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Wang R, Song D, Zhong Y, Li H. Potential role of IGF-1R in the interaction between orbital fibroblasts and B lymphocytes: an implication for B lymphocyte depletion in the active inflammatory phase of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. BMC Immunol 2024; 25:31. [PMID: 38734625 PMCID: PMC11088061 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-024-00613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an inflammatory process involving lymphocyte-mediated immune response and orbital tissue damage. The anti-insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) antibodies produced by B lymphocytes are involved in the activation of orbital fibroblasts and the inflammatory process of orbital tissue damage in TED. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of IGF-1R in the mechanistic connection between orbital fibroblasts and B lymphocytes in TED. METHODS Orbital fibroblasts sampled from orbital connective tissues and peripheral B lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood, which were obtained from 15 patients with TED and 15 control patients, were co-cultured at a ratio of 1:20. The level of IGF-1R expression in orbital fibroblasts was evaluated by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Transient B lymphocyte depletion was induced with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab, while the IGF-1R pathway was blocked by the IGF-1R binding protein. The expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in the co-culture model were quantified via ELISA. RESULTS IGF-1R expression was significantly elevated in TED orbital fibroblasts compared to that of controls. A 24-h co-culture of orbital fibroblasts with peripheral B lymphocytes induced elevated expression levels of IL-6 and RANTES in each group (TED patients and controls), with the highest levels occurring in TED patients (T + T group). Rituximab and IGF-1R binding protein significantly inhibited increased levels of IL-6 and RANTES in the co-culture model of TED patients. CONCLUSIONS IGF-1R may mediate interaction between orbital fibroblasts and peripheral B lymphocytes; thus, blocking IGF-1R may reduce the local inflammatory response in TED. Rituximab-mediated B lymphocyte depletion played a role in inhibiting inflammatory responses in this in vitro co-culture model, providing a theoretical basis for the clinical application of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in TED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Delu Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute University of California, San Diego, 9415, USA
| | - Yong Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
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Li Y, Luo B, Tong B, Xie Z, Cao J, Bai X, Peng Y, Wu Y, Wang W, Qi X. The role and molecular mechanism of gut microbiota in Graves' orbitopathy. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:305-317. [PMID: 35986869 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01902-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is an autoimmune orbital disorder. Gut microbiota dysfunction plays a vital role in autoimmune diseases, including Graves' disease (GD) and GO. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the change of gut microbiota in GD/GO using mouse model. METHODS The murine model of GD/GO was established by the challenge of adenovirus expressing thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor (TSHR) (Ad-TSHR). The histological changes of orbital and thyroid tissues were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson staining, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The fecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS The GD/GO model was established successfully, as manifested as the broadened eyelid, exophthalmia and conjunctive redness, severe inflammatory infiltration among thyroid glands and between extraocular muscle space, hypertrophic extraocular muscles, elevated thyroxine (T4) and decreased TSH, and positive CD34, CD40, collagen I, and α-SMA staining. A total of 222 operational taxonomic units (OUTs) were overlapped between mice in the Ad-NC and Ad-TSHR groups. The microbial composition of the samples in the two groups was mainly Bacteroidia and Clostridia, and the Ad-NC group had a significantly lower content of Bacteroidia and higher content of Clostridia. KEGG orthology analysis results revealed differences in dehydrogenase, aspartic acid, bile acid, chalcone synthase, acetyltransferase, glutamylcyclotransferase, glycogenin, and 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase between two groups; enzyme commission (EC) analysis results revealed differences in several dehydrogenase, oxidase, thioxy/reductase between two groups; MetaCyc pathways analysis results revealed differences in isoleucine degradation, oxidation of C1 compounds, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle IV, taurine degradation, and biosynthesis of paromamine, heme, colonic acid building blocks, butanediol, lysine/threonine/methionine, and histidine/purine/pyrimidine between two groups. CONCLUSION This study induced a mouse model of GD/GO by Ad-TSHR challenge, and gut microbiota characteristics were identified in the GD/GO mice. The Bacteroidia and Clostridia abundance was changed in the GD/GO mice. These findings may lay a solid experimental foundation for developing personalized treatment regimens for GD patients according to the individual gut microbiota. Given the potential impact of regional differences on intestinal microbiota, this study in China may provide a reference for the global overview of the gut-thyroid axis hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - B Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - B Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Z Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - J Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - X Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Y Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Y Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - W Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - X Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Association of variant on the promoter of cluster of differentiation 74 in graves disease and graves ophthalmopathy. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:225965. [PMID: 32744317 PMCID: PMC7432997 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20202072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)/cluster of differentiation 74 (CD74) plays a role in immunological functions. The present study aims to investigate whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MIF and CD74 are risk factors for developing Graves ophthalmopathy (GO) in patients with Graves disease (GD). A case–control study enrolled 484 patients with GD (203 with and 281 without GO) and 1000 healthy individuals. SNPs were discriminated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, as well as frequencies of allele and genotype between GD patients with and without GO, were estimated using the Chi-square test. The effects of CD74 on adipocyte proliferation and differentiation were evaluated using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Quantitative DNA-immunoprecipitation was used to detect the binding capacity of NR3C1 and FOXP3 to A/G oligonucleotides. The results showed that individuals carrying the GG genotype at rs2569103 in the CD74 had a decreased risk of developing GD (P=3.390 × 10−11, odds ratio (OR) = 0.021, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.003–0.154); however, patients with GD carrying the AG genotype at rs2569103 in the CD74 had an increased risk of developing GO (P=0.009, OR = 1.707, 95% CI = 1.168–2.495). The knockdown of CD74 reduced adipocyte proliferation and differentiation. NR3C1 had a higher affinity for A, whereas FOXP3 had a higher affinity for G of rs2569103. The results suggested the existence of a link between the genetic variation of CD74 promoter and the risk for developing GD and GO, which should be considered in clinical practice.
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Krysiak R, Szkróbka W, Okopień B. Atorvastatin potentiates the effect of selenomethionine on thyroid autoimmunity in euthyroid women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Curr Med Res Opin 2019; 35:675-681. [PMID: 30354702 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2018.1541314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In many studies, selenium supplementation decreased serum titers of thyroid antibodies. The aim of the study was to investigate whether statin therapy determines selenium action on thyroid autoimmunity. METHODS This prospective case-control study enrolled 42 euthyroid women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and normal vitamin D status, 20 of whom had been treated with atorvastatin (40 mg daily) for at least 6 months. All patients received selenomethionine (200 µg daily) for 6 months. Plasma levels of lipids, serum titers of thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TgAb) antibodies, as well as serum levels of thyrotropin, free thyroid hormones, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were determined at the beginning and at the end of the study. RESULTS At baseline, there were no differences between both treatment arms in plasma lipids, titers of thyroid antibodies, serum levels of thyrotropin, free thyroid hormones, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Selenometionine decreased titers of TPOAb (from 843 ± 228 to 562 ± 189 U/mL) and TgAb (from 795 ± 286 to 501 ± 216 U/mL) in atorvastatin-treated women, as well as titers of TPOAb (from 892 ± 247 to 705 ± 205 U/mL) and TgAb (from 810 ± 301 to 645 ± 224 U/mL) in statin-naive women. The changes in antibody titers were more pronounced in women receiving atorvastatin (between-group difference: 94 [32-156] [TPOAb]; 129 [52-206] [TgAb]). Treatment-induced changes in TPOAb and TgAb correlated positively with baseline thyroid antibody titers. Circulating levels of lipids, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D remained at similar levels throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results indicate that the decrease in titers of thyroid antibodies was potentiated by atorvastatin use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Krysiak
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology , Medical University of Silesia , Katowice , Poland
| | - Witold Szkróbka
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology , Medical University of Silesia , Katowice , Poland
| | - Bogusław Okopień
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology , Medical University of Silesia , Katowice , Poland
