1
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Zhang J, Liu S, Ding W, Wan J, Qin JJ, Wang M. Resolution of inflammation, an active process to restore the immune microenvironment balance: A novel drug target for treating arterial hypertension. Ageing Res Rev 2024:102352. [PMID: 38857706 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The resolution of inflammation, the other side of the inflammatory response, is defined as an active and highly coordinated process that promotes the restoration of immune microenvironment balance and tissue repair. Inflammation resolution involves several key processes, including dampening proinflammatory signaling, specialized proresolving lipid mediator (SPM) production, nonlipid proresolving mediator production, efferocytosis and regulatory T-cell (Treg) induction. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the effects of inflammation resolution on hypertension. Furthermore, our previous studies reported the antihypertensive effects of SPMs. Therefore, in this review, we aim to summarize and discuss the detailed association between arterial hypertension and inflammation resolution. Additional, the association between gut microbe-mediated immune and hypertension is discussed. This findings suggested that accelerating the resolution of inflammation can have beneficial effects on hypertension and its related organ damage. Exploring novel drug targets by focusing on various pathways involved in accelerating inflammation resolution will contribute to the treatment and control of hypertensive diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishou Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China; Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Juan-Juan Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Center for Healthy Aging, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan, China.
| | - Menglong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China.
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2
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Yang B, Qiao Y, Yan D, Meng Q. Targeting Interactions between Fibroblasts and Macrophages to Treat Cardiac Fibrosis. Cells 2024; 13:764. [PMID: 38727300 PMCID: PMC11082988 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition is a defining feature of cardiac fibrosis. Most notably, it is characterized by a significant change in the concentration and volume fraction of collagen I, a disproportionate deposition of collagen subtypes, and a disturbed ECM network arrangement, which directly affect the systolic and diastolic functions of the heart. Immune cells that reside within or infiltrate the myocardium, including macrophages, play important roles in fibroblast activation and consequent ECM remodeling. Through both direct and indirect connections to fibroblasts, monocyte-derived macrophages and resident cardiac macrophages play complex, bidirectional, regulatory roles in cardiac fibrosis. In this review, we discuss emerging interactions between fibroblasts and macrophages in physiology and pathologic conditions, providing insights for future research aimed at targeting macrophages to combat cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Center for Organoid and Regeneration Medicine, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Guangzhou 511466, China;
| | - Yan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China;
| | - Dong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Qinghang Meng
- Center for Organoid and Regeneration Medicine, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Guangzhou 511466, China;
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3
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Jin J, Wang Y, Liu Y, Chakrabarti S, Su Z. Cardiac resident macrophages: Spatiotemporal distribution, development, physiological functions, and their translational potential on cardiac diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1483-1493. [PMID: 38572111 PMCID: PMC10985034 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac resident macrophages (CRMs) are the main population of cardiac immune cells. The role of these cells in regeneration, functional remodeling, and repair after cardiac injury is always the focus of research. However, in recent years, their dynamic changes and contributions in physiological states have a significant attention. CRMs have specific phenotypes and functions in different cardiac chambers or locations of the heart and at different stages. They further show specific differentiation and development processes. The present review will summarize the new progress about the spatiotemporal distribution, potential developmental regulation, and their roles in cardiac development and aging as well as the translational potential of CRMs on cardiac diseases. Of course, the research tools for CRMs, their respective advantages and disadvantages, and key issues on CRMs will further be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yurou Wang
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yueqin Liu
- Center Laboratory, the Fourth People's Hospital of Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang 212008, China
| | - Subrata Chakrabarti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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4
