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Babacanoğlu Çakır E. In ovo injection of testosterone to yolk sac modulates early posthatching development and physiology of male chick in broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103389. [PMID: 38215506 PMCID: PMC10825346 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of in ovo testosterone injection into the yolk sac of embryos on physiology and development of broiler chicks during the early posthatching period. A total of 1,010 hatching eggs were obtained from the Ross genotype. Trial design was conducted with a noninjected group (control) and injection groups in which 100 µL sesame oil, or 100 µL sesame oil + 0.50 µmol testosterone were injected into the yolk sac of the embryo on d 6 or d 12 of incubation. Testosterone hormone level was measured in the egg yolk and albumen at onset of incubation, in the yolk sac on d 19 of incubation and in the residual yolk sac at hatching. Weights of chick, yolk sac and organ, morphological traits (body length, lengths of bilateral traits and beak length), asymmetrical development of bilateral morphological traits and body mass index were measured at hatching and on d 7 after hatching. Testosterone, corticosterone and growth hormone levels were determined in blood plasma obtained from male chicks at hatching and on d 7 of chick age. Chick weight was not affected, plasma testosterone level and brain weight decreased, while body mass index, plasma corticosterone and growth hormone levels increased by administering 0.50 µmol testosterone on d 12 of embryonic age. However, plasma testosterone and growth hormone levels did not change, chick weight increased, while plasma corticosterone level and the chick body length decreased by administering 0.50 µmol testosterone on d 6 of embryonic age. A significant interaction between chick age and in ovo testosterone administration resulted in an increase in lung weight of chicks. In conclusion, this study found that in ovo testosterone administered at different embryonic ages due to age-specific effects of testosterone in the yolk sac of embryo modulates development related to physiological parameters of male broiler chicks during early posthatching period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Babacanoğlu Çakır
- Faculty of Agriculture, Animal Science Department, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, 65800, Turkey.
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Zhao Z, Yang H, Wang Z, Ai Z, Yang R, Wang Z, Wang T, Fu K, Zhang Y. Metabolomics analysis of the yolk of Zhijin white goose during the embryogenesis based on LC-MS/MS. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297429. [PMID: 38335168 PMCID: PMC10857567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The egg yolk of the goose is rich in lipids, proteins and minerals, which is the main source of nutrition during the goose embryogenesis. Actually, the magnitude and variety of nutrients in yolk are dynamically changed to satisfy the nutritional requirements of different growth and development periods. The yolk sac membrane (YSM) plays a role in metabolizing and absorbing nutrients from the yolk, which are then consumed by the embryo or extra-fetal tissues. Therefore, identification of metabolites in egg yolk can help to reveal nutrient requirement in goose embryo. In this research, to explore the metabolite changes in egg yolk at embryonic day (E) 7, E12, E18, E23, and E28, we performed the assay using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The findings showed that E7 and E12, E23 and E28 were grouped together, while E18 was significantly separated from other groups, indicating the changes of egg yolk development and metabolism. In total, 1472 metabolites were identified in the egg yolk of Zhijin white goose, and 636 differential metabolites (DMs) were screened, among which 264 were upregulated and 372 were downregulated. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the DMs were enriched in the biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids, digestion and absorption of protein, citrate cycle (TCA cycle), aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, phosphotransferase system (PTS), mineral absorption, cholesterol metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism. Our study may provide new ideas for improving prehatch embryonic health and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Yang
- Bijie City Animal Husbandry Station, Bijie, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaobi Ai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Runqian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiansong Wang
- Agricultural College, Tongren Polytechnic College, Tongren, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaibin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Harry GJ. Developmental Associations between Neurovascularization and Microglia Colonization. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1281. [PMID: 38279280 PMCID: PMC10816009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The temporal and spatial pattern of microglia colonization and vascular infiltration of the nervous system implies critical associated roles in early stages of nervous system development. Adding to existing reviews that cover a broad spectrum of the various roles of microglia during brain development, the current review will focus on the developmental ontogeny and interdependency between the colonization of the nervous system with yolk sac derived macrophages and vascularization. Gaining a better understanding of the timing and the interdependency of these two processes will significantly contribute to the interpretation of data generated regarding alterations in either process during early development. Additionally, such knowledge should provide a framework for understanding the influence of the early gestational environmental and the impact of genetics, disease, disorders, or exposures on the early developing nervous system and the potential for long-term and life-time effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jean Harry
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
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Wei YL, Lin XC, Liu YY, Lei YQ, Zhuang XD, Zhang HT, Wang XR. Effects of water fluoridation on early embryonic development of zebrafish. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 270:115907. [PMID: 38176185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Fluoride has strong electronegativity and exposes diversely in nature. Water fluoridation is the most pervasive form of occurrence, representing a significant threat to human health. In this study, we investigate the morphometric and physiological alterations triggered by fluoride stimulation during the embryogenesis of zebrafish and reveal its putative effects of stage- and/or dose-dependent. Fluoride exhibits potent biological activity and can be extensively absorbed by the yolk sac, exerting significant effects on the development of multiple organs. This is primarily manifested as restricted nutrient utilization and elevated levels of lipid peroxidation, further leading to the accumulation of superoxide in the yolk sac, liver, and intestines. Moreover, pericardial edema exerts pressure on the brain and eye development, resulting in spinal curvature and reduced body length. Besides, acute fluoride exposure with varying concentrations has led to diverse teratogenic outcomes. A low dose of water fluoridation tends to induce abnormal development of the embryonic yolk sac, while vascular malformation is widely observed in all fluoride-treated groups. The effect of fluoride exposure on blood circulation is universally present, even in zebrafish larvae that do not exhibit obvious deformities. Their swimming behavior is also affected by water fluoridation, resulting in reduced activity and delayed reactions. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the monitoring of environmental quality related to water fluoridation and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lan Wei
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Xin-Chen Lin
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Ying-Ying Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Yu-Qing Lei
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhuang
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Hai-Tao Zhang
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Xin-Rui Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China.
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5
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Yuan W, Xiao Y, Zhang Y, Xiang K, Huang T, Diaby M, Gao J. Apoptotic mechanism of development inhibition in zebrafish induced by esketamine. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 482:116789. [PMID: 38103741 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Esketamine, a widely used intravenous general anesthetic, is also employed for obstetric and pediatric anesthesia, and depression treatment. However, concerns regarding esketamine abuse have emerged. Moreover, the potential in vivo toxicity of esketamine on growth and development remains unclear. To address these concerns, we investigated the effects of esketamine exposure on developmental parameters, cell apoptosis, and gene expression in zebrafish. Esketamine exposure concentration-dependently decreased the heart rate and body length of zebrafish embryos/larvae while increasing the hatching rate and spontaneous movement frequency. Developmental retardation of zebrafish larvae, including shallow pigmentation, small eyes, and delayed yolk sac absorption, was also observed following esketamine treatment. Esketamine exposure altered the expression of apoptosis-related genes in zebrafish heads, primarily downregulating bax, caspase9, caspase3, caspase6, and caspase7. Intriguingly, BTSA1, a Bax agonist, reversed the anti-apoptotic and decelerated body growth effects of esketamine in zebrafish. Collectively, our findings suggest that esketamine may hinder embryonic development by inhibiting embryonic apoptosis via the Bax/Caspase9/Caspase3 pathway. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the lethal toxicity of esketamine in zebrafish. We have elucidated the developmental toxic effects of esketamine on zebrafish larvae and its potential apoptotic mechanisms. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the safety of esketamine in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Yuan
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesia, Emergency and Critical Care, Yangzhou University Affiliated Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinggang Xiao
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesia, Emergency and Critical Care, Yangzhou University Affiliated Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesia, Emergency and Critical Care, Yangzhou University Affiliated Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kuilin Xiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianfeng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesia, Emergency and Critical Care, Yangzhou University Affiliated Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mohamed Diaby
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ju Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesia, Emergency and Critical Care, Yangzhou University Affiliated Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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6
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Splichalova I, Mass E. Fate-Mapping of Yolk Sac-Derived Macrophages. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2713:129-137. [PMID: 37639119 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3437-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the distinct functions of yolk-sac-derived tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) and bone-marrow-derived macrophages in homeostasis and disease, it is important to trace the ontogeny of these cells. The majority of TRMs originate from erythro-myeloid progenitors (EMPs). EMPs develop into pre-macrophages (pMacs), which can be detected starting at embryonic developmental day (E)9.0, and which give rise to all TRM during early development. pMacs start expressing the gene Cx3cr1, allowing us to genetically target the early yolk-sac wave of pMacs and their progeny. Here, we describe the protocol for the identification of yolk sac-derived TRMs utilizing in utero labelling of the inducible fate mapping Cx3cr1CreERT; Rosa26LSL-eYFP mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Splichalova
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elvira Mass
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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7
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Zhao YX, Song JY, Bao XW, Zhang JL, Wu JC, Wang LY, He C, Shao W, Bai XL, Liang TB, Sheng JP. Single-cell RNA sequencing-guided fate-mapping toolkit delineates the contribution of yolk sac erythro-myeloid progenitors. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113364. [PMID: 37922312 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythro-myeloid progenitors of the yolk sac that originates during early embryo development has been suggested to generate tissue-resident macrophage, mast cell, and even endothelial cell populations from fetal to adult stages. However, the heterogeneity of erythro-myeloid progenitors (EMPs) is not well characterized. Here, we adapt single-cell RNA sequencing to dissect the heterogeneity of EMPs and establish several fate-mapping tools for each EMP subset to trace the contributions of different EMP subsets. We identify two primitive and one definitive EMP subsets from the yolk sac. In addition, we find that primitive EMPs are decoupled from definitive EMPs. Furthermore, we confirm that primitive and definitive EMPs give rise to microglia and other tissue-resident macrophages, respectively. In contrast, only Kit+ Csf1r- primitive EMPs generate endothelial cells transiently during early embryo development. Overall, our results delineate the contribution of yolk sac EMPs more clearly based on the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq)-guided fate-mapping toolkit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y X Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310002, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310002, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - J Y Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310002, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310002, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - X W Bao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - J L Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310002, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310002, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - J C Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310002, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310002, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - L Y Wang
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - C He
- Infinity Scope Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - W Shao
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210000, China.
| | - X L Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310002, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310002, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310002, China.
| | - T B Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310002, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310002, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310002, China.
| | - J P Sheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310002, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310002, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310002, China.
