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Shino MY, Todd JL, Neely ML, Kirchner J, Frankel CW, Snyder LD, Pavlisko EN, Fishbein GA, Schaenman JM, Mason K, Kesler K, Martinu T, Singer LG, Tsuang W, Budev M, Shah PD, Reynolds JM, Williams N, Robien MA, Palmer SM, Weigt SS, Belperio JA. Plasma CXCL9 and CXCL10 at allograft injury predict chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:2169-2179. [PMID: 35634722 PMCID: PMC9427677 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Histopathologic lung allograft injuries are putative harbingers for chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). However, the mechanisms responsible are not well understood. CXCL9 and CXCL10 are potent chemoattractants of mononuclear cells and potential propagators of allograft injury. We hypothesized that these chemokines would be quantifiable in plasma, and would associate with subsequent CLAD development. In this prospective multicenter study, we evaluated 721 plasma samples for CXCL9/CXCL10 levels from 184 participants at the time of transbronchial biopsies during their first-year post-transplantation. We determined the association between plasma chemokines, histopathologic injury, and CLAD risk using Cox proportional hazards models. We also evaluated CXCL9/CXCL10 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and compared plasma to BAL with respect to CLAD risk. Plasma CXCL9/CXCL10 levels were elevated during the injury patterns associated with CLAD, acute rejection, and acute lung injury, with a dose-response relationship between chemokine levels and CLAD risk. Importantly, there were strong interactions between injury and plasma CXCL9/CXCL10, where histopathologic injury associated with CLAD only in the presence of elevated plasma chemokines. We observed similar associations and interactions with BAL CXCL9/CXCL10 levels. Elevated plasma CXCL9/CXCL10 during allograft injury may contribute to CLAD pathogenesis and has potential as a minimally invasive immune monitoring biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nikki Williams
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Washington DC
| | - Mark A. Robien
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Washington DC
| | | | - S. Sam Weigt
- University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA
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2
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Anastasaki C, Chatterjee J, Cobb O, Sanapala S, Scheaffer SM, De Andrade Costa A, Wilson AF, Kernan CM, Zafar AH, Ge X, Garbow JR, Rodriguez FJ, Gutmann DH. Human induced pluripotent stem cell engineering establishes a humanized mouse platform for pediatric low-grade glioma modeling. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:120. [PMID: 35986378 PMCID: PMC9392324 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01428-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A major obstacle to identifying improved treatments for pediatric low-grade brain tumors (gliomas) is the inability to reproducibly generate human xenografts. To surmount this barrier, we leveraged human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) engineering to generate low-grade gliomas (LGGs) harboring the two most common pediatric pilocytic astrocytoma-associated molecular alterations, NF1 loss and KIAA1549:BRAF fusion. Herein, we identified that hiPSC-derived neuroglial progenitor populations (neural progenitors, glial restricted progenitors and oligodendrocyte progenitors), but not terminally differentiated astrocytes, give rise to tumors retaining LGG histologic features for at least 6 months in vivo. Additionally, we demonstrated that hiPSC-LGG xenograft formation requires the absence of CD4 T cell-mediated induction of astrocytic Cxcl10 expression. Genetic Cxcl10 ablation is both necessary and sufficient for human LGG xenograft development, which additionally enables the successful long-term growth of patient-derived pediatric LGGs in vivo. Lastly, MEK inhibitor (PD0325901) treatment increased hiPSC-LGG cell apoptosis and reduced proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, this study establishes a tractable experimental humanized platform to elucidate the pathogenesis of and potential therapeutic opportunities for childhood brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Anastasaki
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jit Chatterjee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Olivia Cobb
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Shilpa Sanapala
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Suzanne M Scheaffer
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Amanda De Andrade Costa
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Anna F Wilson
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Chloe M Kernan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ameera H Zafar
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xia Ge
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Joel R Garbow
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Fausto J Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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3
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Strzelak A, Komorowska-Piotrowska A, Krenke K, Zagórska W, Bartosiewicz W, Feleszko W, Kulus M. Diagnostic Value of IP-10 Level in Plasma and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in Children with Tuberculosis and Other Lung Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040840. [PMID: 35453887 PMCID: PMC9032840 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: IP-10 has been proposed as a new diagnostic biomarker for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (MTBI). However, data on IP-10 concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for pediatric tuberculosis are lacking. Aim: To determine IP-10 levels in unstimulated BALF and plasma in children with and without MTBI. Methods: IP-10 concentrations in BALF and plasma were measured in children hospitalized with suspected tuberculosis or other respiratory disease and scheduled for bronchoscopy. Thirty-five children were enrolled: 13 with suspected tuberculosis and 22 controls. The association between IP-10 and age was examined. Results: The IP-10 expression was increased in BALF compared to plasma (p = 0.008). We noticed higher BALF IP-10 levels in children with asthma, interstitial lung disease, and lung anomaly than in children with MTBI and other respiratory tract infections, but the differences were statistically insignificant. There was a moderate correlation between plasma and BALF IP-10 concentrations (rs = 0.46, p = 0.018). No correlation between IP-10 level and age was detected. Conclusions: IP-10 is detectable in unstimulated BALF in children with respiratory diseases, reaches higher concentrations in unstimulated BALF vs plasma, and does not correlate with age. However, it could not discriminate MTBI from other respiratory diseases.
