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Das JM, Upadhyay J, Monaghan MG, Borah R. Impact of the Reduction Time-Dependent Electrical Conductivity of Graphene Nanoplatelet-Coated Aligned Bombyx mori Silk Scaffolds on Electrically Stimulated Axonal Growth. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2024; 7:2389-2401. [PMID: 38502100 PMCID: PMC11022174 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Graphene-based nanomaterials, renowned for their outstanding electrical conductivity, have been extensively studied as electroconductive biomaterials (ECBs) for electrically stimulated tissue regeneration. However, using eco-friendly reducing agents like l-ascorbic acid (l-Aa) can result in lower conductive properties in these ECBs, limiting their full potential for smooth charge transfer in living tissues. Moreover, creating a flexible biomaterial scaffold using these materials that accurately mimics a specific tissue microarchitecture, such as nerves, poses additional challenges. To address these issues, this study developed a microfibrous scaffold of Bombyx mori (Bm) silk fibroin uniformly coated with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) through a vacuum coating method. The scaffold's electrical conductivity was optimized by varying the reduction period using l-Aa. The research systematically investigated how different reduction periods impact scaffold properties, focusing on electrical conductivity and its significance on electrically stimulated axonal growth in PC12 cells. Results showed that a 48 h reduction significantly increased surface electrical conductivity by 100-1000 times compared to a shorter or no reduction process. l-Aa contributed to stabilizing the reduced GNPs, demonstrated by a slow degradation profile and sustained conductivity even after 60 days in a proteolytic environment. β (III) tubulin immunostaining of PC12 cells on varied silk:GNP scaffolds under pulsed electrical stimulation (ES, 50 Hz frequency, 1 ms pulse width, and amplitudes of 100 and 300 mV/cm) demonstrates accelerated axonal growth on scaffolds exhibiting higher conductivity. This is supported by upregulated intracellular Ca2+ dynamics immediately after ES on the scaffolds with higher conductivity, subjected to a prolonged reduction period. The study showcases a sustainable reduction approach using l-Aa in combination with natural Bm silk fibroin to create a highly conductive, mechanically robust, and stable silk:GNP-based aligned fibrous scaffold. These scaffolds hold promise for functional regeneration in electrically excitable tissues such as nerves, cardiac tissue, and muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitu Mani Das
- Life
Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced
Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati 781035, India
| | - Jnanendra Upadhyay
- Department
of Physics, Dakshin Kamrup College, Kamrup, Mirza, Assam 781125, India
| | - Michael G. Monaghan
- Department
of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D2, Ireland
- Advanced
Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER), Centre at Trinity College Dublin and the Royal College of Surgeons
in Ireland, Dublin D2, Ireland
- Trinity
Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity
College Dublin, Dublin D2, Ireland
- CÚRAM,
Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Rajiv Borah
- Life
Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced
Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati 781035, India
- Department
of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D2, Ireland
- Advanced
Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER), Centre at Trinity College Dublin and the Royal College of Surgeons
in Ireland, Dublin D2, Ireland
- Trinity
Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity
College Dublin, Dublin D2, Ireland
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2
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Neto NGB, Suku M, Hoey DA, Monaghan MG. 2P-FLIM unveils time-dependent metabolic shifts during osteogenic differentiation with a key role of lactate to fuel osteogenesis via glutaminolysis identified. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:364. [PMID: 38087380 PMCID: PMC10717614 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) utilize discrete biosynthetic pathways to self-renew and differentiate into specific cell lineages, with undifferentiated hMSCs harbouring reliance on glycolysis and hMSCs differentiating towards an osteogenic phenotype relying on oxidative phosphorylation as an energy source. METHODS In this study, the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was assessed and classified over 14 days using a non-invasive live-cell imaging modality-two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (2P-FLIM). This technique images and measures NADH fluorescence from which cellular metabolism is inferred. RESULTS During osteogenesis, we observe a higher dependence on oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) for cellular energy, concomitant with an increased reliance on anabolic pathways. Guided by these non-invasive observations, we validated this metabolic profile using qPCR and extracellular metabolite analysis and observed a higher reliance on glutaminolysis in the earlier time points of osteogenic differentiation. Based on the results obtained, we sought to promote glutaminolysis further by using lactate, to improve the osteogenic potential of hMSCs. Higher levels of mineral deposition and osteogenic gene expression were achieved when treating hMSCs with lactate, in addition to an upregulation of lactate metabolism and transmembrane cellular lactate transporters. To further clarify the interplay between glutaminolysis and lactate metabolism in osteogenic differentiation, we blocked these pathways using BPTES and α-CHC respectively. A reduction in mineralization was found after treatment with BPTES and α-CHC, demonstrating the reliance of hMSC osteogenesis on glutaminolysis and lactate metabolism. CONCLUSION In summary, we demonstrate that the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs has a temporal metabolic profile and shift that is observed as early as day 3 of cell culture using 2P-FLIM. Furthermore, extracellular lactate is shown as an essential metabolite and metabolic fuel to ensure efficient osteogenic differentiation and as a signalling molecule to promote glutaminolysis. These findings have significant impact in the use of 2P-FLIM to discover potent approaches towards bone tissue engineering in vitro and in vivo by engaging directly with metabolite-driven osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno G B Neto
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Parsons Building, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Meenakshi Suku
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Parsons Building, Dublin 2, Ireland
- CURAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David A Hoey
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Parsons Building, Dublin 2, Ireland
- CURAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Advanced Materials for Bioengineering Research (AMBER), Centre, Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael G Monaghan
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Parsons Building, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- CURAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
- Advanced Materials for Bioengineering Research (AMBER), Centre, Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Monaghan MG, Borah R, Thomsen C, Browne S. Thou shall not heal: Overcoming the non-healing behaviour of diabetic foot ulcers by engineering the inflammatory microenvironment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115120. [PMID: 37884128 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a devastating complication for diabetic patients that have debilitating effects and can ultimately lead to limb amputation. Healthy wounds progress through the phases of healing leading to tissue regeneration and restoration of the barrier function of the skin. In contrast, in diabetic patients dysregulation of these phases leads to chronic, non-healing wounds. In particular, unresolved inflammation in the DFU microenvironment has been identified as a key facet of chronic wounds in hyperglyceamic patients, as DFUs fail to progress beyond the inflammatory phase and towards resolution. Thus, control over and modulation of the inflammatory response is a promising therapeutic avenue for DFU treatment. This review discusses the current state-of-the art regarding control of the inflammatory response in the DFU microenvironment, with a specific focus on the development of biomaterials-based delivery strategies and their cargos to direct tissue regeneration in the DFU microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Monaghan
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER), Centre at Trinity College Dublin and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Rajiv Borah
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER), Centre at Trinity College Dublin and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Charlotte Thomsen
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shane Browne
- CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
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Barroso M, Monaghan MG, Niesner R, Dmitriev RI. Probing organoid metabolism using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM): The next frontier of drug discovery and disease understanding. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 201:115081. [PMID: 37647987 PMCID: PMC10543546 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Organoid models have been used to address important questions in developmental and cancer biology, tissue repair, advanced modelling of disease and therapies, among other bioengineering applications. Such 3D microenvironmental models can investigate the regulation of cell metabolism, and provide key insights into the mechanisms at the basis of cell growth, differentiation, communication, interactions with the environment and cell death. Their accessibility and complexity, based on 3D spatial and temporal heterogeneity, make organoids suitable for the application of novel, dynamic imaging microscopy methods, such as fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and related decay time-assessing readouts. Several biomarkers and assays have been proposed to study cell metabolism by FLIM in various organoid models. Herein, we present an expert-opinion discussion on the principles of FLIM and PLIM, instrumentation and data collection and analysis protocols, and general and emerging biosensor-based approaches, to highlight the pioneering work being performed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Barroso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Michael G Monaghan
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 02, Ireland
| | - Raluca Niesner
- Dynamic and Functional In Vivo Imaging, Freie Universität Berlin and Biophysical Analytics, German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruslan I Dmitriev
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Light Microscopy Core, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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5