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8
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Vietheer A, Kiserud T, Ebbing C, Rajkumar H, Ariansen Haaland Ø, Lie RT, Romero R, Kessler J. Maternal physical activity affects yolk sac size and growth in early pregnancy, but girls and boys use different strategies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20246. [PMID: 37985885 PMCID: PMC10661167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This longitudinal study investigated the impact of actigraphy-measured maternal physical activity on yolk sac size during early development. The yolk sac, a transient extraembryonic organ, plays a crucial role in embryonic development and is involved in metabolism, nutrition, growth, and hematopoiesis. Prospectively collected data from 190 healthy women indicated that their total daily physical activity, including both light and moderate-vigorous activity, was associated with yolk sac growth dynamics depending on embryonic sex and gestational age. Higher preconception maternal physical activity was linked to a larger yolk sac at 7 weeks (95% CI [0.02-0.13 mm]) and a smaller yolk sac at 10 weeks' gestation (95% CI [- 0.18 to - 0.00]) in male embryos; in female embryos, the yolk sac size was increased at 10 weeks' gestation (95% CI [0.06-0.26]) and was, on average, 24% larger than that in male embryos (95% CI [0.12-0.38]). Considering the pattern of other maternal effects on yolk sac size-e.g., body composition and sleep duration-we suggest that physiological yolk sac adaptations occur in short, sex-specific time windows and can be influenced by various maternal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vietheer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies Vei 72, 5053, Bergen, Norway.
- Maternal-Fetal-Neonatal-Research Western Norway, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Torvid Kiserud
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies Vei 72, 5053, Bergen, Norway
- Maternal-Fetal-Neonatal-Research Western Norway, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cathrine Ebbing
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies Vei 72, 5053, Bergen, Norway
- Maternal-Fetal-Neonatal-Research Western Norway, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hemamaalini Rajkumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies Vei 72, 5053, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Rolv Terje Lie
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roberto Romero
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jörg Kessler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies Vei 72, 5053, Bergen, Norway
- Maternal-Fetal-Neonatal-Research Western Norway, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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9
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Minton K. Illuminating the human yolk sac through single-cell omics. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:701. [PMID: 37813930 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
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10
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Motta LCB, Pereira VM, Pinto PAF, Mançanares CAF, Pieri NCG, de Oliveira VC, Fantinato-Neto P, Ambrósio CE. 3D culture of mesenchymal stem cells from the yolk sac to generate intestinal organoid. Theriogenology 2023; 209:98-106. [PMID: 37379588 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Organoids are in vitro models that originated from the three-dimensional culture of stem cells with the ability to reproduce part of the in vivo structural and functional specificities of body organs. Intestinal organoids have great relevance in cell therapy, as they provide more accurate information about tissue composition and architecture in relation to two-dimensional culture, in addition to serving as a study model for host interaction and drug testing. The yolk sac (YS) is a promising source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are multipotent stem cells with self-renewal ability and potential to differentiated into mesenchymal lineages. Besides this, the YS is responsible for the formation of intestinal epithelium during embryonic development. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify if the three-dimensional in vitro culture of stem cells derived from the canine YS is capable of developing intestinal organoids. MSCs from the canine YS and gut cells were isolated and characterized, then three-dimensionally cultured in Matrigel. In both cells lineages, spherical organoids were observed and after 10 days the gut cells formed crypt-like buds and villus-like structures. Despite having the same induction of differentiation process and having the expression of intestinal markers, the MSC from the YS morphology was not in the form of crypt budding. The hypothesis is that these cells could generate structures equivalent to the intestinal organoids of the colon that other studies showed formed only spherical structures. The culture of MSC from the YS, as well as the establishment of protocols for 3D cultivation of this tissue, is relevant, as it will serve as a tool in various applications in basic and scientific biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Castelo Branco Motta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Graduate Program in Translational Medicine, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Vitória Mattos Pereira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Priscilla Avelino Ferreira Pinto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celina Almeida Furlanetto Mançanares
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Naira Caroline Godoi Pieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cristina de Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Fantinato-Neto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
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11
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de Oliveira GB, de Araújo Júnior HN, de Moura CEB, Favaron PO, Pereira AF, de Oliveira MF. Placental development in the early stages of red-rumped agouti pregnancy ( Dasyprocta leporina Linnaeus, 1758). J Vet Sci 2023; 24:e49. [PMID: 38031643 PMCID: PMC10556294 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hystricomorpha rodents display a similar placentation model to humans. The present study was carried out considering the scarcity of information concerning the placental development in agouti. OBJECTIVE Describe the microscopy of the placenta, subplacenta and yolk sac of agoutis in early pregnancy and report on the inversion of the yolk sac. METHODS Fifteen females between the 14th-32nd day of gestation were used following euthanasia. Gestational buttons were collected, fixed, processed, stained to optical microscopy or immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Chorioallantoic placenta (CP) ranged from conical to a half-sphere, as follows: from the 14th to 17th day, the CP displays an inverted "V" shape, predominantly formed by cytotrophoblasts; from 20 to 22 days, formed almost entirely by cytotrophoblasts; at 28 days, a half sphere, with distinct lobes and interlobular area, numerous maternal gaps delimited by syncytiotrophoblasts and trophoblast giant cells; at 32 days, globose and undergoing the maturation process. Subplacenta, located between decidua and CP, initially presents septa consisting of simple columnar epithelium and after 17 days, comprising stratified epithelium. Visceral yolk sac (VYS) is attached to two CP projections between 14 and 17 days, formed by a simple cubic epithelium and inverted. Between 20 and 22 days, the epithelium displays apical villous projections with cytoplasmic vacuoles and a vascularized mesoderm. After the 24th day, the VYS near the placenta is pleated, very vascularized and villous, with decreased villi sizes further away from the placenta. CONCLUSION The agouti CP displays similar characteristics to other hystricomorpha, including placenta lobulation, a subplacenta and an inverted vitelline placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Moacir Franco de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN 59.625-900, Brasil
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12
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Barry-Carroll L, Greulich P, Marshall AR, Riecken K, Fehse B, Askew KE, Li K, Garaschuk O, Menassa DA, Gomez-Nicola D. Microglia colonize the developing brain by clonal expansion of highly proliferative progenitors, following allometric scaling. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112425. [PMID: 37099424 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia arise from the yolk sac and enter the brain during early embryogenesis. Upon entry, microglia undergo in situ proliferation and eventually colonize the entire brain by the third postnatal week in mice. However, the intricacies of their developmental expansion remain unclear. Here, we characterize the proliferative dynamics of microglia during embryonic and postnatal development using complementary fate-mapping techniques. We demonstrate that the developmental colonization of the brain is facilitated by clonal expansion of highly proliferative microglial progenitors that occupy spatial niches throughout the brain. Moreover, the spatial distribution of microglia switches from a clustered to a random pattern between embryonic and late postnatal development. Interestingly, the developmental increase in microglial numbers follows the proportional growth of the brain in an allometric manner until a mosaic distribution has been established. Overall, our findings offer insight into how the competition for space may drive microglial colonization by clonal expansion during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Barry-Carroll
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Philip Greulich
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences (IfLS), University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Abigail R Marshall
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Kristoffer Riecken
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Boris Fehse
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharine E Askew
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Kaizhen Li
- Department of Neurophysiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olga Garaschuk
- Department of Neurophysiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David A Menassa
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK; The Queen's College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Diego Gomez-Nicola
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences (IfLS), University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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13
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Xia X, Ma X, Liang N, Duan X, Wang S, Guo W, Chang Z. QNZ exposure induces development toxicity and mechanisms of hatching inhibition in large-scale loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) embryos. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 253:114663. [PMID: 36805135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
QNZ is a quinazoline-type NF-κB inhibitor and is one of the hot anti-inflammatory drug candidates in recent years. With its development and application, QNZ will inevitably enter the aquatic environment posing a threat to aquatic organisms. To investigate the potential toxicity of QNZ in the early life stages of the organism, this study exposed embryos of large-scale loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) to 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 nM of QNZ. The hatching of embryos was significantly inhibited and hatching time was delayed. We explored the mechanism of hatching delay and failure. The results suggested that QNZ exposure reduced the number of hatching gland cells (HGCs) and hatching enzyme activity. Also, the frequency of spontaneous movements was inhibited by interfering with the expression of genes related to the cholinergic system and skeletal muscle development. Further, QNZ exposure induces a series of morphological changes (spine deformation, pericardial edema, tail deformation, and yolk sac edema) in embryos and newly-hatched larvae, and finally increased the deformity rate and mortality rate of newly-hatched larvae. The information presented in this study will provide a scientific basis for further studies into the potential toxicity of QNZ on aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Ning Liang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Xiangyu Duan
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Songyun Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Wanwan Guo
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Zhongjie Chang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
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14
