest that, in estimating the dose-response curves for biomarker-disease relationships, the internalized and full calibration methods perform substantially better than the naive method, and the full calibration approach is the preferred method for calibrating biomarker measurements. We apply our methods in a pooling project of nested case-control studies to estimate the association of circulating Vitamin D levels with risk of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Mitchell Gail
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (M.G.); (R.Z.)
| | - Stephanie Smith-Warner
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Regina Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (M.G.); (R.Z.)
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Berretta M, Quagliariello V, Bignucolo A, Facchini S, Maurea N, Di Francia R, Fiorica F, Sharifi S, Bressan S, Richter SN, Camozzi V, Rinaldi L, Scaroni C, Montopoli M. The Multiple Effects of Vitamin D against Chronic Diseases: From Reduction of Lipid Peroxidation to Updated Evidence from Clinical Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1090. [PMID: 35739987 PMCID: PMC9220017 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D exerts multiple beneficial effects in humans, including neuronal, immune, and bone homeostasis and the regulation of cardiovascular functions. Recent studies correlate vitamin D with cancer cell growth and survival, but meta-analyses on this topic are often not consistent. METHODS A systematic search of the PubMed database and the Clinical Trial Register was performed to identify all potentially relevant English-language scientific papers containing original research articles on the effects of vitamin D on human health. RESULTS In this review, we analyzed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D against acute and chronic diseases, focusing particularly on cancer, immune-related diseases, cardiomyophaties (including heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, and atherosclerosis) and infectious diseases. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D significantly reduces the pro-oxidant systemic and tissue biomarkers involved in the development, progression, and recurrence of chronic cardiometabolic disease and cancer. The overall picture of this review provides the basis for new randomized controlled trials of oral vitamin D supplementation in patients with cancer and infectious, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases aimed at reducing risk factors for disease recurrence and improving quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Quagliariello
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (V.Q.); (N.M.)
| | - Alessia Bignucolo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
| | - Sergio Facchini
- Oncology Operative Unit, Santa Maria delle Grazie Hospital, 80078 Naples, Italy;
| | - Nicola Maurea
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (V.Q.); (N.M.)
| | - Raffaele Di Francia
- Gruppo Oncologico Ricercatori Italiani, GORI Onlus, 33170 Pordenone, Italy;
- Italian Association of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Diagnostics (IAPharmagen), 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Fiorica
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, AULSS 9 Scaligera, 37100 Verona, Italy;
| | - Saman Sharifi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (S.S.); (S.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Silvia Bressan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (S.S.); (S.B.); (M.M.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara N. Richter
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy; (S.N.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Valentina Camozzi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy;
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgery Sciences, Internal Medicine COVID Center, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy;
| | - Carla Scaroni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy; (S.N.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Monica Montopoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (S.S.); (S.B.); (M.M.)
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Khedr MI, Sharaf SAF, Abdel Aal AN, Dessouky IS, Soliman M. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level and Breast Cancer Risk in Egyptian Females. ASIAN JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1748494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractVitamin D has potent antiproliferative, prodifferentiative, and immune-modulatory effects. Vitamin D deficiency has been suggested to be very prevalent and there is growing evidence for the association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level with breast cancer risk among Egyptian women. The current study included 40 breast cancer cases and 40 healthy control women. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for all women and together with other clinical factors were correlated to the risk of breast cancer. A total of 80 women including 40 breast cancer cases and 40 controls were included in this analysis. The clinical characteristics were well balanced with no significant difference between cases and controls regarding age, menopausal status, weight, height, body mass index, serum calcium, and phosphorus levels. The mean serum 25(OH)D level in cases (12.11 ng/mL) was significantly lower than in controls (19.77 ng/mL). Ninety percent of cases had 25(OH)D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) compared with 57.5% of the controls. After adjustment for potentially confounding variables, women with vitamin D deficiency were associated with a high significant risk of breast cancer compared to women with sufficient vitamin D with OR of 6.99 (95% CI = 2.01–24.32, p = 0.002). A significant association exists between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of breast cancer in Egyptian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Ibrahim Khedr
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Nagdy Abdel Aal
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Iman Samy Dessouky
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maher Soliman
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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17
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Bone mineral density in women newly diagnosed with breast cancer: a prospective cohort study. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:21. [PMID: 35177701 PMCID: PMC8854387 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00388-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen may have opposing effects on health, namely increasing the risk of breast cancer and improving bone health by increasing bone mineral density (BMD). The objective of this study was to compare dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) BMD between women newly diagnosed with breast cancer and matched controls without breast cancer. Women newly diagnosed with breast cancer treated between April 2012 and October 2017 were prospectively enrolled. A control group was established of women with negative mammography or breast ultrasound, matched 1:1 by age, body mass index, parity, and the use of hormone replacement therapy. All those included had DXA BMD, and lab assessments at enrollment. Of 869 women with newly diagnosed breast cancer, 464 signed informed consent. Of the 344 who completed the study protocol, 284 were matched to controls. Overall, the mean age was 58 years. Compared to the control group, for the breast cancer group, the mean vitamin D level was lower (48.9 ± 19.0 vs. 53.8 ± 28.8 nmol/L, p = 0.022); and mean values were higher of total hip BMD (0.95 ± 0.14 vs. 0.92 ± 0.12 g/cm2, p = 0.002), T score (−0.38 ± 1.17 vs. −0.68 ± 0.98, p = 0.002), and Z score (0.32 ± 1.09 vs. 0.01 ± 0.88, p < 0.001). Among the women with breast cancer, no correlations were found of baseline BMD with tumor size or grade, nodal involvement, or breast cancer stage. We concluded that women with newly diagnosed breast cancer tend to have higher BMD than women with similar characteristics but without breast cancer. This implies that BMD might be considered a biomarker for breast cancer risk.