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Solazzo M, Monaghan MG. A Workflow to Produce a Low-Cost In Vitro Platform for the Electric-Field Pacing of Cellularised 3D Porous Scaffolds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:4573-4582. [PMID: 37531298 PMCID: PMC10428090 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous electrically mediated signaling is a key feature of most native tissues, the most notable examples being the nervous and the cardiac systems. Biomedical engineering often aims to harness and drive such activity in vitro, in bioreactors to study cell disease and differentiation, and often in three-dimensional (3D) formats with the help of biomaterials, with most of these approaches adopting scaffold-free self-assembling strategies to create 3D tissues. In essence, this is the casting of gels which self-assemble in response to factors such as temperature or pH and have capacity to harbor cells during this process without imparting toxicity. However, the use of materials that do not self-assemble but can support 3D encapsulation of cells (such as porous scaffolds) warrants consideration given the larger repertoire this would provide in terms of material physicochemical properties and microstructure. In this method and protocol paper, we detail and provide design codes and assembly instructions to cheaply create an electrical pacing bioreactor and a Rig for Stimulation of Sponge-like Scaffolds (R3S). This setup has also been engineered to simultaneously perform live optical imaging of the in vitro models. To showcase a pilot exploration of material physiochemistry (in this aspect material conductivity) and microstructure (isotropy versus anisotropy), we adopt isotropic and anisotropic porous scaffolds composed of collagen or poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) for their contrasting conductivity properties yet similar in porosity and mechanical integrity. Electric field pacing of mouse C3H10 cells on anisotropic porous scaffolds placed in R3S led to increased metabolic activity and enhanced cell alignment. Furthermore, after 7 days electrical pacing drove C3H10 alignment regardless of material conductivity or anisotropy. This platform and its design, which we have shared, have wide suitability for the study of electrical pacing of cellularized scaffolds in 3D in vitro cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Solazzo
- Department
of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, 152−160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity
Centre for Biomedical Engineering, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Michael G. Monaghan
- Department
of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, 152−160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced
Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre at Trinity College Dublin and the Royal College of Surgeons
in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- CÚRAM,
Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Newcastle Road, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
- Trinity
Centre for Biomedical Engineering, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
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6
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Asaro GA, Solazzo M, Suku M, Spurling D, Genoud K, Gonzalez JG, Brien FJO, Nicolosi V, Monaghan MG. MXene functionalized collagen biomaterials for cardiac tissue engineering driving iPSC-derived cardiomyocyte maturation. NPJ 2D Mater Appl 2023; 7:44. [PMID: 38665478 PMCID: PMC11041746 DOI: 10.1038/s41699-023-00409-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Electroconductive biomaterials are gaining significant consideration for regeneration in tissues where electrical functionality is of crucial importance, such as myocardium, neural, musculoskeletal, and bone tissue. In this work, conductive biohybrid platforms were engineered by blending collagen type I and 2D MXene (Ti3C2Tx) and afterwards covalently crosslinking; to harness the biofunctionality of the protein component and the increased stiffness and enhanced electrical conductivity (matching and even surpassing native tissues) that two-dimensional titanium carbide provides. These MXene platforms were highly biocompatible and resulted in increased proliferation and cell spreading when seeded with fibroblasts. Conversely, they limited bacterial attachment (Staphylococcus aureus) and proliferation. When neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (nrCMs) were cultured on the substrates increased spreading and viability up to day 7 were studied when compared to control collagen substrates. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) were seeded and stimulated using electric-field generation in a custom-made bioreactor. The combination of an electroconductive substrate with an external electrical field enhanced cell growth, and significantly increased cx43 expression. This in vitro study convincingly demonstrates the potential of this engineered conductive biohybrid platform for cardiac tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe A. Asaro
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2 Ireland
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER), Centre at Trinity College Dublin and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, 2 Ireland
| | - Matteo Solazzo
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2 Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2 Ireland
| | - Meenakshi Suku
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2 Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2 Ireland
- CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
| | - Dahnan Spurling
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER), Centre at Trinity College Dublin and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, 2 Ireland
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2 Ireland
| | - Katelyn Genoud
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER), Centre at Trinity College Dublin and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, 2 Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, 2 Ireland
| | - Javier Gutierrez Gonzalez
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER), Centre at Trinity College Dublin and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, 2 Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, 2 Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O’ Brien
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER), Centre at Trinity College Dublin and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, 2 Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2 Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, 2 Ireland
| | - Valeria Nicolosi
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER), Centre at Trinity College Dublin and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, 2 Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2 Ireland
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2 Ireland
| | - Michael G. Monaghan
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2 Ireland
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER), Centre at Trinity College Dublin and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, 2 Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2 Ireland
- CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
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7
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Chariyev-Prinz F, Szojka A, Neto N, Burdis R, Monaghan MG, Kelly DJ. An assessment of the response of human MSCs to hydrostatic pressure in environments supportive of differential chondrogenesis. J Biomech 2023; 154:111590. [PMID: 37163962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stimulation can modulate the chondrogenic differentiation of stem/progenitor cells and potentially benefit tissue engineering (TE) of functional articular cartilage (AC). Mechanical cues like hydrostatic pressure (HP) are often applied to cell-laden scaffolds, with little optimization of other key parameters (e.g. cell density, biomaterial properties) known to effect lineage commitment. In this study, we first sought to establish cell seeding densities and fibrin concentrations supportive of robust chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). High cell densities (15*106 cells/ml) were more supportive of sGAG deposition on a per cell basis, while collagen deposition was higher at lower seeding densities (5*106 cells/ml). Employment of lower fibrin (2.5 %) concentration hydrogels supported more robust chondrogenesis of hMSCs, with higher collagen type II and lower collagen type X deposition compared to 5 % hydrogels. The application of HP to hMSCs maintained in identified chondro-inductive culture conditions had little effect on overall levels of cartilage-specific matrix production. However, if hMSCs were first temporally primed with TGF-β3 before its withdrawal, they responded to HP by increased sGAG production. The response to HP in higher cell density cultures was also associated with a metabolic shift towards glycolysis, which has been linked with a mature chondrocyte-like phenotype. These results suggest that mechanical stimulation may not be necessary to engineer functional AC grafts using hMSCs if other culture conditions have been optimised. However, such bioreactor systems can potentially be employed to better understand how engineered tissues respond to mechanical loading in vivo once removed from in vitro culture environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Chariyev-Prinz
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alex Szojka
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nuno Neto
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ross Burdis
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael G Monaghan
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Shanley LC, Mahon OR, O'Rourke SA, Neto NGB, Monaghan MG, Kelly DJ, Dunne A. Macrophage metabolic profile is altered by hydroxyapatite particle size. Acta Biomater 2023; 160:311-321. [PMID: 36754270 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Since the recent observation that immune cells undergo metabolic reprogramming upon activation, there has been immense research in this area to not only understand the basis of such changes, but also to exploit metabolic rewiring for therapeutic benefit. In a resting state, macrophages preferentially utilise oxidative phosphorylation to generate energy; however, in the presence of immune cell activators, glycolytic genes are upregulated, and energy is generated through glycolysis. This facilitates the rapid production of biosynthetic intermediates and a pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype. While this is essential to mount responses to infectious agents, more evidence is accumulating linking dysregulated metabolism to inappropriate immune responses. Given that certain biomaterials are known to promote an inflammatory macrophage phenotype, this prompted us to investigate if biomaterial particulates can impact on macrophage metabolism. Using micron and nano sized hydroxyapatite (HA), we demonstrate for the first time that these biomaterials can indeed drive changes in metabolism, and that this occurs in a size-dependent manner. We show that micronHA, but not nanoHA, particles upregulate surrogate markets of glycolysis including the glucose transporter (GLUT1), hexokinase 2 (HK2), GAPDH, and PKM2. Furthermore, we demonstrate that micronHA alters mitochondrial morphology and promotes a bioenergetic shift to favour glycolysis. Finally, we demonstrate that glycolytic gene expression is dependent on particle uptake and that targeting glycolysis attenuates the pro-inflammatory profile of micronHA-treated macrophages. These results not only further our understanding of biomaterial-based macrophage activation, but also implicate immunometabolism as a new area for consideration in intelligent biomaterial design and therapeutic targeting. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Several recent studies have reported that immune cell activation occurs concurrently with metabolic reprogramming. Furthermore, metabolic reprogramming of innate immune cells plays a prominent role in determining cellular phenotype and function. In this study we demonstrate that hydroxyapatite particle size alters macrophage metabolism, in turn driving their functional phenotype. Specifically, the pro-inflammatory phenotype promoted by micron-sized HA-particles is accompanied by changes in mitochondrial dynamics and a bioenergetic shift favouring glycolysis. This effect is not seen with nano-HA particles and can be attenuated upon inhibition of glycolysis. This study therefore not only identifies immunometabolism as a useful tool for characterising the immune response to biomaterials, but also highlights immunometabolism as a targetable aspect of the host response for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne C Shanley