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Ivantsova E, Konig I, Lopez-Scarim V, English C, Charnas SR, Souders CL, Martyniuk CJ. Molecular and behavioral toxicity assessment of tiafenacil, a novel PPO-inhibiting herbicide, in zebrafish embryos/larvae. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 98:104084. [PMID: 36828158 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tiafenacil is a newly registered herbicide and a protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase inhibitor. However, sub-lethal effects of PPO-inhibitors in aquatic species are unknown. Embryos or larvae were exposed to 0.1 µg/L up to 10 mg/L tiafenacil for 7-days post-fertilization. Decreased survival (> 50%) and deformities were noted at concentrations > 1 mg/L. Potency (EC50) of tiafenacil for 5- and 7-day larvae were 818.1 µg/L and 821.7 µg/L, respectively. Pericardial and yolk sac edema were the most frequent deformities observed. Heartbeat frequency at 3 dpf was decreased in zebrafish exposed to > 10 µg/L tiafenacil, coinciding with increased reactive oxygen species. Oxygen consumption rates were not affected by tiafenacil, nor did we detect differences in indicators of apoptosis. The abundance of eighteen transcripts related to oxidative stress and mitochondrial complexes I through V were unchanged. Larval activity was decreased with exposure to 1000 µg/L tiafenacil. These data contribute to risk assessment for a new class of herbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ivantsova
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Isaac Konig
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Victoria Lopez-Scarim
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Cole English
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Savannah R Charnas
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christopher L Souders
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
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15
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Peña R, McGregor-Bravo CU, Contreras-Olguín M. Allometric growth and larval development in Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru under culture conditions. J Fish Biol 2023; 102:413-425. [PMID: 36433741 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Allometric growth is a common feature during fish larval development. It has been proposed as a growth strategy to prioritize the development of body segments related to primordial functions like feeding and swimming to increase the probability of survival during this critical period. In the present study we evaluated the allometric growth patterns of body segments associated to swimming and feeding during the larval stages of Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru. The larvae were kept under intensive culture conditions and sampled every day from hatching until day 33 after hatching. Each larva was classified according to its developmental stage into yolk-sac larva, preflexion larva, flexion larva or postflexion larva, measured and the allometric growth coefficient of different body segments was evaluated using the potential model. Based on the results we can infer the presence of different ontogenetic priorities during the first developmental stages associated with vital functions like swimming during the yolk-sac stage [total length (TL) interval = 2.27-3.005 mm] and feeding during the preflexion stage (TL interval = 3.007-5.60 mm) by promoting the accelerated growth of tail (post anal) and head, respectively. In the flexion stage (TL interval = 5.61-7.62 mm) a change in growth coefficients of most body segments compared to the previous stage was detected, suggesting a shift in growth priorities. Finally, in the postflexion stage (TL interval = 7.60-15.48 mm) a clear tendency to isometry in most body segments was observed, suggesting that growth priorities have been fulfilled and the larvae will initiate with the transformation into a juvenile. These results provide a framework of the larval growth of L. peru in culture conditions which can be useful for comparative studies with other species or in aquaculture to evaluate the changes in larval growth due to new conditions or feeding protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Peña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Unidad Piloto de Maricultivos, La Paz, Mexico
| | - Carlos U McGregor-Bravo
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Unidad Piloto de Maricultivos, La Paz, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Contreras-Olguín
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Unidad Piloto de Maricultivos, La Paz, Mexico
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16
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Santos Z, Oliveira LS, Cajado RA, Silva FKS, Silva LVF, Zacardi DM. Early ontogeny of the commercially valuable fish red-bellied pacu Piaractus brachypomus (Characiformes, Serrasalmidae) from the Amazon, Brazil. J Fish Biol 2023; 102:214-224. [PMID: 36254969 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The initial development of the red-bellied pacu Piaractus brachypomus is described using morphological, meristic and morphometric characteristics. A total of 127 individuals were analysed (47 in the yolk-sac, 35 in pre-flexion, five in flexion, 20 in post-flexion and 20 in juvenile) with standard length varying between 2.92 and 48.61 mm. The larvae are born poorly developed and have a discoidal yolk at ~6.33 mm standard length. During early ontogeny, the mouth passes from terminal to subterminal and the anal opening reaches the vertical line over the midline region of the body. There are changes in body shape from long and moderate to deep, head length from small to large, and eye diameter from moderate to large. Dendritic chromatophores were present in the ventral, dorsal and upper part of the swim bladder in the early larval stages. Rounded spots are evident all over the body in juveniles. The total number of myomeres ranges from 39 to 41 (20-23 pre-anal, 17-20 post-anal). Through the morphometric relationships, it was evidenced that the greatest changes during the initial ontogeny of P. brachypomus occur in the transition from the post-flexion stage to the juvenile period, indicating changes in behaviour, foraging and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaqueu Santos
- Laboratório de Ecologia do Ictioplâncton e Pesca em Águas Interiores, Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Lucas S Oliveira
- Laboratório de Ecologia do Ictioplâncton e Pesca em Águas Interiores, Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Ruineris A Cajado
- Laboratório de Ecologia do Ictioplâncton e Pesca em Águas Interiores, Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Fabíola K S Silva
- Laboratório de Ecologia do Ictioplâncton e Pesca em Águas Interiores, Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Lenise V F Silva
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Análises Multifuncionais, Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Diego M Zacardi
- Laboratório de Ecologia do Ictioplâncton e Pesca em Águas Interiores, Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Brazil
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17
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Matsuo I, Kimura-Yoshida C, Ueda Y. Developmental and mechanical roles of Reichert's membrane in mouse embryos. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210257. [PMID: 36252218 PMCID: PMC9574627 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic development and growth in placental mammals proceeds in utero with the support of exchanges of gases, nutrients and waste products between maternal tissues and offspring. Murine embryos are surrounded by several extraembryonic membranes, parietal and visceral yolk sacs, and amnion in the uterus. Notably, the parietal yolk sac is the most outer membrane, consists of three layers, trophoblasts and parietal endoderm (PaE) cells, and is separated by a thick basal lamina termed Reichert's membrane (RM). RM is composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) initially formed as the basement membrane of the trophectoderm of pre-implanted embryos and followed by the heavy deposition of ECM mainly produced in PaE cells of post-implanted embryos. In addition to the physiological roles of RM, such as gas and nutrient exchange, it also plays a crucial role in cushioning and dispersing intrauterine pressures exerted on embryos for normal egg-cylinder morphogenesis. Mechanistically, such intrauterine pressures generated by uterine smooth muscle contractions appear to be involved in the elongation of the egg-cylinder shape, along with primary axis formation, as an important biomechanical element in utero. This review focuses on our current views of the roles of RM in properly buffering intrauterine mechanical forces for mouse egg-cylinder morphogenesis. This article is part of the theme issue 'Extraembryonic tissues: exploring concepts, definitions and functions across the animal kingdom'.
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Grants
- Takeda Science Foundation
- a grant-in-aid for challenging Research(Exploratory)from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan
- from the Ministry a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research (C) of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan
- a grant-in-aid for Transformative Research Areas (A)from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Matsuo
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, 840, Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
| | - Chiharu Kimura-Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, 840, Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
| | - Yoko Ueda
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, 840, Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
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18
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Kekelou A, Dimitriadi A, Koumoundouros G. Sublethal exposure to Microcystis aeruginosa extracts during the yolk-sac larval stage reduces aerobic swimming speed in juvenile zebrafish. Fish Physiol Biochem 2022; 48:1443-1447. [PMID: 36462100 PMCID: PMC9763139 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether the aerobic swimming capacity of zebrafish juveniles is affected by the exposure of the yolk-sac larvae to sublethal concentration of Microcystis aeruginosa extract (200 mg dw L-1). Critical swimming speed significantly decreased in the pre-exposed fish (9.2 ± 1.0 vs 11.3 ± 1.4 TL s-1 in the control group). Exposure did not have any significant effects on the shape of the heart ventricle, rate of skeletal abnormalities, and growth or survival rates. Decreased swimming performance due to the early and short exposure to M. aeruginosa could have negative impacts on fish in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Kekelou
- Biology Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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19
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Mróz E, Murawska D, Naczmański J, Konstantynowicz M. The effects of hen's age and egg storage duration on selected growth parameters of turkey embryos. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102301. [PMID: 36442304 PMCID: PMC9706640 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of hen's age (A) and egg storage duration (T) on selected growth parameters of turkey embryos. At 32, 38, 46, and 51 wk of hen's age, 1,512 eggs laid on one or 2 consecutive days were collected randomly and marked. At each sampling date, the eggs were randomly divided into 4 groups and were stored for various periods of time, that is, 7, 10, 13, and 17 d. All eggs were stored at a temperature of 15°C and relative air humidity of 76%. On d 9, 15, 21, and 24 of incubation, 5 eggs containing live embryos were randomly selected from each group for analysis of the following parameters: relative body weight (RBW) of embryos, relative weight of the yolk sac (RWY), relative weight of unused albumen (RWA). The effects of hen's age and egg storage duration on the RBW of embryos were observed on d 15, 21, and 24 of incubation (P < 0.05). The effects of hen's age and egg storage duration on RWY were noted on all analyzed days of incubation (P < 0.05). Embryos in eggs laid by younger hens (aged 32 and 38 wk) and stored for a shorter period were characterized by a faster rate of albumen utilization than embryos in eggs laid by older hens (aged 46 and 51 wk). The largest amount of unused albumen was found in eggs laid by hens in wk 51 of the laying season (P < 0.05), and stored for 17 d (P < 0.05). In conclusion, numerous interactions (AxT) between selected growth parameters of turkey embryos indicate that the quality of hatching eggs changes with hen's age, affecting their suitability for long-term storage under standard conditions. Therefore, eggs laid by younger breeders should not be stored for longer periods due to undesirable changes in RWY and RWA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Mróz
- Department of Poultry Science and Apiculture, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Daria Murawska
- Department of Commodity Science and Animal Improvement, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jakub Naczmański
- Department of Poultry Science and Apiculture, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Konstantynowicz
- Department of Fur-bearing Animal Breeding and Game Management, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
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The people behind the papers - Masahito Irie, Fumitoshi Ishino and Tomoko Kaneko-Ishino. Development 2022; 149:dev201295. [PMID: 36162815 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Viral-derived genes have had a huge impact during mammalian evolution, with many of the exapted genes being expressed in the placenta. Now, new research published in Development describes the importance of two genes with retroviral origins in microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, which are derived from another extra-embryonic tissue, the yolk sac. We caught up with the first author, Masahito Irie, and the corresponding authors, Fumitoshi Ishino, Professor at Tokyo Medical and Dental University, and Tomoko Kaneko-Ishino, Professor at Tokai University, to hear about more about their research.
