1
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Scarfò R, Randolph LN, Abou Alezz M, El Khoury M, Gersch A, Li ZY, Luff SA, Tavosanis A, Ferrari Ramondo G, Valsoni S, Cascione S, Didelon E, Passerini L, Amodio G, Brandas C, Villa A, Gregori S, Merelli I, Freund JN, Sturgeon CM, Tavian M, Ditadi A. CD32 captures committed haemogenic endothelial cells during human embryonic development. Nat Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41556-024-01403-0. [PMID: 38594587 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
During embryonic development, blood cells emerge from specialized endothelial cells, named haemogenic endothelial cells (HECs). As HECs are rare and only transiently found in early developing embryos, it remains difficult to distinguish them from endothelial cells. Here we performed transcriptomic analysis of 28- to 32-day human embryos and observed that the expression of Fc receptor CD32 (FCGR2B) is highly enriched in the endothelial cell population that contains HECs. Functional analyses using human embryonic and human pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells revealed that robust multilineage haematopoietic potential is harboured within CD32+ endothelial cells and showed that 90% of CD32+ endothelial cells are bona fide HECs. Remarkably, these analyses indicated that HECs progress through different states, culminating in FCGR2B expression, at which point cells are irreversibly committed to a haematopoietic fate. These findings provide a precise method for isolating HECs from human embryos and human pluripotent stem cell cultures, thus allowing the efficient generation of haematopoietic cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Scarfò
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lauren N Randolph
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Monah Abou Alezz
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mahassen El Khoury
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Amélie Gersch
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Zhong-Yin Li
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie A Luff
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Tavosanis
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Ferrari Ramondo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Valsoni
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Cascione
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Emma Didelon
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Passerini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada Amodio
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Brandas
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Villa
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Gregori
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Merelli
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Jean-Noël Freund
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM U1256-NGERE, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Christopher M Sturgeon
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manuela Tavian
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Andrea Ditadi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Collins TB, Laranjeira ABA, Kong T, Fulbright MC, Fisher DAC, Sturgeon CM, Batista LFZ, Oh ST. Altered erythropoiesis via JAK2 and ASXL1 mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Exp Hematol 2024; 132:104178. [PMID: 38340948 PMCID: PMC10978257 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are driven by hyperactivation of JAK-STAT signaling but can demonstrate skewed hematopoiesis upon acquisition of additional somatic mutations. Here, using primary MPN samples and engineered embryonic stem cells, we demonstrate that mutations in JAK2 induced a significant increase in erythroid colony formation, whereas mutations in additional sex combs-like 1 (ASXL1) led to an erythroid colony defect. RNA-sequencing revealed upregulation of protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) induced by mutant ASXL1. Furthermore, genetic perturbation of PRMT6 exacerbated the MPN disease burden, including leukemic engraftment and splenomegaly, in patient-derived xenograft models, highlighting a novel tumor-suppressive function of PRMT6. However, augmented erythroid potential and bone marrow human CD71+ cells following PRMT6 knockdown were reserved only for primary MPN samples harboring ASXL1 mutations. Last, treatment of CD34+ hematopoietic/stem progenitor cells with the PRMT6 inhibitor EPZ020411 induced expression of genes involved in heme metabolism, hemoglobin, and erythropoiesis. These findings highlight interactions between JAK2 and ASXL1 mutations and a unique erythroid regulatory network in the context of mutant ASXL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B Collins
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Angelo B A Laranjeira
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Tim Kong
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Mary C Fulbright
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Daniel A C Fisher
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Christopher M Sturgeon
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Luis F Z Batista
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Center for Genome Integrity, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Stephen T Oh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Immunomonitoring Laboratory, Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
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3
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Ghersi JJ, Baldissera G, Hintzen J, Luff SA, Cheng S, Xia IF, Sturgeon CM, Nicoli S. Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell heterogeneity is inherited from the embryonic endothelium. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1135-1145. [PMID: 37460694 PMCID: PMC10415179 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Definitive haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) generate erythroid, lymphoid and myeloid lineages. HSPCs are produced in the embryo via transdifferentiation of haemogenic endothelial cells in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM). HSPCs in the AGM are heterogeneous in differentiation and proliferative output, but how these intrinsic differences are acquired remains unanswered. Here we discovered that loss of microRNA (miR)-128 in zebrafish leads to an expansion of HSPCs in the AGM with different cell cycle states and a skew towards erythroid and lymphoid progenitors. Manipulating miR-128 in differentiating haemogenic endothelial cells, before their transition to HSPCs, recapitulated the lineage skewing in both zebrafish and human pluripotent stem cells. miR-128 promotes Wnt and Notch signalling in the AGM via post-transcriptional repression of the Wnt inhibitor csnk1a1 and the Notch ligand jag1b. De-repression of cskn1a1 resulted in replicative and erythroid-biased HSPCs, whereas de-repression of jag1b resulted in G2/M and lymphoid-biased HSPCs with long-term consequence on the respective blood lineages. We propose that HSPC heterogeneity arises in the AGM endothelium and is programmed in part by Wnt and Notch signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey J Ghersi
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gabriel Baldissera
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jared Hintzen
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephanie A Luff
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Advancement of Blood Cancer Therapies, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Siyuan Cheng
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ivan Fan Xia
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christopher M Sturgeon
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Advancement of Blood Cancer Therapies, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefania Nicoli
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Ditadi A, Sturgeon CM. Back to the future: lessons from development drive innovation of human pluripotent stem cell therapies. Exp Hematol 2023; 117:9-14. [PMID: 36400313 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ditadi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Christopher M Sturgeon
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY.