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Centre for Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Amber
| | - Olwyn R Mahon
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Centre for Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Amber; Health Research Institute and the Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Sinead A O'Rourke
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nuno G B Neto
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael G Monaghan
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Amber; Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Amber; Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling Dunne
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Centre for Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Amber; School of Medicine, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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9
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Darroch C, Asaro GA, Gréant C, Suku M, Pien N, van Vlierberghe S, Monaghan MG. Melt electrowriting of a biocompatible photo-crosslinkable poly(D,L-lactic acid)/poly(ε-caprolactone)-based material with tunable mechanical and functionalization properties. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:851-862. [PMID: 36951312 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The use of polymeric biomaterials to create tissue scaffolds using additive manufacturing techniques is a well-established practice, owing to the incredible rapidity and complexity in design that modern 3D printing methods can provide. One frontier approach is melt electrowriting (MEW), a technique that takes advantage of electrohydrodynamic phenomena to produce fibers on the scale of 10's of microns with designs capable of high resolution and accuracy. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is a material that is commonly used in MEW due to its favorable thermal properties, high stability, and biocompatibility. However, one of the drawbacks of this material is that it lacks the necessary chemical groups which allow covalent crosslinking of additional elements onto its structure. Attempts to functionalise PCL structures therefore often rely on the functional units to be applied externally via coatings or integrally mixed elements. Both can be extremely useful depending on their applications, but can add extra difficulties into the use of the resulting structures. Coatings require careful design and application to prevent rapid degradation, while elements mixed into the polymer melt must deal with the possibilities of phase separation and changes to MEW properties of the unadulterated polymer. With this in mind, this study sought to imbibe functionality to MEW-printed scaffolds using the approach of adding functional units directly, via covalent bonding of functional groups to the polymer itself. To this end, this study employs a recently developed class of polymers called acrylate-endcapped urethane-based polymers (AUPs). The polymer backbone of the specific AUP used consists of a poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PDLLA)/PCL copolymer chain, which is functionalized with 6 acrylate groups, 3 at either end. Through blending of the AUP with PCL, various concentrations of this mixture were used with MEW to produce scaffolds that possessed acrylate groups on their surface. Using UV crosslinking, these groups were tagged with Fluorescein-o-Acrylate to verify that PDLLA/PCL AUP/PCL blends facilitate the direct covalent bonding of external agents directly onto the MEW material. Blending of the AUP with PCL increases the scaffold's stiffness and ultimate strength. Finally, blends were proven to be highly biocompatible, with cells attaching and proliferating readily at day 3 and 7 post seeding. Through this work, PDLLA/PCL AUP/PCL blends clearly demonstrated as a biocompatible material that can be processed using MEW to create functionalised tissue scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Darroch
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Giuseppe A Asaro
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER), Centre at Trinity College Dublin and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Coralie Gréant
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Meenakshi Suku
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, H91 W2TY, Galway, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Nele Pien
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Sandra van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Michael G Monaghan
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER), Centre at Trinity College Dublin and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, H91 W2TY, Galway, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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10
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Neto NGB, O'Rourke SA, Zhang M, Fitzgerald HK, Dunne A, Monaghan MG. Non-invasive classification of macrophage polarisation by 2P-FLIM and machine learning. eLife 2022; 11:77373. [PMID: 36254592 PMCID: PMC9578711 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we utilise fluorescence lifetime imaging of NAD(P)H-based cellular autofluorescence as a non-invasive modality to classify two contrasting states of human macrophages by proxy of their governing metabolic state. Macrophages derived from human blood-circulating monocytes were polarised using established protocols and metabolically challenged using small molecules to validate their responding metabolic actions in extracellular acidification and oxygen consumption. Large field-of-view images of individual polarised macrophages were obtained using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). These were challenged in real time with small-molecule perturbations of metabolism during imaging. We uncovered FLIM parameters that are pronounced under the action of carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP), which strongly stratifies the phenotype of polarised human macrophages; however, this performance is impacted by donor variability when analysing the data at a single-cell level. The stratification and parameters emanating from a full field-of-view and single-cell FLIM approach serve as the basis for machine learning models. Applying a random forests model, we identify three strongly governing FLIM parameters, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC-AUC) value of 0.944 and out-of-bag (OBB) error rate of 16.67% when classifying human macrophages in a full field-of-view image. To conclude, 2P-FLIM with the integration of machine learning models is showed to be a powerful technique for analysis of both human macrophage metabolism and polarisation at full FoV and single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno G B Neto
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinead A O'Rourke
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Biochemistry & Immunology and School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mimi Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hannah K Fitzgerald
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology and School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling Dunne
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology and School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials for BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael G Monaghan
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials for BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,CURAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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11
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Floudas A, Smith CM, Tynan O, Neto N, Krishna V, Wade SM, Hanlon M, Cunningham C, Marzaioli V, Canavan M, Fletcher JM, Mullan RH, Cole S, Hao LY, Monaghan MG, Nagpal S, Veale DJ, Fearon U. Distinct stromal and immune cell interactions shape the pathogenesis of rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:annrheumdis-2021-221761. [PMID: 35701153 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Immune and stromal cell communication is central in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), however, the nature of these interactions in the synovial pathology of the two pathotypes can differ. Identifying immune-stromal cell crosstalk at the site of inflammation in RA and PsA is challenging. This study creates the first global transcriptomic analysis of the RA and PsA inflamed joint and investigates immune-stromal cell interactions in the pathogenesis of synovial inflammation. METHODS Single cell transcriptomic profiling of 178 000 synovial tissue cells from five patients with PsA and four patients with RA, importantly, without prior sorting of immune and stromal cells. This approach enabled the transcriptomic analysis of the intact synovial tissue and identification of immune and stromal cell interactions. State of the art data integration and annotation techniques identified and characterised 18 stromal and 14 immune cell clusters. RESULTS Global transcriptomic analysis of synovial cell subsets identifies actively proliferating synovial T cells and indicates that due to differential λ and κ immunoglobulin light chain usage, synovial plasma cells are potentially not derived from the local memory B cell pool. Importantly, we report distinct fibroblast and endothelial cell transcriptomes indicating abundant subpopulations in RA and PsA characterised by differential transcription factor usage. Using receptor-ligand interactions and downstream target characterisation, we identify RA-specific synovial T cell-derived transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and macrophage interleukin (IL)-1β synergy in driving the transcriptional profile of FAPα+THY1+ invasive synovial fibroblasts, expanded in RA compared with PsA. In vitro characterisation of patient with RA synovial fibroblasts showed metabolic switch to glycolysis, increased adhesion intercellular adhesion molecules 1 expression and IL-6 secretion in response to combined TGF-β and IL-1β treatment. Disrupting specific immune and stromal cell interactions offers novel opportunities for targeted therapeutic intervention in RA and PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas Floudas
- Molecular Rheumatology, Clinical Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Eular Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Univeristy College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor M Smith
- Translational Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla Tynan
- Molecular Rheumatology, Clinical Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Eular Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Univeristy College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nuno Neto
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vinod Krishna
- Immunology, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Sarah M Wade
- Molecular Rheumatology, Clinical Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Eular Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Univeristy College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Megan Hanlon
- Molecular Rheumatology, Clinical Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Eular Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Univeristy College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clare Cunningham