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Özlü S, Erkuş T, Kamanlı S, Nicholson AD, Elibol O. Influence of the preplacement holding time and feeding hydration supplementation before placement on yolk sac utilization, the crop filling rate, feeding behavior and first-week broiler performance. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102056. [PMID: 35988377 PMCID: PMC9405083 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of the broiler chick preplacement holding time and feeding hydration supplementation before placement on yolk sac utilization, the crop filling rate, feeding–drinking behavior and first-wk broiler performance. Broiler hatching eggs were obtained from a commercial broiler breeder flock of Ross 308 at 37 wk of age and incubated in a commercial hatchery. At 510 h of incubation, all chicks were removed from the hatcher and separated into cardboard chick boxes containing 80 chicks each. The chick boxes were randomly separated into two groups with either added commercial hydration supplementation (gel: Hydrogel-95) or the control (no gel). Then, the chicks were randomly distributed into 5 groups with different holding times across each hydration supplementation treatment (gel and control). The preplacement holding times were 6, 24, 48, 60, and 72 h from the pull time from the hatchers in the hatchery to placement in the broiler house on the farm, at which point the chicks were able to access feed and water. There were 10 subtreatment groups comprising 5 chick preplacement holding time groups × 2 hydration supplementation groups. There were 12 replicates (160 chicks per pen) per holding period × gel treatment, with a total of 19,200 chicks placed. The feed and water access time did not influence yolk sac utilization, but the absolute or relative residual yolk sac (g, %) decreased linearly with the duration after the pull time (P < 0.001). Longer preplacement holding times were associated with a higher percentage of chicks with full crops at 3 h after placement (P < 0.001). Chicks with the shortest (6 h) preplacement holding time had a lower percentage of feed-seeking activity compared to the 24, 48, and 72 h holding time groups at 3 h after placement (P < 0.001). The highest chick eating and drinking activity was observed in the 72 h group at both 3 and 8 h after placement. Chick weight at placement was significantly reduced linearly with the duration after the pull time (0.106 g/h; R2 = 0.775), and as expected, the highest and lowest BW were found in the 6 (41.51 g) and 72 h (34.50 g) preplacement holding time groups, respectively. However, BW and BW gain were higher in the 24 h group than in the other preplacement holding time groups (P < 0.001) at 7 d after placement. Mortality within the first 3 d after placement increased only when the preplacement holding time was extended to 72 h (P = 0.002). Mortality during 4 to 7 d postplacement was not affected by the holding time at all, but the 72-h holding time group still had statistically significantly higher mortality cumulatively from 0 to 7 d (P = 0.024). Neither BW nor mortality was affected by feeding the hydration supplement at placement, and the lack of effect persisted through 7 d after placement (P > 0.05). It can be concluded that the BW at 7 d after placement was greater in the 24 h holding time group than in shorter (6 h) or longer (48, 60, and 72 h) preplacement holding time groups. In the present study, a greater number of chicks were raised, and it was clearly demonstrated that mortality, as a direct indicator of flock health and welfare, was not affected by preplacement holding times up to and including a 60 h after take-off under thermal comfort conditions, but holding for a further 12 h to 72 h, mortality at 7 d of age after placement was increased. On the other hand, holding chicks in a short period (6 h) did not improve mortality and the BW at 7 d, suggesting that some delay to placement can be beneficial. In addition, feeding hydrogel during the preplacement holding period had no positive effect on BW gain and cumulative mortality during the first week of the growing period.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Özlü
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Türkiye
| | - T Erkuş
- Aviagen Ltd., Newbridge, Midlothian EH28 8SZ, United Kingdom
| | - S Kamanlı
- Poultry Research Institute, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - A D Nicholson
- Aviagen Ltd., Newbridge, Midlothian EH28 8SZ, United Kingdom
| | - O Elibol
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Türkiye.
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22
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Bozzi M, Parisi V, Poggio P. Macrophages in the heart: Active players or simple bystanders? Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 2022; 368:109-141. [PMID: 35636926 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Today, more and more studies focus on the processes in which macrophages are involved. These discoveries provide new perspectives on the cellular mechanisms that regulate the physiological functions of the healthy heart. Moreover, they offer a deeper knowledge of the pathologic processes underlying the onset and the evolution of specific cardiac impairment. The heterogeneous population of macrophages within the heart can be divided by origin, expression profile, and function. The pool of cardiac macrophages includes at least two distinct subsets with different ontogeny. The first one has an embryonic origin, deriving from the yolk sac and the fetal liver, while the other macrophage subset results from the postnatal recruitment of monocytes produced in the bone marrow. This review will focus on new phenotypes and functions of cardiac macrophages that have been identified in the last years and that need to be deeply studied to unveil new potential therapies aimed at treating cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Bozzi
- Unit for the Study of Aortic, Valvular, and Coronary Pathologies, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Parisi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Poggio
- Unit for the Study of Aortic, Valvular, and Coronary Pathologies, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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23
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Van Deren DA, De S, Xu B, Eschenbacher KM, Zhang S, Capecchi MR. Defining the Hoxb8 cell lineage during murine definitive hematopoiesis. Development 2022; 149:dev200200. [PMID: 35452096 PMCID: PMC9124572 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have demonstrated that a subpopulation of microglia, known as Hoxb8 microglia, is derived from the Hoxb8 lineage during the second wave (E8.5) of yolk sac hematopoiesis, whereas canonical non-Hoxb8 microglia arise from the first wave (E7.5). Hoxb8 microglia have an ontogeny distinct from non-Hoxb8 microglia. Dysfunctional Hoxb8 microglia cause the acquisition of chronic anxiety and an obsessive-compulsive spectrum-like behavior, trichotillomania, in mice. The nature and fate of the progenitors generated during E8.5 yolk sac hematopoiesis have been controversial. Herein, we use the Hoxb8 cell lineage reporter to define the ontogeny of hematopoietic cells arising during the definitive waves of hematopoiesis initiated in the E8.5 yolk sac and aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region. Our murine cell lineage analysis shows that the Hoxb8 cell lineage reporter robustly marks erythromyeloid progenitors, hematopoietic stem cells and their progeny, particularly monocytes. Hoxb8 progenitors and microglia require Myb function, a hallmark transcription factor for definitive hematopoiesis, for propagation and maturation. During adulthood, all immune lineages and, interestingly, resident macrophages in only hematopoietic/lymphoid tissues are derived from Hoxb8 precursors. These results illustrate that the Hoxb8 lineage exclusively mirrors murine definitive hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donn A. Van Deren
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Shrutokirti De
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ben Xu
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kayla M. Eschenbacher
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Shuhua Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mario R. Capecchi
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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24
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Bruno DO, Barrantes ME, Lattuca ME, Nardi CF, Diaz MV, Wolinski L, Sacristán H, Vanella FA, Fernández DA. Temperature and salinity effects on whole-organism and cellular level stress responses of the sub-Antarctic notothenioid fish Patagonotothen cornucola yolk-sac larvae. Fish Physiol Biochem 2022; 48:321-335. [PMID: 35146595 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the whole-organism and cellular level responses to different combinations of water temperature and salinity of the notothenioid Patagonotothen cornucola at the end of the yolk-sac larval stage. Egg masses of the species were collected in the wild and then maintained at natural water conditions (4 °C and 30 PSU). Newly hatched larvae were placed in aquaria with different combinations of water temperature (4 °C, 12 °C, and 16 °C) and salinity (15 and 30 PSU) during four days before yolk sac absorption. Larvae exposed to 12 °C grew more in length than those exposed to 16 °C, but yolk volume was more reduced in larvae exposed to 16 °C than those exposed to 4 °C and 30 PSU than of 15 PSU. In addition, a higher proportion of larvae exposed to 12 °C and 15 PSU completely absorbed their yolk. Whereas the more tolerant larvae to high temperatures were those exposed to 16 °C and 30 PSU, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation were highest at natural and at 12 °C and 30 PSU conditions, respectively. The nutritional status (as standardized DNA/RNA index-sRD -) was low in all cases, even at natural conditions (average sRD ~ 1). Our study suggests that, in the context of climate change, the mortality rate of yolk-sac larvae of P. cornucola would not increase due to temperature or salinity stress. However, indirect effects (such as habitat degradation or changes in food availability) would be critical after complete absorption of the yolk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Osvaldo Bruno
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología Y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos (LEFyE), Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, V9410CAB, Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina.
- Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente Y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego (ICPA-UNTDF), Fuegia Basket 251, V9410CAB, Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina.
| | - María Eugenia Barrantes
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología Y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos (LEFyE), Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, V9410CAB, Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Lattuca
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología Y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos (LEFyE), Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, V9410CAB, Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Cristina Fernanda Nardi
- Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente Y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego (ICPA-UNTDF), Fuegia Basket 251, V9410CAB, Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Marina Vera Diaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas Y Costeras, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (IIMyC-UNMdP-CONICET), and Instituto Nacional de Investigación Y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Paseo Victoria Ocampo Nº 1, CC 175, B7602HSA, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Wolinski
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología Y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos (LEFyE), Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, V9410CAB, Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Hernán Sacristán
- Laboratorio de Crustáceos Y Ecosistemas Costeros, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, V9410CAB, Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Fabián Alberto Vanella
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología Y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos (LEFyE), Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, V9410CAB, Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Daniel Alfredo Fernández
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología Y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos (LEFyE), Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, V9410CAB, Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente Y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego (ICPA-UNTDF), Fuegia Basket 251, V9410CAB, Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina
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25
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Abstract
Atkins et al. (2022. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20211924) create a PSC differentiation model for human yolk sac hematopoiesis and discover multipotent progenitors with erythro-myeloid and T lymphoid potential. The multipotent progenitors emerge via hemogenic endothelium and share origin with primitive erythroid wave in KDR+CD235a/b+ mesoderm.