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Smith TJ. Potential Roles of CD34+ Fibrocytes Masquerading as Orbital Fibroblasts in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:581-594. [PMID: 30445529 PMCID: PMC6320239 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Orbital tissues in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy exhibit particular reactivity and undergo characteristic remodeling. Mechanisms underlying these changes have remained largely unexplained. Studies have characterized orbital connective tissues and derivative fibroblasts to gain insights into local manifestations of a systemic autoimmune syndrome. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic search of PubMed was undertaken for studies related to thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), orbital fibroblasts, and fibrocytes involved in pathogenesis. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Orbital tissues display marked cellular heterogeneity. Fibroblast subsets, putatively derived from multiple precursors, inhabit the orbit in TAO. Among them are cells displaying the CD34+CXC chemokine receptor 4+collagen I+ phenotype, identifying them as fibrocytes, derived from the monocyte lineage. Their unique presence in the TAO orbit helps explain the tissue reactivity and characteristic remodeling that occurs in the disease. Their unanticipated expression of several proteins traditionally thought to be thyroid gland specific, including the TSH receptor and thyroglobulin, may underlie orbital involvement in Graves disease. Although no currently available information unambiguously establishes that CD34+ orbital fibroblasts originate from circulating fibrocytes, inferences from animal models of lung disease suggest that they derive from bone marrow. Further studies are necessary to determine whether fibrocyte abundance and activity in the orbit determine the clinical behavior of TAO. CONCLUSION Evidence supports a role for fibrocytes in the pathogenesis of TAO. Recognition of their presence in the orbit now allows development of therapies specifically targeting these cells that ultimately could allow the restoration of immune tolerance within the orbit and perhaps systemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry J Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Terry J. Smith, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Kellogg Eye Center, Brehm Tower, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105. E-mail:
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Tang F, Chen X, Mao Y, Wan S, Ai S, Yang H, Liu G, Zou Y, Lin M, Dan L. Orbital fibroblasts of Graves' orbitopathy stimulated with proinflammatory cytokines promote B cell survival by secreting BAFF. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 446:1-11. [PMID: 28087387 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The success of rituximab for the treatment of active Graves' orbitopathy (GO) suggests that B cells play a critical role in intraorbital inflammation. B cell activating factor (BAFF) and its homolog a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) are critical for B cell survival. However, the contribution of BAFF/APRIL to GO remains unclear. We sought to determine the role of BAFF/APRIL in the orbits of GO, and found that BAFF was markedly upregulated, while APRIL was not. Additionally, cultured GO orbital fibroblasts (GO-OFs)2 expressing BAFF were induced to produce a large amount of BAFF. In contrast, a weak APRIL expression was detected in the OFs, and they exhibited a slight response to stimulation. Notably, pretreated GO-OFs promoted B cell survival, and this effect was significantly inhibited by a BAFF-R neutralizing antibody. This study indicates that OFs from GO can express BAFF and mediate the intraorbital survival of B cells via BAFF mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangtao Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Siming Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Huasheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusha Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaoli Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liang Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.
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Association of polymorphisms of rs179247 and rs12101255 in thyroid stimulating hormone receptor intron 1 with an increased risk of Graves' disease: A meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 36:473-479. [PMID: 27465319 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-016-1611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The polymorphisms of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) intron 1 rs179247 and rs12101255 have been found to be associated with Graves' disease (GD) in genetic studies. In the present study, we conducted a meta-analysis to examine this association. Two reviewers systematically searched eligible studies in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM). A meta-analysis on the association between GD and TSHR intron 1 rs179247 or rs12101255 was performed. The odd ratios (OR) were estimated with 95% confidence interval (CI). Meta package in R was used for the analyses. Seven articles (13 studies) published between 2009 and 2014, involving 5754 GD patients and 5768 controls, were analyzed. The polymorphism of rs179247 was found to be associated with an increased GD risk in the allele analysis (A vs. G: OR=1.40, 95% CI=1.33-1.48) and all genetic models (AA vs. GG: OR=1.94, 95% CI=1.73-2.19; AA+AG vs. GG: OR=1.57, 95% CI=1.41-1.74; AA vs. AG+GG: OR=1.54, 95% CI=1.43-1.66). The site rs12101255 also conferred a risk of GD in the allele analysis (T vs. C: OR=1.50, 95% CI=1.40-1.60) and all genetic models (TT vs. CC: OR=2.22, 95% CI=1.92-2.57; TT+TC vs. CC: OR=1.66, 95% CI=1.50-1.83; TT vs. TC+CC: OR=1.74, 95% CI=1.53-1.98). Analysis of the relationship between rs179247 and Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) showed no statistically significant correlation (A vs. G: OR=1.02, 95% CI=0.97-1.07). Publication bias was not significant. In conclusion, GD is associated with polymorphisms of TSHR intron 1 rs179247 and rs12101255. There is no association between rs179247 SNPs and GO.