- Molecular Rheumatology, Clinical Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Eular Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Univeristy College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Viviana Marzaioli
- Molecular Rheumatology, Clinical Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Eular Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Univeristy College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Canavan
- Molecular Rheumatology, Clinical Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Eular Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Univeristy College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jean M Fletcher
- Translational Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ronan H Mullan
- Department of Rheumatology, Tallaght University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suzanne Cole
- Immunology, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Ling-Yang Hao
- Immunology, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Michael G Monaghan
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sunil Nagpal
- Immunology, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Douglas J Veale
- Eular Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Univeristy College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ursula Fearon
- Molecular Rheumatology, Clinical Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Eular Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Univeristy College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Suku M, Forrester L, Biggs M, Monaghan MG. Resident Macrophages and Their Potential in Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 2022; 28:579-591. [PMID: 34088222 PMCID: PMC9242717 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Many facets of tissue engineered models aim at understanding cellular mechanisms to recapitulate in vivo behavior, to study and mimic diseases for drug interventions, and to provide a better understanding toward improving regenerative medicine. Recent and rapid advances in stem cell biology, material science and engineering, have made the generation of complex engineered tissues much more attainable. One such tissue, human myocardium, is extremely intricate, with a number of different cell types. Recent studies have unraveled cardiac resident macrophages as a critical mediator for normal cardiac function. Macrophages within the heart exert phagocytosis and efferocytosis, facilitate electrical conduction, promote regeneration, and remove cardiac exophers to maintain homeostasis. These findings underpin the rationale of introducing macrophages to engineered heart tissue (EHT), to more aptly capitulate in vivo physiology. Despite the lack of studies using cardiac macrophages in vitro, there is enough evidence to accept that they will be key to making EHTs more physiologically relevant. In this review, we explore the rationale and feasibility of using macrophages as an additional cell source in engineered cardiac tissues. Impact statement Macrophages play a critical role in cardiac homeostasis and in disease. Over the past decade, we have come to understand the many vital roles played by cardiac resident macrophages in the heart, including immunosurveillance, regeneration, electrical conduction, and elimination of exophers. There is a need to improve our understanding of the resident macrophage population in the heart in vitro, to better recapitulate the myocardium through tissue engineered models. However, obtaining them in vitro remains a challenge. Here, we discuss the importance of cardiac resident macrophages and potential ways to obtain cardiac resident macrophages in vitro. Finally, we critically discuss their potential in realizing impactful in vitro models of cardiac tissue and their impact in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Suku
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- CURAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lesley Forrester
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Manus Biggs
- CURAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael G. Monaghan
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- CURAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Advanced Materials for Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Solazzo M, Hartzell L, O’Farrell C, Monaghan MG. Beyond Chemistry: Tailoring Stiffness and Microarchitecture to Engineer Highly Sensitive Biphasic Elastomeric Piezoresistive Sensors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:19265-19277. [PMID: 35452235 PMCID: PMC9073843 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanoparticles and conductive polymers are two classes of materials widely used in the production of three-dimensional (3D) piezoresistive sensors. One conductive polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) has excellent stability and conductivity yet is limited in its application as a sensor, often existing upon a base, limiting its performance and potential. Despite much progress in the field of materials chemistry and polymer synthesis, one aspect we consider worthy of exploration is the impact that microstructure and stiffness may have on the sensitivity of 3D sensors. In this study, we report a strategy for fabricating biphasic electroactive sponges (EAS) that combine 3D porous PEDOT:PSS scaffolds possessing either an isotropic or anisotropic microarchitecture, infused with insulating elastomeric fillers of varying stiffness. When characterizing the electromechanical behavior of these EAS, a higher stiffness yields a higher strain gauge factor, with values as high as 387 for an isotropic microarchitecture infused with a stiff elastomer. The approach we describe is cost-effective and extremely versatile, by which one can fabricate piezoresistive sensors with adaptable sensitivity ranges and excellent high strain gauge factor with the underlying microarchitecture and insulant stiffness dictating this performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Solazzo
- Department
of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity
Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity
College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Linette Hartzell
- Department
of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity
Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity
College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ciara O’Farrell
- Department
of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity
Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity
College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Michael G. Monaghan
- Department
of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity
Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity
College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advance
Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre at Trinity College Dublin and the Royal College of Surgeons
in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- CÚRAM,
Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Newcastle Road, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
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14
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Floudas A, Gorman A, Neto N, Monaghan MG, Elliott Z, Fearon U, Marzaioli V. Inside the Joint of Inflammatory Arthritis Patients: Handling and Processing of Synovial Tissue Biopsies for High Throughput Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:830998. [PMID: 35372383 PMCID: PMC8967180 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.830998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory arthritis is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, which affects the joints. If untreated, these diseases can have a detrimental effect on the patient's quality of life, leading to disabilities, and therefore, exhibit a significant socioeconomic impact and burden. While studies of immune cell populations in arthritis patient's peripheral blood have been informative regarding potential immune cell dysfunction and possible patient stratification, there are considerable limitations in identifying the early events that lead to synovial inflammation. The joint, as the site of inflammation and the local microenvironment, exhibit unique characteristics that contribute to disease pathogenesis. Understanding the contribution of immune and stromal cell interactions within the inflamed joint has been met with several technical challenges. Additionally, the limited availability of synovial tissue biopsies is a key incentive for the utilization of high-throughput techniques in order to maximize information gain. This review aims to provide an overview of key methods and novel techniques that are used in the handling, processing and analysis of synovial tissue biopsies and the potential synergy between these techniques. Herein, we describe the utilization of high dimensionality flow cytometric analysis, single cell RNA sequencing, ex vivo functional assays and non-intrusive metabolic characterization of synovial cells on a single cell level based on fluorescent lifetime imaging microscopy. Additionally, we recommend important points of consideration regarding the effect of different storage and handling techniques on downstream analysis of synovial tissue samples. The introduction of new powerful techniques in the study of synovial tissue inflammation, brings new challenges but importantly, significant opportunities. Implementation of novel approaches will accelerate our path toward understanding of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis and lead to the identification of new avenues of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas Floudas
- Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St. Vincent's University Hospital, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Achilleas Floudas
| | - Aine Gorman
- European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St. Vincent's University Hospital, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nuno Neto
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael G. Monaghan
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zoe Elliott
- European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St. Vincent's University Hospital, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ursula Fearon
- Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St. Vincent's University Hospital, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Viviana Marzaioli
- Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St. Vincent's University Hospital, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
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15