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26
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Eriksson ANM, Rigaud C, Krasnov A, Wincent E, Vehniäinen ER. Exposure to retene, fluoranthene, and their binary mixture causes distinct transcriptomic and apical outcomes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yolk sac alevins. Aquat Toxicol 2022; 244:106083. [PMID: 35085954 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely spread environmental contaminants which affect developing organisms. It is known that improper activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by some PAHs contributes to toxicity, while other PAHs can disrupt cellular membrane function. The exact downstream mechanisms of AhR activation remain unresolved, especially with regard to cardiotoxicity. By exposing newly hatched rainbow trout alevins (Oncorhynchus mykiss) semi-statically to retene (32 µg l-1; AhR agonist), fluoranthene (50 µg l-1; weak AhR agonist and CYP1a inhibitor) and their binary mixture for 1, 3, 7 and 14 days, we aimed to uncover novel mechanisms of cardiotoxicity using a targeted microarray approach. At the end of the exposure, standard length, yolk area, blue sac disease (BSD) index and PAH body burden were measured, while the hearts were prepared for microarray analysis. Each exposure produced a unique toxicity profile. We observed that retene and the mixture, but not fluoranthene, significantly reduced growth by Day 14 compared to the control, while exposure to the mixture increased the BSD-index significantly from Day 3 onward. Body burden profiles were PAH-specific and correlated well with the exposure-specific upregulations of genes encoding for phase I and II enzymes. Exposure to the mixture over-represented pathways related to growth, amino acid and xenobiotic metabolism and oxidative stress responses. Alevins exposed to the individual PAHs displayed over-represented pathways involved in receptor signaling: retene downregulated genes with a role in G-protein signaling, while fluoranthene upregulated those involved in GABA signaling. Furthermore, exposure to retene and fluoranthene altered the expression of genes encoding for proteins involved in calcium- and potassium ion channels, which suggests affected heart structure and function. This study provides deeper understanding of the complexity of PAH toxicity and the necessity of investigating PAHs as mixtures and not as individual components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas N M Eriksson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä FI-40014, Finland.
| | - Cyril Rigaud
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä FI-40014, Finland
| | - Aleksei Krasnov
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Norwegian Institute of Food, Ås, Norway
| | - Emma Wincent
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eeva-Riikka Vehniäinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä FI-40014, Finland
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27
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Berti FV, Porto LM. Building Mathematical Models for Vascular Growth and Inhibition. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2514:163-176. [PMID: 35771428 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2403-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microvascular channel growth and inhibition, such as what occurs in vasculogenic mimicry, are generally represented in tables or shown in bar graphs. Although informative, those representations lack accurate predictions on dosage or the opportunity to report an unbiased metric when one wants to compare different signal dependence, for instance, the concentration of different drugs or enzymes or expression levels of particular genes.Mathematical model building is an exercise that makes you think of which are the key variables of a particular phenomenon and how they affect the targeting experimental output.Starting from early blood vessel formation and regression (number of vessels) due to an inducer/inhibitor effect, we show how a conceptual mathematical model may be built. As an example, the model was used to parameterize aloin bioactivity on a chick yolk sac membrane (YSM) assay with respect to its vasculogenic and vessel regression properties. A separable functional form where vessel formation and cell death occur as mutually exclusive concentration or signal-dependent functions showed that there was a good correlation with experimental data. Although an analytical solution for that simple case is presented, parameter determination and parametric analysis may be carried out numerically by solving the system of ordinary differential equations that represents the model using nonlinear regression for parameter determinations. Such model formulation thus allows for a more objective evaluation concentration dependence and is suggested as a novel method to evaluate blood vessel formation and inhibition as well as a general model for quantitative balance between chemical stimulation and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Vieira Berti
- Chemical and Food Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Luismar Marques Porto
- Chemical and Food Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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28
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Tung CT, Lin HJ, Lin CW, Mersmann HJ, Ding ST. The role of dynamin in absorbing lipids into endodermal epithelial cells of yolk sac membranes during embryonic development in Japanese quail. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101470. [PMID: 34624771 PMCID: PMC8503669 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endodermal epithelial cells (EECs) within the yolk sac membrane (YSM) of avian embryos are responsible for the absorption and utilization of lipids. The lipids in the yolk are mostly composed of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), uptake mainly depends on clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). The CME relies on vesicle formation through the regulation of dynamin (DNM). However, it is still unclear whether DNMs participate in avian embryonic development. We examined mRNA expression levels of several genes involved in lipid transportation and utilization in YSM during Japanese quail embryonic development using qPCR. The mRNA levels of DNM1 and DNM3 were elevated at incubation d 8 and 10 before the increase of SOAT1, CIDEA, CIDEC, and APOB mRNA's. The elevated gene expression suggested the increased demand for DNM activity might be prior to cholesteryl ester production, lipid storage, and VLDL transport. Hinted by the result, we further investigated the role of DNMs in the embryonic development of Japanese quail. A DNM inhibitor, dynasore, was injected into fertilized eggs at incubation d 3. At incubation d 10, the dynasore-injected embryo showed increased embryonic lethality compared to control groups. Thus, the activity of DNMs was essential for the embryonic development of Japanese quail. The activities of DNMs were also verified by the absorptions of fluorescent VLDL (DiI-yVLDL) in EECs. Fluorescent signals in EECs were decreased significantly after treatment with dynasore. Finally, EECs were pretreated with S-Nitroso-L-glutathione (GSNO), a DNM activator, for 30 min; this increased the uptake of DiI-yVLDL. In conclusion, DNMs serve a critical role in mediating lipid absorption in YSM. The activity of DNMs was an integral part of development in Japanese quail. Our results suggest enhancing lipid transportation through an increase of DNM activity may improve avian embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ting Tung
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Han-Jen Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chiao-Wei Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Harry John Mersmann
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Torng Ding
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan, R.O.C..
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29
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Meng Y, Qiu N, Mine Y, Keast R. Comparative Lipidomics of Chick Yolk Sac during the Embryogenesis Provides Insight into Understanding the Development-Related Lipid Supply. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:7467-7477. [PMID: 34159787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Yolk sac (YS, include the yolk content) at different chick embryogenesis stages possesses varying lipid distributions, which are nutrition-influencing factors for the health of an early embryo and a later adult. YS lipids can substantially influence embryogenesis metabolism, but a comprehensive understanding of lipid's influence remains unknown. Herein, the effects of embryogenesis on lipid profiling of chick YS were investigated by UHPLC-MS/MS-based lipidomics. A total of 2231 lipid species across 57 subclasses were identified in the YS, and 1011 lipids were significantly different (P < 0.05) at the incubation days of 0, 7, 13, and 18. Specifically, phosphocholine and phosphatidylglycerol in late-stage embryogenesis potentially assist with prehatching gas exchange and infection resistance in the environment after lung respiration. In addition, the accumulated lysophosphatidylcholine at day 18 may induce apoptosis and disturb the membrane structure of YS to enable better absorption by the embryo abdomen. The decreased cardiolipin in late embryogenesis may be due to transportation to the embryo and integration into the mitochondrial membrane to accelerate energy metabolism for the rapidly developing embryo after day 13. Therefore, this study demonstrated the lipid profile alteration of the developing YS, providing theoretical guidance for researching the developmental origins of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Ning Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yoshinori Mine
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Russell Keast
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
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30
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Tesarova MP, Skoupa M, Foltyn M, Tvrdon Z, Lichovnikova M. Research Note: Effects of preincubation and higher initiating incubation temperature of long-term stored hatching eggs on hatchability and day-old chick and yolk sac weight. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101293. [PMID: 34229216 PMCID: PMC8264209 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the effect of increased initial incubation temperature and repeated preincubation of 35-d stored eggs from 46-week-old Ross 308 parental stock on the hatchability and day-old chick and yolk sac weight. Two different temperatures were applied during the first 36 h and they were combined with 4 preincubation treatments during storage. One half of the hatching eggs (2,400) were incubated for the first 36 h at an incubation temperature of 38.3°C, and the second half were incubated at a higher temperature of 39.2°C. Four different preincubations were applied; none, once at the 7th d of hatching egg storage, twice at the 7th and 12th d of storage and 3 times at the 7th, 12th and 19th d of storage. Both preincubation and increased temperature had negative effects on hatchability (P < 0.001). The interaction between these 2 factors was also significant (P < 0.05). These 2 factors also negatively affected early and late embryonic mortality (P < 0.001). However, middle embryonic mortality was not influenced. Live weight, weight of residual yolk sac, and yolk sac proportion were not affected by repeated preincubation nor by increased temperature over the first 36 h of incubation (P > 0.05). A higher initial temperature decreased chick yolk free body mass (P < 0.05). Although neither increased initial temperature in the setter nor repeated preincubation affected one-day-old chick weights, these treatments were not suitable for long-term stored eggs because of decreased hatchability and impairment of one day chick yolk free body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Pesanova Tesarova
- Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Skoupa
- Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Martina Lichovnikova
- Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
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31
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Pokoradi AJ, Agrawal A. Yolk Sac Tumour of the Ovary in Pregnancy Treated With Surgery and Chemotherapy: A Case Report. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2021; 43:1177-1179. [PMID: 34000443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian carcinoma diagnosed in pregnancy is rare. Treatment should take both mother and fetus into consideration. CASE We present the case of a patient diagnosed with a stage IC1 yolk sac tumour of the ovary at 15 weeks gestation, who underwent surgical staging and adjuvant chemotherapy during pregnancy. Intrauterine growth restriction was diagnosed and the patient delivered by cesarean at 36 weeks gestation for obstructed labour. CONCLUSION Yolk sac tumour of the ovary in pregnancy with concomitant chemotherapy is uncommon. Adverse outcomes, including restricted fetal growth, are possible and their identification may help guide timing of delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alida J Pokoradi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON.
| | - Anita Agrawal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON
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Kanerva M, Kiljunen M, Torniainen J, Nikinmaa M, Dutz J, Vuori KA. Environmentally driven changes in Baltic salmon oxidative status during marine migration. Sci Total Environ 2020; 742:140259. [PMID: 32721710 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fitness and recruitment of fish stocks can be markedly affected by environmental disturbances including global warming, eutrophication and contamination. Understanding the effects of environmental stressors on salmon physiology during marine residence is of a global concern as marine survival has decreased. We present a unique combination of physiological responses - antioxidant defence and oxidative damage biomarkers, stable isotopes and contaminant exposure biomarkers - measured from adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) collected at the Baltic Sea and studied in relation to environmental variables and fitness estimates. The results demonstrate that feeding populations of salmon display marked temporal and spatial variation in oxidative status. Better oxidative status of salmon was characterized by a higher amount of reduced glutathione (GSH) and decreased lipid peroxidation (LPX), when the weight-at-age of 3-4-year old sprats was higher and contaminant exposure biomarker (EROD) was lower. Summer season conditions, which included cooler sea surface temperature (SST), higher bottom O2 and less cyanobacteria also indicated conditions for better oxidative status. Summer SST was additionally shown to affected glutathione metabolism enzyme activities. Oxidative status was associated with stable isotopes δ13C and δ15N indicating indirect effect of abiotic conditions and lower levels of the food web. Differences in condition factor and growth were associated with oxidative status in one and two sea winter salmon, respectively. Wild salmon survival was higher in years when they had higher GSH and catalase activity and lower LPX. Enhanced glutathione metabolism and increased protein carbonyls were associated with higher occurrence of yolk-sac fry mortality (M74). Our results show that oxidative status can provide information on exposure to complex combinations of environmental conditions and stressors in the wild and provide a link of physiological function to individual and population level fitness effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Kanerva
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, FI-20014, University of Turku, Finland.