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Barrère-Lemaire S, Vincent A, Jorgensen C, Piot C, Nargeot J, Djouad F. Mesenchymal stromal cells for improvement of cardiac function following acute myocardial infarction: a matter of timing. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:659-725. [PMID: 37589393 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00009.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of cardiovascular death and remains the most common cause of heart failure. Reopening of the occluded artery, i.e., reperfusion, is the only way to save the myocardium. However, the expected benefits of reducing infarct size are disappointing due to the reperfusion paradox, which also induces specific cell death. These ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) lesions can account for up to 50% of final infarct size, a major determinant for both mortality and the risk of heart failure (morbidity). In this review, we provide a detailed description of the cell death and inflammation mechanisms as features of I/R injury and cardioprotective strategies such as ischemic postconditioning as well as their underlying mechanisms. Due to their biological properties, the use of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) has been considered a potential therapeutic approach in AMI. Despite promising results and evidence of safety in preclinical studies using MSCs, the effects reported in clinical trials are not conclusive and even inconsistent. These discrepancies were attributed to many parameters such as donor age, in vitro culture, and storage time as well as injection time window after AMI, which alter MSC therapeutic properties. In the context of AMI, future directions will be to generate MSCs with enhanced properties to limit cell death in myocardial tissue and thereby reduce infarct size and improve the healing phase to increase postinfarct myocardial performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Barrère-Lemaire
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
- LabEx Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Université de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Anne Vincent
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
- LabEx Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Université de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Piot
- Département de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Clinique du Millénaire, Montpellier, France
| | - Joël Nargeot
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
- LabEx Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Université de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Farida Djouad
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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5
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Zhang M, Wei J, Sun Y, He C, Ma S, Pan X, Zhu X. The efferocytosis process in aging: Supporting evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic prospects for age-related diseases. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00109-7. [PMID: 38499245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is characterized by an ongoing struggle between the buildup of damage caused by a combination of external and internal factors. Aging has different effects on phagocytes, including impaired efferocytosis. A deficiency in efferocytosis can cause chronic inflammation, aging, and several other clinical disorders. AIM OF REVIEW Our review underscores the possible feasibility and extensive scope of employing dual targets in various age-related diseases to reduce the occurrence and progression of age-related diseases, ultimately fostering healthy aging and increasing lifespan. Key scientific concepts of review Hence, the concurrent implementation of strategies aimed at augmenting efferocytic mechanisms and anti-aging treatments has the potential to serve as a potent intervention for extending the duration of a healthy lifespan. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the concept and physiological effects of efferocytosis. Subsequently, we investigated the association between efferocytosis and the hallmarks of aging. Finally, we discuss growing evidence regarding therapeutic interventions for age-related disorders, focusing on the physiological processes of aging and efferocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Chang He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Shiyin Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xudong Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
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6
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Stougiannou TM, Christodoulou KC, Dimarakis I, Mikroulis D, Karangelis D. To Repair a Broken Heart: Stem Cells in Ischemic Heart Disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2181-2208. [PMID: 38534757 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in contemporary medical and surgical therapies, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a significant cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality; more specifically, ischemic heart disease (IHD) may affect individuals as young as 20 years old. Typically managed with guideline-directed medical therapy, interventional or surgical methods, the incurred cardiomyocyte loss is not always completely reversible; however, recent research into various stem cell (SC) populations has highlighted their potential for the treatment and perhaps regeneration of injured cardiac tissue, either directly through cellular replacement or indirectly through local paracrine effects. Different stem cell (SC) types have been employed in studies of infarcted myocardium, both in animal models of myocardial infarction (MI) as well as in clinical studies of MI patients, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), Muse cells, multipotent stem cells such as bone marrow-derived cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cardiac stem and progenitor cells (CSC/CPCs). These have been delivered as is, in the form of cell therapies, or have been used to generate tissue-engineered (TE) constructs with variable results. In this text, we sought to perform a narrative review of experimental and clinical studies employing various stem cells (SC) for the treatment of infarcted myocardium within the last two decades, with an emphasis on therapies administered through thoracic incision or through percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), to elucidate possible mechanisms of action and therapeutic effects of such cell therapies when employed in a surgical or interventional manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora M Stougiannou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Konstantinos C Christodoulou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ioannis Dimarakis