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Floudas A, Neto N, Orr C, Canavan M, Gallagher P, Hurson C, Monaghan MG, Nagpar S, Mullan RH, Veale DJ, Fearon U. Loss of balance between protective and pro-inflammatory synovial tissue T-cell polyfunctionality predates clinical onset of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:193-205. [PMID: 34598926 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates pathogenic and protective polyfunctional T-cell responses in patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), individuals at risk (IAR) and healthy control (HC) synovial-tissue biopsies and identifies the presence of a novel population of pathogenic polyfunctional T-cells that are enriched in the RA joint prior to the development of clinical inflammation. METHODS Pathway enrichment analysis of previously obtained RNAseq data of synovial biopsies from RA (n=118), IAR (n=20) and HC (n=44) was performed. Single-cell synovial tissue suspensions from RA (n=10), IAR (n=7) and HC (n=7) and paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated in vitro and polyfunctional synovial T-cell subsets examined by flow cytometric analysis, simplified presentation of incredibly complex evaluations (SPICE) and FlowSom clustering. Flow-imaging was utilised to confirm specific T-cell cluster identification. Fluorescent lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) was used to visualise metabolic status of sorted T-cell populations. RESULTS Increased plasticity of Tfh cells and CD4 T-cell polyfunctionality with enriched memory Treg cell responses was demonstrated in RA patient synovial tissue. Synovial-tissue RNAseq analysis reveals that enrichment in T-cell activation and differentiation pathways pre-dates the onset of RA. Switch from potentially protective IL-4 and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF) dominated polyfunctional CD4 T-cell responses towards pathogenic polyfunctionality is evident in patient with IAR and RA synovial tissue. Cluster analysis reveals the accumulation of highly polyfunctional CD4+ CD8dim T-cells in IAR and RA but not HC synovial tissue. CD4+ CD8dim T-cells show increased utilisation of oxidative phosphorylation, a characteristic of metabolically primed memory T-cells. Frequency of synovial CD4+ CD8dim T-cells correlates with RA disease activity. CONCLUSION Switch from potentially protective to pathogenic T-cell polyfunctionality pre-dates the onset of clinical inflammation and constitutes an opportunity for therapeutic intervention in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas Floudas
- Department of Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nuno Neto
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carl Orr
- Department of Rheumatology, EULAR Centre of excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, UCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Canavan
- Department of Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Phil Gallagher
- Department of Orthopaedics, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor Hurson
- Department of Orthopaedics, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael G Monaghan
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sunil Nagpar
- Department of Immunology, Janssen Research & Development, Immunology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ronan H Mullan
- Department of Rheumatology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas J Veale
- Department of Rheumatology, EULAR Centre of excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, UCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ursula Fearon
- Department of Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Fitzgerald HK, O’Rourke SA, Desmond E, Neto NGB, Monaghan MG, Tosetto M, Doherty J, Ryan EJ, Doherty GA, Nolan DP, Fletcher JM, Dunne A. The Trypanosoma brucei-Derived Ketoacids, Indole Pyruvate and Hydroxyphenylpyruvate, Induce HO-1 Expression and Suppress Inflammatory Responses in Human Dendritic Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010164. [PMID: 35052669 PMCID: PMC8772738 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular parasite and causative agent of African sleeping sickness Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei) has evolved a number of strategies to avoid immune detection in the host. One recently described mechanism involves the conversion of host-derived amino acids to aromatic ketoacids, which are detected at relatively high concentrations in the bloodstream of infected individuals. These ketoacids have been shown to directly suppress inflammatory responses in murine immune cells, as well as acting as potent inducers of the stress response enzyme, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), which has proven anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of the T. brucei-derived ketoacids in primary human immune cells and further examine their potential as a therapy for inflammatory diseases. We report that the T. brucei-derived ketoacids, indole pyruvate (IP) and hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPP), induce HO-1 expression through Nrf2 activation in human dendritic cells (DC). They also limit DC maturation and suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which, in turn, leads to a reduced capacity to differentiate adaptive CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, the ketoacids are capable of modulating DC cellular metabolism and suppressing the inflammatory profile of cells isolated from patients with inflammatory bowel disease. This study therefore not only provides further evidence of the immune-evasion mechanisms employed by T. brucei, but also supports further exploration of this new class of HO-1 inducers as potential therapeutics for the treatment of inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K. Fitzgerald
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (H.K.F.); (S.A.O.); (E.D.); (D.P.N.); (J.M.F.)
| | - Sinead A. O’Rourke
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (H.K.F.); (S.A.O.); (E.D.); (D.P.N.); (J.M.F.)
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (N.G.B.N.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Eva Desmond
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (H.K.F.); (S.A.O.); (E.D.); (D.P.N.); (J.M.F.)
| | - Nuno G. B. Neto
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (N.G.B.N.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Michael G. Monaghan
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (N.G.B.N.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Miriam Tosetto
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 YN26 Dublin, Ireland; (M.T.); (J.D.); (G.A.D.)
| | - Jayne Doherty
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 YN26 Dublin, Ireland; (M.T.); (J.D.); (G.A.D.)
| | - Elizabeth J. Ryan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
| | - Glen A. Doherty
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 YN26 Dublin, Ireland; (M.T.); (J.D.); (G.A.D.)
| | - Derek P. Nolan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (H.K.F.); (S.A.O.); (E.D.); (D.P.N.); (J.M.F.)
| | - Jean M. Fletcher
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (H.K.F.); (S.A.O.); (E.D.); (D.P.N.); (J.M.F.)
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling Dunne
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (H.K.F.); (S.A.O.); (E.D.); (D.P.N.); (J.M.F.)
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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17
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Solazzo M, Monaghan MG. Structural crystallisation of crosslinked 3D PEDOT:PSS anisotropic porous biomaterials to generate highly conductive platforms for tissue engineering applications. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4317-4328. [PMID: 33683230 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm02123g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An emerging class of materials finding applications in biomaterials science - conductive polymers (CPs) - enables the achievement of smarter electrode coatings, piezoresistive components within biosensors, and scaffolds for tissue engineering. Despite their advances in recent years, there exist still some challenges which have yet to be addressed, such as long-term stability under physiological conditions, adequate long-term conductivity and optimal biocompatibility. Additionally, another hurdle to the use of these materials is their adaptation towards three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds, a feature that is usually achieved by virtue of applying CPs as a functionalised coating on a bulk material. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is by far one of the most promising CPs in terms of its stability and conductivity, with the latter capable of being enhanced via a crystallisation treatment using sulphuric acid. In this work, we present a new generation of 3D electroconductive porous biomaterial scaffolds based on PEDOT:PSS crosslinked via glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GOPS) and subjected to sulphuric acid crystallisation. The resultant isotropic and anisotropic crystallised porous scaffolds exhibited, on an average, a 1000-fold increase in conductivity when compared with the untreated scaffolds. Moreover, we also document a precise control over the pore microarchitecture, size and anisotropy with high repeatability to achieve both isotropic and aligned scaffolds with mechanical and electrical anisotropy, while exhibiting adequate biocompatibility. These findings herald a new approach towards generating anisotropic porous biomaterial scaffolds with superior conductivity through a safe and scalable post-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Solazzo
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. and Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Michael G Monaghan
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. and Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland and Advance Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre at Trinity College Dublin and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland and CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Newcastle Road, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Monaghan
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, and Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ciara M Murphy
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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19
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Perottoni S, Neto NGB, Di Nitto C, Dmitriev RI, Raimondi MT, Monaghan MG. Intracellular label-free detection of mesenchymal stem cell metabolism within a perivascular niche-on-a-chip. Lab Chip 2021; 21:1395-1408. [PMID: 33605282 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01034k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The stem cell niche at the perivascular space in human tissue plays a pivotal role in dictating the overall fate of stem cells within it. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in particular, experience influential microenvironmental conditions, which induce specific metabolic profiles that affect processes of cell differentiation and dysregulation of the immunomodulatory function. Reports focusing specifically on the metabolic status of MSCs under the effect of pathophysiological stimuli - in terms of flow velocities, shear stresses or oxygen tension - do not model heterogeneous gradients, highlighting the need for more advanced models reproducing the metabolic niche. Organ-on-a-chip technology offers the most advanced tools for stem cell niche modelling thus allowing for controlled dynamic culture conditions while profiling tuneable oxygen tension gradients. However, current systems for live cell detection of metabolic activity inside microfluidic devices require the integration of microsensors. The presence of such microsensors poses the potential to alter microfluidics and their resolution does not enable intracellular measurements but rather a global representation concerning cellular metabolism. Here, we present a metabolic toolbox coupling a miniaturised in vitro system for human-MSCs dynamic culture, which mimics microenvironmental conditions of the perivascular niche, with high-resolution imaging of cell metabolism. Using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) we monitor the spatial metabolic machinery and correlate it with experimentally validated intracellular oxygen concentration after designing the oxygen tension decay along the fluidic chamber by in silico models prediction. Our platform allows the metabolic regulation of MSCs, mimicking the physiological niche in space and time, and its real-time monitoring representing a functional tool for modelling perivascular niches, relevant diseases and metabolic-related uptake of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Perottoni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32 - 20133 Milan, Italy.