| | - Mikko Kiljunen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Jyrki Torniainen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland; University of Jyvaskyla, Open Science Centre, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Mikko Nikinmaa
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, FI-20014, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Jörg Dutz
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Department of Biological Oceanography, Seestrasse 15, D-18119 Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Kristiina A Vuori
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, FI-20014, University of Turku, Finland
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Halbach K, Ulrich N, Goss KU, Seiwert B, Wagner S, Scholz S, Luckenbach T, Bauer C, Schweiger N, Reemtsma T. Yolk Sac of Zebrafish Embryos as Backpack for Chemicals? Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:10159-10169. [PMID: 32639148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio) has developed into one of the most important nonsentient animal models for the hazard assessments of chemicals, but the processes governing its toxicokinetics (TK) are poorly understood. This study compares the uptake of seven test compounds into the embryonic body and the yolk sac of the zebrafish embryo using TK experiments, a dialysis approach, thermodynamic calculations, and kinetic modeling. Experimental data show that between 95% (4-iodophenol) and 67% (carbamazepine) of the total internal amount in 26 h post fertilization (hpf) embryos and between 80 and 49% in 74 hpf embryos were found in the yolk. Thus, internal concentrations determined for the whole embryo overestimate the internal concentration in the embryonic body: for the compounds of this study, up to a factor of 5. Partition coefficients for the embryonic body and a one-compartment model with diffusive exchange were calculated for the neutral test compounds and agreed reasonably with the experimental data. For prevalently ionic test compounds at exposure pH (bromoxynil, paroxetine), however, the extent and the speed of uptake were low and could not be modeled adequately. A better understanding of the TK of ionizable test compounds is essential to allow assessment of the validity of this organismic test system for ionic test compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Halbach
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadin Ulrich
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Goss
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Bettina Seiwert
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Wagner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Till Luckenbach
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Coretta Bauer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole Schweiger
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Dege C, Fegan KH, Creamer JP, Berrien-Elliott MM, Luff SA, Kim D, Wagner JA, Kingsley PD, McGrath KE, Fehniger TA, Palis J, Sturgeon CM. Potently Cytotoxic Natural Killer Cells Initially Emerge from Erythro-Myeloid Progenitors during Mammalian Development. Dev Cell 2020; 53:229-239.e7. [PMID: 32197069 PMCID: PMC7185477 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a critical component of the innate immune system. However, their ontogenic origin has remained unclear. Here, we report that NK cell potential first arises from Hoxaneg/low Kit+CD41+CD16/32+ hematopoietic-stem-cell (HSC)-independent erythro-myeloid progenitors (EMPs) present in the murine yolk sac. EMP-derived NK cells and primary fetal NK cells, unlike their adult counterparts, exhibit robust degranulation in response to stimulation. Parallel studies using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) revealed that HOXAneg/low CD34+ progenitors give rise to NK cells that, similar to murine EMP-derived NK cells, harbor a potent cytotoxic degranulation bias. In contrast, hPSC-derived HOXA+ CD34+ progenitors, as well as human cord blood CD34+ cells, give rise to NK cells that exhibit an attenuated degranulation response but robustly produce inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, our studies identify an extra-embryonic origin of potently cytotoxic NK cells, suggesting that ontogenic origin is a relevant factor in designing hPSC-derived adoptive immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa Dege
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Katherine H Fegan
- Center for Pediatric Biomedical Research and Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - J Philip Creamer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Melissa M Berrien-Elliott
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stephanie A Luff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Darren Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Julia A Wagner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Paul D Kingsley
- Center for Pediatric Biomedical Research and Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Kathleen E McGrath
- Center for Pediatric Biomedical Research and Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Todd A Fehniger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James Palis
- Center for Pediatric Biomedical Research and Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Christopher M Sturgeon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Zou W, Zhao J, Li Y, Hu T, Wang Y, Chu X, Wang J. [Construction and optimization of an in vitro induction system for bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into hematopoietic cells]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 36:145-151. [PMID: 32314712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective To construct the hematopoietic microenvironment system simulating different hematopoietic sites during the embryonic stages for in vitro inducing the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into hematopoietic cells, and to initially evaluate the efficiency of differentiation. Methods Stereomicroscopy and HE staining were used to observe the anatomical parts and morphology of yolk sac (YS), placenta (PL) and fetal liver (FL) of E11.5 mice. The embryonic YS, PL and FL tissues from the stages of E7.5-E9.5, E10.5-E12.5 and E13.5-E15.5 were collected for stromal cell culture, and conditioned culture media were prepared, namely, yolk sac stromal cell conditioned medium (YSSC-CM), placental SC-CM (PLSC-CM) and fetal liver SC-CM (FLSC-CM), and co-cultured with in vitro expanded SD rat BMSCs. The experimental cells were divided into control group, interleukin 6(IL-6) combined with stem cell factor (SCF) treatment group, YSSC-CM treatment group, PLSC-CM treatment group and FLSC-CM treatment group. After co-culture for 7-9 days, the floating cells in culture medium were collected. Giemsa staining was used to exam cell morphology. Direct immunofluorescence was conducted to detect CD34 and CD45 expression. Colony formation assay was performed to detect granulocyte/macrophage colony formation unit (GM-CFU) to identify differentiated cells. Results Under a stereomicroscope, PL and FL of mouse embryos had the same position as human embryos, while YS was wrapped on the outer side of embryo body and amniotic membrane. HE staining showed that PL vessel labyrinth, FL sinusoids and YS blood islands were rich in blood cells. The inverted phase-contrast microscope and cell counting results indicated that the floating cells in the culture medium of the YSSC-CM group, the PLSC-CM group and the FLSC-CM group significantly increased compared with the control group and the IL-6 combined with SCF group, especially the FLSC-CM group had the most. The floating cells in YSSC-CM group, PLSC-CM group and FLSC-CM group were similar in morphology to lymphoid or mononucleoid cells as showed by Giemsa staining, and expressed hematopoietic cell-specific surface markers CD34 and CD45. The number of hematopoietic cell colonies formed was the most in the FLSC-CM group, followed by the PLSC-CM group, and the least in the YSSC-CM group. The control group and IL-6 combined with SCF treatment group had no changes. Conclusion By collecting YS, PL, and FL according to the stage and time sequence, YSSC-CM, PLSC-CM, and FLSC-CM prepared can induce the differentiation of SD rat's BMSCs into hematopoietic cells, and FLSC-CM-treated cells have better differentiation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Zou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233003, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Second Faculty of Clinic Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233003, China
| | - Yi Li
- Second Faculty of Clinic Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233003, China
| | - Tengfei Hu
- Second Faculty of Clinic Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233003, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Second Faculty of Clinic Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233003, China
| | - Xiaoxi Chu
- Second Faculty of Clinic Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233003, China
| | - Junbin Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233003, China. *Corresponding author, E-mail:
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Shigeta A, Huang V, Zuo J, Besada R, Nakashima Y, Lu Y, Ding Y, Pellegrini M, Kulkarni RP, Hsiai T, Deb A, Zhou B, Nakano H, Nakano A. Endocardially Derived Macrophages Are Essential for Valvular Remodeling. Dev Cell 2019; 48:617-630.e3. [PMID: 30799229 PMCID: PMC6440481 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
During mammalian embryogenesis, de novo hematopoiesis occurs transiently in multiple anatomical sites including the yolk sac, dorsal aorta, and heart tube. A long-unanswered question is whether these local transient hematopoietic mechanisms are essential for embryonic growth. Here, we show that endocardial hematopoiesis is critical for cardiac valve remodeling as a source of tissue macrophages. Colony formation assay from explanted heart tubes and genetic lineage tracing with the endocardial specific Nfatc1-Cre mouse revealed that hemogenic endocardium is a de novo source of tissue macrophages in the endocardial cushion, the primordium of the cardiac valves. Surface marker characterization, gene expression profiling, and ex vivo phagocytosis assay revealed that the endocardially derived cardiac tissue macrophages play a phagocytic and antigen presenting role. Indeed, genetic ablation of endocardially derived macrophages caused severe valve malformation. Together, these data suggest that transient hemogenic activity in the endocardium is indispensable for the valvular tissue remodeling in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Shigeta
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Vincent Huang
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan Zuo
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rana Besada
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Nakashima
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yan Lu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yichen Ding
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rajan P Kulkarni
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tzung Hsiai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arjun Deb
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Haruko Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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37
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Almeida MC, Message HJ, Sanches PV, Baumgartner D, Bombardelli RA, Baumgartner G, Francisco L. Larval development of mandi-pintado Pimelodus britskii (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae). J Fish Biol 2019; 94:320-324. [PMID: 30548248 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the morphology, morphometric and meristic characters of 117 larval Pimelodus britskii showing early development of head, eye, barbel and snout. Body and mouth pigmentation increased throughout development; the mouth was ventrally situated in the yolk-sac stage, becoming subterminal afterwards, and an embryonic fin was visible in all four stages observed. Post-flexion larval P. bristskii are distinguished from larval P. ortmanni by having 47-50 myomeres (v. 36).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara C Almeida
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Programa de Pós-graduação em Aquicultura do Centro de Aquicultura, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo J Message
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Paraná, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisas em Recursos Pesqueiros e Limnologia (Gerpel), Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paulo V Sanches
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Paraná, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisas em Recursos Pesqueiros e Limnologia (Gerpel), Paraná, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Pesqueiros e Engenharia de Pesca, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Dirceu Baumgartner