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Asadzadeh R, Ahmadpoor P, Nafar M, Samavat S, Nikoueinejad H, Hosseinzadeh M, Mamizadeh N, Hatami S, Masoumi E, Amirzargar A. Association of IL-15 and IP-10 Serum Levels with Cytomegalovirus Infection, CMV Viral Load and Cyclosporine Level after Kidney Transplantation. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 10:216-223. [PMID: 34604411 PMCID: PMC8480297 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.10.2.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common complications following kidney transplantation. Natural killer (NK) cells demonstrated critical anti-viral role in controlling and elimination of CMV after transplantation. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a pleiotropic cytokine that promotes the activity of NK cells and strengthens the acquired immune system. Also, IP10 (CXCL10) is a chemotactic factor which regulates NK cell recruitment and antiviral immune response. We aimed to determine the correlation between the serum levels of IL-15 and IP-10 cytokines with CMV infection, CMV viral load, and cyclosporine as a major immunosuppressive treatment after transplantation. METHODS Fifty-eight kidney transplant recipient patients without evidence of CMV virus disease before transplantation surgery were included in the study. From the day of transplant surgery, the patients were evaluated based on the presence of CMV Ag pp65, CMV viral load, serum levels of IL-15 & IP-10, Cyclosporine levels (C0 & C2), Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), and hematological & biochemical Index, up to 75 days. RESULTS Comparison analysis of serum levels of IL-15 and IP-10 showed no significant association with CMV infection in kidney transplant recipients. In addition, CMV viral load and cyclosporine levels at C0 and C2 did not affect patients' IL-15 and IP-10 levels. CONCLUSION The levels of IP-10 and IL-15 cytokines are not affected with CMV infection, even if a viral infection occurs in the early days after transplantation or long afterwards. In addition, taking the different levels of cyclosporine did not affect the cytokines levels. Other mechanisms may play a role in maintaining the levels of these cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Asadzadeh
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Pedram Ahmadpoor
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Nafar
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shima Samavat
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hassan Nikoueinejad
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Morteza Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Nahid Mamizadeh
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Saeideh Hatami
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Iran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elham Masoumi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Aliakbar Amirzargar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Levy L, Huszti E, Ahmed M, Ghany R, Hunter S, Moshkelgosha S, Zhang CYK, Boonstra K, Klement W, Tikkanen J, Singer LG, Keshavjee S, Juvet S, Martinu T. Bronchoalveolar lavage cytokine-based risk stratification of minimal acute rejection in clinically stable lung transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021; 40:1540-1549. [PMID: 34215500 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute cellular rejection (ACR) remains the most significant risk factor for chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). While clinically significant or higher-grade (≥A2) ACR is generally treated with augmented immunosuppression (IS), the management of clinically stable grade A1 ACR remains controversial. At our center, patients with clinically stable grade A1 ACR are routinely not treated with augmented IS. While the overall outcomes in this group of patients at our center are equivalent to patients with stable A0 pathology, CLAD and death rates remain overall high. We hypothesized that a distinct cytokine signature at the time of early minimal rejection state would be associated with worse outcomes. Specifically, we aimed to determine whether bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) biomarkers at the time of first clinically stable grade A1 ACR (CSA1R) are predictive of subsequent CLAD or death. METHODS Among all adult, bilateral, first lung transplants, performed 2010-2016, transbronchial biopsies obtained within the first-year post-transplant were categorized as clinically stable or unstable based on the presence or absence of ≥10% concurrent drop in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). We assessed BAL samples obtained at the time of CSA1R episodes, which were not preceded by another ACR (i.e., first episodes). Twenty-one proteins previously associated with ACR or CLAD were measured in the BAL using a multiplex bead assay. Association between protein levels and subsequent CLAD or death was assessed using Cox Proportional Hazards models, adjusted for relevant peri-transplant clinical covariates. RESULTS We identified 75 patients with first CSA1R occurring at a median time of 98 days (range 48.5-197) post-transplant. Median time from transplant to CLAD or death was 1247 (756.5-1921.5) and 1641 days (1024.5-2326.5), respectively. In multivariable models, levels of MCP1/CCL2, S100A8, IL10, TNF-receptor 1, and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) were associated with both CLAD development and death (p < 0.05 for all). PTX3 remained significantly associated with both CLAD and death after adjusting for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that a focused BAL protein signature, with PTX3 having the strongest association, may be useful in determining a subset of CSA1R patients at increased risk and may benefit from a more aggressive management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liran Levy
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Ella Huszti
- Biostatistics Research Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Musawir Ahmed
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rasheed Ghany
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Hunter
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sajad Moshkelgosha
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chen Yang Kevin Zhang
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristen Boonstra
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Klement
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jussi Tikkanen
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lianne G Singer
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Juvet
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tereza Martinu
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Abstract