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20
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Olvera D, Monaghan MG. Electroactive material-based biosensors for detection and drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 170:396-424. [PMID: 32987096 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Electroactive materials are employed at the interface of biology and electronics due to their advantageous intrinsic properties as soft organic electronics. We examine the most recent literature of electroactive material-based biosensors and their emerging role as theranostic devices for the delivery of therapeutic agents. We consider electroactive materials through the lens of smart drug delivery systems as materials that enable the release of therapeutic cargo in response to specific physiological and external stimuli and discuss the way these mechanisms are integrated into medical devices with examples of the latest advances. Studies that harness features unique to conductive polymers are emphasized; lastly, we highlight new perspectives and future research direction for this emerging technology and the challenges that remain to overcome.
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21
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Floudas A, Neto N, Marzaioli V, Murray K, Moran B, Monaghan MG, Low C, Mullan RH, Rao N, Krishna V, Nagpal S, Veale DJ, Fearon U. Pathogenic, glycolytic PD-1+ B cells accumulate in the hypoxic RA joint. JCI Insight 2020; 5:139032. [PMID: 33148884 PMCID: PMC7710281 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.139032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
While autoantibodies are used in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the function of B cells in the inflamed joint remains elusive. Extensive flow cytometric characterization and SPICE algorithm analyses of single-cell synovial tissue from patients with RA revealed the accumulation of switched and double-negative memory programmed death-1 receptor–expressing (PD-1–expressing) B cells at the site of inflammation. Accumulation of memory B cells was mediated by CXCR3, evident by the observed increase in CXCR3-expressing synovial B cells compared with the periphery, differential regulation by key synovial cytokines, and restricted B cell invasion demonstrated in response to CXCR3 blockade. Notably, under 3% O2 hypoxic conditions that mimic the joint microenvironment, RA B cells maintained marked expression of MMP-9, TNF, and IL-6, with PD-1+ B cells demonstrating higher expression of CXCR3, CD80, CD86, IL-1β, and GM-CSF than their PD-1– counterparts. Finally, following functional analysis and flow cell sorting of RA PD-1+ versus PD-1– B cells, we demonstrate, using RNA-Seq and emerging fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy of cellular NAD, a significant shift in metabolism of RA PD-1+ B cells toward glycolysis, associated with an increased transcriptional signature of key cytokines and chemokines that are strongly implicated in RA pathogenesis. Our data support the targeting of pathogenic PD-1+ B cells in RA as a focused, novel therapeutic option. A pathogenic glycolytic B cell population at the site of inflammation in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis associates with disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nuno Neto
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, and.,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Viviana Marzaioli
- Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute.,EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St. Vincent's University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kieran Murray
- EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St. Vincent's University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Barry Moran
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael G Monaghan
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, and.,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Candice Low
- EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St. Vincent's University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ronan H Mullan
- Department of Rheumatology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Navin Rao
- Janssen Research & Development, Immunology, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vinod Krishna
- Janssen Research & Development, Immunology, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sunil Nagpal
- Janssen Research & Development, Immunology, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas J Veale
- EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St. Vincent's University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ursula Fearon
- Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute.,EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St. Vincent's University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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22
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Okkelman IA, Neto N, Papkovsky DB, Monaghan MG, Dmitriev RI. A deeper understanding of intestinal organoid metabolism revealed by combining fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and extracellular flux analyses. Redox Biol 2020; 30:101420. [PMID: 31935648 PMCID: PMC6957829 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells and the niche in which they reside feature a complex microenvironment with tightly regulated homeostasis, cell-cell interactions and dynamic regulation of metabolism. A significant number of organoid models has been described over the last decade, yet few methodologies can enable single cell level resolution analysis of the stem cell niche metabolic demands, in real-time and without perturbing integrity. Here, we studied the redox metabolism of Lgr5-GFP intestinal organoids by two emerging microscopy approaches based on luminescence lifetime measurement - fluorescence-based FLIM for NAD(P)H, and phosphorescence-based PLIM for real-time oxygenation. We found that exposure of stem (Lgr5-GFP) and differentiated (no GFP) cells to high and low glucose concentrations resulted in measurable shifts in oxygenation and redox status. NAD(P)H-FLIM and O2-PLIM both indicated that at high 'basal' glucose conditions, Lgr5-GFP cells had lower activity of oxidative phosphorylation when compared with cells lacking Lgr5. However, when exposed to low (0.5 mM) glucose, stem cells utilized oxidative metabolism more dynamically than non-stem cells. The high heterogeneity of complex 3D architecture and energy production pathways of Lgr5-GFP organoids were also confirmed by the extracellular flux (XF) analysis. Our data reveals that combined analysis of NAD(P)H-FLIM and organoid oxygenation by PLIM represents promising approach for studying stem cell niche metabolism in a live readout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Okkelman
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Bioanalysis, ABCRF, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, College Road, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Nuno Neto
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dmitri B Papkovsky
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Bioanalysis, ABCRF, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, College Road, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Michael G Monaghan
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre at Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Ruslan I Dmitriev
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Bioanalysis, ABCRF, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, College Road, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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23
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Solazzo M, O'Brien FJ, Nicolosi V, Monaghan MG. The rationale and emergence of electroconductive biomaterial scaffolds in cardiac tissue engineering. APL Bioeng 2019; 3:041501. [PMID: 31650097 PMCID: PMC6795503 DOI: 10.1063/1.5116579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human heart possesses minimal regenerative potential, which can often lead to chronic heart failure following myocardial infarction. Despite the successes of assistive support devices and pharmacological therapies, only a whole heart transplantation can sufficiently address heart failure. Engineered scaffolds, implantable patches, and injectable hydrogels are among the most promising solutions to restore cardiac function and coax regeneration; however, current biomaterials have yet to achieve ideal tissue regeneration and adequate integration due a mismatch of material physicochemical properties. Conductive fillers such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, metallic nanoparticles, and MXenes and conjugated polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, and poly(3,4-ethylendioxythiophene) can possibly achieve optimal electrical conductivities for cardiac applications with appropriate suitability for tissue engineering approaches. Many studies have focused on the use of these materials in multiple fields, with promising effects on the regeneration of electrically active biological tissues such as orthopedic, neural, and cardiac tissue. In this review, we critically discuss the role of heart electrophysiology and the rationale toward the use of electroconductive biomaterials for cardiac tissue engineering. We present the emerging applications of these smart materials to create supportive platforms and discuss the crucial role that electrical stimulation has been shown to exert in maturation of cardiac progenitor cells.