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Paraná, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisas em Recursos Pesqueiros e Limnologia (Gerpel), Paraná, Brazil
| | - Robie A Bombardelli
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Paraná, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisas em Recursos Pesqueiros e Limnologia (Gerpel), Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gilmar Baumgartner
- Grupo de Pesquisas em Recursos Pesqueiros e Limnologia (Gerpel), Paraná, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Pesqueiros e Engenharia de Pesca, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Langeani Francisco
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Programa de Pós-graduação em Aquicultura do Centro de Aquicultura, São Paulo, Brazil
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Cabrera-Castro R, Zabala C, Soriguer MC, Domezain A, Hernando JA. Morphological development in the first life phase of Adriatic sturgeon Acipenser naccarii under controlled conditions. J Fish Biol 2018; 92:1956-1974. [PMID: 29672853 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Early development of the Adriatic sturgeon Acipenser naccarii from its free embryo after hatching (stage 36), until late embryo stage, when the transition to exogenous feeding starts (stage 45) is described. Special emphasis is given to morphological development and description of the different structures that are formed at each life stage. After hatching, free embryos still present embryonic characteristics, little pigmentation and an ovoid yolk sac. The mouth begins to open on the second day post hatch (dph) and is fully open at 3 dph. The head begins to separate from the body at 4 dph and straightens at 6 dph. The first fins to appear are the pectoral fins on the yolk sac and an embryological fin fold that extends from behind the head to the posterior part of the yolk sac. All other fins will develop from this fold. At 7 dph the caudal fin begins to take a heterocercal form and dorsal scutes are observed. This study provides information that will assist aquaculturists by establishing a reference for the normal development of A. naccarii, which may be useful for evaluating the suitability and quality of fish produced for restocking.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cabrera-Castro
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Marinas (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Avda. República Saharaui, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Universidad de Cádiz. Avda. República Saharaui, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - C Zabala
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Universidad de Cádiz. Avda. República Saharaui, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - M C Soriguer
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Universidad de Cádiz. Avda. República Saharaui, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - A Domezain
- Caviar de Riofrío S.L. Camino de la Piscifactoria n° 2, 18313 Riofrio, Granada, Spain
| | - J A Hernando
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Universidad de Cádiz. Avda. República Saharaui, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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39
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Saemi-Komsari M, Mousavi-Sabet H, Kratochwil CF, Sattari M, Eagderi S, Meyer A. Early developmental and allometric patterns in the electric yellow cichlid Labidochromis caeruleus. J Fish Biol 2018; 92:1888-1901. [PMID: 29624691 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The electric yellow cichlid Labidochromis caeruleus is a mouth-brooding haplochromine cichlid from Lake Malawi and one of the most popular cichlids in the ornamental fish industry. To investigate the early development of L. caeruleus from hatching until the juvenile stage, we studied its morphological development and allometric growth patterns. In newly-hatched larvae, most organs and body parts were not yet differentiated and continued to develop until 15 days post hatching (dph). The yolk sac was depleted at 13 dph. There was allometric growth, primarily in the anterior and posterior regions of the body, and inflection points when trajectories of allometric growth changed. Head and tail growth was prioritized, suggesting that body parts linked to feeding and swimming behaviour mature earlier than the rest of the body. Additionally, growth patterns revealed that development of organs related to vital functions such as branchial respiration, sensation, exogenous feeding and swimming was prioritized. Comparisons with other African and Neotropical cichlids revealed differences in ontogenetic processes and allometric growth along the anterior-posterior axis as well as variation in developmental timing. These results indicate how early morphological development and ontogenic processes might respond to the distinctive parental care observed in mouth-brooding cichlids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saemi-Komsari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran
| | - H Mousavi-Sabet
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran
| | - C F Kratochwil
- Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran
| | - M Sattari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran
| | - S Eagderi
- Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - A Meyer
- Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany
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40
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Arevalo E, Panserat S, Seiliez I, Larrañaga A, Bardonnet A. Effect of food shortage and temperature on age 0+ salmonids: a contribution to predict the effects of climate change. J Fish Biol 2018; 92:642-652. [PMID: 29363133 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Brown trout Salmo trutta alevins were maintained at 8 and 11° C at three conditions over a 9 day period from yolk sac exhaustion: fed ad libitum, starved or fed ad libitum after starvation. Whole-body gene expressions for proteins involved in energy metabolism and the two primary proteolytic pathways were assessed. This study is the first to show an over-expression of proteasome and autophagy-related genes in young stages of salmonids, particularly at 11° C.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Arevalo
- ECOBIOP, UMR 1224, INRA, Université de Pau & Pays Adour, 64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - S Panserat
- NUMEA, UMR 1419, INRA, Université de Pau & Pays Adour, 64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - I Seiliez
- NUMEA, UMR 1419, INRA, Université de Pau & Pays Adour, 64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - A Larrañaga
- Laboratory of Stream Ecology, University of the Basque Country, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - A Bardonnet
- ECOBIOP, UMR 1224, INRA, Université de Pau & Pays Adour, 64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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41
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de Jong IC, van Riel J, Bracke MBM, van den Brand H. A 'meta-analysis' of effects of post-hatch food and water deprivation on development, performance and welfare of chickens. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189350. [PMID: 29236747 PMCID: PMC5728577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A 'meta-analysis' was performed to determine effects of post-hatch food and water deprivation (PHFWD) on chicken development, performance and welfare (including health). Two types of meta-analysis were performed on peer-reviewed scientific publications: a quantitative 'meta-analysis' (MA) and a qualitative analysis (QA). Previously reported effects of PHFWD were quantified in the MA, for variables related to performance, mortality and relative yolk sac weight. The QA counted the number of studies reporting (non-)significant effects when five or more records were available in the data set (i.e. relative heart, liver and pancreas weight; plasma T3, T4 and glucose concentrations; relative duodenum, jejunum and ileum weight; duodenum, jejunum and ileum length; and villus height and crypt depth in duodenum, jejunum and ileum). MA results indicated that 24 hours of PHFWD (i.e. ≥12-36 hours) or more resulted in significantly lower body weights compared to early-fed chickens up to six weeks of age. Body weights and food intake were more reduced as durations of PHFWD (24, 48, 72, ≥84 hours) increased. Feed conversion rate increased in chickens up to 21 and 42 days of age after ≥84 hours PHFWD in comparison with chickens fed earlier. Total mortality at day 42 was higher in chickens after 48 hours PHFWD compared to early fed chickens or chickens after 24 hours PHFWD. First week mortality was higher in chickens after ≥84 hours PHFWD than in early fed chickens. The MA for relative yolk sac weight was inconclusive for PHFWD. The QA for plasma T3, T4 and glucose concentrations indicated mainly short-term decreases in T3 and glucose in PHFWD chickens compared to early fed chickens, and no effects of PHFWD on T4 concentrations. Relative weights of liver, pancreas and heart were lower after PHFWD, but only in the first week of life. A retarded development of gut segments (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) was found in the first week of life, measured as shorter, lower relative weight, and lower villus height and crypt depth. It is concluded that 48 hours (≥36-60 hours) PHFWD leads to lower body weights and higher total mortality in chickens up to six weeks of age, the latter suggesting compromised chicken welfare, but effects of PHFWD on organ development and physiological status appear to be mainly short-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid C. de Jong
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Johan van Riel
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc B. M. Bracke
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henry van den Brand
- Adaptation Physiology Group,Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Harbi K, Makridis P, Koukoumis C, Papadionysiou M, Vgenis T, Kornaros M, Ntaikou I, Giokas S, Dailianis S. Evaluation of a battery of marine species-based bioassays against raw and treated municipal wastewaters. J Hazard Mater 2017; 321:537-546. [PMID: 27676080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates a battery of marine species-based bioassays against chemically characterized municipal wastewater samples (raw and WWTP treated). We estimated Dunaliella tertiolecta growth rate inhibition (24-96h IC50 values), Artemia franciscana immobilization (24h LC50 values), mussel hemocytes viability and lipid peroxidation enhancement (in terms of neutral red retention assay/NRRT and malondialdehyde/MDA content, respectively) in influent- and WWTP effluent-treated species. We found algal growth arrest and stimulation respectively, almost similar 24hLC50 values in Artemia sp., and significantly higher adverse effects (in terms of NRRT and MDA levels) in influent-treated mussel hemocytes. Furthermore, the estimation of hatchability, yolk-sac larvae mortality (24-120hLC50) and spinal deformities (SD) in sea bream Sparus aurata showed slight variations over time, with the lowest LC50 and SD50 (representing spinal deformities at 50% of yolk-sac larvae) values to be observed in influent-treated larvae at 120h. Data interpretation (both chemical and biological) revealed that toxic endpoints, such as NRRT50, 96hIC50Dun, 120hLC50Sparus and 120hSD50Sparus, significantly related to WWTP removal efficiency and further mediated by the presence of dominant compounds, such as As and Cr, could be used for identifying main components of toxicity in wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassiani Harbi
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR 26 500, Greece
| | - Pavlos Makridis
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR 26 500, Greece
| | - Christos Koukoumis
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori St., University Campus, GR 26 500, Patras, Greece
| | - Marina Papadionysiou
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori St., University Campus, GR 26 500, Patras, Greece
| | - Theodoros Vgenis
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori St., University Campus, GR 26 500, Patras, Greece
| | - Michael Kornaros
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori St., University Campus, GR 26 500, Patras, Greece
| | - Ioanna Ntaikou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas (ICEHT/FORTH), 10 Stadiou St., Platani, GR 26 504, Patras, Greece
| | - Sinos Giokas
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR 26 500, Greece
| | - Stefanos Dailianis
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR 26 500, Greece.