Introduction: Lung transplantation remains an important treatment for patients with end stage lung disease. Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) remains the greatest limiting factor for long term survival. As the diagnosis of CLAD is based on pulmonary function tests, significant lung injury is required before a diagnosis is feasible, likely when irreversible damage has already occurred. Therefore, research is ongoing for early CLAD recognition, with biomarkers making up a substantial amount of this research.Areas covered: The purpose of this review is to describe available biomarkers, focusing on those which aid in predicting CLAD and distinguishing between different CLAD phenotypes. We describe biomarkers presenting in bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) as well as circulating in peripheral blood, both of which offer an appealing alternative to lung biopsy.Expert opinion: Development of CLAD involves complex, multiple immune and nonimmune mechanisms. Therefore, evaluation of potential CLAD biomarkers serves a dual purpose: clinically, the goal remains early detection and identification of patients at increased risk. Simultaneously, biomarkers offer insight into the different mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of CLAD, leading to the development of possible interventions. The ultimate goal is the development of both preventive and early intervention strategies for CLAD to improve the overall survival of our lung transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osnat Shtraichman
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Pulmonary institute, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Joshua M Diamond
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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7
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Di ME, Yang D, Di YP. Using Bronchoalveolar Lavage to Evaluate Changes in Pulmonary Diseases. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2102:117-128. [PMID: 31989551 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0223-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a procedure that can be used to collect samples from human and animal lungs to efficiently evaluate the immune response and the potentially pathological changes by examining both the compositions of cells and fluid from lavage. There are observable changes including inflammatory response in human and animal lungs exposed to environmental exposures such as toxic chemicals and microorganisms, or under pathophysiological conditions in respiratory system. The profile of inflammatory cells in BAL provides a qualitative description of inflammatory response, and the secretion in BAL fluid contains secreted proteins of inflammatory mediators and albumin as a quantitative measurement of inflammation and tissue injury in the lungs. Mouse is the most common model system being used for pulmonary disease-related research. A consistent experimental approach on how to lavage mouse lungs and collect samples from mouse lungs is important for a reproducible evaluation of pathological and physiological changes in mouse lung especially for the analysis of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa E Di
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dandan Yang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Y Peter Di
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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8
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Speck NE, Probst-Müller E, Haile SR, Benden C, Kohler M, Huber LC, Robinson CA. Bronchoalveolar lavage cytokines are of minor value to diagnose complications following lung transplantation. Cytokine 2019; 125:154794. [PMID: 31400641 PMCID: PMC7128992 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis and treatment of acute cellular rejection (ACR) may improve long-term outcome for lung transplant recipients (LTRs). Cytokines have become valuable diagnostic tools in many medical fields. The role of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytokines is of unknown value to diagnose ACR and distinguish rejection from infection. We hypothesized that distinct cytokine patterns obtained by surveillance bronchoscopies during the first year after transplantation are associated with ACR and microbiologic findings. We retrospectively analyzed data from 319 patients undergoing lung transplantation at University Hospital Zurich from 1998 to 2016. We compared levels of IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ and TNF-α in 747 BAL samples with transbronchial biopsies (TBB) and microbiologic results from surveillance bronchoscopies. We aimed to define reference values that would allow distinction between four specific groups “ACR”, “infection”, “combined ACR and infection” and “no pathologic process”. No definitive pattern was identified. Given the overlap between groups, these four cytokines are not suitable diagnostic markers for ACR or infection after lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Speck
- Division of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Elisabeth Probst-Müller
- Clinic of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 23, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sarah R Haile
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Epidemiology, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, CH-8001 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Benden
- Division of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Malcolm Kohler
- Division of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Lars C Huber
- Department of Internal Medicine, City Hospital Triemli, Birmensdorferstrasse 497, CH-8063 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Cécile A Robinson
- Division of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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9
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Yang JYC, Verleden SE, Zarinsefat A, Vanaudenaerde BM, Vos R, Verleden GM, Sarwal RD, Sigdel TK, Liberto JM, Damm I, Watson D, Sarwal MM. Cell-Free DNA and CXCL10 Derived from Bronchoalveolar Lavage Predict Lung Transplant Survival. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8020241. [PMID: 30781765 PMCID: PMC6406976 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard methods for detecting chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) and rejection have poor sensitivity and specificity and have conventionally required bronchoscopies and biopsies. Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been shown to be increased in various types of allograft injury in transplant recipients and CXCL10 has been reported to be increased in the lung tissue of patients undergoing CLAD. This study used a novel cfDNA and CXCL10 assay to evaluate the noninvasive assessment of CLAD phenotype and prediction of survival from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. A total of 60 BAL samples (20 with bronchiolitis obliterans (BOS), 20 with restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS), and 20 with stable allografts (STA)) were collected from 60 unique lung transplant patients; cfDNA and CXCL10 were measured by the ELISA-based KIT assay. Median cfDNA was significantly higher in BOS patients (6739 genomic equivalents (GE)/mL) versus STA (2920 GE/mL) and RAS (4174 GE/mL) (p < 0.01 all comparisons). Likelihood ratio tests revealed a significant association of overall survival with cfDNA (p = 0.0083), CXCL10 (p = 0.0146), and the interaction of cfDNA and CXCL10 (p = 0.023) based on multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression. Dichotomizing patients based on the median cfDNA level controlled for the mean level of CXCL10 revealed an over two-fold longer median overall survival time in patients with low levels of cfDNA. The KIT assay could predict allograft survival with superior performance compared with traditional biomarkers. These data support the pursuit of larger prospective studies to evaluate the predictive performance of cfDNA and CXCL10 prior to lung allograft failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Y C Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
- KIT Bio, 2000 University Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA.