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Lee JY, Kim NK, Cho YW, Lew H. Association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms and susceptibility to Graves' ophthalmopathy. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2276-82. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Disturbances of modulating molecules (FOXP3, CTLA-4/CD28/B7, and CD40/CD40L) mRNA expressions in the orbital tissue from patients with severe graves' ophthalmopathy. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:340934. [PMID: 25653477 PMCID: PMC4306377 DOI: 10.1155/2015/340934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To evaluate the relationship between the expression of orbital tissue mRNA for FOXP3, CTLA-4/CD28/CD80/CD86, and CD40/CD40 and the severity of Graves' orbitopathy (GO). Material and Methods. Orbital tissue was obtained from 26 patients with GO, with mild (n = 6) or severe GO (n = 20), and 7 healthy controls. The expression of mRNA of FOXP3, CTLA-4/CD28/CD80/CD86, CD40/CD40L was measured by RT-PCR. TCR and CD3 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results. Higher mRNA for FoxP3 (relative expression: 1.4) and CD40 (1.27) and lower expression of CTLA-4 (0.61) were found in the GO tissues versus controls. In severe GO as compared to mild GO higher mRNA expression for FoxP3 (1.35) and CD40 (1.4) and lower expression for CTLA-4 (0.78), CD28 (0.62), and CD40L (0.56) were found. A positive correlation was found between FOXP3 mRNA and CD3 infiltration (R = 0.796, P = 0.0000001). Conclusions. The enhanced FOXP3 mRNA expression in GO samples may suggest the dysfunction of FOXP3 cells in the severe GO. The diminished mRNA expression of CTLA-4 in severe GO may indicate inadequate T regulatory function. The enhanced mRNA expression of CD40 in severe GO and negative correlation to CRP mRNA may suggest their role in the active and inactive GO.
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Liu YH, Chen YJ, Wu HH, Wang TY, Tsai FJ. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms at the PRR3, ABCF1, and GNL1 Genes in the HLA Class I Region Are Associated with Graves' Ophthalmopathy in a Gender-Dependent Manner. Ophthalmology 2014; 121:2033-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Guerrero-Domínguez R, López-Herrera-Rodríguez D, Domínguez-Blanco A, Medina-de Moya I, Sánchez-Carrillo F. [Perioperative treatment for the urgent orbital decompression surgery in a 30-weeks pregnant woman with Graves' orbitopathy]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 61:342-5. [PMID: 23835254 DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid ophthalmopathy is a rare extra-thyroid complication usually associated with Graves' disease. This disease can occur in the euthyroid pregnant patient. Graves' orbitopathy is characterized by eyelid retraction, proptosis, extraocular muscle dysfunction, and periorbital edema. In some cases an emergency surgical repair may be required to avoid irreversible vision loss. We present the case of a 35-year-old woman in her 30th gestational week, who suffered from Graves' ophthalmopathy, severe exophthalmia, and visual acuity decrease. Following consultations among anesthesiologists, ophthalmologists, maxillofacial surgeons, endocrinologists, obstetricians and the patient, it was decided to perform a surgical orbital wall decompression. The anesthetic and perioperative implications associated with gestational age and the considerations for this surgical procedure, and how to avoid increasing intraocular pressure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Guerrero-Domínguez
- FEA Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España.