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5
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Bredemeyer AL, Amrute JM, Koenig AL, Idol RA, He L, Luff SA, Dege C, Leid JM, Schilling JD, Hinson JT, Dinauer MC, Sturgeon CM, Lavine KJ. Derivation of extra-embryonic and intra-embryonic macrophage lineages from human pluripotent stem cells. Development 2022; 149:274430. [PMID: 35178561 PMCID: PMC9124573 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages are increasingly recognized as important determinants of organ homeostasis, tissue repair, remodeling and regeneration. Although the ontogeny and function of tissue-resident macrophages has been identified as distinct from postnatal hematopoiesis, the inability to specify, in vitro, similar populations that recapitulate these developmental waves has limited our ability to study their function and potential for regenerative applications. We took advantage of the concept that tissue-resident macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages originate from distinct extra-embryonic and definitive hematopoietic lineages to devise a system to generate pure cultures of macrophages that resemble tissue-resident or monocyte-derived subsets. We demonstrate that human pluripotent stem cell-derived extra-embryonic-like and intra-embryonic-like hematopoietic progenitors differentiate into morphologically, transcriptionally and functionally distinct macrophage populations. Single-cell RNA sequencing of developing and mature cultures uncovered distinct developmental trajectories and gene expression programs of macrophages derived from extra-embryonic-like and intra-embryonic-like hematopoietic progenitors. These findings establish a resource for the generation of human tissue resident-like macrophages to study their specification and function under defined conditions and to explore their potential use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L. Bredemeyer
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Departmental of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Junedh M. Amrute
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Departmental of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrew L. Koenig
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Departmental of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rachel A. Idol
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Li He
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Departmental of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Luff
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Carissa Dege
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jamison M. Leid
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Departmental of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joel D. Schilling
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Departmental of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - J. Travis Hinson
- Departments of Cardiology, Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA,The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Mary C. Dinauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christopher M. Sturgeon
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA,Authors for correspondence (; )
| | - Kory J. Lavine
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Departmental of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA,Authors for correspondence (; )
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6
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Luff SA, Creamer JP, Valsoni S, Dege C, Scarfò R, Dacunto A, Cascione S, Randolph LN, Cavalca E, Merelli I, Morris SA, Ditadi A, Sturgeon CM. Identification of a retinoic acid-dependent haemogenic endothelial progenitor from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:616-624. [PMID: 35484246 PMCID: PMC9109599 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The generation of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is a major goal for regenerative medicine. During embryonic development, HSCs derive from haemogenic endothelium (HE) in a NOTCH- and retinoic acid (RA)-dependent manner. Although a WNT-dependent (WNTd) patterning of nascent hPSC mesoderm specifies clonally multipotent intra-embryonic-like HOXA+ definitive HE, this HE is functionally unresponsive to RA. Here we show that WNTd mesoderm, before HE specification, is actually composed of two distinct KDR+ CD34neg populations. CXCR4negCYP26A1+ mesoderm gives rise to HOXA+ multilineage definitive HE in an RA-independent manner, whereas CXCR4+ ALDH1A2+ mesoderm gives rise to HOXA+ multilineage definitive HE in a stage-specific, RA-dependent manner. Furthermore, both RA-independent (RAi) and RA-dependent (RAd) HE harbour transcriptional similarity to distinct populations found in the early human embryo, including HSC-competent HE. This revised model of human haematopoietic development provides essential resolution to the regulation and origins of the multiple waves of haematopoiesis. These insights provide the basis for the generation of specific haematopoietic populations, including the de novo specification of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Luff
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - J Philip Creamer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sara Valsoni
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carissa Dege
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca Scarfò
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Analisa Dacunto
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara Cascione
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lauren N Randolph
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cavalca
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Merelli
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Samantha A Morris
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in Saint Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrea Ditadi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Christopher M Sturgeon
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
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7
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Philip Creamer J, Luff SA, Yu H, Sturgeon CM. CD1d expression demarcates CDX4+ hemogenic mesoderm with definitive hematopoietic potential. Stem Cell Res 2022; 62:102808. [PMID: 35569347 PMCID: PMC9193610 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
scRNAseq of early hPSC differentiation reveals a CDX1/2/4+CD1d + mesodermal population. KDR + CD1d + mesoderm efficiently gives rise to hemogenic endothelium with erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid potential. CD1d-derived CD34 + cells robustly express HOXA7/9.
