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Sousa ARD, Silva LAVD, Brasil SA, Zucchi EM, Ferraz DADS, Magno L, Grangeiro A, Dourado I. "It was unusual but amazing": demand creation for PrEP among adolescents' men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) in Brazil. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2024; 40:e00066423. [PMID: 38775571 PMCID: PMC11105349 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xen066423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the challenges in demand creation for participation in an HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) project in two Brazilian capitals. This qualitative study was conducted with men who have sex with men and transgender women aged 15 to 19 years who lived in two Brazilian state capitals. For this analysis, 27 semi-structured interviews carried out from 2019 to 2020 were evaluated by reflexive thematic content analysis. For participants, PrEP demand creation was essential for their interaction, mediation, bonding, and attachment and proved effective for PrEP acceptability and adherence. Adolescents' narratives showed that the strategies promoted HIV combination prevention, opened up opportunities for recruitment meetings, helped to negotiate with and convince individuals to use PrEP, strengthened peer education, and evoked a feeling of "being with" and "walking together" despite the challenges. Face-to-face or online interactions using social technologies played a crucial role in recruiting adolescents for the project, expanding knowledge on PrEP and other combination prevention strategies and access to health services and self-care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra Assis Brasil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brasil
| | - Eliana Miura Zucchi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Católica de Santos, Santos, Brasil
| | | | - Laio Magno
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brasil
| | | | - Ines Dourado
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brasil
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Rousseau E, Sikkema KJ, Julies RF, Mazer K, O'Malley G, Heffron R, Morton JF, Johnson R, Celum C, Baeten JM, Bekker L. Exploring adolescent girls and young women's PrEP-user profiles: qualitative insights into differentiated PrEP delivery platform selection and engagement in Cape Town, South Africa. J Int AIDS Soc 2024; 27:e26254. [PMID: 38695101 PMCID: PMC11063778 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.26254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW), a priority population for HIV prevention in Africa, show high interest but difficulty in sustained effective use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). With ongoing PrEP scale-up focused on increasing access, it is important to understand what influences AGYW's choice of PrEP delivery platforms. METHODS The POWER implementation study in Cape Town provided PrEP between 2017 and 2020 to AGYW (16-25 years) from four differentiated delivery platforms: mobile clinic, government facility, courier delivery or community-based youth club. Healthcare providers at government and mobile clinics provided PrEP (initiation and refills) as part of comprehensive, integrated sexual and reproductive health services. Courier and youth club platforms provided light-touch PrEP refill services incorporating rapid HIV self-testing. We conducted in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of AGYW who had ≥3 months of PrEP-use and accessed ≥2 PrEP delivery platforms. The thematic analysis explored AGYW's preferences, decision-making and habits related to PrEP access to inform market segmentation. RESULTS We interviewed 26 AGYW (median age 20) PrEP-users between November 2020 and March 2021. AGYW PrEP-users reported accessing different services with, 24 accessing mobile clinics, 17 courier delivery, 9 government health facilities and 6 youth clubs for their PrEP refills. Qualitative findings highlighted four potential behavioural profiles. The "Social PrEP-user" preferred PrEP delivery in peer spaces, such as youth clubs or adolescent-friendly mobile clinics, seeking affirmation and social support for continued PrEP use. The "Convenient PrEP-user" favoured PrEP delivery at easily accessible locations, providing quick (courier) or integrated contraception-PrEP refill visits (mobile and government clinic). The "Independent PrEP-user" preferred PrEP delivery that offered control over delivery times that fit into their schedule, such as the courier service. The "Discreet PrEP-user" highly valued privacy regarding their PrEP use (courier delivery) and avoided delivery options where unintentional disclosure was evident (youth club). Comfort with HIV self-testing had minimal influence on PrEP delivery choice. CONCLUSIONS Market segmentation of AGYW characterizes different types of PrEP-users and has the potential to enhance tailored messaging and campaigns to reach specific segments, with the aim of improving sustained PrEP use and HIV prevention benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzette Rousseau
- Desmond Tutu HIV CentreUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Kathleen J. Sikkema
- Department of Sociomedical SciencesMailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Robin F. Julies
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of the Western CapeCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Katelyn Mazer
- Department of EpidemiologyFielding School of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Gabrielle O'Malley
- Department of Global HealthMedicine and EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Renee Heffron
- Department of MedicineHeersink School of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Jennifer F. Morton
- Department of Global HealthMedicine and EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Rachel Johnson