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18
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Gregoire AM, VoPham T, Laden F, Yarosh R, O'Brien KM, Sandler DP, White AJ. Residential ultraviolet radiation and breast cancer risk in a large prospective cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 159:107028. [PMID: 34894486 PMCID: PMC8748390 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been increasing due to climate change. While this may result in adverse health consequences such as an increased incidence of skin cancer, UV radiation is also a source of vitamin D, which has been hypothesized to be protective for breast cancer risk. METHODS Using a spatiotemporal kriging model, we estimated residential UV exposure levels for the enrollment addresses (2003-2009) of breast cancer-free women aged 35-74 years participating in the Sister Study and living in the contiguous United States (N = 48,450). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the risk associated with UV exposure levels (mW/m2) categorized in quintiles. We examined the association for breast cancer overall (invasive and ductal carcinoma in situ) and by estrogen receptor (ER) status of the tumor. We considered effect modification by regular (≥4 times/week) vitamin D supplement use. RESULTS Over a median of 10.5 years of follow up, 3,510 incident breast cancer diagnoses were reported. We found no evidence of an association between living in areas with higher levels of UV radiation and overall breast cancer risk (HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.90, 1.11). Higher UV levels were inversely associated with the risk of ER- breast cancer (HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55-0.99), but not ER+ (HR Q5 vs. Q1 = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.92-1.18). For ER- breast cancer, the inverse association was only evident in women who did not regularly take vitamin D supplements (HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.33-0.81) compared with those who did regularly take vitamin D supplements (HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.68-1.54; p-for-heterogeneity = 0.12). CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study support a role for UV exposure and vitamin D in the etiology of ER- breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson M Gregoire
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Trang VoPham
- Epidemiology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Francine Laden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rina Yarosh
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katie M O'Brien
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra J White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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Kim MJ, Kim D, Koo JS, Lee JH, Nam KH. Vitamin D Receptor Expression and its Clinical Significance in Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221089933. [PMID: 35379049 PMCID: PMC8988685 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221089933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between vitamin D receptor (an essential component in the vitamin D signaling pathway) and serum vitamin D as well as its clinical significance in papillary thyroid cancer. Methods: This prospective cohort study comprised patients with thyroid tumors who visited our hospital, from 2017 to 2018. The level of vitamin D receptor expression from thyroid tissue was measured in patients with thyroid tumor and evaluated for correlation with serum vitamin D levels and clinicopathologic characteristics of papillary thyroid cancer. Data from 501 patients with papillary thyroid cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were analyzed. Results: Increased vitamin D receptor protein and mRNA expression were observed in papillary thyroid cancer compared to those in normal and benign tissues. Lower vitamin D receptor protein expression was associated with high TNM stage papillary thyroid cancer and low p21 protein expression. Lower relative vitamin D receptor mRNA expression in papillary thyroid cancer was associated with low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level. The Cancer Genome Atlas database showed a positive correlation among mRNA expression of vitamin D receptor, CYP24A1, and p21. Conclusions: An association between decreased vitamin D receptor protein expression and advanced stage papillary thyroid cancer, and a correlation between low vitamin D receptor mRNA expression with low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was observed. Low vitamin D receptor expression in papillary thyroid cancer was shown to positively correlate with low serum vitamin D level and disease aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jhi Kim
- Department of Surgery, CHA Ilsan Medical Center, 65470CHA University School of Medicine, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School, 37991Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daham Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Endocrine Research, 37991Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ja Seung Koo
- Department of Pathology, 37991Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Dermatology, 37991Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kee-Hyun Nam
- Department of Surgery, 37991Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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20
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Dogra AK, Prakash A, Gupta S, Gupta M, Bhat SA. Genetic variations of vitamin D receptor gene and steroid receptors status in breast cancer risk: An updated review. ADVANCES IN BIOMARKER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abst.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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21
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Liu D, Meng X, Tian Q, Cao W, Fan X, Wu L, Song M, Meng Q, Wang W, Wang Y. Vitamin D and Multiple Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Observational Studies, Randomized Controlled Trials, and Mendelian Randomization Studies. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:1044-1062. [PMID: 34999745 PMCID: PMC9340982 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Observational studies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have yielded inconsistent results on the associations of vitamin D concentrations with multiple health outcomes. In the present umbrella review we aimed to evaluate the effects of low vitamin D concentrations and vitamin D supplementation on multiple health outcomes. We summarized current evidence obtained from meta-analyses of observational studies that examined associations between vitamin D concentrations and multiple health outcomes, meta-analyses of RCTs that investigated the effect of vitamin D supplementation on multiple health outcomes, and MR studies that explored the causal associations of vitamin D concentrations with various diseases (international prospective register of systematic reviews PROSPERO registration number CRD42018091434). A total of 296 meta-analyses of observational studies comprising 111 unique outcomes, 139 meta-analyses of RCTs comprising 46 unique outcomes, and 73 MR studies comprising 43 unique outcomes were included in the present umbrella review. Twenty-eight disease outcomes were identified by both meta-analyses of observational studies and MR studies. Seventeen of these reported disease outcomes had consistent results, demonstrating that lower concentrations of vitamin D were associated with a higher risk for all-cause mortality, Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, schizophrenia, and type 2 diabetes. The combinations of consistent evidence obtained by meta-analyses of observational studies and MR studies together with meta-analyses of RCTs showed that vitamin D supplementation was associated with a decreased risk for all-cause mortality but not associated with the risk for Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, schizophrenia, or type 2 diabetes. The results indicated that vitamin D supplementation is a promising strategy with long-term preventive effects on multiple chronic diseases and thus has the potential to decrease all-cause mortality. However, the current vitamin D supplementation strategy might not be an efficient intervention approach for these diseases, suggesting that new strategies are highly needed to improve the intervention outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Centre for Biomedical Information Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoni Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyue Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weijie Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Manshu Song
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Qun Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia,School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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22
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Peila R, Xue X, Cauley JA, Chlebowski R, Manson JE, Nassir R, Saquib N, Shadyab AH, Zhang Z, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Rohan TE. A Randomized Trial of Calcium Plus Vitamin D Supplementation and Risk of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2021; 5:pkab072. [PMID: 34476342 PMCID: PMC8406436 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of calcium plus vitamin D (CaD) supplementation on risk of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast, a nonobligate precursor of invasive ductal carcinoma, is not well understood. In this secondary analysis, we examined this association in the Women’s Health Initiative CaD trial over approximately 20 years of follow-up. Methods A total of 36 282 cancer-free postmenopausal women (50-79 years) were randomly assigned to daily (d) calcium (1000 mg) plus vitamin D (400 IU) supplementation or to a placebo. Personal supplementation with vitamin D (≤600 IU/d, subsequently raised to 1000 IU/d) and calcium (≤1000 mg/d) was allowed. The intervention phase (median = 7.1 years), was followed by a postintervention phase (additional 13.8 years), which included 86.0% of the surviving women. A total of 595 incident DCIS cases were ascertained. Hazard ratios (HRs) plus 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results The intervention group had a lower risk of DCIS throughout follow-up (HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.70 to 0.96) and during the postintervention phase (HR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.61 to 0.94). The group that used CaD personal supplements in combination with the trial intervention had a lower risk of DCIS compared with the trial placebo group that did not use personal supplementation (HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.56 to 0.91). Conclusions CaD supplementation in postmenopausal women was associated with reduced risk of DCIS, raising the possibility that consistent use of these supplements might provide long-term benefits for the prevention of DCIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Peila
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xiaonan Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rowan Chlebowski
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rami Nassir
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazmus Saquib
- College of Medicine at Sulaiman, Al Rajhi University, Sulaiman AlRajhi, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Division of Oncological Science, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Thomas E Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Association Between Endemic Vitamin D Deficiency in India and High Prevalence of Poor-Prognosis Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: a Cross-Sectional Study. Indian J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-021-03065-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Association of vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance with breast cancer in premenopausal Algerian women: A cross-sectional study. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2021; 82:597-605. [PMID: 34166649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low 25(OH)D levels are mainly related to breast cancer (BC) risk in postmenopausal women, while the impact of insulin resistance (IR) on BC prognosis is controversial. OBJECTIVE Considering the high prevalence of BC in younger Algerian women, this cross-sectional study analyzed whether vitamin D status and IR are biomarkers for breast tumor status in premenopausal women. METHODS In 96 women (mean age, 40.96±0.65years) newly diagnosed with BC, tumor status was determined immunohistochemically, classified by molecular subtype, then correlated with body-mass index, total plasma 25(OH)D, insulin and glucose levels and HOMA-IR, using chi², Student t, Spearman and ANOVA tests and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS 66 of the 98 patients (68.75%) showed vitamin D deficiency (9.74ng/mL). Overweight and obese patients with HOMA-IR >2.5, positive for HER2 and with high Ki-67 index had the most severe vitamin D deficiency. There was a significant association between vitamin D deficiency, high Ki-67 index (OR, 14.55; 95% CI, 3.43-82.59; p=0.00078) and IR (OR, 4.99; 95% CI, 1.27-24.47; p=0.03), and between IR and HER2-positivity (OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.05-10.56; p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency and IR are potential biomarkers for poorer prognosis in BC patients, independently of and/or synergically with high Ki-67 index and HER2-positivity in premenopausal overweight or obese women. The potential relationship of vitamin D receptor gene expression with breast cancer survival in Algerian patients will be investigated in a large cohort.