To achieve efficient, reproducible differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) towards specific hematopoietic cell-types, a comprehensive understanding of the necessary cell signaling and developmental trajectories involved is required. Previous studies have identified the mesodermal progenitors of extra-embryonic-like and intra-embryonic-like hemogenic endothelium (HE), via stage-specific WNT and ACTIVIN/NODAL, with GYPA/GYPB (CD235a/b) expression serving as a positive selection marker for mesoderm harboring exclusively extra-embryonic-like hemogenic potential. However, a positive mesodermal cell-surface marker with exclusively intra-embryonic-like hemogenic potential has not been identified. Recently, we reported that early mesodermal expression of CDX4 critically regulates definitive HE specification, suggesting that CDX4 may act in a cell-autonomous manner during hematopoietic development. To identify CDX4+ mesoderm, we performed single cell (sc)RNAseq on hPSC-derived mesodermal cultures, revealing CDX4hi expressing mesodermal populations were uniquely enriched in the non-classical MHC-Class-1 receptor CD1D. Flow cytometry demonstrated approximately 60% of KDR+CD34-CD235a- mesoderm was CD1d+, and CDX4 was robustly enriched within CD1d+ mesoderm. Critically, only CD1d+ mesoderm harbored CD34+ HOXA+ HE with multilineage erythroid-myeloid-lymphoid potential. Thus, CDX4+CD1d+ expression within early mesoderm demarcates an early progenitor of HE. These insights may be used for further study of human hematopoietic development and improve hematopoietic differentiation conditions for regenerative medicine applications.
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8
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Dege C, Fegan KH, Creamer JP, Berrien-Elliott MM, Luff SA, Kim D, Wagner JA, Kingsley PD, McGrath KE, Fehniger TA, Palis J, Sturgeon CM. Potently Cytotoxic Natural Killer Cells Initially Emerge from Erythro-Myeloid Progenitors during Mammalian Development. Dev Cell 2020; 53:229-239.e7. [PMID: 32197069 PMCID: PMC7185477 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a critical component of the innate immune system. However, their ontogenic origin has remained unclear. Here, we report that NK cell potential first arises from Hoxaneg/low Kit+CD41+CD16/32+ hematopoietic-stem-cell (HSC)-independent erythro-myeloid progenitors (EMPs) present in the murine yolk sac. EMP-derived NK cells and primary fetal NK cells, unlike their adult counterparts, exhibit robust degranulation in response to stimulation. Parallel studies using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) revealed that HOXAneg/low CD34+ progenitors give rise to NK cells that, similar to murine EMP-derived NK cells, harbor a potent cytotoxic degranulation bias. In contrast, hPSC-derived HOXA+ CD34+ progenitors, as well as human cord blood CD34+ cells, give rise to NK cells that exhibit an attenuated degranulation response but robustly produce inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, our studies identify an extra-embryonic origin of potently cytotoxic NK cells, suggesting that ontogenic origin is a relevant factor in designing hPSC-derived adoptive immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa Dege
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Katherine H Fegan
- Center for Pediatric Biomedical Research and Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - J Philip Creamer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Melissa M Berrien-Elliott
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stephanie A Luff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Darren Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Julia A Wagner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Paul D Kingsley
- Center for Pediatric Biomedical Research and Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Kathleen E McGrath
- Center for Pediatric Biomedical Research and Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Todd A Fehniger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James Palis
- Center for Pediatric Biomedical Research and Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Christopher M Sturgeon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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9
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Abstract
Being able to summarize properly your work is not an easy task. But learning the skill of writing a good abstract is very important, as it can open many doors, including the possibility to be selected as a speaker at conferences. As meeting abstract reviewers, here we are writing to give you insights into the abstract review process and insiders' tips to help increase your chances of landing on that podium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Sturgeon
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Andrea Ditadi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), Milan 20132, Italy.