| | | | - A Domínguez-Blanco
- FEA Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España
| | - I Medina-de Moya
- FEA Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España
| | - F Sánchez-Carrillo
- FEA Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España
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Gonzales M, Fratianni C, Mamillapali C, Khardori R. Immunotherapy in miscellaneous medical disorders Graves ophthalmopathy, asthma, and regional painful syndrome. Med Clin North Am 2012; 96:635-54, xi. [PMID: 22703859 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In Graves ophthalmopathy, immunotherapy is offering an opportunity of reducing bad outcomes that lead to disfigurement and impairment of vision. These therapies are not perfect; however, we now have a chance to achieve better outcomes. In asthma, immune therapy using passive immunity targeting key proinflammatory cytokine/chemokines and medications of their effects has opened an avenue of research into a safe and durable therapy. Omalizumab appears to be safe and effective in clinical use. In regional pain syndrome, immune mechanisms may be involved in sustaining long-standing pain, and IVIG may moderate pain sensitivity by reducing immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gonzales
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Strelitz Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Disorders, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 855 West Brambleton Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23510, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a poorly understood autoimmune manifestation most commonly associated with Graves' disease. Current nonspecific treatment paradigms offer symptomatic improvement but fail to target the underlying pathogenic mechanisms, and thus do not significantly alter the long-term disease outcome. The purpose of this review is to provide an update of the current understanding of the immunopathogenesis of TED and explore these mechanisms for targeted immunotherapy. RECENT FINDINGS Orbital fibroblasts are integral to the pathogenesis of TED and may modulate immune responses by production of cytokines and hyaluronan in response to activation of shared autoantigens including thyrotropin receptor and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor. Bone marrow-derived fibrocytes share many of these phenotypic and functional features, suggesting a link between systemic and site-specific disease. Use of targeted immunotherapies in TED is limited, though data from the use Rituximab (RTX), a B-cell depleting agent, are encouraging. Sustained clinical response has been seen with RTX in several reports, despite return of peripheral B-cell levels to pretreatment levels. Additionally, this response appears to be independent of cytokine and antibody production, suggesting modulation of antigen presentation as a mechanism of its effect. SUMMARY Progressive advances in the understanding of the immunopathogenesis of TED continue to spur clinical trials utilizing targeted immune therapies. Continued understanding of the molecular mechanisms of disease will expand potential treatments for TED patients and obviate the need for reconstructive surgical therapies.
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Sadoul JL. [Thyroid ophthalmopathy at the time of European Group On Graves Orbitopathy (EUGOGO)]. Presse Med 2011; 40:1163-73. [PMID: 22119334 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid ophthalmopathy is one of the features of auto-immune thyroid diseases. Exophtalmos is not the only sign of this affection and may even be absent in severe sight-threatening cases. All subjects with this ophtalmopathy should benefit from euthyroidism restoration, smoking withdrawal and local measures. Objective and repeated assessment should identify the mild and stable disease carrying a fair prognosis and therefore recognize without delay the other patients for whom an optimal management will be supported by a multidisciplinary and expert team. The treatment of choice for moderate-to-severe and active ophthalmopathy is intravenous glucocorticoids. Sight-threatening cases not rapidly alleviated by intravenous glucocorticoids warrant surgical decompression. Later on, surgery (orbital decompression, squint surgery, eyelid surgery, in this order) will eventually be needed for inactive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Sadoul
- CHU de Nice, hôpital de l'Archet, service d'endocrinologie-diabétologie-reproduction, BP 3079, 06202 Nice, France.