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25
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Yang C, Jing W, Ge S, Sun W. Vitamin D status and vitamin D deficiency risk factors among pregnancy of Shanghai in China. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:431. [PMID: 34144704 PMCID: PMC8214247 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is increasing awareness that vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women may be associated with several adverse effects for the mother and newborn. The risks for vitamin D deficiency are unclear. This study was to assess vitamin D nutritional status and vitamin D deficiency risk factors among pregnant women in Shanghai in China. Methods This study is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Sixth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. A total of 953 healthy pregnant women participated, serological examinations and other variables included serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], total blood cholesterol (TCh), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, triglycerides at the first antenatal visit (12–14 weeks) pregnancy parity and age, body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy, and completed OGTTs test. Associations between vitamin D deficiency and possible predictors (age group, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, and gestational hyperlipemia) were assessed with a multinomial logistic regression analysis. And also used to investigate the effects of 25(OH)D and the other variables on the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus. Results The mean vitamin D level of pregnancy was 16 (a range from 11 to 21) ng/ml, and severe vitamin D deficiency was 31.8% (303); vitamin D deficiency was 40.7% (388); vitamin D insufficiency was 25.1% (239); normal vitamin D was 2.4%(23). Vitamin D deficiency risk factors were age over 30, parity over 2, overweight, obese, and hyperlipemia. The increasing level of vitamin D nutritional status in pregnancy is significantly related to reducing gestational diabetes mellitus. Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus. Conclusions It is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Chinese pregnancy in Shanghai. Aging more than 30 years, the parity of more than 2, overweight and obesity, and hyperlipemia are risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus. Public health strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency should focus on those risks to promote health pregnancy of Shanghai in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Jing
- Clinical Nutrition Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sheng Ge
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenguang Sun
- School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China.
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26
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Bahrami A, Sahebkar A. Vitamin D as a Potential Therapeutic Option in Cancer Treatment: Is There a Role for Chemoprevention? Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:2138-2149. [PMID: 32729431 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620999200729192728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D (Vit D) serves as a precursor to the potent steroid hormone calcitriol, which regulates numerous genes that control homeostasis, epithelial cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Low level of Vit D is implicated in the development and progression of several diseases including bone fractures, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and cancers. The present review highlights the role of vitamin D in cancer with a particular emphasis on genetic variants related to Vit D metabolism as well as clinical trials of Vit D supplementation as a potential therapeutic option in the treatment of cancer patients. METHODS Data were collected following an electronic search in the Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, and Scopus databases by using some keywords such as "cancer", "tumor", "malignancy", "vitamin D", "cholecalciferol" and "calcitriol". RESULTS The collected evidence from the studies revealed a consistent and strong association between Vit D status and cancer risk and survival. The associations between Vit D-related genetic variants and cancer survival support the hypothesis that Vit D may affect cancer outcomes. The mechanisms whereby Vit D reduces cancer risk and increases survival are regulation of cellular differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis as well as decreased angiogenesis in tumor microenvironment and inhibition of metastasis. CONCLUSION There is a paucity of evidence-based recommendations for the optimal 25(OH)D levels in patients with cancer and the role of Vit D supplementation for primary or secondary prevention of cancer. Well-designed and sufficiently powered randomized clinical trials are necessary to assess the clinical application of Vit D in enhancing the clinical efficacy of standard and adjuvant chemotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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27
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Diet and Nutrition in Gynecological Disorders: A Focus on Clinical Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061747. [PMID: 34063835 PMCID: PMC8224039 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy lifestyle and a balanced diet play a paramount role in promoting and maintaining homeostatic functions and preventing an array of chronic and debilitating diseases. Based upon observational and epidemiological investigations, it is clear that nutritional factors and dietary habits play a significant role in gynecological disease development, including uterine leiomyoma, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, and gynecological malignancies. Diets rich in fruits and vegetables, Mediterranean diets, green tea, vitamin D, and plant-derived natural compounds may have a long-term positive impact on gynecological diseases, while fats, red meat, alcohol, and coffee may contribute to their development. Data regarding the association between dietary habits and gynecological disorders are, at times, conflicting, with potential confounding factors, including food pollutants, reduced physical activity, ethnic background, and environmental factors limiting overall conclusions. This review provides a synopsis of the current clinical data and biological basis of the association between available dietary and nutritional data, along with their impact on the biology and pathophysiology of different gynecological disorders, as well as an outlook on future directions that will guide further investigational research.
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28
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Li Z, Wu L, Zhang J, Huang X, Thabane L, Li G. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Risk of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Nutr 2021; 8:655727. [PMID: 33869269 PMCID: PMC8049142 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.655727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Laboratory findings indicated that vitamin D might have a potent protective effect on breast cancer, but epidemiology studies reported conflicting results. The aim of the study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on risk of breast cancer. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, and abstracts of three major conferences were searched (up to December 8, 2020). Parallel randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on risk of breast cancer or change of mammography compared with placebo in females were included. Data were meta-analyzed using a random-effects model. Bayesian meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize the results using data from observational studies as priors. Results: Seven RCTs were identified for effect of vitamin D on risk of breast cancer, with 19,137 females included for meta-analysis. No statistically significant effect of vitamin D on risk of breast cancer was found in classical random-effects meta-analysis (risk ratio = 1.04, 95% confidence interval: 0.84–1.28, p = 0.71). When Bayesian meta-analyses were conducted, results remained non-significant. There was no statistically significant effect of vitamin D on mammography density observed: mean difference = 0.46, 95% confidence interval: −2.06 to 2.98, p = 0.72. Conclusion: There is insufficient evidence to support the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in breast cancer risk and change of mammography density. The protective effect of vitamin D on risk of breast cancer from previous observational studies may be overestimated. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, identifier CRD42019138718.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Li
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangzhi Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junguo Zhang
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Guowei Li
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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29
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Lang JE. Contribution of comorbidities to obesity-related asthma in children. Paediatr Respir Rev 2021; 37:22-29. [PMID: 32828671 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Children with obesity are at increased risk for developing asthma that is difficult to control. A complicating factor to asthma management among these children is likely the commonplace co-morbidities that also result from obesity. We discuss three common obesity-related comorbidities which appear to complicate the effective management of asthma, including hypovitaminosis D, obstructive sleep apnea and gastro-esophageal reflux. Each conditions requires more research to understand their effects on asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Lang
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, 301 West Morgan Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
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Radom A, Wędrychowicz A, Pieczarkowski S, Skoczeń S, Tomasik P. Effect of Selected Factors on the Serum 25(OH)D Concentration in Women Treated for Breast Cancer. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020564. [PMID: 33572090 PMCID: PMC7915136 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining an optimal vitamin D concentration reduces the risk of recurrence and extends survival time in patients after breast cancer treatment. Data on vitamin D deficiency among Polish women after breast cancer therapy are limited. Thus, the aim of the study was the analysis of vitamin D status in post-mastectomy patients, considering such factors as seasons, social habits, vitamin D supplementation and its measurements. The study involved 94 women after breast cancer treatment. Serum vitamin D concentration was measured, and a questionnaire, gathering demographic and clinical data regarding cancer, diet, exposure to sun radiation, and knowledge of recommendations on vitamin D supplementation, was delivered twice, in both winter and in summer. The control group consisted of 94 age-matched women with no oncological history. In women after breast cancer treatment, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency was much more frequent than in the general population. Only about half of the patients supplemented vitamin D at the beginning of the study. After the first test and the issuing of recommendations on vitamin D supplementation, the percentage of vitamin D supplemented patients increased by about 30% in study groups. The average dose of supplement also increased. None of the women that were not supplementing vitamin D and were tested again in winter had optimal 25(OH)D concentration. It was concluded that vitamin deficiency is common in women treated for breast cancer. Medical advising about vitamin D supplementation and monitoring of 25(OH)D concentration should be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Radom
- Medical Laboratory Diagmed, Lwowska 20, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Wędrychowicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Kraków, Poland; (A.W.); (S.P.)
| | - Stanisław Pieczarkowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Kraków, Poland; (A.W.); (S.P.)
| | - Szymon Skoczeń
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Pediatric Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Tomasik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Pediatric Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence:
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31
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Voutsadakis IA. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and metabolizing enzymes CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 in breast cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9821-9830. [PMID: 33259013 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05780-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D Receptor (VDR), a nuclear steroid receptor, is a transcription factor with a primary physiologic role in calcium metabolism. It has also a physiologic role in breast tissues during development of the gland and postpartum. In addition, it is commonly expressed in breast cancer and has tumor suppressive effects. Cytochrome enzymes CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 that perform the final conversion of the circulating form of vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) to the active VDR ligand, 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and the catabolism of it to inactive 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, respectively, are also expressed in breast cancer tissues. Defective regulation of the receptor and the metabolic enzymes of VDR ligand is prevalent in breast cancer and leads to decreased VDR signaling. The expression and molecular defects of VDR, CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 that perturb physiologic function, the implications for breast cancer progression and therapeutic opportunities are discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Algoma District Cancer Program, Sault Area Hospital, 750 Great Northern Road, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6B 0A8, Canada. .,Section of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada.
