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Evaluation of lipid metabolism imbalance in HIV-infected patients with metabolic disorders using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 526:30-42. [PMID: 34942169 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and highly active antiretroviral therapy use are associated with the disruption of lipid and glucose metabolism. Herein, a sensitive and robust high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitation of lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) and acylcarnitines (ACs) in human blood serum was developed and validated to investigate them as markers of metabolic disorders in HIV-infected patients. Under optimal extraction and detection conditions, the lower limits of quantification reached 5 ng/mL (LPCs) and 0.1 ng/mL (ACs), and precision and accuracy for both intra- and inter-day analyses were generally below 15%. Serum samples were stable for at least six months when stored at - 80 °C and for at least 12 h when stored at 4 °C or 25 °C. We investigated inter-group differences and associations between the biomarkers and observed a particular volatilitytrend of LPCs and ACs for HIV-infected patients with metabolic disorders. Thus, the developed method can be used for the rapid and sensitive quantitation of LPCs and ACs in vivo to further appraise the process of HIV infection, evaluate interveningmeasures, conduct mechanistic investigations, and further study the utility of LPCs and ACs as biomarkers of HIV infection coupled with metabolic disorders.
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Chai JC, Deik AA, Hua S, Wang T, Hanna DB, Xue X, Haberlen SA, Shah SJ, Suh Y, Lazar JM, Gustafson D, Hodis HN, Landay AL, Anastos K, Post WS, Kaplan RC, Clish CB, Qi Q. Association of Lipidomic Profiles With Progression of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in HIV Infection. JAMA Cardiol 2020; 4:1239-1249. [PMID: 31642867 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2019.4025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Importance Lipid metabolism disruption and excess risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been observed in HIV-infected individuals, but the associations among HIV infection, plasma lipidome, and CVD risk have not been well understood. Objective To evaluate plasma lipidomic profiles and their associations with carotid artery atherosclerosis in individuals with HIV and individuals without HIV. Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective analysis in the Women's Interagency HIV Study and Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study during a 7-year follow-up (from 2004-2006 to 2011-2013) at multicenter HIV cohorts in the United States. The study included 737 participants aged 35 to 55 years (520 with HIV and 217 without HIV) without CVD or carotid artery plaque at baseline. Data were analyzed between April 2017 and July 2019. Exposures Two hundred eleven plasma lipid species. Main Outcomes and Measures Poisson regression was used to examine the associations of baseline lipid species with risk of plaque measured by repeated B-mode carotid artery ultrasonography imaging. Results Of the 737 included participants, 398 (54%) were women, 351 (48%) were African American (non-Hispanic), 156 of 737 (21%) were nonwhite Hispanic, and the mean (SD) age was 45 (6) years. After adjusting for demographic and behavioral factors, we identified 12 lipid species, representing independent signals for 10 lipid classes, associated with risk of plaque. Nine lipid species remained significant after further adjusting for conventional CVD risk factors, although many of them showed moderate to high association with conventional blood lipids (eg, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterols and triglycerides). Cholesteryl ester (16:1) (risk ratio [RR] per standard deviation, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.08-1.52), ceramide (16:0) (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.02-1.63), lysophosphatidylcholine (20:4) (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.05-1.58), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (16:0) (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.05-1.57), phosphatidylethanolamine (38:6) (RR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.08-1.64), phosphatidylethanolamine-plasmalogen (36:2) (RR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.04-1.52), phosphatidylserine-plasmalogen (36:3) (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.00-1.43), and triacylglycerol (54:6) (RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.04-1.54) were associated with increased risk of plaque, while phosphatidylcholine (36:4) (RR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.54-0.77) was associated with decreased risk of plaque. Most of these plaque-increased lipid species showed higher levels in individuals with HIV, particularly among individuals with HIV using antiretroviral therapy compared with individuals without HIV. Network analysis identified 9 lipid modules, and 2 modules composed of triacylglycerols and phosphatidylcholines with long and unsaturated acyl chains, respectively, showed the strongest associations with increased risk of plaque. Conclusions and Relevance This study identified multiple plasma lipid species associated with carotid artery atherosclerosis, and alterations in these lipid species might be associated with HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy. Our data suggest unfavorable associations of long-chain and unsaturated triacylglycerols and phosphatidylcholines with carotid artery plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Choul Chai
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Amy A Deik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Simin Hua
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - David B Hanna
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Xiaonan Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Sabina A Haberlen
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jason M Lazar
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Deborah Gustafson
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Howard N Hodis
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Alan L Landay
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathryn Anastos
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Wendy S Post
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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