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dimitrios Mikroulis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dimos Karangelis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
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7
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Jamalvandi M, Khayyatzadeh SS, Hayati MJ, Gheibihayat SM. The role of fat-soluble vitamins in efferocytosis. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3972. [PMID: 38500392 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Cell death and the efficient removal of dead cells are two basic mechanisms that maintain homeostasis in multicellular organisms. efferocytosis, which includes four steps recruitment, recognition, binding and signaling, and engulfment. Effectively and quickly removes apoptotic cells from the body. Any alteration in efferocytosis can lead to several diseases, including autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, atherosclerosis, and cancer. A wide range of dietary components affects apoptosis and, subsequently, efferocytosis. Some vitamins, including fat-soluble vitamins, affect different stages of efferocytosis. Among other things, by affecting macrophages, they are effective in the apoptotic cleansing of cells. Also, polyphenols indirectly intervene in efferocytosis through their effect on apoptosis. Considering that there are limited articles on the effect of nutrition on efferocytosis, in this article we will examine the effect of some dietary components on efferocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Jamalvandi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Hayati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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8
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Ma Y, Kemp SS, Yang X, Wu MH, Yuan SY. Cellular mechanisms underlying the impairment of macrophage efferocytosis. Immunol Lett 2023; 254:41-53. [PMID: 36740099 PMCID: PMC9992097 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The phagocytosis and clearance of dying cells by macrophages, a process termed efferocytosis, is essential for both maintaining homeostasis and promoting tissue repair after infection or sterile injury. If not removed in a timely manner, uncleared cells can undergo secondary necrosis, and necrotic cells lose membrane integrity, release toxic intracellular components, and potentially induce inflammation or autoimmune diseases. Efferocytosis also initiates the repair process by producing a wide range of pro-reparative factors. Accumulating evidence has revealed that macrophage efferocytosis defects are involved in the development and progression of a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The underlying mechanisms of efferocytosis impairment are complex, disease-dependent, and incompletely understood. In this review, we will first summarize the current knowledge about the normal signaling and metabolic processes of macrophage efferocytosis and its importance in maintaining tissue homeostasis and repair. We then will focus on analyzing the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying efferocytotic abnormality (impairment) in disease or injury conditions. Next, we will discuss the potential molecular targets for enhanced efferocytosis in animal models of disease. To provide a balanced view, we will also discuss some deleterious effects of efferocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Ma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Scott S Kemp
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Mack H Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Sarah Y Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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9
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Li T, Yan Z, Fan Y, Fan X, Li A, Qi Z, Zhang J. Cardiac repair after myocardial infarction: A two-sided role of inflammation-mediated. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1077290. [PMID: 36698953 PMCID: PMC9868426 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1077290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and the development of new treatments can help reduce the size of myocardial infarction and prevent adverse cardiovascular events. Cardiac repair after myocardial infarction can effectively remove necrotic tissue, induce neovascularization, and ultimately replace granulation tissue. Cardiac inflammation is the primary determinant of whether beneficial cardiac repair occurs after myocardial infarction. Immune cells mediate inflammatory responses and play a dual role in injury and protection during cardiac repair. After myocardial infarction, genetic ablation or blocking of anti-inflammatory pathways is often harmful. However, enhancing endogenous anti-inflammatory pathways or blocking endogenous pro-inflammatory pathways may improve cardiac repair after myocardial infarction. A deficiency of neutrophils or monocytes does not improve overall cardiac function after myocardial infarction but worsens it and aggravates cardiac fibrosis. Several factors are critical in regulating inflammatory genes and immune cells' phenotypes, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. Therefore, strict control and timely suppression of the inflammatory response, finding a balance between inflammatory cells, preventing excessive tissue degradation, and avoiding infarct expansion can effectively reduce the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction. This article reviews the involvement of neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and regulatory T cells in cardiac repair after myocardial infarction. After myocardial infarction, neutrophils are the first to be recruited to the damaged site to engulf necrotic cell debris and secrete chemokines that enhance monocyte recruitment. Monocytes then infiltrate the infarct site and differentiate into macrophages and they release proteases and cytokines that are harmful to surviving myocardial cells in the pre-infarct period. As time progresses, apoptotic neutrophils are cleared, the recruitment of anti-inflammatory monocyte subsets, the polarization of macrophages toward the repair phenotype, and infiltration of regulatory T cells, which secrete anti-inflammatory factors that stimulate angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation for cardiac repair. We also explored how epigenetic modifications regulate the phenotype of inflammatory genes and immune cells to promote cardiac repair after myocardial infarction. This paper also elucidates the roles of alarmin S100A8/A9, secreted frizzled-related protein 1, and podoplanin in the inflammatory response and cardiac repair after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhipeng Yan