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10
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Dege C, Sturgeon CM. Directed Differentiation of Primitive and Definitive Hematopoietic Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29155741 DOI: 10.3791/55196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major goals for regenerative medicine is the generation and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Until recently, efforts to differentiate hPSCs into HSCs have predominantly generated hematopoietic progenitors that lack HSC potential, and instead resemble yolk sac hematopoiesis. These resulting hematopoietic progenitors may have limited utility for in vitro disease modeling of various adult hematopoietic disorders, particularly those of the lymphoid lineages. However, we have recently described methods to generate erythro-myelo-lymphoid multilineage definitive hematopoietic progenitors from hPSCs using a stage-specific directed differentiation protocol, which we outline here. Through enzymatic dissociation of hPSCs on basement membrane matrix-coated plasticware, embryoid bodies (EBs) are formed. EBs are differentiated to mesoderm by recombinant BMP4, which is subsequently specified to the definitive hematopoietic program by the GSK3β inhibitor, CHIR99021. Alternatively, primitive hematopoiesis is specified by the PORCN inhibitor, IWP2. Hematopoiesis is further driven through the addition of recombinant VEGF and supportive hematopoietic cytokines. The resulting hematopoietic progenitors generated using this method have the potential to be used for disease and developmental modeling, in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa Dege
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Division, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Christopher M Sturgeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Division, Washington University in St. Louis;
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Creamer JP, Dege C, Ren Q, Ho JTK, Valentine MC, Druley TE, Sturgeon CM. Human definitive hematopoietic specification from pluripotent stem cells is regulated by mesodermal expression of CDX4. Blood 2017; 129:2988-2992. [PMID: 28408465 PMCID: PMC5454336 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-11-749382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of hematopoietic stem cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is a major goal for regenerative medicine. Achieving this goal is complicated by our incomplete understanding of the mechanism regulating definitive hematopoietic specification. We used our stage-specific hPSC differentiation method to obtain and identify, via CD235a expression, mesoderm harboring exclusively primitive or definitive hematopoietic potential to understand the genetic regulation of definitive hematopoietic specification. Whole-transcriptome gene expression analyses on WNT-dependent KDR+CD235a- definitive hematopoietic mesoderm and WNT-independent KDR+CD235a+ primitive hematopoietic mesoderm revealed strong CDX gene expression within definitive hematopoietic mesoderm. Temporal expression analyses revealed that CDX4 was expressed exclusively within definitive hematopoietic KDR+CD235a- mesoderm in a WNT- and fibroblast growth factor-dependent manner. We found that exogenous CDX4 expression exclusively during mesoderm specification resulted in a >90% repression in primitive hematopoietic potential, but conferred fivefold greater definitive hematopoietic potential, similar to that observed following WNT stimulation. In contrast, CDX4 knockout hPSCs had intact primitive hematopoietic potential, but exhibited a fivefold decrease in multilineage definitive hematopoietic potential. Taken together, these findings indicate that CDX4 is a critical transcription factor in the regulation of human definitive hematopoietic specification, and provides a mechanistic basis for WNT-mediated definitive hematopoietic specification from hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qihao Ren
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Christopher M Sturgeon
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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12
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Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provide an unparalleled opportunity to establish in vitro differentiation models that will transform our approach to the study of human development. In the case of the blood system, these models will enable investigation of the earliest stages of human embryonic haematopoiesis that was previously not possible. In addition, they will provide platforms for studying the origins of human blood cell diseases and for generating de novo haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell populations for cell-based regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ditadi
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Christopher M Sturgeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Gordon Keller
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Abstract
Chemical inhibitors of the G2 checkpoint can sensitize p53-defective cancer cells to DNA damage and several are in preclinical or clinical development. These compounds are commonly thought to increase killing at the G2/M transition by forcing cells to divide with unrepaired DNA. We examined the effects of the ATM/ATR inhibitor caffeine and the Chk1 inhibitor isogranulatimide on the clonogenic survival of two p53-defective cell lines, MCF7-mp53 and HCT-116 p53-/- cells, when added at different times after exposure to ionizing radiation. Exposure 16-24 h after irradiation, when G2 arrest is maximal, forced premature entry into mitosis but increased clonogenic survival. Radiosensitization occurred mostly upon exposure between 2 and 16 h after irradiation, correlating with S-phase traversal. These results suggest that inhibition of the S phase activities of ATM/ATR and Chk1 may be more relevant to radiosensitization of p53-defective cells than G2 checkpoint abrogation and that careful scheduling of combination treatments might be required for synergistic antitumour effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Sturgeon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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14
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Miller WG, Myers GL, Gantzer ML, Kahn SE, Schönbrunner ER, Thienpont LM, Bunk DM, Christenson RH, Eckfeldt JH, Stanley GL, Nubling CM, Sturgeon CM. [The ways of harmonization of clinical laboratory measurement techniques]. Klin Lab Diagn 2013:54-61. [PMID: 23808013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The results of implementation of different clinical laboratory techniques are to be equal in clinically significant limits to be optimally applied in diagnostics of diseases and treatment of patients. When the results of laboratory tests are not standardized and harmonized for the very same clinical assay the results can be expressed by unmatched numbers. Unfortunately, in some handbooks the values are presented based on the results of application of specific laboratory techniques without considering possibility or likelihood of differences between various techniques. When this is a case, accumulation of data of diferent clinical research studies and working out of clinical handbooks on this basis will be inconsistent. Inadequate understanding of issue that the results of laboratory tests are not standardized and harmonized can lead to incorrect clinical, financial, managerial or technical decisions. The standardization of clinical laboratory techniques was applied to many measurands related to primary referent techniques (standard specimen of pure substance) or/and developed referent measurement techniques. However, harmonization of clinical laboratory techniques for those measurands which are not related any developed measurement techniques is quite problematic due to inadequate determination of measurand, its inadequate analytical specificity, insufficient attention to commutability of referent materials and poor systematic approach to harmonization. To overcome these issues an infrastructure is to be developed to support systematic approach to identification and prioritization of measurands which are to be harmonized on the basis of clinical importance and technical applicability. The management of technical implementation harmonization process for specific measurands.