- Department of Global HealthMedicine and EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Connie Celum
- Department of Global HealthMedicine and EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Jared M. Baeten
- Department of Global HealthMedicine and EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
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Lavoie MCC, Okui L, Blanco N, Stoebenau K, Magidson JF, Gokatweng G, Ikgopoleng K, Charurat ME, Ndwapi N. Feasibility and acceptability of peer-delivered interventions using mHealth for PrEP services among adolescent girls and young women in DREAMS program in Botswana. Glob Health Action 2023; 16:2231256. [PMID: 37462118 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2023.2231256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent girls and young women accounted for 25% of all new HIV infections despite representing only 10% of the population in Sub Saharan Africa. PEPFAR has launched the Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Mentored, and Safe (DREAMS) initiative, a comprehensive HIV prevention program including PrEP services. Among adolescent girls and young women, PrEP adherence is currently sub-optimal. Tailored strategies for adolescent girls and young women to improve access and use of PrEP delivery are urgently needed to maximise its potential. Recommended interventions include peer-delivered interventions using mobile technology. However, data on the feasibility and acceptability of this approach is limited for SSA. OBJECTIVES We assessed the feasibility and perceived acceptability of providing mHealth peer-delivered interventions to support PrEP services among adolescent girls and young women in Botswana. METHODS This cross-sectional study included HIV-negative women aged 18-24 years old seeking health services at DREAMS-supported facilities. Participants completed a survey assessing the feasibility and perceived acceptability of the mHealth peer-delivered interventions, which included the Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM). Descriptive analyses were performed. RESULTS A total of 131 participated in the study. Overall, 89% owned a mobile phone (feasibility). There was no difference in cell phone ownership between participants from rural and urban settings. Among participants, 85% reported interest in participating in a mHealth peer-delivered intervention if it was available to them. Regarding perceived acceptability for mHealthpeer support groups for PrEP, the average score on the AIM was 3.8 out of 5 (SD = 0.8). CONCLUSION mHealthpeer-delivered interventions appear to be feasible and perceived acceptable among adolescent girls and young women in Botswana. This modality should be incorporated into PEPFAR's programmatic toolkit of implementation strategies to improve PrEP services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude C Lavoie
- Division of Global Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for International Health Education and Biosecurity (Ciheb), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lillian Okui
- Center for International Health, Education, and Biosecurity (Ciheb), Maryland Global Initiative Corporation, University of Maryland Baltimore, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Natalia Blanco
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for International Health Education and Biosecurity (Ciheb), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kirsten Stoebenau
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Gadzikanani Gokatweng
- Botswana-University of Maryland School of Medicine Health Initiative (Bummhi), Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Kaizer Ikgopoleng
- Center for International Health, Education, and Biosecurity (Ciheb), Maryland Global Initiative Corporation, University of Maryland Baltimore, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Manhattan E Charurat
- Division of Global Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for International Health Education and Biosecurity (Ciheb), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ndwapi Ndwapi
- Botswana-University of Maryland School of Medicine Health Initiative (Bummhi), Gaborone, Botswana
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Roberts ST, Mancuso N, Williams K, Nabunya HK, Mposula H, Mugocha C, Mvinjelwa P, Garcia M, Szydlo DW, Soto‐Torres L, Ngure K, Hosek S. How a menu of adherence support strategies facilitated high adherence to HIV prevention products among adolescent girls and young women in sub-Saharan Africa: a mixed methods analysis. J Int AIDS Soc 2023; 26:e26189. [PMID: 37936551 PMCID: PMC10630658 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.26189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Effective use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been low among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa. The MTN-034/REACH trial offered AGYW a menu of adherence support strategies and achieved high adherence to both daily oral PrEP and the monthly dapivirine vaginal ring. Understanding how these strategies promoted product use could inform the design of adherence support systems in programmatic settings. METHODS REACH was a randomized crossover trial evaluating the safety of and adherence to the ring and oral PrEP among 247 HIV-negative AGYW (ages 16-21) in South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe from January 2019 to September 2021 (NCT03593655). Adherence support included monthly counselling sessions with drug-level feedback (DLF) plus optional daily short message service (SMS) reminders, weekly phone or SMS check-ins, peer support clubs, "peer buddies" and additional counselling. Counsellors documented adherence support choices and counselling content on standardized forms. Through focus groups, serial in-depth interviews (IDIs) and single IDIs (n = 119 total), we explored participants' experiences with adherence support and how it