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yajie Fan
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinbiao Fan
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Aolin Li
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongwen Qi
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Zhongwen Qi,
| | - Junping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China,Junping Zhang,
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10
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Weng X, Tan H, Huang Z, Chen J, Zhang N, Wang Q, Li Q, Gao J, Sun D, Yakufu W, Wang Z, Li W, Zhu G, Pang Z, Song Y, Qian J, Ge J. Targeted delivery and ROS-responsive release of Resolvin D1 by platelet chimeric liposome ameliorates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:454. [PMID: 36266658 PMCID: PMC9585729 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolvin D1 (RvD1) has been shown to provide effective protection against ischemia–reperfusion injury in multiple vital organs such as the heart, brain, kidney. However, the clinical translational potential of systemic administration of RvD1 in the treatment of ischemia–reperfusion injury is greatly limited due to biological instability and lack of targeting ability. Combining the natural inflammatory response and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction after reperfusion injury, we developed a platelet-bionic, ROS-responsive RvD1 delivery platform. The resulting formulation enables targeted delivery of RvD1 to the injury site by hijacking circulating chemotactic monocytes, while achieving locally controlled release. In a mouse model of myocardial ischemia repefusuin (MI/R) injury, intravenous injection of our formula resulted in the enrichment of RvD1 in the injured area, which in turn promotes clearance of dead cells, production of specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), and angiogenesis during injury repair, effectively improving cardiac function. This delivery system integrates drug bio-protection, targeted delivery and controlled release, which endow it with great clinical translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Weng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases , Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haipeng Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases , Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zheyong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases , Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases , Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases , Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiaozi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases , Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiyu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases , Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinfeng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases , Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dili Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases , Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wusiman Yakufu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases , Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhengmin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases , Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weiyan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases , Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guangrui Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases , Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhiqing Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yanan Song
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases , Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Juying Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases , Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases , Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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11
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Li Q, Li Y, Huang W, Wang X, Liu Z, Chen J, Fan Y, Peng T, Sadayappan S, Wang Y, Fan GC. Loss of Lipocalin 10 Exacerbates Diabetes-Induced Cardiomyopathy via Disruption of Nr4a1-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory Response in Macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:930397. [PMID: 35757735 PMCID: PMC9226549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.930397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders (i.e., hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hyperinsulinemia) cause increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, leading to gradual loss of cardiac resident macrophage population and increased accumulation of inflammatory monocytes/macrophages in the heart. Such self-perpetuating effect may contribute to the development of cardiomyopathy during diabetes. Recent meta-analysis data reveal that lipocalin 10 (Lcn10) is significantly downregulated in cardiac tissue of patients with heart failure but is increased in the blood of septic patients. However, the functional role of Lcn10 in cardiac inflammation triggered by metabolic disorders has never been investigated. In this study, we demonstrate that the expression of Lcn10 in macrophages was significantly decreased under multiple metabolic stress conditions. Furthermore, Lcn10-null macrophages exhibited pro-inflammatory phenotype in response to inflammation stimuli. Next, using a global