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Sturgeon CM, Chicha L, Ditadi A, Zhou Q, McGrath KE, Palis J, Hammond SM, Wang S, Olson EN, Keller G. Primitive erythropoiesis is regulated by miR-126 via nonhematopoietic Vcam-1+ cells. Dev Cell 2012; 23:45-57. [PMID: 22749417 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Primitive erythropoiesis defines the onset of hematopoiesis in the yolk sac of the early embryo and is initiated by the emergence of progenitors assayed as colony-forming cells (EryP-CFCs). EryP-CFCs are detected for only a narrow window during embryonic development, suggesting that both their initiation and termination are tightly controlled. Using the embryonic stem differentiation system to model primitive erythropoiesis, we found that miR-126 regulates the termination of EryP-CFC development. Analyses of miR-126 null embryos revealed that this miR also regulates EryP-CFCs in vivo. We identified vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (Vcam-1) expressed by a mesenchymal cell population as a relevant target of miR-126. Interaction of EryP-CFCs with Vcam-1 accelerated their maturation to ßh1-globin(+) and Ter119(+) cells through a Src family kinase. These findings uncover a cell nonautonomous regulatory pathway for primitive erythropoiesis that may provide insight into the mechanism(s) controlling the developmental switch from primitive to definitive hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Sturgeon
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA.
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Sturgeon CM, Cinel B, Díaz-Marrero AR, McHardy LM, Ngo M, Andersen RJ, Roberge M. Abrogation of ionizing radiation-induced G2 checkpoint and inhibition of nuclear export by Cryptocarya pyrones. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2008; 61:407-13. [PMID: 17440726 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-007-0483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 03/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
G(2) checkpoint inhibitors can force cells arrested in G(2) phase by DNA damage to enter mitosis. In this manner, several G(2) checkpoint inhibitors can enhance killing of cancer cells by ionizing radiation and DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents, particularly in cells lacking p53 function. All G(2) checkpoint inhibitors identified to date target protein phosphorylation by inhibiting checkpoint kinases or phosphatases. Using a phenotypic cell-based assay for G(2) checkpoint inhibitors, we have screened a large collection of plant extracts and identified Z-Cryptofolione and Cryptomoscatone D2 as highly efficacious inhibitors of the G(2) checkpoint. These compounds and related pyrones also inhibit nuclear export. Leptomycin B, a potent inhibitor of Crm1-mediated nuclear export, is also a very potent G(2) checkpoint inhibitor. These compounds possess a reactive Michael acceptor site and do not appear promising as a radiosensitizing agents because they are toxic to unirradiated cells at checkpoint inhibitory concentrations. Nevertheless, the results show that inhibition of nuclear export is an alternative to checkpoint kinase inhibition for abrogating the G(2) checkpoint and they should stimulate the search for less toxic nuclear export inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Sturgeon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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18
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Williams DE, Sturgeon CM, Roberge M, Andersen RJ. Nigricanosides A and B, antimitotic glycolipids isolated from the green alga Avrainvillea nigricans collected in Dominica. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:5822-3. [PMID: 17439220 DOI: 10.1021/ja0715187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David E Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Earth & Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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19
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Brastianos HC, Sturgeon CM, Roberge M, Andersen RJ. Inhibition of the G2 DNA damage checkpoint by oliveroline isolated from Duguetia odorata. J Nat Prod 2007; 70:287-8. [PMID: 17315964 DOI: 10.1021/np060285e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant extracts obtained from the U.S. National Cancer Institute's Open Repository collection have been screened for their ability to inhibit the G2 DNA damage checkpoint. An extract of Duguetia odorata showed promising activity in the assay. Bioassay-guided fractionation revealed that oliveroline (1) was responsible for the G2 checkpoint inhibitory activity of the D. odorata extract. The new alkaloid N-methylguatterine (2) was identified during this investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry C Brastianos
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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20
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Abstract
Gonadotropin measurements contribute significantly to patient management in both endocrinology and oncology. Differences in calibration, antibody specificities and assay design mean that gonadotropin results obtained in different methods are still not comparable. Comparing patient results obtained in different methods therefore remains problematic, whether for individual patient care, when assessing the results of multicentre clinical trials, or when formulating national and international guidelines and recommendations. Achieving improved comparability of results for these important analytes will require clear descriptive nomenclature, accurate calibration with highly purified standards, careful characterization of what gonadotropin isoforms methods are measuring, broad recommendations about the most clinically appropriate antibody combinations, and increased awareness of clinically relevant interferences and the action required to minimise their effect. Encouraging manufacturers to standardize and carefully describe the evaluation methods they use, such that data from different manufacturers can readily be compared, is also a pre-requisite for future progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Sturgeon
- UK NEQAS for Peptide Hormones, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK.