| | - Stijn E Verleden
- Leuven Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Arya Zarinsefat
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Bart M Vanaudenaerde
- Leuven Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Robin Vos
- Leuven Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Geert M Verleden
- Leuven Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Reuben D Sarwal
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Tara K Sigdel
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Juliane M Liberto
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Izabella Damm
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Drew Watson
- KIT Bio, 2000 University Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA.
| | - Minnie M Sarwal
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
- KIT Bio, 2000 University Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA.
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10
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SOCS3 overexpression in T cells ameliorates chronic airway obstruction in a murine heterotopic tracheal transplantation model. Surg Today 2019; 49:443-450. [PMID: 30617600 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-018-1753-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) is a negative feedback inhibitor of cytokine signaling with T-cell-mediated immunosuppressive effects on obliterative bronchiolitis (OB). In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of T-cell-specific overexpression of SOCS3 using a murine heterotopic tracheal transplantation (HTT) model. METHODS Tracheal allografts from BALB/c mice were subcutaneously transplanted into wild-type C57BL/6J (B6; WT) mice and SOCS3 transgenic B6 (SOCS3TG) mice. Tracheal allografts were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays at days 7 and 21. RESULTS At day 21, allografts in SOCS3TG mice showed significant amelioration of airway obstruction and epithelial loss compared with allografts in WT mice. The intragraft expression of IFN-γ and CXCL10 was suppressed, while that of IL-4 was enhanced in SOCS3TG mice at day 7. The T-bet levels were lower in SOCS3TG allografts than in WT allografts at day 7. CONCLUSION We revealed that the overexpression of SOCS3 in T cells effectively ameliorates OB development in a murine HTT model by inhibiting the Th1 phenotype in the early phase. Our results suggest that the regulation of the T-cell response, through the modulation of SOCS expression, has potential as a new therapeutic strategy for chronic lung allograft dysfunction.
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11
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Xu CX, Shi BY, Jin ZK, Hao JJ, Duan WL, Han F, Zhao YL, Ding CG, Xue WJ, Ding XM, Zheng J, Tian PX. Multiple-biomarkers provide powerful prediction of early acute renal allograft rejection by combination of serum fractalkine, IFN-γ and IP-10. Transpl Immunol 2018; 50:68-74. [PMID: 30081186 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers are urgently required for predicting rejection so that anti-rejection treatment can be taken early to protect the allograft from irreversible damage. We hypothesized that the combination of circulating fractalkine, IFN-γ and IP-10 might serve as effective biomarkers for predicting early acute renal allograft rejection. We conducted a retrospective study of 87 subjects, who were classified into acute rejection group (ARG; n = 38) and non-rejection group (NRG; n = 49). Serum fractalkine, IFN-γ and IP-10 levels were measured by Luminex. The levels of fractalkine on day 0 and 7th day, IP-10 on 4th and 7th day, and IFN-γ on 7th day in ARG was significantly higher than that in NRG. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis highlighted the higher-levels groups of fractalkine on day 0, 4th and 7th day, IFN-γ on day 0, 1st, 4th, and 7th day and IP-10 on the 4th and 7th day in rejection-free survival probability were significantly lower than low-levels groups. ROC analyses highlight the superiority of fractalkine on day 0, IP-10 on day 0, 4th and 7th day, and IFN-γ on day 0, 1st and 7th day in prediction of acute rejection. We found the combination of fractalkine on day 0, IP-10 on 7th day and IFN-γ on 7th day had the highest AUC (0.866) for predicting rejection with a sensitivity of 86.8% and a specificity of 89.8%. Our findings demonstrated a more powerful prediction of early acute renal allograft rejection during the first month after transplantation by combination of multiple-biomarkers of fractalkine, IFN-γ and IP-10, and the results might help stratify the immunologic risk of acute allograft rejection in recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Xiang Xu
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Hospital of Nephropathy, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Center of Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Ya Shi
- Department of Primary Medical Service, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan-Kui Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jun Hao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Li Duan
- Department of Urology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Han
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Hospital of Nephropathy, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Long Zhao
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Hospital of Nephropathy, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Cheng-Guang Ding
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Hospital of Nephropathy, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wu-Jun Xue
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Hospital of Nephropathy, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Ding
