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Gooding DC, Mohrbacher DA, Umucu E, Van Hulle CA, Lewis JP, Carter FP, Gleason CE. Ethnoracialized group differences in attitudes and knowledge about schizophrenia and willingness to engage in biomarker research: The UBIGR Study. Psychiatry Res 2024; 334:115776. [PMID: 38377801 PMCID: PMC11835010 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Although there is renewed optimism in biomarker research in schizophrenia, there is also need for greater inclusion of historically underrepresented groups in the research. In the present study, we surveyed 599 African American, 352 American Indian/Alaska Native, and 725 NonHispanic White participants about their attitudes toward research, knowledge and attitudes about schizophrenia, and willingness to engage in biomarker testing. Attitudes toward research were examined using the standardized 7-item Research Attitudes Questionnaire (RAQ) measure. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), we tested our predictive model of the likelihood of willingness to engage in biomarker testing for schizophrenia risk. Members of historically underrepresented groups were less willing to engage in biomarker testing. Overall, attitudes toward research, particularly trust, influenced biomarker testing willingness. These findings suggest that factors influencing willingness to engage in schizophrenia biomarker testing may be modifiable by outreach engagement and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Carol Gooding
- Department of Psychology, UW-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, SMPH, UW-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Geriatrics and Gerontology, Dept. of Medicine, SMPH, UW-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Denise A Mohrbacher
- Department of Population Health Sciences, SMPH, UW-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Emre Umucu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Texas - El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Carol A Van Hulle
- Geriatrics and Gerontology, Dept. of Medicine, SMPH, UW-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, UW-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jordan P Lewis
- Memory Keepers Medical Discovery Team, Dept of Family Medicine & Biobehavioral Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth campus, MN, USA
| | - Fabu P Carter
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, UW-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Carey E Gleason
- Geriatrics and Gerontology, Dept. of Medicine, SMPH, UW-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, UW-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, UW-Madison, WI, USA
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Hu WT, Bergren SM, Dychtwald DK, Ma Y, Dong X. Variations in racial and ethnic groups' trust in researchers associated with willingness to participate in research. HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 10:466. [PMID: 38650745 PMCID: PMC11034911 DOI: 10.1057/s41599-023-01960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Low enrollment in U.S. biomedical research by non-White adults has historically been attributed to mistrust, but few studies have simultaneously examined dimensions of trust in three or more racial/ethnic groups. Leveraging the racial/ethnic diversity of New Jersey, we prospectively recruited 293 adults (72% women, 38% older than 54 years of age) between October 2020 and February 2022 to complete two anonymous surveys in English or one of the common languages (e.g., Spanish, Mandarin Chinese). The first consisted of 12 Likert Scale questions related to trust in biomedical researchers (according to safety, equity, transparency), and the second assessed willingness to consider participation in eight common research activities (health-related survey, blood collection, genetic analysis, medication study, etc). Participants self-reported as Hispanic (n=102), Black (n=49), Chinese (n=48), other Asian (n=53), or White (n=41) race/ethnicity. Factor analysis showed three aspects related to trust in researchers: researchers as fiduciaries for research participants, racial/ethnic equity in research, and transparency. Importantly, we observed differences in the relationship between mistrust and willingness to participate. Whereas Chinese respondents' low trust in researchers mediated their low interest in research involving more than health-related surveys, Hispanic respondents' low trust in research equity did not deter high willingness to participate in research involving blood and genetic analysis. We caution that a generic association between trust and research participation should not be broadly assumed, and biomedical researchers should prospectively assess this relationship within each minoritized group to avoid hasty generalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Hu
- Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, USA
| | | | - Dana K Dychtwald
- Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, USA
| | - Yiming Ma
- Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, USA
| | - XinQi Dong
- Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, USA
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Lindberg NM, Gutierrez AM, Mittendorf KF, Ramos MA, Anguiano B, Angelo F, Joseph G. Creating accessible Spanish language materials for Clinical Sequencing Evidence-Generating Research consortium genomic projects: challenges and lessons learned. Per Med 2021; 18:441-454. [PMID: 34448595 PMCID: PMC8438935 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2020-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Aim: To increase Spanish speakers' representation in genomics research, accessible study materials on genetic topics must be made available in Spanish. Materials & methods: The Clinical Sequencing Evidence-Generating Research consortium is evaluating genome sequencing for underserved populations. All sites needed Spanish translation of recruitment materials, surveys and return of results. Results: We describe our process for translating site-specific materials, as well as shared measures across sites, to inform future efforts to engage Spanish speakers in research. Conclusion: In translating and adapting study materials for roughly 1000 Spanish speakers across the USA, and harmonizing translated measures across diverse sites, we overcame numerous challenges. Translation should be performed by professionals. Studies must allocate sufficient time, effort and budget to translate and adapt participant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nangel M Lindberg