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43
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Mari L, Garaud L, Evanno G, Lasne E. Higher temperature exacerbates the impact of sediments on embryo performances in a salmonid. Biol Lett 2016; 12:20160745. [PMID: 28003520 PMCID: PMC5206588 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In a warming climate, higher temperatures are likely to modulate positively or negatively the effect of other environmental factors on biota, although such interactions are poorly documented. Here, we explore under controlled conditions the combined effects of two common stressors in freshwater ecosystems, higher temperature and sediment load, on the embryonic development of arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.). In the warm treatment, embryos had a lower survival, a longer incubation period and a smaller body size with a bigger yolk sac volume. Our data show a significant interaction between temperature and sediment load with temperature increasing dramatically the negative effects of sediment load on fitness-related traits. In the climate change context, these findings highlight the importance of taking into account different thermal scenarios when examining the effect of environmental or anthropogenic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Garaud
- UMR CARRTEL INRA/USMB, 74203 Thonon-les-Bains Cedex, France
| | | | - Emilien Lasne
- UMR CARRTEL INRA/USMB, 74203 Thonon-les-Bains Cedex, France
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Abstract
Cancer cell vascular invasion and extravasation is a hallmark of metastatic progression. Traditional in vitro models of cancer cell invasion of endothelia typically lack the fluid dynamics that invading cells are otherwise exposed to in vivo. However, in vivo systems such as mouse models, though more physiologically relevant, require longer experimental timescales and present unique challenges associated with monitoring and data analysis. Here we describe a zebrafish assay that seeks to bridge this technical gap by allowing for the rapid assessment of cancer cell vascular invasion and extravasation. The approach involves injecting fluorescent cancer cells into the precardiac sinus of transparent 2-day old zebrafish embryos whose vasculature is marked by a contrasting fluorescent reporter. Following injection, the cancer cells must survive in circulation and subsequently extravasate from vessels into tissues in the caudal region of the embryo. Extravasated cancer cells are efficiently identified and scored in live embryos via fluorescence imaging at a fixed timepoint. This technique can be modified to study intravasation and/or competition amongst a heterogeneous mixture of cancer cells by changing the injection site to the yolk sac. Together, these methods can evaluate a hallmark behavior of cancer cells and help uncover mechanisms indicative of malignant progression to the metastatic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Berens
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University
| | - Ghada M Sharif
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University
| | - Anton Wellstein
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University;
| | - Eric Glasgow
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University;
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45
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Faustino F, Makino LC, Neumann E, Nakaghi LSO. Morphological and morphometric aspects of early life stages of piabanha Brycon gouldingi (Characidae). J Fish Biol 2015; 86:1491-1506. [PMID: 25809317 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Adult specimens of piabanha Brycon gouldingi were collected from Rio das Mortes (Mato Grosso, Brazil), adapted to captivity and induced to spawn at Buriti Fisheries (Nova Mutum, MT, Brazil). The early developmental stages of B. gouldingi were then characterized. Samples were collected at pre-determined times from oocyte extrusion to total yolk absorption. Oocyte diameter, total larval length (LT ) and yolk-sac volume were measured. The mean ± s.d. duration of embryo developmental of B. gouldingi was 13·90 ± 0·06 h at 26·40 ± 1·13° C. The mean ± s.d. oocyte diameter was 1·13 ± 0·06 mm with 54% of oocytes ranging from 1·11 to 1·20 mm. Seven stages characterized the early developmental phase of this species: zygote, cleavage, morula, blastula, gastrula, histogenesis-organogenesis and hatching, with unique features related to each stage. At hatching, the larvae measured 3·40 ± 0·07 mm, presented an elongated shape with yolk-sac volume of 0·46 ± 0·08 µl, non-pigmented eyes and exhibited swimming ability. When the yolk was completely absorbed at 55 h post-hatch, mean ± larval LT was 6·68 ± 0·65 mm, the eyes were highly pigmented and the teeth were visible. These are the first reported findings on the initial developmental stages of B. gouldingi and could be used to improve captive breeding management and conservation practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Faustino
- Centro de Aquicultura da Universidade Estadual Paulista (CAUNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório de Histologia e Embriologia do Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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46
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Seifert J. Changes in mouse liver and chicken embryo yolk sac membrane soluble proteins due to an organophosphorous insecticide (OPI) diazinon linked to several noncholinergic OPI effects in mice and chicken embryos. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2014; 116:74-82. [PMID: 25454523 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify proteins in mouse livers and chicken embryo yolk sac membranes whose quantities were altered by an organophosphorous insecticide (OPI) treatment and which might be linked, based on their functionality, to the recognized noncholinergic effects of OPI. Mice and fertile chicken eggs were treated with an OPI representative diazinon. The quantitative changes in mouse liver and chicken embryo yolk sac membrane soluble proteins caused by diazinon were determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Proteins whose quantity was affected by diazinon were identified by the mass spectrometry. In mouse livers, the altered levels of several enzymes of glucose metabolism were considered with regards to amelioration of hyperglycemia due to diazinon; the reduced levels of 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase to the changes in the l-tryptophan to NAD metabolism caused by pyrimidinyl and crotonamide OPI; the reduced levels of catalase, peroxiredoxin and superoxide dismutase to OPI-increased lipid and/or kynurenine oxidation, the latter effect resulting also in increased urinary excretion of xanthurenic and kynurenic acids; and an increase in glutathione S-methyltransferase to OPI detoxification. In chicken embryo yolk sac membranes, the reduced availability of procollagen-proline dioxygenase may be the factor in micromelia caused by OPI in chicken embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Seifert
- PEPS, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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47
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Cunha ME, Ré P, Quental-Ferreira H, Gavaia PJ, Pousão-Ferreira P. Larval and juvenile development of dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus reared in mesocosms. J Fish Biol 2013; 83:448-465. [PMID: 23991867 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The larval development of the dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus up to the benthic juvenile stage is described in detail to establish a reference for their larval identification. Development is described in terms of ontogenetic changes in morphology, growth, pigmentation, fin structure and skeletal structure. Larvae were reared in mesocosms at a mean temperature of 24·3° C, salinity of 36·5, dissolved oxygen of 6·4 mg l(-1) and pH of 8·2. Newly hatched larvae had an estimated total length (LT ) of 2·3 mm. On the second day post hatching the yolk was almost fully absorbed with traces of the oil globule still present, the eyes were already pigmented and mouth and gut functional. At this stage the cranial skeletal elements for feeding and breathing (mouth and gills) and the pectoral-fin support were already present. About 50% of the observed larvae had food in their guts. Pigmentation was very characteristic, consisting of two large chromatophores visible on the edge of the primordial fin, close to the midpoint of the post-anal region of the body and over the midgut and hindgut and post-anal portion of the body. At 2·9 mm LT the emergence of the second dorsal-fin spine, characteristic of the Epinephilinae, was clearly visible. The pre-flexion stage started in larva of 3·2 mm LT . At 5·5 mm LT the larvae possessed posterior preopercular angle spines, and the dorsal and pelvic spines presented serrated edges and were pigmented. The water surface-tension-related death of the yolk sac and pre-flexion larvae described in the rearing of several other grouper species did not occur during E. marginatus culture. Notochord flexion, with initial ossification of the caudal-fin supporting elements, started at 6·6 mm LT . At this stage the major melanophores, preopercular, dorsal and pelvic spines and mandibular teeth were already present. Transformation of larvae into juveniles occurred when larvae averaged 13·8 mm LT . Juveniles with a mean LT of 20·1 mm started to settle and most of them were benthic with a mean LT of 26·8 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Cunha
- IPMA, Aquaculture Research Station, Av. 5 de Outubro s/n, 8700-305 Olhão, Portugal.
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48
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Poisbleau M, Müller W, Carslake D, Demongin L, Groothuis TGG, Van Camp J, Eens M. Penguin chicks benefit from elevated yolk androgen levels under sibling competition. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42174. [PMID: 22860073 PMCID: PMC3408461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Crested penguins (genus Eudyptes) have a peculiar hatching pattern, with the first-laid egg (A-egg) hatching after the second-laid egg (B-egg) and chicks from A-eggs typically having a much lower survival probability. Maternal yolk androgens have been suggested to contribute to the competitive superiority of the B-chick in southern rockhopper penguins Eudyptes chrysocome, given their important role in mediating sibling competition in other species. We therefore increased the yolk androgen levels in freshly-laid eggs and examined the consequences for sibling competition--via effects on embryonic developmental times, chick growth and early survival. We placed one androgen-treated egg and one control egg into each foster nest, matching them for mass, laying date and laying order. The androgen treatment did not significantly affect embryonic developmental times or chick measurements at hatching. However, elevated yolk androgen levels benefitted chick growth in interaction with the number of siblings in a brood. Chicks from androgen-treated eggs had faster growth in the presence of a sibling than chicks from control eggs. Under these circumstances they also had a higher survival probability. Thus maternal androgens appear to reinforce the observed hatching pattern, facilitating brood reduction. This contrasts to most previous studies in other species where yolk androgens have been shown to compensate for the negative consequences of delayed hatching within the brood hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Poisbleau
- Department of Biology - Ethology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Sandlund N, Rødseth OM, Knappskog DH, Fiksdal IU, Bergh Ø. Comparative susceptibility of turbot, halibut, and cod yolk-sac larvae to challenge with Vibrio spp. Dis Aquat Organ 2010; 89:29-37. [PMID: 20391910 DOI: 10.3354/dao02176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In intensive aquaculture systems, high mortalities are frequently observed during the early life stages of marine fish. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in the susceptibility of turbot Scophthalmus maximus, halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus and cod Gadus morhua to various strains of Vibrio anguillarum (serotypes O1, O2alpha and O2beta), V salmonicida and V splendidus. The bath challenge experiments were performed using a multidish system, with 1 egg well-1. Unchallenged eggs and larvae were used as controls. Larvae in challenged groups that suffered high mortality rates were examined by immunohistochemistry. The overall results with respect to mortality showed that the O2alpha serotype was pathogenic to all 3 species, while the O1 serotype was pathogenic to halibut and cod. The immunohistochemical examinations revealed differences in histopathology. The O1 serotype produced more severe and highly developed infections than the O2alpha serotype. In larvae exposed to the O1 serotype, necrosis and bacterial cells were seen in the dermis, gastrointestinal tract, brain and eye area, while in larvae exposed to the O2alpha serotype, bacteria were usually limited to the gastrointestinal tract. These results suggest either that there are undetermined species differences in host immunity or that these pathogens are host-specific even in the early life stages of fish. The O2beta strain did not cause an increased mortality to halibut and turbot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Sandlund
- Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
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LACKMAN D, PARKER RR. Comparison of the immunogenic and anaphylactogenic properties of Rocky Mountain spotted fever vaccines prepared from infected yolk sacs and from infected tick tissue. Am J Public Health Nations Health 2008; 38:1402-4. [PMID: 18887591 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.38.10.1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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