Lcn10-knockout (KO) mouse model to induce type-2 diabetes (T2D), we observed that loss of Lcn10 promoted more pro-inflammatory macrophage infiltration into the heart, compared to controls, leading to aggravated insulin resistance and impaired cardiac function. Similarly, adoptive transfer of Lcn10-KO bone marrow cells into X-ray irradiated mice displayed higher ratio of pro-/anti-inflammatory macrophages in the heart and worsened cardiac function than those mice received wild-type (WT) bone marrows upon T2D conditions. Mechanistically, RNA-sequencing analysis showed that Nr4a1, a nuclear receptor known to have potent anti-inflammatory effects, is involved in Lcn10-mediated macrophage activation. Indeed, we found that nuclear translocation of Nr4a1 was disrupted in Lcn10-KO macrophages upon stimulation with LPS + IFNγ. Accordingly, treatment with Cytosporone B (CsnB), an agonist of Nr4a1, attenuated the pro-inflammatory response in Lcn10-null macrophages and partially improved cardiac function in Lcn10-KO diabetic mice. Together, these findings indicate that loss of Lcn10 skews macrophage polarization to pro-inflammatory phenotype and aggravates cardiac dysfunction during type-2 diabetes through the disruption of Nr4a1-mediated anti-inflammatory signaling pathway in macrophages. Therefore, reduction of Lcn10 expression observed in diabetic macrophages may be responsible for the pathogenesis of diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction. It suggests that Lcn10 might be a potential therapeutic factor for diabetic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Yutian Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Zhenling Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Yanbo Fan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Tianqing Peng
- The Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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12
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Bozzi M, Parisi V, Poggio P. Macrophages in the heart: Active players or simple bystanders? INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 368:109-141. [PMID: 35636926 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Today, more and more studies focus on the processes in which macrophages are involved. These discoveries provide new perspectives on the cellular mechanisms that regulate the physiological functions of the healthy heart. Moreover, they offer a deeper knowledge of the pathologic processes underlying the onset and the evolution of specific cardiac impairment. The heterogeneous population of macrophages within the heart can be divided by origin, expression profile, and function. The pool of cardiac macrophages includes at least two distinct subsets with different ontogeny. The first one has an embryonic origin, deriving from the yolk sac and the fetal liver, while the other macrophage subset results from the postnatal recruitment of monocytes produced in the bone marrow. This review will focus on new phenotypes and functions of cardiac macrophages that have been identified in the last years and that need to be deeply studied to unveil new potential therapies aimed at treating cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Bozzi
- Unit for the Study of Aortic, Valvular, and Coronary Pathologies, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Parisi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Poggio
- Unit for the Study of Aortic, Valvular, and Coronary Pathologies, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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13
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Suku M, Forrester L, Biggs M, Monaghan MG. Resident Macrophages and Their Potential in Cardiac Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2022; 28:579-591. [PMID: 34088222 PMCID: PMC9242717 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Many facets of tissue engineered models aim at understanding cellular mechanisms to recapitulate in vivo behavior, to study and mimic diseases for drug interventions, and to provide a better understanding toward improving regenerative medicine. Recent and rapid advances in stem cell biology, material science and engineering, have made the generation of complex engineered tissues much more attainable. One such tissue, human myocardium, is extremely intricate, with a number of different cell types. Recent studies have unraveled cardiac resident macrophages as a critical mediator for normal cardiac function. Macrophages within the heart exert phagocytosis and efferocytosis, facilitate electrical conduction, promote regeneration, and remove cardiac exophers to maintain homeostasis. These findings underpin the rationale of introducing macrophages to engineered heart tissue (EHT), to more aptly capitulate in vivo physiology. Despite the lack of studies using cardiac macrophages in vitro, there is enough evidence to accept that they will be key to making EHTs more physiologically relevant. In this review, we explore the rationale and feasibility of using macrophages as an additional cell source in engineered cardiac tissues. Impact statement Macrophages play a critical role in cardiac homeostasis and in disease. Over the past decade, we have come to understand the many vital roles played by cardiac resident macrophages in the heart, including immunosurveillance, regeneration, electrical conduction, and elimination of exophers. There is a need to improve our understanding of the resident macrophage population in the heart in vitro, to better recapitulate the myocardium through tissue engineered models. However, obtaining them in vitro remains a challenge. Here, we discuss the importance of cardiac resident macrophages and potential ways to obtain cardiac resident macrophages in vitro. Finally, we critically discuss their potential in realizing impactful in vitro models of cardiac tissue and their impact in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Suku
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- CURAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lesley Forrester
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Manus Biggs
- CURAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael G. Monaghan
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- CURAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Advanced Materials for Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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14
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Chen MS, Lee RT, Garbern JC. Senescence mechanisms and targets in the heart. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1173-1187. [PMID: 33963378 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest associated with ageing. Senescence of different cardiac cell types can direct the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and cardiac fibrosis. While age-related telomere shortening represents a major cause of replicative senescence, the senescent state can also be induced by oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction, and epigenetic regulation, among other stressors. It is critical that we understand the molecular pathways that lead to cellular senescence and the consequences of cellular senescence in order to develop new therapeutic approaches to treat cardiovascular disease. In this review, we discuss molecular mechanisms of cellular senescence, explore how cellular senescence of different cardiac cell types (including cardiomyocytes, cardiac endothelial cells, cardiac fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle cells, valve interstitial cells) can lead to cardiovascular disease, and highlight potential therapeutic approaches that target molecular mechanisms of cellular senescence to prevent or treat cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie S Chen
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Richard T Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jessica C Garbern
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138.,Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
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15
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Wang XT, Peng Z, An YY, Shang T, Xiao G, He S, Chen X, Zhang H, Wang Y, Wang T, Zhang JH, Gao X, Zhu Y, Feng Y. Paeoniflorin and Hydroxysafflor Yellow A in Xuebijing Injection Attenuate Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction and Inhibit Proinflammatory Cytokine Production. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:614024. [PMID: 33986658 PMCID: PMC8112230 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.614024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction is a major contributor to the poor outcomes of septic shock. As an add-on with conventional sepsis management for over 15 years, the effect of Xuebijing injection (XBJ) on the sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction was not well understood. The material basis of Xuebijing injection (XBJ) in managing infections and infection-related complications remains to be defined. A murine cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model and cardiomyocytes in vitro culture were adopted to study the influence of XBJ on infection-induced cardiac dysfunction. XBJ significantly improved the survival of septic-mice and rescued cardiac dysfunction in vivo. RNA-seq revealed XBJ attenuated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and related signalings in the heart which was further confirmed on the mRNA and protein levels. Xuebijing also protected cardiomyocytes from LPS-induced mitochondrial calcium ion overload and reduced the LPS-induced ROS production in cardiomyocytes. The therapeutic effect of XBJ was mediated by the combination of paeoniflorin and hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) (C0127-2). C0127-2 improved the survival of septic mice, protected their cardiac function and cardiomyocytes while balancing gene expression in cytokine-storm-related signalings, such as TNF-α and NF-κB. In summary, Paeoniflorin and HSYA are key active compounds in XBJ for managing sepsis, protecting cardiac function, and controlling inflammation in the cardiac tissue partially by limiting the production of IL-6, IL-1β, and CXCL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying-Ying An
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangxu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun-Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
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16
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Kim Y, Nurakhayev S, Nurkesh A, Zharkinbekov Z, Saparov A. Macrophage Polarization in Cardiac Tissue Repair Following Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2715. [PMID: 33800220 PMCID: PMC7962533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity around the globe, creating a substantial socio-economic burden as a result. Myocardial infarction is a significant contributor to the detrimental impact of cardiovascular disease. The death of cardiomyocytes following myocardial infarction causes an immune response which leads to further destruction of tissue, and subsequently, results in the formation of non-contractile scar tissue. Macrophages have been recognized as important regulators and participants of inflammation and fibrosis following myocardial infarction. Macrophages are generally classified into two distinct groups, namely, classically activated, or M1 macrophages, and alternatively activated, or M2 macrophages. The phenotypic profile of cardiac macrophages, however, is much more diverse and should not be reduced to these two subsets. In this review, we describe the phenotypes and functions of macrophages which are present in the healthy, as well as the infarcted heart, and analyze them with respect to M1 and M2 polarization states. Furthermore, we discuss therapeutic strategies which utilize macrophage polarization towards an anti-inflammatory or reparative phenotype for the treatment of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Arman Saparov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (Y.K.); (S.N.); (A.N.); (Z.Z.)
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