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Amanda M Gutierrez
- Baylor College of Medicine Center for Medical Ethics & Health Policy, One Baylor Plaza, Suite 310D, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kathleen F Mittendorf
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Michelle A Ramos
- Department of Population Health Science & Policy Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1077, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Beatriz Anguiano
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Program in Bioethics, 3333 California Ave (suite 340), San Francisco, CA 94606, USA
| | - Frank Angelo
- CSER Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Division of Medical Genetics, Health Sciences Building, K-253 Box 357720 Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Galen Joseph
- University of California San Francisco Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, 1450 3rd Street, Rm. 551 San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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4
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Editorial: Racial and ethnic disparities in research and treatment of people with schizophrenia. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2021; 34:199-202. [PMID: 33534421 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Chartier KG, Martinez P, Cummings C, Riley BP, Karriker-Jaffe KJ. Recruiting for diversity: a pilot test of recruitment strategies for a national alcohol survey with mail-in genetic data collection. J Community Genet 2021; 12:459-468. [PMID: 33398649 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-020-00502-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the feasibility and acceptability of collecting a saliva sample for DNA through the mail from a national sample of drinkers and examined whether targeted messaging would increase the response rates of Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino participants. We invited respondents from two prior national population surveys to participate in a brief telephone survey regarding recent alcohol use and to mail in a self-administered saliva sample. Blacks/African Americans, Hispanics/Latinos, and Whites had similar rates of consenting to participate. A higher proportion of respondents with a college education and a family history of alcohol problems consented. The differences in participation between respondents receiving targeted and general messaging were not statistically significant. This study provides preliminary evidence for the feasibility of recruiting diverse participants into a genetic study of alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen G Chartier
- School of Social Work and Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | | | - Cory Cummings
- School of Social Work, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ, USA
| | - Brien P Riley
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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McCarthy MJ, Chen Y, Demodena A, Fisher E, Golshan S, Suppes T, Kelsoe JR. Attitudes on pharmacogenetic testing in psychiatric patients with treatment-resistant depression. Depress Anxiety 2020; 37:842-850. [PMID: 32667102 PMCID: PMC7484047 DOI: 10.1002/da.23074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel technologies make it possible to incorporate pharmacogenetic testing into the medical management of depression. However, previous studies indicate that there may be a subset of subjects who have concerns about genetic testing and may be psychologically vulnerable. If so, pharmacogenetic testing in depressed subjects could negatively impact their mental health and undermine treatment goals. METHODS In this study, we developed a standardized instrument to assess motivations and attitudes around pharmacogenetic testing in a cohort of 170 depressed Veterans participating in a multi-center clinic trial. RESULTS Testing reveals that subjects were largely positive about the use of genetic testing to guide pharmacological treatment and help plan their future. Most subjects showed only modest concerns about the impact on family, inability to cope with the results, and fear of discrimination. The severity of depression did not predict the concern expressed about negative outcomes. However, non-Caucasian subjects were more likely on average to endorse concerns about poor coping and fear of discrimination. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that while the overall risk is modest, some patients with depression may face psychosocial challenges in the context of pharmacogenetic testing. Future work should identify factors that predict distress and aim to tailor test results to different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. McCarthy
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego California,UC San Diego Department of Psychiatry
| | - Yucui Chen
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego California,UC San Diego Department of Psychiatry
| | - Anna Demodena
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego California
| | - Eileen Fisher
- VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto California,Stanford University Department of Psychiatry
| | - Shahrokh Golshan
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego California,UC San Diego Department of Psychiatry
| | - Trisha Suppes
- VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto California,Stanford University Department of Psychiatry
| | - John R. Kelsoe
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego California,UC San Diego Department of Psychiatry