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32
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Sluyter JD, Manson JE, Scragg R. Vitamin D and Clinical Cancer Outcomes: A Review of Meta-Analyses. JBMR Plus 2020; 5:e10420. [PMID: 33553987 PMCID: PMC7839823 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between vitamin D status or supplementation and cancer outcomes has been examined in several meta‐analyses. To address remaining knowledge gaps, we conducted a systematic overview and critical appraisal of pertinent meta‐analyses. For meta‐analyses of trials, we assessed their quality using AMSTAR‐2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews), strength of associations using umbrella review methodology and credibility of evidence using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) criteria. Meta‐analyses of observational studies reported inverse associations of 25OHD with risk of cancer incidence and cancer mortality and, particularly for colorectal cancer, fulfilled some of Bradford‐Hill's causation criteria. In meta‐analyses of trials, vitamin D supplementation did not affect cancer incidence. However, we found credible evidence that vitamin D supplementation reduced total cancer mortality risk, with five out of six meta‐analyses reporting a relative risk (RR) reduction of up to 16%: RR, 0.84 (95% CI, 0.74–0.95). The strength of the association, however, was classified as weak. This was true among meta‐analyses of high, moderate, and lower quality (AMSTAR‐2–rated). Trials did not include large numbers of vitamin D‐deficient participants; many tested relatively low doses and lacked sufficiently powered data on site‐specific cancers. In conclusion, meta‐analyses show that, although observational evidence indicates that low vitamin D status is associated with a higher risk of cancer outcomes, randomized trials show that vitamin D supplementation reduces total cancer mortality, but not cancer incidence. However, trials with larger proportions of vitamin D‐insufficient participants and longer durations of follow‐up, plus adequately powered data on site‐specific common cancers, would provide further insight into the evidence base. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Sluyter
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA.,Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA
| | - Robert Scragg
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
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Hiatt RA, Engmann NJ, Balke K, Rehkopf DH. A Complex Systems Model of Breast Cancer Etiology: The Paradigm II Conceptual Model. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1720-1730. [PMID: 32641370 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of breast cancer is a complex system of interacting factors from multiple domains. New knowledge about breast cancer etiology continues to be produced by the research community, and the communication of this knowledge to other researchers, practitioners, decision makers, and the public is a challenge. METHODS We updated the previously published Paradigm model (PMID: 25017248) to create a framework that describes breast cancer etiology in four overlapping domains of biologic, behavioral, environmental, and social determinants. This new Paradigm II conceptual model was part of a larger modeling effort that included input from multiple experts in fields from genetics to sociology, taking a team and transdisciplinary approach to the common problem of describing breast cancer etiology for the population of California women in 2010. Recent literature was reviewed with an emphasis on systematic reviews when available and larger epidemiologic studies when they were not. Environmental chemicals with strong animal data on etiology were also included. RESULTS The resulting model illustrates factors with their strength of association and the quality of the available data. The published evidence supporting each relationship is made available herein, and also in an online dynamic model that allows for manipulation of individual factors leading to breast cancer (https://cbcrp.org/causes/). CONCLUSIONS The Paradigm II model illustrates known etiologic factors in breast cancer, as well as gaps in knowledge and areas where better quality data are needed. IMPACT The Paradigm II model can be a stimulus for further research and for better understanding of breast cancer etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Hiatt
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California. .,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Kaya Balke
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Negri M, Gentile A, de Angelis C, Montò T, Patalano R, Colao A, Pivonello R, Pivonello C. Vitamin D-Induced Molecular Mechanisms to Potentiate Cancer Therapy and to Reverse Drug-Resistance in Cancer Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061798. [PMID: 32560347 PMCID: PMC7353389 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing interest in studying the role of vitamin D in cancer has been provided by the scientific literature during the last years, although mixed results have been reported. Vitamin D deficiency has been largely associated with various types of solid and non-solid human cancers, and the almost ubiquitous expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) has always led to suppose a crucial role of vitamin D in cancer. However, the association between vitamin D levels and the risk of solid cancers, such as colorectal, prostate and breast cancer, shows several conflicting results that raise questions about the use of vitamin D supplements in cancer patients. Moreover, studies on vitamin D supplementation do not always show improvements in tumor progression and mortality risk, particularly for prostate and breast cancer. Conversely, several molecular studies are in agreement about the role of vitamin D in inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, growth and invasiveness, cell cycle arrest and inflammatory signaling, through which vitamin D may also regulate cancer microenvironment through the activation of different molecular pathways. More recently, a role in the regulation of cancer stem cells proliferation and short non-coding microRNA (miRNAs) expression has emerged, conferring to vitamin D a more crucial role in cancer development and progression. Interestingly, it has been shown that vitamin D is able not only to potentiate the effects of traditional cancer therapy but can even contribute to overcome the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance—often triggering tumor-spreading. At this regard, vitamin D can act at various levels through the regulation of growth of cancer stem cells and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as through the modulation of miRNA gene expression. The current review reconsiders epidemiological and molecular literature concerning the role of vitamin D in cancer risk and tumor development and progression, as well as the action of vitamin D supplementation in potentiating the effects of drug therapy and overcoming the mechanisms of resistance often triggered during cancer therapies, by critically addressing strengths and weaknesses of available data from 2010 to 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria Negri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.N.); (A.G.); (C.d.A.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (A.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Annalisa Gentile
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.N.); (A.G.); (C.d.A.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (A.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Cristina de Angelis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.N.); (A.G.); (C.d.A.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (A.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Tatiana Montò
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.N.); (A.G.); (C.d.A.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (A.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Roberta Patalano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.N.); (A.G.); (C.d.A.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (A.C.); (R.P.)
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università Federico II di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.N.); (A.G.); (C.d.A.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (A.C.); (R.P.)
- Unesco Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.N.); (A.G.); (C.d.A.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (A.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Claudia Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.N.); (A.G.); (C.d.A.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (A.C.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence:
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35
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Blasiak J, Pawlowska E, Chojnacki J, Szczepanska J, Fila M, Chojnacki C. Vitamin D in Triple-Negative and BRCA1-Deficient Breast Cancer-Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3670. [PMID: 32456160 PMCID: PMC7279503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies show that triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients have the lowest vitamin D concentration among all breast cancer types, suggesting that this vitamin may induce a protective effect against TNBC. This effect of the active metabolite of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D), can be attributed to its potential to modulate proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis and is supported by many in vitro and animal studies, but its exact mechanism is poorly known. In a fraction of TNBCs that harbor mutations that cause the loss of function of the DNA repair-associated breast cancer type 1 susceptibility (BRCA1) gene, 1,25(OH)2D may induce protective effects by activating its receptor and inactivating cathepsin L-mediated degradation of tumor protein P53 binding protein 1 (TP53BP1), preventing deficiency in DNA double-strand break repair and contributing to genome stability. Similar effects can be induced by the interaction of 1,25(OH)2D with proteins of the growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 (GADD45) family. Further studies on TNBC cell lines with exact molecular characteristics and clinical trials with well-defined cases are needed to determine the mechanism of action of vitamin D in TNBC to assess its preventive and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Pawlowska
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Jan Chojnacki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (J.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Joanna Szczepanska
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Michal Fila
- Department of Neurology, Polish Mother Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Cezary Chojnacki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (J.C.); (C.C.)