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Laubner K, Weber WA, Seufert J. [Graves' ophthalmopathy from the internist's perspective]. Ophthalmologe 2011; 108:410-6. [PMID: 21590351 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-010-2185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is the most frequently observed extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease occurring in up to 40% of patients. Most patients with Graves' orbitopathy are tested positive for TSH receptor autoantibodies (TRAb), which are pathognomonic for Graves' disease and also play a central pathogenetic role in the development of GO. For the diagnosis of Graves' disease, symptoms of hyperthyroidism, low TSH and high fT3 and/or fT4 levels and positive TRAbs are typical. All patients with Graves' disease must be regularly examined for extrathyroidal manifestations, especially for Graves' orbitopathy. For hyperthyroidism, treatment with antithyroidal drugs, such as thiamazole or propylthiouracil is initiated to quickly restore euthyroidism, which also frequently leads to improvement of Graves' orbitopathy. Smoking cessation is also heavily mandated. In cases of relapse or ineffective antithyroidal treatment, radioiodine therapy or thyroid surgery is a further definitive therapeutic option to treat hyperthyroidism. The management of Graves' orbitopathy remains clinically challenging and demands involvement of a multidisciplinary team including endocrinologists, ophthalmologists, surgeons, radiotherapists and nuclear medicine specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Laubner
- Schwerpunkt Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Abteilung Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Deutschland
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Liao WL, Chen RH, Lin HJ, Liu YH, Chen WC, Tsai Y, Wan L, Tsai FJ. Toll-like receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to Graves' ophthalmopathy in Taiwan males. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2010; 11:154. [PMID: 21050493 PMCID: PMC2992489 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern-recognition receptors, which plays a role in eliciting innate/adaptive immune responses and developing chronic inflammation. The polymorphisms of TLRs have been associated with the risk of various autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis and rheumatorid arthritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether TLR genes could be used as genetic markers for the development of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). METHODS 6 TLR-4 and 2 TLR-9 gene polymorphisms in 471 GD patients (200 patients with GO and 271 patients without GO) from a Taiwan Chinese population were evaluated. RESULTS No statistically significant difference was observed in the genotypic and allelic frequencies of TLR-4 and TLR-9 gene polymorphisms between the GD patients with and without GO. However, sex-stratified analyses showed that the association between TLR-9 gene polymorphism and GO phenotype was more pronounced in the male patients. The odds ratios (ORs) was 2.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14-3.91) for rs187084 AàG polymorphism and 1.97 (95% CI = 1.07-3.62) for rs352140 AàG polymorphism among the male patients. Increasing one G allele of rs287084 and one A allele of rs352140 increased the risk of GO (p values for trend tests were 0.0195 and 0.0345, respectively). Further, in haplotype analyses, the male patients carrying the GA haplotype had a higher risk of GO (odds ratio [OR] = 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09-3.73) than those not carrying the GA haplotype. CONCLUSION The present data suggest that TLR-9 gene polymorphisms were significantly associated with increased susceptibility of ophthalmopathy in male GD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Liao
- Genetic Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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18
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The association between polymorphisms of B7 molecules (CD80 and CD86) and Graves' ophthalmopathy in a Taiwanese population. Ophthalmology 2010; 118:553-7. [PMID: 20884055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluates whether B7 molecules (CD80 and CD86) could be used as genetic markers for the development of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS We included 471 patients with Graves' disease (GD; 200 patients with GO and 271 patients without GO) in a Chinese population in Taiwan. METHODS An endocrinologist with substantial experience in thyroid diseases identified GO. Blood samples were taken for DNA extraction from GD subjects. The gene polymorphism of CD80 and CD86 was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction in each patient. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Genotypes of CD80 and CD86 polymorphism. RESULTS We found that the frequency of C allele at position rs_9831894 of the CD86 gene is different in patients with GD (with and without GO; chi-square test, P = 0.0017). In addition, the multifactor dimensionality reduction method was used to identify the best gene-gene interaction to predict the risk of GO. We identified an interaction between CD80_rs9289131 and CD86_rs9872483 (sign test, P = 0.0010). Moreover, the G-A haplotype was shown to have a protective effect in the development of ophthalmopathy among patients with GD (odds ratio, 0.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.90). Moreover, among patients with GO, the patients carrying the G-A haplotype had a lower level of free thyroxine T(4) than those not carrying the G-A haplotype (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the polymorphisms of the CD86 gene may be used as genetic markers for making the diagnosis and prognosis of GO. Therefore, GO could be a disease with complex genetic factors, resulting from the existing gene-gene interaction found in the present study.