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Bixo L, Cunningham JL, Ekselius L, Öster C, Ramklint M. 'Sick and tired': Patients reported reasons for not participating in clinical psychiatric research. Health Expect 2019; 24 Suppl 1:20-29. [PMID: 31605443 PMCID: PMC8137497 DOI: 10.1111/hex.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Meaningful and generalizable research depends on patients' willingness to participate. Studies often fail to reach satisfactory representativeness. Objective This paper aims to investigate reasons for not participating in research among young adult patients with psychiatric illness. Method A quantitative cross‐sectional study was performed based on questionnaires reported on by 51 psychiatric patients (14 males, 35 females and two unspecified) who had previously declined participation in an ongoing research project. Thereafter, a qualitative interview with subsequent content analysis was conducted with ten additional patients (five males, five females). Results The questionnaires indicate being ‘too tired/too sick to participate’ as the most common barrier. Lack of time and fear of needles were other common barriers. Lack of trust or belief in the value of research was less inhibitive. In the interviews, disabling psychiatric symptoms were confirmed as the main reason for not participating. Several potential ways to increase participation were identified, such as simplification of procedures and information as well as providing rewards and feedback, and building relationships before asking. Conclusion This study is unusual as it focuses on the group of young people attending psychiatry outpatient clinics we know very little about – those who do not partake in research. Our results indicate that fatigue and sickness reduce research participation and identify factors that may facilitate enrolment of this important group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv Bixo
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Janet L Cunningham
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lisa Ekselius
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Caisa Öster
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mia Ramklint
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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8
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Ewing AT, Kalu N, Cain G, Erby LH, Ricks-Santi LJ, Tetteyfio-Kidd Telemaque E, Scott DM. Factors associated with willingness to provide biospecimens for genetics research among African American cancer survivors. J Community Genet 2019; 10:471-480. [PMID: 30877487 PMCID: PMC6754482 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-019-00411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated factors associated with willingness to provide biospecimens for cancer genetic research among African American cancer survivors. A total of 200 African American adults diagnosed with breast, colon, and/or prostate cancers completed a self-administered survey. Family history information, beliefs about cancer research, cancer genetics and disparities knowledge, willingness to provide a biospecimen, and demographics were obtained. Chi-square, independent samples t tests, and logistic regression analyses were performed. Overall, 79% of this sample was willing to provide a biospecimen for cancer genetics research. Independent associations of willingness to provide a biospecimen existed among demographics (males (p = 0.041)), those who believed in the importance of genetic causes of cancer (p < 0.001), individuals who believe it is important to participate in genetics research (p < 0.001), and those who indicated they would participate in genetics research to help future generations (p = 0.026). Overall, 12.5-56% of participants demonstrated some level of genetics and cancer disparities. This study identified factors that may be incorporated into future research interventions to engage the African American cancer population in cancer genetics biobanking research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nnenna Kalu
- College of Medicine Alcohol Research Center, Howard University, Washington, DC USA
| | - Gloria Cain
- College of Medicine Alcohol Research Center, Howard University, Washington, DC USA
| | - Lori H. Erby
- Genetic Counseling Training Program, Johns Hopkins University/National Human Genome Research Institute (JHU/NHGRI), 31 Center Dr B1B36, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Luisel J. Ricks-Santi
- Department of Cancer Research Center, Hampton University Cancer Center, Hampton, VA USA
| | | | - Denise M. Scott
- College of Medicine Alcohol Research Center, Howard University, Washington, DC USA
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9
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Roberts LW, Tsungmey T, Kim JP, Hantke M. Views of the importance of psychiatric genetic research by potential volunteers from stakeholder groups. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 106:69-73. [PMID: 30292779 PMCID: PMC6333463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have explored potential volunteers' attitudes toward genetic research. To address this gap in the literature, we developed an empirical project to document views held by individuals who may wish to enroll in genetic studies involving mental disorders. People living with mental illness, family members of people with mental illness, and community comparison volunteers were queried regarding their views on the importance of genetic research generally, in comparison with medical research, and in relation to 12 health conditions categorized in four types. T-tests and univariate and multivariate analysis of variance were used as appropriate. Participants expressed support for the importance of genetic research (mean = 9.43, scale = 1-10) and endorsed genetic research more highly compared with non-genetic medical research (mean = 9.43 vs. 8.69, P value = <0.001). The most highly endorsed genetic research was for cognitive disorders, followed by mental illness disorders, physical illness disorders, and addiction disorders (means = 8.88, 8.26, 8.16 and 7.55, respectively, P value = <0.001). Overall, this study provides evidence of strong endorsement of genetic research over non-genetic research by potential volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Weiss Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5717, USA.