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36
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The effect of vitamin D supplementation on the risk of breast cancer: a trial sequential meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 182:1-8. [PMID: 32405914 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Observational studies suggest an inverse association between circulating vitamin D levels and risk of breast cancer. However, the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation to reduce the risk of breast cancer remain controversial, based on the results of current randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of vitamin D supplementation on breast cancer prevention. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library were searched from inception to February 2020. We performed a trial sequential meta-analysis of RCTs reporting the effect of vitamin D supplementation, with or without calcium, on the risk of breast cancer. The effect was estimated using a relative risk reduction threshold of 30%. RESULTS Eight trials comprising 72,275 participants were included in this study, with a median follow-up period ranging from 1 to 11.9 years. The median dosage of vitamin D supplementation was 967 IU per day (range 400-3704 IU per day) across the trials. This study yielded a relative risk of 1.04 (95% CI 0.85-1.29, P = 0.68) for the effect of vitamin D supplementation (6 trials, 33,472 participants), and 0.99 (95% CI 0.91-1.07, P = 0.73) for co-administration of vitamin D and calcium (4 trials, 41,957 participants). The effect estimate for vitamin D with or without calcium on breast cancer risk lay within the futility boundary, indicating that vitamin D supplementation does not alter the relative risk by 30% or more. CONCLUSION Our analyses suggest that vitamin D supplementation, with or without calcium, does not reduce breast cancer risk by 30% or more. Future trials with similar designs are unlikely to alter this finding.
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Shamsi U, Khan S, Azam I, Habib Khan A, Maqbool A, Hanif M, Gill T, Iqbal R, Callen D. A multicenter case control study of association of vitamin D with breast cancer among women in Karachi, Pakistan. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0225402. [PMID: 31967989 PMCID: PMC6975526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and breast cancer are both high among women living in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods A matched case control study was conducted in two hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan to evaluate the association of vitamin D (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D) concentrations, vitamin D supplementation and sun exposure with breast cancer among Pakistani women. A total of 411 newly diagnosed histologically confirmed primary breast cancer cases were enrolled and 784 controls, free of breast and any other cancers, were matched by age (year of birth ± 5 years), residence in the same geographic area and study site. Information was collected on sociodemographic history, history of vitamin D supplementation, past medical and obstetrical history, family history of breast cancer, sun exposure history, histopathology reports and anthropometric measurement and venous blood was collected to measure serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration. Results Compared to patients with sufficient serum vitamin D (>30 ng/ml), women with serum vitamin D deficiency (<20ng/ml), had a higher risk of breast cancer (OR = 1.65, 95%CI: 1.10, 2.50). Women with history of vitamin D supplementation one year prior to enrollment, had significant protective effect against breast cancer (OR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.43). Conclusions and recommendation Serum vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased risk of breast cancer, while vitamin D supplementation was associated with decreased risk of breast cancer. In Pakistani women, where vitamin D deficiency is common, raising and maintaining serum vitamin D at population level is a safe and affordable strategy. It may play a role in reducing the incidence of both vitamin D deficiency and breast cancer, particularly among poor women where the breast cancer mortality is highest due to limited resources for early detection, diagnosis, and treatment. The effects of vitamin D with regard to breast cancer risk in Karachi Pakistan should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Shamsi
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Shaista Khan
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Azam
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aysha Habib Khan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amir Maqbool
- Department of Oncology, Karachi Institute of Radiation and Nuclear Medicine Hospital (KIRAN), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Hanif
- Department of Oncology, Karachi Institute of Radiation and Nuclear Medicine Hospital (KIRAN), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tiffany Gill
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Romaina Iqbal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - David Callen
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Song D, Deng Y, Liu K, Zhou L, Li N, Zheng Y, Hao Q, Yang S, Wu Y, Zhai Z, Li H, Dai Z. Vitamin D intake, blood vitamin D levels, and the risk of breast cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:12708-12732. [PMID: 31884419 PMCID: PMC6949087 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have indicated that blood vitamin D levels are linked to cancer. Here we conducted a dose-response meta-analysis based on published observational studies to evaluate the association of vitamin D intake and blood vitamin D levels with breast cancer susceptibility. PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched up to January 2019. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted to estimate the risk. We identified 70 relevant studies on blood vitamin D levels (50 studies) and vitamin D intake (20 studies), respectively. Linear and nonlinear trend analyses were performed and showed that an increase in blood vitamin D levels by 5 nmol/l was associated with a 6% decrease in breast cancer risk (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.93-0.96). Similar results were obtained for premenopausal (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93-0.99) and postmenopausal women (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.94-0.98). The pooled OR of breast cancer risk for a 400IU/day increase in vitamin D intake was 0.97 (95% CI = 0.92-1.02). In conclusion, we found that breast cancer risk was inversely related to blood vitamin D levels; however, no significant association was observed in vitamin D intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingli Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujiao Deng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Linghui Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Hao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Si Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Zhai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongtao Li
- Department of Breast Head and Neck Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Tumor Hospital), Urumqi, China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Jiang X, Dimou NL, Al-Dabhani K, Lewis SJ, Martin RM, Haycock PC, Gunter MJ, Key TJ, Eeles RA, Muir K, Neal D, Giles GG, Giovannucci EL, Stampfer M, Pierce BL, Schildkraut JM, Warren Andersen S, Thompson D, Zheng W, Kraft P, Tsilidis KK. Circulating vitamin D concentrations and risk of breast and prostate cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 48:1416-1424. [PMID: 30597039 PMCID: PMC6934026 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have suggested an association between circulating vitamin D concentrations [25(OH)D] and risk of breast and prostate cancer, which was not supported by a recent Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis comprising 15 748 breast and 22 898 prostate-cancer cases. Demonstrating causality has proven challenging and one common limitation of MR studies is insufficient power. METHODS We aimed to determine whether circulating concentrations of vitamin D are causally associated with the risk of breast and prostate cancer, by using summary-level data from the largest ever genome-wide association studies conducted on vitamin D (N = 73 699), breast cancer (Ncase = 122 977) and prostate cancer (Ncase = 79 148). We constructed a stronger instrument using six common genetic variants (compared with the previous four variants) and applied several two-sample MR methods. RESULTS We found no evidence to support a causal association between 25(OH)D and risk of breast cancer [OR per 25 nmol/L increase, 1.02 (95% confidence interval: 0.97-1.08), P = 0.47], oestrogen receptor (ER)+ [1.00 (0.94-1.07), P = 0.99] or ER- [1.02 (0.90-1.16), P = 0.75] subsets, prostate cancer [1.00 (0.93-1.07), P = 0.99] or the advanced subtype [1.02 (0.90-1.16), P = 0.72] using the inverse-variance-weighted method. Sensitivity analyses did not reveal any sign of directional pleiotropy. CONCLUSIONS Despite its almost five-fold augmented sample size and substantially improved statistical power, our MR analysis does not support a causal effect of circulating 25(OH)D concentrations on breast- or prostate-cancer risk. However, we can still not exclude a modest or non-linear effect of vitamin D. Future studies may be designed to understand the effect of vitamin D in subpopulations with a profound deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Jiang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niki L Dimou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Kawthar Al-Dabhani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Philip C Haycock