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Abstract
Knowledge of the spectrum of cellular proteins targeted by experimental therapeutic agents would greatly facilitate drug development. However, identifying the targets of drugs is a daunting challenge. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a valuable model organism for human diseases and pathways because it is genetically tractable and shares many functional homolog with humans. In yeast, it is possible to increase or decrease the expression level of essentially every gene and measure changes in drug sensitivity to uncover potential targets. It is also possible to infer mechanism of action from comparing the changes in mRNA expression elicited by drug treatment with those induced by gene deletions or by other drugs. Proteins that bind drugs directly can be identified using yeast protein chips. This review of the use of yeast for discovering targets of drugs discusses the advantages and drawbacks of each approach and how combining methods may reveal targets more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Sturgeon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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22
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Sturgeon CM, Knight ZA, Shokat KM, Roberge M. Effect of combined DNA repair inhibition and G2 checkpoint inhibition on cell cycle progression after DNA damage. Mol Cancer Ther 2006; 5:885-92. [PMID: 16648558 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-05-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In response to DNA damage, cell survival can be enhanced by activation of DNA repair mechanisms and of checkpoints that delay cell cycle progression to allow more time for DNA repair. Inhibiting both responses with drugs might cause cancer cells to undergo cell division in the presence of lethal amounts of unrepaired DNA. However, we show that interfering with DNA repair via inhibition of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) reduces the ability of checkpoint inhibitors to abrogate G2 arrest and their radiosensitizing activity. Cells exposed to the DNA-PK inhibitor AMA37, DNA-PK-deficient cells, and nonhomologous end joining-deficient cells all enter prolonged G2 arrest after exposure to ionizing radiation doses as low as 2 Gy. The checkpoint kinase Chk2 becomes rapidly and transiently overactivated, whereas Chk1 shows sustained overactivation that parallels the prolonged accumulation of cells in G2. Therefore, in irradiated cells, DNA repair inhibition elicits abnormally strong checkpoint signaling that causes essentially irreversible G2 arrest and strongly reduces the ability of checkpoint kinase inhibitors to overcome G2 arrest and radiosensitize cells. Variable levels of proteins controlling DNA repair have been documented in cancer cells. Therefore, these results have relevance to the development of DNA-PK inhibitors and G2 checkpoint inhibitors as experimental therapeutic approaches to enhance the selective killing of tumor cells by radiotherapy or DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Sturgeon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
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23
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Sturgeon CM, Craig K, Brown C, Rundle NT, Andersen RJ, Roberge M. Modulation of the G2 cell cycle checkpoint by sesquiterpene lactones psilostachyins A and C isolated from the common ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Planta Med 2005; 71:938-43. [PMID: 16254826 DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-873109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A phenotypic cell-based assay for inhibitors of the G (2) DNA damage checkpoint was used to screen plant extracts from the US National Cancer Institute Natural Products Repository. It revealed activity in a methanol extract from the common ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Assay-guided fractionation led to the identification of the sesquiterpene lactones psilostachyins A and C as novel checkpoint inhibitors. Elimination of their alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl group caused a loss of activity, suggesting that the compounds can bind covalently to target proteins through Michael addition. Psilostachyins A and C also blocked cells in mitosis and caused the formation of aberrant microtubule spindles. However, the compounds did not interfere with microtubule polymerization in vitro. The related sesquiterpene lactones psilostachyin B, paulitin and isopaulitin were also isolated from the same extract but showed no checkpoint inhibition. The identification of the target(s) of psilostachyins A and C may provide further insight into the signalling pathways involved in cell cycle arrest and mitotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Sturgeon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
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McNally JD, Sturgeon CM, Storey KB. Freeze-induced expression of a novel gene, fr47, in the liver of the freeze-tolerant wood frog, Rana sylvatica. Biochim Biophys Acta 2003; 1625:183-91. [PMID: 12531477 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(02)00603-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability to endure the freezing of body fluids is well developed as an adaptation for winter survival in several species of woodland frogs. Recently, the mechanisms supporting natural freeze tolerance have been shown to include the expression of novel genes. One such novel gene, fr47, codes for a 390-amino acid protein present in the livers of freeze-tolerant anurans (Rana sylvatica, Pseudacris crucifer, Hyla versicolor) but not in freeze-intolerant species (Rana pipiens, Scaphiopus couchii). Regulatory influences on gene and protein expression were investigated using R. sylvatica. Northern blot analysis showed that transcript levels were increased following 24 h of freezing (5.1-fold), 24 h of anoxia exposure (6.4-fold), or the loss of 20% of total body water (2.7-fold). Immunoblotting with anti-FR47 antibody indicated that protein levels increased during freezing and thawing, but decreased somewhat during anoxia or dehydration exposure, although rebounding during recovery. These results suggest that (i) FR47 function is important for freeze survival, and (ii) that control at the protein level may be exerted posttranscriptionally. Finally, assessment of putative signal transduction pathways regulating fr47 gene expression, via in vitro incubations of liver slices, indicated the involvement of a protein kinase C-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dayre McNally
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
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McNally JD, Wu SB, Sturgeon CM, Storey KB. Identification and characterization of a novel freezing inducible gene, li16, in the wood frog Rana sylvatica. FASEB J 2002; 16:902-4. [PMID: 12039874 DOI: 10.1096/fj.02-0017fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The wood frog Rana sylvatica survives for weeks during winter hibernation with up to 65% body water frozen as ice. Natural freeze tolerance includes both seasonal and freeze-induced molecular adaptations that control ice formation, deal with long-term ischemia, regulate cell volume changes, and protect macromolecules. This report identifies and characterizes a novel freeze-inducible gene, li16, that codes for a protein of 115 amino acids. Northern blot analysis showed that li16 transcript levels rose quickly during freezing to reach levels 3.7-fold higher than control values after 24 h; immunoblotting showed a parallel 2.4-fold rise in Li16 protein. Regulatory influences on gene expression were assessed. Nuclear runoff assays confirmed that freezing initiated an increase in the rate of li16 transcription, and analysis of signal transduction pathways via in vitro incubation of liver slices implicated a cGMP-mediated pathway in li16 expression. Gene and protein expression in liver was also strongly stimulated by anoxia exposure, whereas the gene was less responsive to dehydration stress. The strong response of li16 to both freezing and anoxia, and the rapid down-regulation of the gene when oxygen was reintroduced, suggest that the Li16 protein may play a role in ischemia resistance during freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dayre McNally