| | - Tenzin Tsungmey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305-5717
| | - Jane Paik Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305-5717
| | - Melinda Hantke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305-5717
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Dick DM, Barr P, Guy M, Nasim A, Scott D. Review: Genetic research on alcohol use outcomes in African American populations: A review of the literature, associated challenges, and implications. Am J Addict 2017; 26:486-493. [PMID: 28240821 PMCID: PMC5884102 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There have been remarkable advances in understanding genetic influences on complex traits; however, individuals of African descent have been underrepresented in genetic research. METHODS We review the limitations of existing genetic research on alcohol phenotypes in African Americans (AA) including both twin and gene identification studies, possible reasons for underrepresentation of AAs in genetic research, the implications of the lack of racially diverse samples, and special considerations regarding conducting genetic research in AA populations. RESULTS There is a marked absence of large-scale AA twin studies so little is known about the genetic epidemiology of alcohol use and problems among AAs. Individuals of African descent have also been underrepresented in gene identification efforts; however, there have been recent efforts to enhance representation. It remains unknown the extent to which genetic variants associated with alcohol use outcomes in individuals of European and African descent will be shared. Efforts to increase representation must be accompanied by careful attention to the ethical, legal, and social implications of genetic research. This is particularly true for AAs due to the history of abuse by the biomedical community and the persistent racial discrimination targeting this population. CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Lack of representation in genetic studies limits our understanding of the etiological factors that contribute to substance use and psychiatric outcomes in populations of African descent and has the potential to further perpetuate health disparities. Involving individuals of diverse ancestry in discussions about genetic research will be critical to ensure that all populations benefit equally from genetic advances. (Am J Addict 2017;26:486-493).
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of African American Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Peter Barr
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of African American Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Mignonne Guy
- Department of African American Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Aashir Nasim
- Department of African American Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Denise Scott
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Genetics and Alcohol Research Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
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Garza MA, Quinn SC, Li Y, Assini-Meytin L, Casper ET, Fryer CS, Butler J, Brown NA, Kim KH, Thomas SB. The Influence of Race and Ethnicity on Becoming a Human Subject: Factors Associated with Participation in Research. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2017; 7:57-63. [PMID: 29226266 PMCID: PMC5716487 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inroduction The purpose of this study was to explore factors associated with willingness of African Americans and Latinos to participate in biomedical and public health research and to delineate factors that influence the decision to become a human subject. Methods We present results from a 2010 random digit-dial telephone survey of 2,455 African American (N = 1191) and Latino (N = 1264) adults. We used standard measures to assess knowledge of research, terminology, informed consent procedures, previous participation in research, health care experiences, social support, risk perception, religiousness, and trust. Results Over 60% of both African Americans and Latinos reported they believed people in medical research are pressured into participating. Over 50% said that it was not at all important to have someone of the same race/ethnicity ask them to participate. In a sub-sample of 322 African Americans and 190 Latinos who had previously been asked to participate in a research study, 63% of African Americans and 65% of Latinos consented to participate in a study. Finally, both African Americans (57%) and Latinos (68%) reported willingness to participate in future research. Overall, the multivariate analysis explained 29% of the variability in willingness to participate in future research. Conclusions Results suggest that African Americans and Latinos have no automatic predisposition to decline participation in research studies. These results can inform culturally tailored interventions for ethical recruitment of minorities into research and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Garza
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health; Maryland Center for Health Equity, School of Public Health, University of Maryland College Park
| | - Sandra Crouse Quinn
- Department of Family Science; Maryland Center for Health Equity, School of Public Health, University of Maryland College Park
| | - Yan Li
- Joint Program in Survey Methodology & Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park
| | - Luciana Assini-Meytin
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health; Maryland Center for Health Equity, School of Public Health, University of Maryland College Park
| | - Erica T Casper
- Maryland Center for Health Equity, School of Public Health, University of Maryland College Park
| | - Craig S Fryer
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health; Maryland Center for Health Equity, School of Public Health, University of Maryland College Park
| | - James Butler
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health; Maryland Center for Health Equity, School of Public Health, University of Maryland College Park
| | - Natasha A Brown