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Cap J, Ceeova V, Skacha M, Rezek P, Vlcek P, Blaha M. Plasma filtration in the treatment of graves' ophthalmopathy: A randomized study. J Clin Apher 2010; 25:209-15. [DOI: 10.1002/jca.20244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
Graves' orbitopathy is part of an autoimmune systemic disease which compiles hyperthyroidism, orbitopathy, dermopathy and acropachy. Stimulating antibodies against the TSH receptor play the central pathogenetic role. Main symptoms of Graves' orbitopathy comprise soft tissue inflammation, proptosis impairment of ocular motility and lid retraction. Inflammatory reactions of orbital fibroblasts are responsible for the symptoms. To restrict damage anti-inflammatory therapy (mainly systemic steroids, orbital irradiation) is indicated in moderate to severe active disease stages, and surgical orbital decompression in sight threatening states. In mild cases expectant strategy and selenium administration is sufficient. In inactive disease stages surgery is performed to improve appearance and function. Restoring euthyroidism leads to improvement of Graves' orbitopathy in about 60% of the patients. Radioiodine therapy without glucocorticoids is associated with a small but significant risk (15%) of deterioration or relapse. Thyroidectomy is neutral in later stages but may improve Graves' orbitopathy in early active stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Eckstein
- Zentrum für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum, Hufelandstrasse 55 , 45122, Essen, Deutschland.
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Liu GT, Volpe NJ, Galetta SL. Orbital disease in neuro-ophthalmology. Neuroophthalmology 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-2311-1.00018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Khalilzadeh O, Anvari M, Esteghamati A, Mahmoudi M, Tahvildari M, Rashidi A, Khosravi F, Amirzargar A. Graves' ophthalmopathy and gene polymorphisms in interleukin-1alpha, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-1 receptor and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2009; 37:614-9. [PMID: 19702713 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2009.02093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is known to have an important role in pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). Polymorphisms in IL-1 gene have been associated with autoimmune reactions. This study aimed to investigate the association of GO with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL-1 family (IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-1 receptor [IL-1R] and IL-1 receptor antagonist [IL-1RA]). METHODS A total of 57 patients of Graves' disease without GO, 50 patients with GO and 140 healthy controls were enrolled. Patients were recruited consecutively from the outpatient endocrine clinic of a large university general hospital. Cytokine typing was performed by the polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers assay. The allele and genotype frequencies of the following polymorphisms were determined: IL-1alpha (-889C/T), IL-1beta (-511C/T), IL-1beta (+3962C/T), IL-1R (Pst-1 1970C/T) and IL-1RA (Mspa-1 11100C/T). Genotype distributions among patients were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for all polymorphisms. RESULTS Among the five SNPs studied, the frequencies of the T allele and the TT genotype of IL-1alpha (-889C/T) were significantly higher among patients with GO than those without GO (odds ratio [OR] = 2.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.25-3.74; P = 0.006 and 5.67, 95% CI = 1.66-49.34; P = 0.005, respectively). For IL-1RA (Mspa-1 11100C/T), the frequencies of the C allele and the CC genotype were significantly higher among patients with GO (OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.34-4.00; P = 0.004 and 6.73 95% CI = 1.94-23.36; P = 0.004, respectively; P < 0.01). No significant association was found for other SNPs. CONCLUSION This is the first study to show a positive correlation between polymorphisms in the IL-1alpha and IL-1RA genes and susceptibility to GO. These findings promote further research into genetic correlates of GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Khalilzadeh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran, Iran
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Genetic susceptibility to Graves’ ophthalmopathy: the role of polymorphisms in proinflammatory cytokine genes. Eye (Lond) 2009; 24:1058-63. [DOI: 10.1038/eye.2009.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Abstract
Ptosis is a common clinical finding. The many causes of ptosis include involutional (aging), myopathic, neuropathic, congenital, infectious, tumorous, traumatic, and inflammatory processes. This article reviews recent literature on some causes of ptosis and other lid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Kosmorsky
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Mail Code I-30, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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