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Hospital of Nephropathy, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Hospital of Nephropathy, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Pu-Xun Tian
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Hospital of Nephropathy, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
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12
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Zou XF, Song B, Duan JH, Hu ZD, Cui ZL, Yang T. PRINS Long Noncoding RNA Involved in IP-10–Mediated Allograft Rejection in Rat Kidney Transplant. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:1558-1565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.03.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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Sequential broncho-alveolar lavages reflect distinct pulmonary compartments: clinical and research implications in lung transplantation. Respir Res 2018; 19:102. [PMID: 29801490 PMCID: PMC5970521 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0786-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has proven to be very useful to monitor the lung allograft after transplantation. In addition to allowing detection of infections, multiple BAL analytes have been proposed as potential biomarkers of lung allograft rejection or dysfunction. However, BAL collection is not well standardized and differences in BAL collection represent an important source of variation. We hypothesized that there are systematic differences between sequential BALs that are relevant to BAL analysis. Methods As part of 126 consecutive bronchoscopies in lung transplant recipients, two sequential BALs (BAL1 and BAL2) were performed in one location during each bronchoscopy by instilling and suctioning 50 ml of normal saline twice into separate containers. Cell concentration, viability and differentials, Surfactant Protein-D (SP-D), Club Cell Secretory Protein (CCSP), and levels of CXCL10, IL-10, CCL2, CCL5, VEGF-C, RAGE, CXCL9, CXCL1, IL-17A, IL-21, PDGF, and GCSF were compared between BAL1 and BAL2. Results Total cell concentration did not differ between BAL1 and BAL2; however, compared to BAL2, BAL1 had more dead cells, epithelial cells, neutrophils, and higher concentrations of airway epithelium-derived CCSP and inflammatory markers. BAL2 had a higher concentration of SP-D compared to BAL1. Conclusion In this study performed in lung transplant recipients, we show that sequential BALs represent different lung compartments and have distinct compositions. BAL1 represents the airway compartment with more epithelial cells, neutrophils, and epithelium-derived CCSP. Conversely, BAL2 samples preferentially the distal bronchoalveolar space with greater cell viability and higher SP-D. Our findings illustrate how the method of BAL collection can influence analyte concentrations and further emphasize the need for a standardized approach in translational research involving BAL samples. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0786-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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14
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Bhimji A, Bhaskaran A, Singer LG, Kumar D, Humar A, Pavan R, Lipton J, Kuruvilla J, Schuh A, Yee K, Minden MD, Schimmer A, Rotstein C, Keshavjee S, Mazzulli T, Husain S. Aspergillus galactomannan detection in exhaled breath condensate compared to bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017; 24:640-645. [PMID: 28970160 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a noninvasive means of sampling the airways that has shown significant promise in the diagnosis of many disorders. There have been no reports of its usefulness in the detection of galactomannan (GM), a component of the cell wall of Aspergillus. The suitability of EBC for the detection of GM for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis (IA) using the Platelia Aspergillus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was investigated. METHODS Prospective, cross-sectional study of lung transplant recipient and haemotologic malignancy patients at a university centre. EBC samples were compared to concomitant bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples among lung transplant recipients and healthy controls. EBC was collected over 10 minutes using a refrigerated condenser according to the European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society recommendations, with the BAL performed immediately thereafter. RESULTS A total of 476 EBC specimens with 444 matched BAL specimens collected from lung transplant recipients (n = 197) or haemotologic malignancy patients (n = 133) were examined. Both diluted and untreated EBC optical density (OD) values (0.0830, interquartile range (IQR) 0.0680-0.1040; and 0.1130, IQR 0.0940-0.1383), respectively, from all patients regardless of clinical syndrome were significantly higher than OD values in healthy control EBCs (0.0508, IQR 0.0597-0.0652; p < 0.0001). However, the OD index values did not correlate with the diagnosis of IA (44 samples were associated with IA). Furthermore, no significant correlation was found between EBC GM and the matched BAL specimen. CONCLUSIONS GM is detectable in EBC; however, no correlation between OD index values and IA was noted in lung transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bhimji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Transplant Infectious Diseases, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Bhaskaran
- Transplant Infectious Diseases, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L G Singer
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Kumar
- Transplant Infectious Diseases, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Humar