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24
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Dolan EB, Hofmann B, de Vaal MH, Bellavia G, Straino S, Kovarova L, Pravda M, Velebny V, Daro D, Braun N, Monahan DS, Levey RE, O'Neill H, Hinderer S, Greensmith R, Monaghan MG, Schenke-Layland K, Dockery P, Murphy BP, Kelly HM, Wildhirt S, Duffy GP. A bioresorbable biomaterial carrier and passive stabilization device to improve heart function post-myocardial infarction. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2019; 103:109751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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O'Rourke SA, Dunne A, Monaghan MG. The Role of Macrophages in the Infarcted Myocardium: Orchestrators of ECM Remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:101. [PMID: 31417911 PMCID: PMC6685361 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is the most common form of acute cardiac injury attributing to heart failure. While there have been significant advances in current therapies, mortality and morbidity remain high. Emphasis on inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling as key pathological factors has brought to light new potential therapeutic targets including macrophages which are central players in the inflammatory response following myocardial infarction. Blood derived and tissue resident macrophages exhibit both a pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotype, essential for removing injured tissue and facilitating repair, respectively. Sustained activation of pro-inflammatory macrophages evokes extensive remodeling of cardiac tissue through secretion of matrix proteases and activation of myofibroblasts. As the heart continues to employ methods of remodeling and repair, a destructive cycle prevails ultimately leading to deterioration of cardiac function and heart failure. This review summarizes not only the traditionally accepted role of macrophages in the heart but also recent advances that have deepened our understanding and appreciation of this dynamic cell. We discuss the role of macrophages in normal and maladaptive matrix remodeling, as well as studies to date which have aimed to target the inflammatory response in combatting excessive matrix deposition and subsequent heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead A O'Rourke
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Biochemistry & Immunology and School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling Dunne
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology and School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael G Monaghan
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials for BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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26
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Solazzo M, Krukiewicz K, Zhussupbekova A, Fleischer K, Biggs MJ, Monaghan MG. PEDOT:PSS interfaces stabilised using a PEGylated crosslinker yield improved conductivity and biocompatibility. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:4811-4820. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly expanding fields of bioelectronics, and biological interfaces with sensors and stimulators, are placing an increasing demand on candidate materials to serve as robust surfaces that are both biocompatible, stable and electroconductive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Solazzo
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Dublin
- Ireland
| | - Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM)
- National University of Ireland
- Galway
- Ireland
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers
| | - Ainur Zhussupbekova
- School of Physics and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN)
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Karsten Fleischer
- School of Physics and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN)
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Manus J. Biggs
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM)
- National University of Ireland
- Galway
- Ireland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Michael G. Monaghan
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Dublin
- Ireland
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27
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Shen N, Riedl JA, Carvajal Berrio DA, Davis Z, Monaghan MG, Layland SL, Hinderer S, Schenke-Layland K. A flow bioreactor system compatible with real-time two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:024101. [PMID: 29148433 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa9b3c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioreactors are essential cell and tissue culture tools that allow the introduction of biophysical signals into in vitro cultures. One major limitation is the need to interrupt experiments and sacrifice samples at certain time points for analyses. To address this issue, we designed a bioreactor that combines high-resolution contact-free imaging and continuous flow in a closed system that is compatible with various types of microscopes. The high throughput fluid flow bioreactor was combined with two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (2P-FLIM) and validated. The hydrodynamics of the bioreactor chamber were characterized using COMSOL. The simulation of shear stress indicated that the bioreactor system provides homogeneous and reproducible flow conditions. The designed bioreactor was used to investigate the effects of low shear stress on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In a scratch assay, we observed decreased migration of HUVECs under shear stress conditions. Furthermore, metabolic activity shifts from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation-dependent mechanisms in HUVECs cultured under low shear stress conditions were detected using 2P-FLIM. Future applications for this bioreactor range from observing cell fate development in real-time to monitoring the environmental effects on cells or metabolic changes due to drug applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Shen
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute of Women's Health, University Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany. Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
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28
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Lotz C, Schmid FF, Oechsle E, Monaghan MG, Walles H, Groeber-Becker F. Cross-linked Collagen Hydrogel Matrix Resisting Contraction To Facilitate Full-Thickness Skin Equivalents. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:20417-20425. [PMID: 28557435 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Full-thickness skin equivalents are gathering increased interest as skin grafts for the treatment of large skin defects or chronic wounds or as nonanimal test platforms. However, their fibroblast-mediated contraction and poor mechanical stability lead to disadvantages toward their reproducibility and applicability in vitro and in vivo. To overcome these pitfalls, we aimed to chemically cross-link the dermal layer of a full-thickness skin model composed of a collagen type I hydrogel. Using a noncytotoxic four-arm succinimidyl glutarate polyethylene glycol (PEG-SG), cross-linking could be achieved in cell seeded collagen hydrogels. A concentration of 0.5 mg of PEG-SG/mg of collagen led to a viability comparable to non-cross-linked collagen hydrogels and no increased release of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase. Cross-linked collagen hydrogels were more mechanically stable and less prone to enzymatic degradation via collagenase when compared with non-cross-linked collagen hydrogels. Remarkably, during 21 days, cross-linked collagen hydrogels maintain their initial surface area, whereas standard dermal models contracted up to 50%. Finally, full-thickness skin equivalents were generated by seeding human epidermal keratinocytes on the surface of the equivalents and culturing these equivalents at an air-liquid interface. Immunohistochemical stainings of the cross-linked model revealed well-defined epidermal layers including an intact stratum corneum and a dermal part with homogeneously distributed human dermal fibroblasts. These results indicate that cross-linking of collagen with PEG-SG reduces contraction of collagen hydrogels and thus increases the applicability of these models as an additional tool for efficacy and safety assessment or a new generation of skin grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lotz
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg , Würzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Freia F Schmid
- Translational Center Würzburg 'Regenerative Therapies in Oncology and Musculoskeletal Diseases', Würzburg Branch of the Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology , Würzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Eva Oechsle
- Translational Center Würzburg 'Regenerative Therapies in Oncology and Musculoskeletal Diseases', Würzburg Branch of the Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology , Würzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Michael G Monaghan
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology , Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Heike Walles
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg , Würzburg 97070, Germany
- Translational Center Würzburg 'Regenerative Therapies in Oncology and Musculoskeletal Diseases', Würzburg Branch of the Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology , Würzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Florian Groeber-Becker
- Translational Center Würzburg 'Regenerative Therapies in Oncology and Musculoskeletal Diseases', Würzburg Branch of the Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology , Würzburg 97070, Germany
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29
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Monaghan MG, Holeiter M, Brauchle E, Layland SL, Lu Y, Deb A, Pandit A, Nsair A, Schenke-Layland K. Exogenous miR-29B Delivery Through a Hyaluronan-Based Injectable System Yields Functional Maintenance of the Infarcted Myocardium. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 24:57-67. [PMID: 28463641 PMCID: PMC5770094 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) results in debilitating remodeling of the myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM). In this proof-of-principle study it was sought to modulate this aggressive remodeling by injecting a hyaluronic acid-based reservoir delivering exogenous microRNA-29B (miR-29B). This proof-of-principal study was executed whereby myocardial ischemia/reperfusion was performed on C57BL/6 mice for 45 min after which five 10 μL boluses of a hydrogel composed of thiolated hyaluronic acid cross-linked with poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate, containing exogenous miR-29B as an active therapy, were injected into the border zone of the infarcted myocardium. Following surgery, the myocardial function of the animals was monitored up to 5 weeks. Delivering miR-29B locally using an injectable hyaluronan-based hydrogel resulted in the maintenance of myocardial function at 2 and 5 weeks following MI in this proof-of-principle study. In addition, while animals treated with the control of a nontargeting miR delivered using the hyaluronan-based hydrogel had a significant deterioration of myocardial function, those treated with miR-29B did not. Histological analysis revealed a significantly decreased presence of elastin and significantly less immature/newly deposited collagen fibers at the border zone of the infarct. Increased vascularity of the myocardial scar was also detected and Raman microspectroscopy discovered significantly altered ECM-specific biochemical signals at the border zone of the infarct. This preclinical proof-of-principle study demonstrates that an injectable hyaluronic acid hydrogel system could be capable of delivering miR-29B toward maintaining cardiac function following MI. In addition, Raman microspectroscopy revealed subtle, yet significant changes in ECM organization and maturity. These findings have great potential with regard to using injectable biomaterials as a local treatment for ischemic tissue and exogenous miRs to modulate tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Monaghan
- 1 Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University , Tübingen, Germany .,2 Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB) , Stuttgart, Germany .,3 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Monika Holeiter
- 1 Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University , Tübingen, Germany .,2 Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB) , Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eva Brauchle
- 1 Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University , Tübingen, Germany .,2 Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB) , Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Shannon L Layland
- 1 Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University , Tübingen, Germany .,2 Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB) , Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yan Lu