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health; Maryland Center for Health Equity, School of Public Health, University of Maryland College Park
| | - Kevin H Kim
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health; Maryland Center for Health Equity, School of Public Health, University of Maryland College Park
| | - Stephen B Thomas
- Department of Health Services Administration; Maryland Center for Health Equity, School of Public Health, University of Maryland College Park
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12
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Martinez P, Cummings C, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Chartier KG. Learning from Latino voices: Focus Groups' Insights on Participation in Genetic Research. Am J Addict 2017; 26:477-485. [PMID: 28376266 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There is a paucity of genetics research examining alcohol use among Latinos. The purpose of this study is to examine Latino perceptions of participation in alcohol studies that collect biological samples, an important precursor to increasing their participation in genetics research. METHODS A synthesis of the literature addressing participation of racial/ethnic minorities in alcohol genetics research was undertaken. We developed a framework of themes related to barriers and facilitators for participation, which we then used to analyze two focus groups held with 18 Latino participants. RESULTS From the literature review, we identified nine themes related to facilitators of and barriers to participation. They are, on continua: curiosity to disinterest; trust to mistrust; understanding to confusion; safety to danger; inclusion to exclusion; sense of connection to disconnection; hope to despair; ease to hassle; and benefit to cost. Another theme emerged from the focus groups: previous experience to no previous experience with health research. CONCLUSIONS Applying the themes from the literature review to Latino perspectives on providing biological samples for alcohol research helps expand their definition and applicability. Consideration of these themes when designing recruitment/retention materials and strategies may encourage Latino participation in alcohol genetics research. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE An understanding of these themes and their significance for Latinos is offered in the form of "guiding questions" for researchers to consider as we strive for more inclusive research. Focus group participants were Mexican American; future research should further explore perspectives of this heterogeneous demographic group by studying other Latino subgroups. (Am J Addict 2017;26:477-485).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cory Cummings
- School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | - Karen G Chartier
- School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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13
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Dressler LG, Deal AM, Owzar K, Watson D, Donahue K, Friedman PN, Ratain MJ, McLeod HL. Participation in Cancer Pharmacogenomic Studies: A Study of 8456 Patients Registered to Clinical Trials in the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (Alliance). J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107:djv188. [PMID: 26160883 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinically annotated specimens from cancer clinical trial participants offer an opportunity for discovery and validation of pharmacogenomic findings. The purpose of this observational study is to better understand patient/institution factors that may contribute to participation in the pharmacogenomic component of prospective cancer clinical trials. METHODS Patient demographic information (age, sex, self-reported race) and institutional characteristics (CALGB/CTSU site, "diversity," and accrual) were evaluated for 8456 patients enrolled in seven CALGB phase III studies with a pharmacogenomic component. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS The majority of patients (81%) consented to participate in the pharmacogenomic component. However, in a multivariable analysis, site (CALGB vs CTSU) and "institutional diversity" (percent minority cancer patients on national trials) were statistically significantly associated with participation. For both whites and nonwhites, patients from CALGB sites were more likely to participate compared with patients from CTSU sites (whites: odds ratio [OR] = 2.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.68 to 3.04, P < .001; nonwhites: OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.52 to 2.11, P < .001). However, as "institutional diversity" increased, the likelihood of participation in the pharmacogenomics component decreased for both white (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.91 to 0.97, P < .001) and nonwhite patients (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.81 to 1.00, P = .05). CONCLUSIONS Most clinical trial cancer patients across geographical, racial, and practice settings are willing to participate in pharmacogenomic studies. However, to promote equitable benefit to the larger cancer community, optimization of both patient and institutional participation are needed. Institutional factors may be even more compelling than patient demographics. Prospective studies are needed to identify and address barriers/incentives to participation in pharmacogenomic research at the patient, clinician, and institutional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn G Dressler
- Personalized Medicine, Mission Cancer Care, Mission Health, Asheville, NC (LGD); Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (AMD); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham, NC (formerly the Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical and Data Management Center, Duke University, Durham, NC) (KO); GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (DW); Independent contractor, Williamsville, NY (KD); Department of Medicine and Center for Personalized Therapeutics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (PNF, MJR); DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL (HLM).