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
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Abstract
Increasing interest in the use of tumor markers in the clinical management of cancer patients has encouraged development of guidelines by local, national and international groups. Such guidelines generally include recommendations about which markers are likely to be most helpful in given circumstances. Particular requirements and pitfalls in the preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical phases are highlighted. Establishing whether such guidelines are followed in routine practice is difficult, but some indication can be obtained through carefully designed local and national audit projects. Surveys through external quality assessment (proficiency testing) schemes provide a unique means of assessing practice and confirming trends. Such surveys suggest that although increasing numbers of laboratories in the United Kingdom now measure tumor markers, the quality of the service provided over the last ten years has been maintained or improved. While much has already been accomplished, further narrowing of the gap between theory and practice remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Sturgeon
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, EH3 9YW, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION An acute-phase protein response (APPR) has been associated with reduced crude survival rates and increased recurrence following apparently curative resection in patients with colorectal cancer. This study investigated the prognostic significance of a preoperative and postoperative APPR in relation to disease-specific mortality rate. METHODS Some 202 patients with colorectal cancer were followed for at least 5 years. C-reactive protein concentration, measured before and at 3 months after operation, was used as an index of the APPR. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on a number of potential prognostic factors. RESULTS Thirty-six per cent of patients had an APPR and this was associated with a higher rate of local tumour invasion, fewer curative resections and a higher carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) concentration. There was no difference in Dukes' stage between patients with or without an APPR. The most important prognostic factor related to both disease-specific and crude survival was Duke's stage (P < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that APPR had prognostic significance only in patients with advanced disease (P = 0.013). An APPR was present in a minority of patients (11 per cent) after operation and was not associated with increased likelihood of tumour recurrence. CONCLUSION The APPR is increased in more than a third of patients presenting with colorectal cancer and is associated with more frequent local tumour invasion, fewer curative resections and a higher CEA level. An APPR at 3 months after operation does not have the prognostic significance reported by earlier studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Wigmore
- Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Abstract
Study of the glycoprotein hormones, including hCG, is complex and evolving, and has benefited from recent major advances in analytical technology and molecular biology. It is important to be aware of the effect that these technological advances have, both on the analytical and the clinical requirements for provision of a diagnostic service for hCG. Some aspects of particular relevance are summarized in Table 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Sturgeon
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, UK
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Sturgeon CM, Seth J. Why do immunoassays for tumour markers give differing results?--a view from the UK National External Quality Assessment Schemes. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1996; 34:755-9. [PMID: 8891529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
External Quality Assessment schemes can provide unique insight into how current methods are performing in the field. Results from the UK National External Quality Assessment Schemes, which monitor performance of immunoassays for a number of tumour markers and peptide hormones in serum, show that in spite of considerable improvements resulting from increased assay automation, major discrepancies in results obtained are still observed. Reasons for this include poor calibration, use of antibodies of differing specificity, and vulnerability to clinically relevant interferences. Variation in quoted reference ranges is also a cause of concern. Each of these important aspects of performance will require attention if improved between-method and between-laboratory agreement is to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Sturgeon
- UK NEQAS for Peptide Hormones and Related Substances, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Three serum markers, TPS, CA 15.3 and CEA, were used to monitor the response to treatment of 20 patients with metastatic breast cancer. At the time of the first evidence of metastases or at the time of progression of known metastatic disease, 84% of TPS values were above the reference limit, as compared to 74% for CA 15.3 and 84% for CEA. If the treatment instituted was effective, 60% of TPS values showed an early (within 2 or 3 weeks after commencement or change of therapy) reduction in level against only 27% of CA 15.3 and 27% of CEA levels. This suggests that TPS provides a more sensitive and earlier predictor of therapeutic response. In patients with clinical evidence of further progression of disease while on therapy, 86% of TPS values showed persistent elevation or increase, as compared to 71% of CA 15.3 levels and only 36% of CEA levels. It was also noted in these patients that TPS values rose earlier than either CA 15.3 or CEA. This indicates that TPS is a more reliable predictor of response to treatment than the other two markers. In addition, we found that, at the time of presentation, in women who had visceral metastases (liver, lung, or brain alone or in combination), 87% of TPS values were raised, as compared to 80% of CA 15.3 and 73% of CEA values. In women who had bone and soft tissue metastases at presentation, 75% of TPS values were elevated, against 50% of CA 15.3 and 75% of CEA values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Ng
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, U.K
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31
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Turner J, Sturgeon CM. Effect of bowel cleansing and colonoscopy on serum CEA levels. J R Coll Surg Edinb 1993; 38:89-91. [PMID: 8478841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A group of patients being investigated for various forms of colonic pathology showed an apparent rise in serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level following bowel cleansing at the time of colonoscopy, as compared with the 'resting' level. The rise was particularly marked in a small group of patients with colonic polyps or previous colonic resection for carcinoma, suggesting a need for careful timing in the taking of blood samples. The findings may also have diagnostic importance in identification of patients at higher risk of malignant disease of the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Turner
- Dunfermline & West Fife Hospital, UK
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Davey P, Arnott SJ, Sturgeon CM. Carcinoembryonic antigen as a prognostic indicator in the radiotherapeutic management of rectal cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 1987; 13:17-20. [PMID: 2434361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels have been assessed retrospectively in a group of 32 patients with inoperable or recurrent carcinoma of the rectum treated with radiotherapy. Complete clinical regression of pelvic disease was only achieved in patients with pre-treatment CEA levels less than 30 ng/ml when no metastases were present. Pre-treatment CEA assay has a place as a prognostic indicator in the radiotherapeutic management of inoperable or recurrent carcinoma of the rectum.