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Neal
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brandon L Pierce
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Shaneda Warren Andersen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Deborah Thompson
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Serum 'Vitamin-Mineral' Profiles: Associations with Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk Including Dietary Patterns and Supplementation. A Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092244. [PMID: 31540424 PMCID: PMC6770708 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in females worldwide. Studies evaluating the blood vitamins and minerals status in the breast cancer etiology are limited, and the results are inconclusive. This study analyzed the association between serum vitamin-mineral profiles (V-MPs) and breast cancer (BC) risk with including dietary patterns (DPs) and the use of supplements. This case-control study involved 420 women aged 40–79 years from north-eastern Poland, including 190 newly diagnosed breast cancer cases. The fasting serum concentrations of vitamins (folate, cobalamin, 25(OH) vitamin D) and minerals (iron, calcium, magnesium) were measured in 129 post-menopausal women, including 82 controls and 47 cases. Three V-MPs were derived with a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of the breast cancer risk associated with serum V-MPs and serum levels of single biomarkers. The risk of BC was lower by 88% (OR: 0.12; 95% Cl: 0.02–0.88; p < 0.05) in the upper tertile of the serum ‘Iron-Calcium’ profile compared to the bottom tertile, lower by 67% (OR: 0.33; 95% Cl: 0.11–0.97; p < 0.05) at the level of serum 25(OH) vitamin D ≥24.6 ng/mL and lower by 68% (OR: 0.32; 95% Cl: 0.11–0.91; p < 0.05) at the level of serum calcium ≥9.6 mg/dL. There was an inverse association of the serum ‘Magnesium’ profile or serum level of iron with the risk of BC, which disappeared after adjustment for the set of confounders accounted for: age, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status, overall physical activity, smoking status, age at menarche, number of full-term pregnancies, oral contraceptive use, hormone-replacement therapy use, family history of breast cancer, vitamin/mineral supplement use, the molecular subtype of breast cancer, and dietary patterns. No significant association was found between BC risk and the serum ‘Folate-Cobalamin-Vitamin D’ profile or serum folate, cobalamin or magnesium considered separately. These findings highlight that a higher-normal serum level of both iron and calcium, considered together as the serum profile, as well as a higher-normal serum level of calcium, considered separately, and a slightly below the normal range of serum vitamin D level may protect against breast cancer among postmenopausal women, independent of dietary patterns or the use of vitamin/mineral supplements. Therefore, the maintenance of the adequate status of vitamins and minerals and the regular monitoring of their blood markers should be included in breast cancer prevention.
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Association between vitamin D level and hematuria from a dipstick test in a large scale population based study: Korean National Health and nutrition examination survey. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:187. [PMID: 31126256 PMCID: PMC6534857 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is an important health concern because it is related to several comorbidities and mortality. However, its relationship with the risk of hematuria remains undetermined in the general population. In this study, we analyzed the association between vitamin D deficiency and hematuria. METHODS We conducted cross-sectional analysis using data of participants from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010-2014. A total of 20,240 participants, aged ≥18 years old, were analyzed. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were measured in a central laboratory and hematuria was defined as ≥1+ on a dipstick test. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of hematuria risk according to serum 25(OH)D quartiles, after adjusting several covariates. RESULTS A total 3144 (15.5%) participants had hematuria. The mean 25(OH)D level was 17.4 ± 6.2 ng/mL (median, 16.6 ng/mL (interquartile range, 13.1-20.8 ng/mL)). The 3rd and 4th quartiles had a higher risk of hematuria than the 1st quartile, with adjusted ORs 1.26 (1.114-1.415) and 1.40 (1.240-1.572) in the 3rd and 4th quartiles, respectively. However, this relationship was only significant in women, not in men. When stratified analyses were conducted according to menopausal status, there was a significant increase of hematuria risk according to quartiles in postmenopausal but not in premenopausal women. CONCLUSION We found that vitamin D deficiency is correlated with hematuria in women, particularly after menopause. Further interventional studies are warranted to address whether correcting vitamin D deficiency can lower the risk of hematuria.
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Ong JS, Gharahkhani P, An J, Law MH, Whiteman DC, Neale RE, MacGregor S. Vitamin D and overall cancer risk and cancer mortality: a Mendelian randomization study. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:4315-4322. [PMID: 30508204 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is considerable debate regarding the role that 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations play in cancer risk or mortality, with earlier studies drawing mixed conclusions. Using data from the UK Biobank (UKB), we evaluate whether genetically predicted 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with overall cancer susceptibility and cancer mortality using five 25(OH)D genetic markers. Data comprised 438 870 white British UKB participants aged 37-73, including 46 155 cancer cases and 6998 cancer-specific deaths. Participants with keratinocyte cancers and/or benign tumors were excluded from the analysis. Odds ratios were calculated per 20 nmol/L increase in genetically predicted 25(OH)D for cancer risk and cancer mortality. For individual cancer risks, estimates were meta-analyzed with publicly available data using a fixed-effect inverse-variance-weighted model. We demonstrated that genetically low plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were not associated with increased cancer risk nor cancer mortality. Stratification by sex or cancer types did not reveal any meaningful differences albeit wider confidence intervals. Fixed-effect meta-analysis of our individual cancer risk estimates with those derived from publicly available cancer consortia data and previous studies further reinforced our null Mendelian randomization findings on prostate, lung, colorectal and breast cancers with tight confidence intervals; for ovarian and pancreatic cancers, our estimates were less precise despite being not statistically significant. Taken altogether, our results provide no genetic evidence for an association between vitamin D and overall cancer outcomes, with tight confidence intervals to exclude all but very small effect sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue-Sheng Ong
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Jiyuan An
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew H Law
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Rachel E Neale
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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McNamara M, Rosenberger KD. The Significance of Vitamin D Status in Breast Cancer: A State of the Science Review. J Midwifery Womens Health 2019; 64:276-288. [DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary McNamara
- Department of Health Systems Science, College of NursingUniversity of Illinois at Chicago Rockford Illinois
- Swedish American Medical Group Rockford Illinois
| | - Kelly D. Rosenberger
- Department of Women, Children, and Family Health Science, College of NursingUniversity of Illinois at Chicago Rockford Illinois
- L.P. Johnson Family Health CenterUniversity of Illinois Health Rockford Illinois
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Al-Shaer AH, Abu-Samak MS, Hasoun LZ, Mohammad BA, Basheti IA. Assessing the effect of omega-3 fatty acid combined with vitamin D3 versus vitamin D3 alone on estradiol levels: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in females with vitamin D deficiency. Clin Pharmacol 2019; 11:25-37. [PMID: 30787641 PMCID: PMC6366354 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s182927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Outcomes investigating the effect of vitamin D3 (VD3) and omega-3 fatty acids (Omega-3FA) on serum estradiol (E2) are scarce and conflicting. No previous study has investigated the effect of VD3 combination with Omega-3FA on E2 levels. This study was designed to investigate the effect of VD3, Omega-3FA and VD3 plus Omega-3FA on serum E2 levels in premenopausal females diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency (VDD). Subjects and methods This randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was designed to evaluate the effects of 50,000 IU VD3 taken weekly, 300 mg Omega-3FA taken daily and their combination by the study participants for 8 weeks. The mid-follicular serum levels of E2 and 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) were assessed at 8 weeks. The study was conducted during winter on a convenience sample of healthy premenopausal Jordanian females with diagnosed VDD. Fasting serum levels for 25OHD and E2 were assessed at baseline and the end of the trial (after 8 weeks). Data were entered into SPSS and analyzed. Results Healthy premenopausal Jordanian females (N=86) with diagnosed VDD, mean age 32.8±8.9 years, were recruited into the study. Supplementation of VD3 alone resulted in a significant increase in serum 25OHD (13.4±7.9–28.2±7.1 ng/mL, P<0.001) and a significant decrease in E2 levels (85.7±16.5–60.3±20.6 pg/mL, P=0.001). Omega-3FA intake led to a significant decrease in serum 25OHD levels (21.2±12.8–13.6±9.2 ng/mL, P=0.001) and a significant increase in E2 levels (56.3±19.2–78.4±23.7 pg/mL, P=0.006). Combination therapy (VD3 plus Omega-3FA) resulted in a significant increase in both 25OHD (12.0±4.7–35.1±9.5 ng/mL, P<0.001) and E2 (43.0±23.4–57.3±31.5 pg/mL, P=0.028) levels. Conclusion Results of this study provide vital insight into the effects of D3, Omega-3FA and a combination of their supplementation on premenopausal Jordanian females with diagnosed VDD. Eight weeks of therapy led to decreased E2 level by VD3 and increased level by Omega-3FA supplementation. With regard to 25OHD, its level was increased by VD3 and decreased by Omega-3FA supplementation. Combination of VD3 plus Omega-3FA increased the levels of both E2 and 25OHD. Trial registration This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03333564.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani H Al-Shaer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan,