- 4 Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (CVRL), University of California (UCLA) , Los Angeles, California
| | - Arjun Deb
- 4 Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (CVRL), University of California (UCLA) , Los Angeles, California
| | - Abhay Pandit
- 5 Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland , Galway, Ireland
| | - Ali Nsair
- 4 Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (CVRL), University of California (UCLA) , Los Angeles, California
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- 1 Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University , Tübingen, Germany .,2 Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB) , Stuttgart, Germany .,4 Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (CVRL), University of California (UCLA) , Los Angeles, California
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Lakner PH, Monaghan MG, Möller Y, Olayioye MA, Schenke-Layland K. Applying phasor approach analysis of multiphoton FLIM measurements to probe the metabolic activity of three-dimensional in vitro cell culture models. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42730. [PMID: 28211922 PMCID: PMC5304149 DOI: 10.1038/srep42730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) can measure and discriminate endogenous fluorophores present in biological samples. This study seeks to identify FLIM as a suitable method to non-invasively detect a shift in cellular metabolic activity towards glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation in 3D Caco-2 models of colorectal carcinoma. These models were treated with potassium cyanide or hydrogen peroxide as controls, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) as a physiologically-relevant influencer of cell metabolic behaviour. Autofluorescence, attributed to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), was induced by two-photon laser excitation and its lifetime decay was analysed using a standard multi-exponential decay approach and also a novel custom-written code for phasor-based analysis. While both methods enabled detection of a statistically significant shift of metabolic activity towards glycolysis using potassium cyanide, and oxidative phosphorylation using hydrogen peroxide, employing the phasor approach required fewer initial assumptions to quantify the lifetimes of contributing fluorophores. 3D Caco-2 models treated with EGF had increased glucose consumption, production of lactate, and presence of ATP. FLIM analyses of these cultures revealed a significant shift in the contribution of protein-bound NADH towards free NADH, indicating increased glycolysis-mediated metabolic activity. This data demonstrate that FLIM is suitable to interpret metabolic changes in 3D in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirmin H Lakner
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, University Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael G Monaghan
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, University Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yvonne Möller
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Center for Personalised Medicine (ZPM), University Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Monilola A Olayioye
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, University Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles/CA, USA
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31
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Monaghan MG, Kroll S, Brucker SY, Schenke-Layland K. Enabling Multiphoton and Second Harmonic Generation Imaging in Paraffin-Embedded and Histologically Stained Sections. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:517-23. [PMID: 27018844 PMCID: PMC4922008 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2016.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear microscopy, namely multiphoton imaging and second harmonic generation (SHG), is an established noninvasive technique useful for the imaging of extracellular matrix (ECM). Typically, measurements are performed in vivo on freshly excised tissues or biopsies. In this article, we describe the effect of rehydrating paraffin-embedded sections on multiphoton and SHG emission signals and the acquisition of nonlinear images from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections before and after a destaining protocol. Our results reveal that bringing tissue sections to a physiological state yields a significant improvement in nonlinear signals, particularly in SHG. Additionally, the destaining of sections previously processed with H&E staining significantly improves their SHG emission signals during imaging, thereby allowing sufficient analysis of collagen in these sections. These results are important for researchers and pathologists to obtain additional information from paraffin-embedded tissues and archived samples to perform retrospective analysis of the ECM or gain additional information from rare samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Monaghan
- 1 Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kroll
- 1 Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Y Brucker
- 1 Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- 1 Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany .,2 Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Stuttgart, Germany .,3 Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, University of California , Los Angeles, California
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Monaghan MG, Holeiter M, Layland SL, Schenke-Layland K. Cardiomyocyte generation from somatic sources - current status and future directions. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 40:49-55. [PMID: 26945640 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transdifferentiation of one cell type to another has garnered significant research efforts in recent years. As cardiomyocyte loss following myocardial infarction becomes debilitating for cardiac patients, the option of an autologous source of cardiomyocytes not derived from multi/pluripotent stem cell sources is an attractive option. Such direct programming has been clearly realized with the use of transcription factors, microRNAs and more recently small molecule delivery to enhance epigenetic modifications, all albeit with low efficiencies in vitro. In this review, we aim to present a brief overview of the current in vitro and in vivo transdifferentiation strategies in the generation of cardiomyocytes from somatic sources. The interdisciplinary fields of tissue, cell, material and regenerative engineering offer many opportunities to synergistically achieve directly programmed cardiac tissue in vitro and enhance transdifferentiation in vivo. This review aims to present a concise outlook on this topic with these fields in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Monaghan
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Monika Holeiter
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shannon L Layland
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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33
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Brauchle E, Knopf A, Bauer H, Shen N, Linder S, Monaghan MG, Ellwanger K, Layland SL, Brucker SY, Nsair A, Schenke-Layland K. Non-invasive Chamber-Specific Identification of Cardiomyocytes in Differentiating Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 6:188-99. [PMID: 26777059 PMCID: PMC4750099 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
One major obstacle to the application of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) for disease modeling and clinical therapies is the inability to identify the developmental stage of these cells without the need for genetic manipulation or utilization of exogenous markers. In this study, we demonstrate that Raman microspectroscopy can non-invasively identify embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived chamber-specific CMs and monitor cell maturation. Using this marker-free approach, Raman peaks were identified for atrial and ventricular CMs, ESCs were successfully discriminated from their cardiac derivatives, a distinct phenotypic spectrum for ESC-derived CMs was confirmed, and unique spectral differences between fetal versus adult CMs were detected. The real-time identification and characterization of CMs, their progenitors, and subpopulations by Raman microspectroscopy strongly correlated to the phenotypical features of these cells. Due to its high molecular resolution, Raman microspectroscopy offers distinct analytical characterization for differentiating cardiovascular cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Brauchle
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Nobelstrasse 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstrasse 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne Knopf
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Nobelstrasse 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstrasse 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 675 Charles E. Young Drive South, MRL 3645, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hannah Bauer
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstrasse 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nian Shen
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Nobelstrasse 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstrasse 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Linder
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Nobelstrasse 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael G Monaghan
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Nobelstrasse 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstrasse 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kornelia Ellwanger
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Shannon L Layland
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Nobelstrasse 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstrasse 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Y Brucker
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstrasse 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ali Nsair
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 675 Charles E. Young Drive South, MRL 3645, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Nobelstrasse 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstrasse 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 675 Charles E. Young Drive South, MRL 3645, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Monaghan MG, Linneweh M, Liebscher S, Van Handel B, Layland SL, Schenke-Layland K. Endocardial-to-mesenchymal transformation and mesenchymal cell colonization at the onset of human cardiac valve development. Development 2015; 143:473-82. [PMID: 26674310 PMCID: PMC4760315 DOI: 10.1242/dev.133843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The elucidation of mechanisms in semilunar valve development might enable the development of new therapies for congenital heart disorders. Here, we found differences in proliferation-associated genes and genes repressed by VEGF between human semilunar valve leaflets from first and second trimester hearts. The proliferation of valve interstitial cells and ventricular valve endothelial cells (VECs) and cellular density declined from the first to the second trimester. Cytoplasmic expression of NFATC1 was detected in VECs (4 weeks) and, later, cells in the leaflet/annulus junction mesenchyme expressing inactive NFATC1 (5.5-9 weeks) were detected, indicative of endocardial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EndMT) in valvulogenesis. At this leaflet/annulus junction, CD44(+) cells clustered during elongation (11 weeks), extending toward the tip along the fibrosal layer in second trimester leaflets. Differing patterns of maturation in the fibrosa and ventricularis were detected via increased fibrosal periostin content, which tracked the presence of the CD44(+) cells in the second trimester. We revealed that spatiotemporal NFATC1 expression actively regulates EndMT during human valvulogenesis, as early as 4 weeks. Additionally, CD44(+) cells play a role in leaflet maturation toward the trilaminar structure, possibly via migration of VECs undergoing EndMT, which subsequently ascend from the leaflet/annulus junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Monaghan
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Miriam Linneweh
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simone Liebscher
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ben Van Handel
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (CVRL), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shannon L Layland
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), 70569 Stuttgart, Germany Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (CVRL), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Browne S, Monaghan MG, Brauchle E, Berrio DC, Chantepie S, Papy-Garcia D, Schenke-Layland K, Pandit A. Modulation of inflammation and angiogenesis and changes in ECM GAG-activity via dual delivery of nucleic acids. Biomaterials 2015; 69:133-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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