- Transplant Infectious Diseases, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Pavan
- Transplant Infectious Diseases, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Lipton
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Kuruvilla
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Schuh
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Yee
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M D Minden
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Schimmer
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Rotstein
- Transplant Infectious Diseases, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Keshavjee
- Transplant Infectious Diseases, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto Lung Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Mazzulli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - S Husain
- Transplant Infectious Diseases, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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Mildenberger J, Johansson I, Sergin I, Kjøbli E, Damås JK, Razani B, Flo TH, Bjørkøy G. N-3 PUFAs induce inflammatory tolerance by formation of KEAP1-containing SQSTM1/p62-bodies and activation of NFE2L2. Autophagy 2017; 13:1664-1678. [PMID: 28820283 PMCID: PMC5640206 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1345411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is crucial in the defense against infections but must be tightly controlled to limit detrimental hyperactivation. Our diet influences inflammatory processes and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have known anti-inflammatory effects. The balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory processes is coordinated by macrophages and macroautophagy/autophagy has recently emerged as a cellular process that dampens inflammation. Here we report that the n-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) transiently induces cytosolic speckles of the autophagic receptor SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1) (described as SQSTM1/p62-bodies) in macrophages. We suggest that the formation of SQSTM1/p62-bodies represents a fast mechanism of NFE2L2/Nrf2 (nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2) activation by recruitment of KEAP1 (kelch like ECH associated protein 1). Further, the autophagy receptor TAX1BP1 (Tax1 binding protein 1) and ubiquitin-editing enzyme TNFAIP3/A20 (TNF α induced protein 3) could be identified in DHA-induced SQSTM1/p62-bodies. Simultaneously, DHA strongly dampened the induction of pro-inflammatory genes including CXCL10 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10) and we suggest that formation of SQSTM1/p62-bodies and activation of NFE2L2 leads to tolerance towards selective inflammatory stimuli. Finally, reduced CXCL10 levels were related to the improved clinical outcome in n-3 PUFA-supplemented heart-transplant patients and we propose CXCL10 as a robust marker for the clinical benefits mobilized by n-3 PUFA supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mildenberger
- a Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway.,b Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Ida Johansson
- a Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Ismail Sergin
- d Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Eli Kjøbli
- b Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Jan Kristian Damås
- a Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway.,c Department of Infectious Diseases , St Olav University Hospital , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Babak Razani
- d Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA.,e Department of Pathology & Immunology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Trude Helen Flo
- a Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Geir Bjørkøy
- a Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway.,b Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway
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16
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Speck NE, Schuurmans MM, Benden C, Robinson CA, Huber LC. Plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage samples in acute lung allograft rejection: the potential role of cytokines as diagnostic markers. Respir Res 2017; 18:151. [PMID: 28784117 PMCID: PMC5547481 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0634-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of differential cytology patterns in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage samples is increasingly investigated as a potential adjunct to diagnose acute and chronic allograft dysfunction after lung transplantation. While these profiles might facilitate the diagnosis of acute cellular rejection, low sensitivity and specificity of these patterns limit direct translation in a clinical setting. In this context, the identification of other biomarkers is needed. This review article gives an overview of cytokine profiles of plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage samples during acute cellular rejection. The value of these cytokines in supporting the diagnosis of acute cellular rejection is discussed. Current findings on the topic are highlighted and experimental settings for future research projects are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Speck
- Division of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Macé M Schuurmans
- Division of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Benden
- Division of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cécile A Robinson
- Division of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lars C Huber
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, City Hospital Triemli, Birmensdorferstrasse 497, CH-8063, Zurich, Switzerland.