encouraged product use. RESULTS Participants received counselling at nearly all visits. DLF was provided at 54.3% of sessions and, across sites, 49%-68% received results showing high adherence for oral PrEP, and 73%-89% for the ring. The most popular support strategies were in-person clubs and weekly calls, followed by online clubs, additional counselling and SMS. Preferences differed across sites but were similar for both products. Qualitative results demonstrated that the REACH strategies supported adherence by providing information about HIV and PrEP, continually motivating participants, and supporting the development of behavioural skills and self-efficacy, aligning with the Information, Motivation, and Behavioural Skills (IMB) model. Effectiveness was supported by three foundational pillars: strong interpersonal relationships with counsellors; ongoing, easily accessible support and resources; and establishing trust in the counsellors and study products through counsellor relationships, peer-to-peer exchange and DLF. CONCLUSIONS Implementation programmes could support effective PrEP use by offering a small menu of counsellor- and peer-based support options that are youth-friendly and developmentally appropriate. The same menu options can support both ring and oral PrEP users, though content should be tailored to the individual products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T. Roberts
- Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI InternationalBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Noah Mancuso
- Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI InternationalAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Kristin Williams
- Applied Public Health Research CenterRTI InternationalResearch Triangle ParkNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Hlengiwe Mposula
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV InstituteJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Caroline Mugocha
- University of Zimbabwe Clinical Trials Research CentreHarareZimbabwe
| | | | | | - Daniel W. Szydlo
- Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and PreventionFred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Lydia Soto‐Torres
- Division of AIDSNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Kenneth Ngure
- School of Public HealthJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Sybil Hosek
- Center for Dissemination and Implementation ScienceUniversity of Illinois ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
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Heinrich L, Hernandez AK, Laurie AR. Telehealth Considerations for the Adolescent Patient. Prim Care 2022; 49:597-607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nazli A, Garner A, Gokengin D. Awareness of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men using apps for sexual encounters in Turkiye. Int J STD AIDS 2022; 33:1124-1133. [DOI: 10.1177/09564624221126867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background New HIV diagnoses are rising in Turkiye. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are estimated to be the main driver of the epidemic. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) was proven to be effective in reducing new HIV diagnoses and PrEP recently became available in Turkiye. Objective To assess awareness of and willingness to use PrEP and the level of off-licence use among MSM. Methods An anonymous self-completed questionnaire was sent out over the Hornet Gay Social Network from December 2019 to February 2020, available in Turkish and Arabic. It included 20 questions on HIV and STI testing, PrEP awareness, PrEP use, willingness to use, chemsex and sexual happiness level. Results Overall 4761 respondents who responded to more than 1/3 of the questions were eligible for analyses; 5.5% was Arabic speaking. The mean age was 30.5 years, 31.4% had never tested for HIV, 40.5% knew what PrEP was, the most common source of knowledge was the internet (44.5%), 2.5% (120) had used PrEP in the last 12 months and 1.7% (83) was current users. PrEP users had accessed drugs over the internet (47.6%), pharmacy (23%), and friends (13.8%). Almost 40% were willing to use PrEP in the following 6 months. Younger and Arabic speaking respondents had lower rates of HIV testing ( p = .001) and lower awareness for PrEP than comparators ( p = .004). Conclusion Awareness and willingness to use PrEP is high among MSM in Turkiye. The recent availability of PrEP in the country is a big step forward in terms of prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Nazli
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Alex Garner
- Mpact Global Action for Gay Men’s Health and Rights, California, US
| | - Deniz Gokengin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Patel P, Kerzner M, Reed JB, Sullivan P, El-Sadr WM. Public health implications of adapting HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis programs for virtual service delivery in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022; 8:e37479. [PMID: 35486813 PMCID: PMC9177169 DOI: 10.2196/37479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 threatens to disrupt global progress toward HIV epidemic control. Opportunities exist to leverage ongoing public health responses to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 on HIV services, and novel approaches to care provision might help address both epidemics. Objective As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, novel approaches to maintain comprehensive HIV prevention service delivery are needed. The aim of this study was to summarize the related literature to highlight adaptations that could address potential COVID-19–related service interruptions. Methods We performed a systematic review and searched six databases, OVID/Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Embase, for studies published between January 1, 2010, and October 26, 