| | - Allison M Deal
- Personalized Medicine, Mission Cancer Care, Mission Health, Asheville, NC (LGD); Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (AMD); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham, NC (formerly the Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical and Data Management Center, Duke University, Durham, NC) (KO); GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (DW); Independent contractor, Williamsville, NY (KD); Department of Medicine and Center for Personalized Therapeutics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (PNF, MJR); DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL (HLM)
| | - Kouros Owzar
- Personalized Medicine, Mission Cancer Care, Mission Health, Asheville, NC (LGD); Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (AMD); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham, NC (formerly the Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical and Data Management Center, Duke University, Durham, NC) (KO); GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (DW); Independent contractor, Williamsville, NY (KD); Department of Medicine and Center for Personalized Therapeutics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (PNF, MJR); DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL (HLM)
| | - Dorothy Watson
- Personalized Medicine, Mission Cancer Care, Mission Health, Asheville, NC (LGD); Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (AMD); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham, NC (formerly the Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical and Data Management Center, Duke University, Durham, NC) (KO); GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (DW); Independent contractor, Williamsville, NY (KD); Department of Medicine and Center for Personalized Therapeutics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (PNF, MJR); DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL (HLM)
| | - Katherine Donahue
- Personalized Medicine, Mission Cancer Care, Mission Health, Asheville, NC (LGD); Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (AMD); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham, NC (formerly the Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical and Data Management Center, Duke University, Durham, NC) (KO); GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (DW); Independent contractor, Williamsville, NY (KD); Department of Medicine and Center for Personalized Therapeutics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (PNF, MJR); DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL (HLM)
| | - Paula N Friedman
- Personalized Medicine, Mission Cancer Care, Mission Health, Asheville, NC (LGD); Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (AMD); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham, NC (formerly the Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical and Data Management Center, Duke University, Durham, NC) (KO); GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (DW); Independent contractor, Williamsville, NY (KD); Department of Medicine and Center for Personalized Therapeutics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (PNF, MJR); DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL (HLM)
| | - Mark J Ratain
- Personalized Medicine, Mission Cancer Care, Mission Health, Asheville, NC (LGD); Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (AMD); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham, NC (formerly the Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical and Data Management Center, Duke University, Durham, NC) (KO); GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (DW); Independent contractor, Williamsville, NY (KD); Department of Medicine and Center for Personalized Therapeutics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (PNF, MJR); DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL (HLM)
| | - Howard L McLeod
- Personalized Medicine, Mission Cancer Care, Mission Health, Asheville, NC (LGD); Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (AMD); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham, NC (formerly the Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical and Data Management Center, Duke University, Durham, NC) (KO); GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (DW); Independent contractor, Williamsville, NY (KD); Department of Medicine and Center for Personalized Therapeutics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (PNF, MJR); DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL (HLM)
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14
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Bishop WP, Tiro JA, Sanders JM, Craddock Lee SJ, Skinner CS. Effectiveness of a community research registry to recruit minority and underserved adults for health research. Clin Transl Sci 2014; 8:82-4. [PMID: 25354322 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recruiting minorities and underserved populations into population-based studies is a long standing challenge. This study examined the feasibility of recruiting adults from a community research registry. METHODS Ethnically diverse, bilingual staff attended health fairs, inviting adults to join a registry. We examined rates of successful contact, scheduling, and participation for studies that used the registry. RESULTS Five studies queried 6,886 research registry members (48% Hispanic and 38% black) and attempted to contact 2,301 potentially eligible participants; eligibility criteria varied across studies. We successfully contacted 1,130 members, 51.9% were scheduled to participate and of those, 60.8% completed their study appointment. Non-Hispanic whites were less likely than Hispanics to be interested, but among those scheduling an appointment, participation did not differ by race/ethnicity. CONCLUSION Community research registries are a feasible and efficient method for recruiting minority and underserved adults and may address disparities in access to and participation in health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Pechero Bishop
- Division of Behavioral and Communication Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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15
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Swann G, Byck GR, Dick DM, Aliev F, Latendresse SJ, Riley B, Kertes D, Sun C, Salvatore JE, Bolland J, Mustanski B. Effect of OPRM1 and stressful life events on symptoms of major depression in African American adolescents. J Affect Disord 2014; 162:12-9. [PMID: 24766998 PMCID: PMC4083691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a community sample of low-income African American adolescents, we tested the interactive effects of variation in the mu 1 opioid receptor (OPRM1) gene and the occurrence of stressful life events on symptoms of depression. METHOD Interactive effects of 24 OPRM1 simple nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and adolescent report of stressful life events on depression were tested using multilevel regressions. SNPs were dummy coded to test both additive and dominate forms of coding. RESULTS Five OPRM1 SNPs showed significant evidence of interaction with stressful life events to alter depression risk (or symptoms) after adjusting for multiple testing and the correlated nature of the SNPs. Follow-up analyses showed significant differences based on OPRM1 genotype at both lower and higher frequencies of stressful life events, suggesting that participants with a copy of the minor allele on OPRM1 SNPs rs524731, rs9478503, rs3778157, rs10485057, and rs511420 have fewer symptoms in low stress conditions but more symptoms in high stress conditions compared to major allele homozygotes. LIMITATIONS The genetic variants associated with depression in African American adolescents may not translate to other ethnic groups. This study is also limited in that only one gene that functions within a complex biological system is addressed. CONCLUSIONS This current study is the first to find an interaction between OPRM1 and life stress that is associated with depression. It also addressed an understudied population within the behavioral genetics literature. Further research should test additional genes involved in the opioid system and expand the current findings to more diverse samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cuie Sun