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17
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Oghumu S, Nori U, Bracewell A, Zhang J, Bott C, Nadasdy GM, Brodsky SV, Pelletier R, Satoskar AR, Nadasdy T, Satoskar AA. Differential gene expression pattern in biopsies with renal allograft pyelonephritis and allograft rejection. Clin Transplant 2016; 30:1115-33. [PMID: 27352120 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Differentiating acute pyelonephritis (APN) from acute rejection (AR) in renal allograft biopsies can sometimes be difficult because of overlapping clinical and histologic features, lack of positive urine cultures,and variable response to antibiotics. We wanted to study differential gene expression between AR and APN using biopsy tissue. Thirty-three biopsies were analyzed using NanoString multiplex platform and PCR (6 transplant baseline biopsies, 8 AR, 15 APN [8 culture positive, 7 culture negative], and 4 native pyelonephritis [NP]). Additional 22 biopsies were tested by PCR to validate the results. CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and IDO1 were the top differentially expressed genes, upregulated in AR. Lactoferrin (LTF) and CXCL1 were higher in APN and NP. No statistically significant difference in transcript levels was seen between culture-positive and culture-negative APN biopsies. Comparing the overall mRNA signature using Ingenuity pathway analysis, interferon-gamma emerged as the dominant upstream regulator in AR and allograft APN, but not in NP (which clustered separately). Our study suggests that chemokine pathways in graft APN may differ from NP and in fact resemble AR, due to a component of alloreactivity, resulting in variable response to antibiotic treatment. Therefore, cautious addition of steroids might help in resistant cases of graft APN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Uday Nori
- Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anna Bracewell
- Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cherri Bott
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gyongyi M Nadasdy
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sergey V Brodsky
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ronald Pelletier
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tibor Nadasdy
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Anjali A Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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18
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Bhaskaran A, Kabbani D, Singer LG, Prochnow T, Bhimji A, Rotstein C, Finkelman MA, Keshavjee S, Husain S. (1,3) β-D-Glucan in Bronchoalveolar Lavage of Lung Transplant Recipients for the Diagnosis of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis. Med Mycol 2016; 55:173-179. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myw052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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19
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Crescioli C. Chemokines and transplant outcome. Clin Biochem 2016; 49:355-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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20
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Lung Transplantation. PATHOLOGY OF TRANSPLANTATION 2016. [PMCID: PMC7153460 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-29683-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic options for patients with advanced pulmonary parenchymal or vascular disorders are currently limited. Lung transplantation remains one of the few viable interventions, but on account of the insufficient donor pool only a minority of these patients actually undergo the procedure each year. Following transplantation there are a number of early and late allograft complications such as primary graft dysfunction, allograft rejection, infection, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder and late injury that is now classified as chronic lung allograft dysfunction. The pathologist plays an essential role in the diagnosis and classification of these myriad complications. Although the transplant procedures are performed in selected centers patients typically return to their local centers. When complications arise it is often the responsibility of the local pathologist to evaluate specimens. Therefore familiarity with the pathology of lung transplantation is important.
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21
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Calarota SA, Aberle JH, Puchhammer-Stöckl E, Baldanti F. Approaches for monitoring of non virus-specific and virus-specific T-cell response in solid organ transplantation and their clinical applications. J Clin Virol 2015; 70:109-119. [PMID: 26305832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.07.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Opportunistic viral infections are still a major complication following solid organ transplantation. Immune monitoring may allow the identification of patients at risk of infection and, eventually, the modulation of immunosuppressive strategies. Immune monitoring can be performed using virus-specific and non virus-specific assays. This article describes and summarizes the pros and cons of the different technical approaches. Among the assays based on non virus-specific antigens, the enumeration of T-cell subsets, the quantification of cytokines and chemokines and the quantification of intracellular adenosine triphosphate following mitogen stimulation are described and their clinical applications to determine the risk for viral infection are discussed. In addition, current specific methods available for monitoring viral-specific T-cell responses are summarized, such as peptide-MHC multimer staining, intracellular cytokine staining, enzyme-linked immunospot and virus-specific IFN-γ ELISA assays, and their clinical applications to determine the individual risk for opportunistic viral infections with human cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and polyoma BK virus are discussed. The standardization of the procedure, the choice of the antigen(s) and the criteria to define cut-off values for positive responses are needed for some of these approaches before their implementation in the clinic. Nevertheless, immune monitoring combined with virological monitoring in transplant recipients is increasingly regarded as a helpful tool to identify patients at risk of infection as well as to assess treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Calarota
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Via Taramelli 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Judith H Aberle
- Department of Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1095 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Fausto Baldanti
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Via Taramelli 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Brambilla 74, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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22
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Jamal AJ, Resende MR, Prochnow T, McGilvray I, Pilewski JM, Crespo MM, Singer LG, McCurry KR, Kolls JK, Keshavjee S, Liles WC, Husain S. Simkania negevensis and acute cellular rejection in lung transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 2015; 29:705-11. [PMID: 26009941 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Simkania negevensis infection has been hypothesized to play a role in lung transplant rejection. The incidence of S. negevensis infection and its association with acute cellular rejection (ACR) were determined in a prospective cohort study of 78 lung transplant recipients (LTRs) in Toronto, Canada, and Pittsburgh, USA, from July 2007 to January 2010. Simkania negevensis testing was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The relationship between S. negevensis and ACR was examined using Cox proportional hazards models and generalized linear and latent mixed models. Cumulative incidence estimates for time-to-ACR in S. negevensis PCR-positive vs. PCR-negative LTRs were 52.7% vs. 31.1% at six months and 68.9% vs. 44.6% at one yr, respectively. Although not statistically significant, there was a trend toward a higher risk of ACR among S. negevensis PCR-positive vs. PCR-negative LTRs in all statistical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alainna J Jamal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mariangela R Resende