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Sturgeon CM, Hussey AJ, Beynon L, Ritchie A, Chisholm GD, Micklem L, James K, Seth J. Comparison of radioimmunoassay and immunoradiometric assay for serum prostatic acid phosphatase. Clin Chim Acta 1986; 161:47-57. [PMID: 2434268 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(86)90262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have compared the laboratory performance of immunoradiometric (IRMA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) methods developed in this laboratory for measurement of serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). The IRMA utilizes a radiolabelled mouse monoclonal anti-PAP and a solid phased rabbit polyclonal anti-PAP. The same rabbit antibody is used in the RIA. The IRMA shows excellent precision over a much wider working range (0.25-1000 micrograms/l) than the RIA (0.73-14.0 micrograms/l), and can be completed in 5 h, while the RIA requires 3 days. Levels in healthy males and in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy are similar in both assays, upper limits of normal being 1.8 micrograms/l (IRMA) and 4.7 micrograms/l (RIA). The two assay methods correlate very well (r = 0.97) when PAP is measured in serum from prostatic cancer patients, although IRMA results are generally lower than those obtained by RIA. About 20% of patients with non-metastatic prostatic carcinoma had elevated serum PAP, whereas about 80% of those with metastatic disease had raised levels. The diagnostic efficiencies of the RIA and IRMA appeared similar. The value of the IRMA in follow-up and staging remains to be determined.
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Smith AN, Gordon A, Browning GC, Williams AE, Sturgeon CM, Seth J. Postoperative monitoring of CEA in the prediction of surgical outcome in colorectal cancer. J R Coll Surg Edinb 1985; 30:294-8. [PMID: 4078776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Sturgeon CM, Beynon L, Seth J, Chisholm GD. Comparison of Bolton-Hunter and chloramine-T techniques for the radioiodination of prostatic acid phosphatase. Ann Clin Biochem 1983; 20 Pt 2:112-5. [PMID: 6682642 DOI: 10.1177/000456328302000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A double antibody, semi-automated radioimmunoassay for serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) is described, which uses the 125I-labelled N-succinimidyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate ester of PAP. This type of label has substantially higher immunoreactivity than that prepared using the chloramine-T method of radioiodination. Chromatographic purification of either label on Ultrogel ACA44 further improved immunoreactivity. The lowest detection limit (0 . 35 micrograms/l) was achieved with the chromatographically purified ester label.
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Miller WR, Sturgeon CM, Walker RA. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in explants of human breast cancer: comparison of immunohistochemical detection and release during short-term culture. Br J Cancer 1983; 47:429-32. [PMID: 6299320 PMCID: PMC2011296 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1983.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Sturgeon RJ, Sturgeon CM. Affinity chromatography of sialoglycoproteins, utilising the interaction of serotonin with n-acetylneuraminic acid and its derivatives. Carbohydr Res 1982; 103:213-9. [PMID: 6180829 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)80684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin, immobilised on Sepharose 4B, has been used to study the affinity chromatography of neuraminic acid and its derivatives. Free N-acetylneuraminic acid and oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and glycoproteins containing that sugar are specifically bound to the columns. Removal of neuraminic acid from sialoglycoconjugates, or modification of the neuraminic acid residues by periodate oxidation, abolishes their ability to bind to the ligand. The presence of the N-acetyl group, but not the N-glycolyl group, and the integrity of the side chain (C-7-C-9) of the neuraminic acid are essential for binding to serotonin.
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Sturgeon CM. Protein markers in disease (3). Carcinoembryonic antigen as a tumour marker. J R Coll Surg Edinb 1978; 23:319-25. [PMID: 702421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Marshall JJ, Sturgeon CM, Whelan WJ. Solubilization of porcine intestinal alpha-glucosidases and evidence for the separate identities of isomaltase and limit dextrinase. Anal Biochem 1977; 82:435-44. [PMID: 333984 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(77)90181-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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