- Virginia Commonwealth University
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16
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Amiri L, Cassidy-Bushrow AE, Dakki H, Li J, Wells K, Oliveria SA, Yood MU, Thomas A, Lanfear DE. Patient characteristics and participation in a genetic study: a type 2 diabetes cohort. J Investig Med 2014; 62. [PMID: 24379022 PMCID: PMC3978128 DOI: 10.231/jim.0000000000000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recruitment of large, diverse populations into genetic studies remains challenging. Potential strategies to overcome limitations include leveraging electronic health data and minimizing patient burden. We sought to describe the overall participation rate and identify characteristics associated with participation in a genetic substudy of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, in which patients were identified via electronic hospital data and asked to participate by providing DNA samples by mail. METHODS During a phone interview, participants (n = 455) were asked to take part in a genetic substudy. Subjects verbally consenting were mailed saliva collection kits and written consent forms. We examined demographic and clinical variables associated with verbal consent and DNA kit return using logistic regression. RESULTS Overall, 90% (n = 410) verbally consented to the genetic substudy during interviews. However, of those consenting, only 70% returned the DNA kit (n = 287). Among those consenting, after covariate adjustment, male sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-2.65), African American race (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39-0.95), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.75-1.00), and physical activity (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.37-0.91) were significantly associated with DNA kit return. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, we are the first to demonstrate an inverse association between HbA1c and participation in genetic research, potentially indicating a compliance-related trait needing further exploration. The DNA kit return rate being notably lower than the verbal consent rate suggests that the greater convenience of a telephone/mail-in process did not drastically enhance full participation. Direct comparison to in-person donation may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loabat Amiri
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, Bone and Mineral Disorders, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | | | - Heather Dakki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Karen Wells
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | | | | | - Abraham Thomas
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, Bone and Mineral Disorders, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - David E. Lanfear
- Heart and Vascular Institute and Center for Health Services and Policy Research, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
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17
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Genotyping serotonin transporter polymorphisms 5-HTTLPR and rs25531 in European- and African-American subjects from the National Institute of Mental Health's Collaborative Center for Genomic Studies. Transl Psychiatry 2013; 3:e307. [PMID: 24064711 PMCID: PMC3784769 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have suggested DNA sequence variability in the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) between European-American (EA) and African-American (AA) populations, which could be clinically important, given the central role SLC6A4 has in serotonin transmission. However, these studies have had relatively small samples, used self-reported measures of race, and have only tested the promoter-linked polymorphism 5-HTTLPR. Here we genotype 5-HTTLPR and rs25531, a neighboring functional polymorphism, in 954 AA and 2622EA subjects from a National Institute of Mental Health repository sample. Genotyping was performed using fragment analysis by capillary electrophoresis. AA, as compared with EA, groups had lower frequencies of the S allele (0.25 vs 0.43) and SS genotype (0.06 vs 0.19) at 5-HTTLPR, and higher rates of the G allele at rs25531 (0.21 vs 0.075). A rare xL variant at 5-HTTLPR was also more common among AAs (0.017 vs 0.008). When the polymorphisms were redefined into a high- and low-transcription haplotypes, the AA group showed significantly fewer low-transcription variants (χ(2)=4.8, P=0.03). No genotypes were associated with major depression, any anxiety disorder, or neuroticism in either EA or AA populations. This is the largest study to show SLC6A4 genotype differences between EA and AA populations, and the first to include rs25531. Lack of associations with clinical outcomes may reflect untested moderating environmental influences.
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18
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Socioeconomic determinants associated with willingness to participate in medical research among a diverse population. Contemp Clin Trials 2012; 33:1197-205. [PMID: 22885788 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although it is federally-mandated that racial/ethnic minorities be included in research studies, recruiting diverse populations remains a challenge. This is particularly difficult when research involves children. The purpose of this study was to assess attitudes and beliefs toward medical research among a racially and socioeconomically diverse population of parents of school children. METHODS A cross-sectional parent-report survey was conducted in New York City public elementary schools using stratified random selection to obtain a diverse population. Fear of medical research and likelihood to participate in medical research were assessed using a validated questionnaire. Differences in fear/likelihood to participate in research across race/ethnicity and socioeconomic characteristics were evaluated. RESULTS In general, parents were afraid of their child "being treated as a guinea pig", but were willing to allow their child to participate in research if asked by their own doctor. Factors associated with a lower score on fear toward research were; primary language other than English (OR=0.59), access to an interpreter (OR=0.73) and access to medical service within a day (OR=0.51). Latinos had the highest fear score (OR=1.87) compared to Whites. Asians were the ethnic group most likely to participate in research (OR=1.71). Low education level (OR=2.18) and public health insurance (OR=1.37) were associated with a higher score for likelihood of allowing one's child to participate in medical research. CONCLUSION Minority parents reported more fear of allowing their children to participate in medical research, but were as likely to consent their children's participation, especially if asked by their own physician.