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Taisa Prochnow
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ian McGilvray
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph M Pilewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria M Crespo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lianne G Singer
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth R McCurry
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Departments of Pediatrics and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - W Conrad Liles
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shahid Husain
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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23
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Lisboa LF, Egli A, Fairbanks J, O'Shea D, Manuel O, Husain S, Kumar D, Humar A. CCL8 and the Immune Control of Cytomegalovirus in Organ Transplant Recipients. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:1882-92. [PMID: 25764912 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of cytomegalovirus cell-mediated immunity is a promising tool for the refinement of preventative and therapeutic strategies posttransplantation. Typically, the interferon-γ response to T cell stimulation is measured. We evaluated a broad range of cytokine and chemokines to better characterize the ex vivo host-response to CMV peptide stimulation. In a cohort of CMV viremic organ transplant recipients, chemokine expression-specifically CCL8 (AUC 0.849 95% CI 0.721-0.978; p = 0.003) and CXCL10 (AUC 0.841, 95% CI 0.707-0.974; p = 0.004)-was associated with control of viral replication. In a second cohort of transplant recipients at high-risk for CMV, the presence of a polymorphism in the CCL8 promoter conferred an increased risk of viral replication after discontinuation of antiviral prophylaxis (logrank hazard ratio 3.6; 95% CI 2.077-51.88). Using cell-sorting experiments, we determined that the primary cell type producing CCL8 in response to CMV peptide stimulation was the monocyte fraction. Finally, in vitro experiments using standard immunosuppressive agents demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in CCL8 production. Chemokines appear to be important elements of the cell-mediated response to CMV infection posttransplant, as here suggested for CCL8, and translation of this knowledge may allow for the tailoring and improvement of preventative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Lisboa
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - A Egli
- Infection Biology Lab, Department Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Fairbanks
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - D O'Shea
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - O Manuel
- Infectious Diseases Service and Transplantation Center, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Husain
- Department of Medicine and Multi-organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Kumar
- Department of Medicine and Multi-organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Humar
- Department of Medicine and Multi-organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Hartert M, Senbaklavacin O, Gohrbandt B, Fischer BM, Buhl R, Vahld CF. Lung transplantation: a treatment option in end-stage lung disease. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 111:107-16. [PMID: 24622680 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2014.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung transplantation is the final treatment option in the end stage of certain lung diseases, once all possible conservative treatments have been exhausted. Depending on the indication for which lung transplantation is performed, it can improve the patient's quality of life (e.g., in emphysema) and/ or prolong life expectancy (e.g., in cystic fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension). The main selection criteria for transplant candidates, aside from the underlying pulmonary or cardiopulmonary disease, are age, degree of mobility, nutritional and muscular condition, and concurrent extrapulmonary disease. The pool of willing organ donors is shrinking, and every sixth candidate for lung transplantation now dies while on the waiting list. METHOD We reviewed pertinent articles (up to October 2013) retrieved by a selective search in Medline and other German and international databases, including those of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT), Eurotransplant, the German Institute for Applied Quality Promotion and Research in Health-Care (Institut für angewandte Qualitätsförderung und Forschung im Gesundheitswesen, AQUA-Institut), and the German Foundation for Organ Transplantation (Deutsche Stiftung Organtransplantation, DSO). RESULTS The short- and long-term results have markedly improved in recent years: the 1-year survival rate has risen from 70.9% to 82.9%, and the 5-year survival rate from 46.9% to 59.6%. The 90-day mortality is 10.0%. The postoperative complications include acute (3.4%) and chronic (29.0%) transplant rejection, infections (38.0%), transplant failure (24.7%), airway complications (15.0%), malignant tumors (15.0%), cardiovascular events (10.9%), and other secondary extrapulmonary diseases (29.8%). Bilateral lung transplantation is superior to unilateral transplantation (5-year survival rate 57.3% versus 47.4%). CONCLUSION Seamless integration of the various components of treatment will be essential for further improvements in outcome. In particular, the follow-up care of transplant recipients should always be provided in close cooperation with the transplant center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Hartert
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Department of Hematology, Pneumology and Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
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25
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Salvadori M, Bertoni E. What's new in clinical solid organ transplantation by 2013. World J Transplant 2014; 4:243-66. [PMID: 25540734 PMCID: PMC4274595 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v4.i4.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Innovative and exciting advances in the clinical science in solid organ transplantation continuously realize as the results of studies, clinical trials, international conferences, consensus conferences, new technologies and discoveries. This review will address to the full spectrum of news in transplantation, that verified by 2013. The key areas covered are the transplantation activity, with particular regards to the donors, the news for solid organs such as kidney, pancreas, liver, heart and lung, the news in immunosuppressive therapies, the news in the field of tolerance and some of the main complications following transplantation as infections and cancers. The period of time covered by the study starts from the international meetings held in 2012, whose results were published in 2013, up to the 2013 meetings, conferences and consensus published in the first months of 2014. In particular for every organ, the trends in numbers and survival have been reviewed as well as the most relevant problems such as organ preservation, ischemia reperfusion injuries, and rejections with particular regards to the antibody mediated rejection that involves all solid organs. The new drugs and strategies applied in organ transplantation have been divided into new way of using old drugs or strategies and drugs new not yet on the market, but on phase Ito III of clinical studies and trials.
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