| | - Mahmoud S Abu-Samak
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan,
| | - Luai Z Hasoun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan,
| | - Beisan A Mohammad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan, .,Department of Physiological Sciences, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman A Basheti
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan,
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Yuan X, Zhu C, Wang M, Mo F, Du W, Ma X. Night Shift Work Increases the Risks of Multiple Primary Cancers in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 61 Articles. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 27:25-40. [PMID: 29311165 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of studies have examined associations between night shift work and the risks of common cancers among women, with varying conclusions. We did a meta-analysis to identify whether long-term night shift work increased the risks of common cancers in women. We enrolled 61 articles involving 114,628 cases and 3,909,152 participants from Europe, North America, Asia, and Australia. Risk estimates were performed with a random-effect model or a fixed-effect model. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression analyses about breast cancer were conducted to explore possible sources of heterogeneity. In addition, we carried out a dose-response analysis to quantitatively estimate the accumulative effect of night shift work on the risk of breast cancer. A positive relationship was revealed between long-term night shift work and the risks of breast [OR = 1.316; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.196-1.448], digestive system (OR = 1.177; 95% CI, 1.065-1.301), and skin cancer (OR = 1.408; 95% CI, 1.024-1.934). For every 5 years of night shift work, the risk of breast cancer in women was increased by 3.3% (OR = 1.033; 95% CI, 1.012-1.056). Concerning the group of nurses, long-term night shift work presented potential carcinogenic effect in breast cancer (OR = 1.577; 95% CI, 1.235-2.014), digestive system cancer (OR = 1.350; 95% CI, 1.030-1.770), and lung cancer (OR = 1.280; 95% CI, 1.070-1.531). This systematic review confirmed the positive association between night shift work and the risks of several common cancers in women. We identified that cancer risk of women increased with accumulating years of night shift work, which might help establish and implement effective measures to protect female night shifters. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(1); 25-40. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Chenjing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Manni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Fei Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Wei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
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Hemida MA, AbdElmoneim NA, Hewala TI, Rashad MM, Abdaallah S. Vitamin D Receptor in Breast Cancer Tissues and Its Relation to Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ER-α) Gene Expression and Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Egyptian Breast Cancer Patients: A Case-control Study. Clin Breast Cancer 2019; 19:e407-e414. [PMID: 30833174 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to explore the role of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in breast cancer tissues and its relation to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) gene expression in patients with breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Cancerous and normal breast tissues from 40 women with breast cancer were analyzed for quantification of VDR levels and ER-α gene expression. The serum levels of 25(OH)D were measured in patients with breast cancer and controls by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Patients with breast cancer had serum levels of 25(OH)D significantly lower than normal control subjects. The levels of VDR and ER-α were significantly higher in breast cancer tissues than in normal breast tissues. The serum levels of 25(OH)D were indirectly and significantly correlated with the tissue levels of both VDR and ER-α gene expression. There was a significant direct correlation between the tissue levels of VDR and ER-α gene expression. The serum 25(OH) D levels, tissue VDR levels, and ER-α gene expression levels were inversely and significantly correlated with breast cancer histopathologic grade. Women with serum 25(OH)D levels ≤ 30 nmol/L, tissue levels of VDR > 5 ng/mL, and tissue levels of ER-α gene expression > 17.7 copies had significantly increased risk for breast cancer incidence. CONCLUSION Women with low serum 25(OH)D levels, high tissue levels of VDR, and ER-α gene expression had increased risk for breast cancer. VDR are upregulated in breast cancer tissues thus it may be used for target therapy especially in hormone-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Hemida
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Surgery, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nadia A AbdElmoneim
- Department of Cancer Management and Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Taha I Hewala
- Department of Radiation Science, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mona M Rashad
- Department of Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shymaa Abdaallah
- Department of Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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Manson JE, Cook NR, Lee IM, Christen W, Bassuk SS, Mora S, Gibson H, Gordon D, Copeland T, D'Agostino D, Friedenberg G, Ridge C, Bubes V, Giovannucci EL, Willett WC, Buring JE. Vitamin D Supplements and Prevention of Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease. N Engl J Med 2019; 380:33-44. [PMID: 30415629 PMCID: PMC6425757 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1809944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1015] [Impact Index Per Article: 203.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether supplementation with vitamin D reduces the risk of cancer or cardiovascular disease, and data from randomized trials are limited. METHODS We conducted a nationwide, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, with a two-by-two factorial design, of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) at a dose of 2000 IU per day and marine n-3 (also called omega-3) fatty acids at a dose of 1 g per day for the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease among men 50 years of age or older and women 55 years of age or older in the United States. Primary end points were invasive cancer of any type and major cardiovascular events (a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes). Secondary end points included site-specific cancers, death from cancer, and additional cardiovascular events. This article reports the results of the comparison of vitamin D with placebo. RESULTS A total of 25,871 participants, including 5106 black participants, underwent randomization. Supplementation with vitamin D was not associated with a lower risk of either of the primary end points. During a median follow-up of 5.3 years, cancer was diagnosed in 1617 participants (793 in the vitamin D group and 824 in the placebo group; hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88 to 1.06; P=0.47). A major cardiovascular event occurred in 805 participants (396 in the vitamin D group and 409 in the placebo group; hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.12; P=0.69). In the analyses of secondary end points, the hazard ratios were as follows: for death from cancer (341 deaths), 0.83 (95% CI, 0.67 to 1.02); for breast cancer, 1.02 (95% CI, 0.79 to 1.31); for prostate cancer, 0.88 (95% CI, 0.72 to 1.07); for colorectal cancer, 1.09 (95% CI, 0.73 to 1.62); for the expanded composite end point of major cardiovascular events plus coronary revascularization, 0.96 (95% CI, 0.86 to 1.08); for myocardial infarction, 0.96 (95% CI, 0.78 to 1.19); for stroke, 0.95 (95% CI, 0.76 to 1.20); and for death from cardiovascular causes, 1.11 (95% CI, 0.88 to 1.40). In the analysis of death from any cause (978 deaths), the hazard ratio was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.87 to 1.12). No excess risks of hypercalcemia or other adverse events were identified. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with vitamin D did not result in a lower incidence of invasive cancer or cardiovascular events than placebo. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others; VITAL ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01169259 .).