2021, related to recent technology-based interventions for virtual service delivery. Search terms included “telemedicine,” “telehealth,” “mobile health,” “eHealth,” “mHealth,” “telecommunication,” “social media,” “mobile device,” and “internet,” among others. Of the 6685 abstracts identified, 1259 focused on HIV virtual service delivery, 120 of which were relevant for HIV prevention efforts; 48 pertained to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and 19 of these focused on evaluations of interventions for the virtual service delivery of PrEP. Of the 16 systematic reviews identified, three were specific to PrEP. All 35 papers were reviewed for outcomes of efficacy, feasibility, and/or acceptability. Limitations included heterogeneity of the studies’ methodological approaches and outcomes; thus, a meta-analysis was not performed. We considered the evidence-based interventions found in our review and developed a virtual service delivery model for HIV prevention interventions. We also considered how this platform could be leveraged for COVID-19 prevention and care. Results We summarize 19 studies of virtual service delivery of PrEP and 16 relevant reviews. Examples of technology-based interventions that were effective, feasible, and/or acceptable for PrEP service delivery include: use of SMS, internet, and smartphone apps such as iText (50% [95% CI 16%-71%] reduction in discontinuation of PrEP) and PrEPmate (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.24-5.5.4); telehealth and eHealth platforms for virtual visits such as PrEPTECH and IowaTelePrEP; and platforms for training of health care workers such as Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO). We suggest a virtual service delivery model for PrEP that can be leveraged for COVID-19 using the internet and social media for demand creation, community-based self-testing, telehealth platforms for risk assessment and follow-up, applications for support groups and adherence/appointment reminders, and applications for monitoring. Conclusions Innovations in the virtual service provision of PrEP occurred before COVID-19 but have new relevance during the COVID-19 pandemic. The innovations we describe might strengthen HIV prevention service delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the long run by engaging traditionally hard-to-reach populations, reducing stigma, and creating a more accessible health care platform. These virtual service delivery platforms can mitigate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV services, which can be leveraged to facilitate COVID-19 pandemic control now and for future responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragna Patel
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC COVID-19 Response, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, US
| | - Michael Kerzner
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC COVID-19 Response, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, US
| | | | | | - Wafaa M El-Sadr
- ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, US
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Lin B, Liu J, He W, Pan H, Ma Y, Zhong X. Effect of Reminder System on Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Adherence in Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Prospective Cohort Study Based on WeChat Intervention (Preprint). J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e37936. [PMID: 35969436 PMCID: PMC9412721 DOI: 10.2196/37936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Objective Methods Results Conclusions Trial Registration
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Lin
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaxiu Liu
- School of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei He
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiying Pan
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingjie Ma
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoni Zhong
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing, China
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Rousseau E, Julies RF, Madubela N, Kassim S. Novel Platforms for Biomedical HIV Prevention Delivery to Key Populations - Community Mobile Clinics, Peer-Supported, Pharmacy-Led PrEP Delivery, and the Use of Telemedicine. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2021; 18:500-507. [PMID: 34708316 PMCID: PMC8549812 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-021-00578-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW A gap exists between PrEP interest and PrEP uptake in key populations (KP) for HIV prevention that may be ascribed to PrEP delivery services not being acceptable. This review summarizes novel platforms for HIV prevention outside of the traditional health facilities environment. RECENT FINDINGS Mobile health clinics provide highly acceptable integrated, KP-focused services at convenient locations with the potential of high PrEP uptake. Telemedicine and health apps decongest health systems and allow for personal agency and informed decision-making on personal health. Pharmacy-led PrEP delivery provides de-medicalized, confidential PrEP services at extended hours in community locations, from trusted medical professionals. Peer-supported delivery encourages continued PrEP use. Community-based, differentiated and de-medicalized PrEP delivery can address uptake and continued use barriers in key populations. Future research should assess scalability, cost-effectiveness and sustainability of these PrEP delivery platforms, as well as focus on ways to simplify PrEP provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rousseau
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - R F Julies
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - N Madubela
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Kassim
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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