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnn E Manson
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C., S.S.B., S.M., H.G., D.G., T.C., D.D., G.F., C.R., V.B., E.L.G., W.C.W., J.E.B.), and the Departments of Epidemiology (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C.W., J.E.B.) and Nutrition (E.L.G., W.C.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health - all in Boston
| | - Nancy R Cook
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C., S.S.B., S.M., H.G., D.G., T.C., D.D., G.F., C.R., V.B., E.L.G., W.C.W., J.E.B.), and the Departments of Epidemiology (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C.W., J.E.B.) and Nutrition (E.L.G., W.C.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health - all in Boston
| | - I-Min Lee
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C., S.S.B., S.M., H.G., D.G., T.C., D.D., G.F., C.R., V.B., E.L.G., W.C.W., J.E.B.), and the Departments of Epidemiology (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C.W., J.E.B.) and Nutrition (E.L.G., W.C.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health - all in Boston
| | - William Christen
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C., S.S.B., S.M., H.G., D.G., T.C., D.D., G.F., C.R., V.B., E.L.G., W.C.W., J.E.B.), and the Departments of Epidemiology (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C.W., J.E.B.) and Nutrition (E.L.G., W.C.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health - all in Boston
| | - Shari S Bassuk
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C., S.S.B., S.M., H.G., D.G., T.C., D.D., G.F., C.R., V.B., E.L.G., W.C.W., J.E.B.), and the Departments of Epidemiology (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C.W., J.E.B.) and Nutrition (E.L.G., W.C.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health - all in Boston
| | - Samia Mora
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C., S.S.B., S.M., H.G., D.G., T.C., D.D., G.F., C.R., V.B., E.L.G., W.C.W., J.E.B.), and the Departments of Epidemiology (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C.W., J.E.B.) and Nutrition (E.L.G., W.C.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health - all in Boston
| | - Heike Gibson
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C., S.S.B., S.M., H.G., D.G., T.C., D.D., G.F., C.R., V.B., E.L.G., W.C.W., J.E.B.), and the Departments of Epidemiology (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C.W., J.E.B.) and Nutrition (E.L.G., W.C.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health - all in Boston
| | - David Gordon
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C., S.S.B., S.M., H.G., D.G., T.C., D.D., G.F., C.R., V.B., E.L.G., W.C.W., J.E.B.), and the Departments of Epidemiology (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C.W., J.E.B.) and Nutrition (E.L.G., W.C.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health - all in Boston
| | - Trisha Copeland
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C., S.S.B., S.M., H.G., D.G., T.C., D.D., G.F., C.R., V.B., E.L.G., W.C.W., J.E.B.), and the Departments of Epidemiology (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C.W., J.E.B.) and Nutrition (E.L.G., W.C.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health - all in Boston
| | - Denise D'Agostino
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C., S.S.B., S.M., H.G., D.G., T.C., D.D., G.F., C.R., V.B., E.L.G., W.C.W., J.E.B.), and the Departments of Epidemiology (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C.W., J.E.B.) and Nutrition (E.L.G., W.C.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health - all in Boston
| | - Georgina Friedenberg
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C., S.S.B., S.M., H.G., D.G., T.C., D.D., G.F., C.R., V.B., E.L.G., W.C.W., J.E.B.), and the Departments of Epidemiology (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C.W., J.E.B.) and Nutrition (E.L.G., W.C.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health - all in Boston
| | - Claire Ridge
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C., S.S.B., S.M., H.G., D.G., T.C., D.D., G.F., C.R., V.B., E.L.G., W.C.W., J.E.B.), and the Departments of Epidemiology (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C.W., J.E.B.) and Nutrition (E.L.G., W.C.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health - all in Boston
| | - Vadim Bubes
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C., S.S.B., S.M., H.G., D.G., T.C., D.D., G.F., C.R., V.B., E.L.G., W.C.W., J.E.B.), and the Departments of Epidemiology (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C.W., J.E.B.) and Nutrition (E.L.G., W.C.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health - all in Boston
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C., S.S.B., S.M., H.G., D.G., T.C., D.D., G.F., C.R., V.B., E.L.G., W.C.W., J.E.B.), and the Departments of Epidemiology (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C.W., J.E.B.) and Nutrition (E.L.G., W.C.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health - all in Boston
| | - Walter C Willett
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C., S.S.B., S.M., H.G., D.G., T.C., D.D., G.F., C.R., V.B., E.L.G., W.C.W., J.E.B.), and the Departments of Epidemiology (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C.W., J.E.B.) and Nutrition (E.L.G., W.C.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health - all in Boston
| | - Julie E Buring
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C., S.S.B., S.M., H.G., D.G., T.C., D.D., G.F., C.R., V.B., E.L.G., W.C.W., J.E.B.), and the Departments of Epidemiology (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., W.C.W., J.E.B.) and Nutrition (E.L.G., W.C.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health - all in Boston
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Yau A, Haque M. Shiftwork Association with Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancers Among Healthcare Workers: A Literature Review. Medeni Med J 2019; 34:387-395. [PMID: 32821466 PMCID: PMC7433719 DOI: 10.5222/mmj.2019.54775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The round-the-clock demands of healthcare services, coupled with the shortage of healthcare providers in many parts of the world, have made shiftwork widespread among healthcare workers. Understanding how to mitigate unfavourable effects of shiftwork on well-being is essential to improve health promotion, to prevent disease prevention, and to increase quality of life. This comprehensive review aims to present evidence linking shiftwork with cardiovascular diseases and cancers among healthcare workers. Several studies have demonstrated evidence indicating the relationship between long-term exposure to shiftwork tempo and a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. Health workers are increasingly witnesing unfavourable effects of shiftwork on their health state. Shiftwork disturbs circadian rhythm and cardiopulmonary processes, leading to adverse health outcomes. Increasing prevalence of shiftwork in healthcare industries due to population expansion and public health threat of cancers call for investigation towards a better understanding of the underlying mechanism of shiftwork-induced diseases. The shift work period has been considered in different studies using various criteria, resulting in inconsistent definition of measurement criteria leading to misclassification of the study population. There is a need for a more considerable and holistic effort towards standardization of shiftwork definition and conduct an assessment to establish a more conveniently appliacable framework for intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamu Yau
- Naresuan University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Phitsanulok, Thailand Texas A&M University, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas, USA.,Bayero University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Mainul Haque
- Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Department of Pharmacology, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Soedamah-Muthu SS, de Goede J. Dairy Consumption and Cardiometabolic Diseases: Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analyses of Prospective Cohort Studies. Curr Nutr Rep 2018; 7:171-182. [PMID: 30406514 PMCID: PMC6244750 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-018-0253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dairy products contain both beneficial and harmful nutrients in relation to cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we provide the latest scientific evidence regarding the relationship between dairy products and cardiometabolic diseases by reviewing the literature and updating meta-analyses of observational studies. RECENT FINDINGS We updated our previous meta-analyses of cohort studies on type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke with nine studies and confirmed previous results. Total dairy and low-fat dairy (per 200 g/d) were inversely associated with a 3-4% lower risk of diabetes. Yogurt was non-linearly inversely associated with diabetes (RR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.83-0.90 at 80 g/d). Total dairy and milk were not associated with CHD (RR~1.0). An increment of 200 g of daily milk intake was associated with an 8% lower risk of stroke. The latest scientific evidence confirmed neutral or beneficial associations between dairy products and risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabita S Soedamah-Muthu
- Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases (CORPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK.
| | - Janette de Goede
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Pineda-Moncusí M, Garcia-Perez MA, Rial A, Casamayor G, Cos ML, Servitja S, Tusquets I, Diez-Perez A, Cano A, Garcia-Giralt N, Nogues X. Vitamin D levels in Mediterranean breast cancer patients compared with those in healthy women. Maturitas 2018; 116:83-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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