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19
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Misiewicz S, Winawer MR. Recruitment for genetic studies of epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2012; 101:122-8. [PMID: 22476038 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Virtually nothing has been published about recruitment of adults with sporadic temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) for genetic studies. We examined eligibility, recruitment, participation rates, and reasons for exclusion in a genetic study of TLE. Participants with non-acquired TLE with onset ≤35 were recruited through review of records and screening of incoming patients at Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC). Eligible patients were asked to participate in an interview about seizures and give a blood sample for DNA extraction. Medical records were sought for each participant. Of 2974 patients screened 252 (8.5%) were eligible, and 40 (15.9% of eligible) participated. Leading reasons for ineligibility included an antecedent cause of epilepsy, syndrome other than TLE, and seizure onset after age 35. Those declining participation cited concerns about confidentiality, lack of compensation, and fear of phlebotomy. Although TLE is common and patients were recruited from a major surgical epilepsy center, a small proportion of potential participants participated. Large numbers need to be screened to reach the target sample size. Obtaining permission from treating physicians to contact their patients directly can improve recruitment. Saliva DNA collection, monetary incentives and patient education can improve participation. This information can facilitate study design in epilepsy genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Misiewicz
- GH Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
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20
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Lakes KD, Vaughan E, Jones M, Burke W, Baker D, Swanson JM. Diverse perceptions of the informed consent process: implications for the recruitment and participation of diverse communities in the National Children's Study. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2012; 49:215-232. [PMID: 21671109 PMCID: PMC3575189 DOI: 10.1007/s10464-011-9450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We examined the experiences, perceptions, and values that are brought to bear when individuals from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds consider participating in health research. Fifty-three women from Latino, Asian American, Middle Eastern, or Non-Latino, White backgrounds participated in seven English or Spanish focus groups facilitated by trained investigators using a standard protocol. Investigators described the National Children's Study (NCS) and then asked questions to elicit potential concerns, expectations, and informational needs. Group sessions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using qualitative thematic methods. A major theme that emerged during focus groups was participant self-identification as a member of a cultural group or community when raising issues that would influence their decision to participate in research. A related theme was the belief by some that communities may differ in the ease of participation in the NCS. Identified themes related to the informed consent process included perceived risks, anticipated burden, perceived benefits, informational needs, and decision-making strategies. Although themes were shared across groups, there were cultural differences within themes. Findings indicated that individuals from diverse backgrounds may have different perspectives on and expectations for the research process. To effectively recruit representative samples, it will be important to address a range of issues relevant for informed consent and to consider the impact of participation on both individuals and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley D Lakes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, 101 Academy Way, Suite 150, Irvine, CA 92617, USA.
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21
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Ma Y, Kong X, Dai H, Wang L, Zhu L. Attitudes towards biosample donation in andrology patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 35:170-5. [PMID: 21831235 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2011.01208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Clinical left-over biosamples are an important source for medical research. Our aim is to ascertain the attitudes of andrology patients towards biosample donation. A survey of 866 andrology patients with diverse andrology conditions was conducted in Shanghai, China from May 2010 to December 2010. The response rate was 75.8%. Of the study patients, 61.4% (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.58-0.65) voiced the opinion that they were willing to donate the residual biosample; 32.0% refused to donate; and 6.6% stated that they were undecided. Unwillingness to give sample was independently associated with having a low level of education (p = 0.047, OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.39-0.995) and being infertile patients (p = 0.03, OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39-0.95), while willingness was significantly associated with being cancer patients (p = 0.04, OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.03-3.50), being aged 18-29 years (p < 0.01, OR = 5.88, 95% CI: 2.85-12.16) and being aged 30-44 years (p = 0.01, OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.20-3.90). Most andrology patients would want to authorize every future research by themselves (82.4%) and obtain their individual research results (75.7%). Less than half of the willing respondents would want to donate semen (44.1%) and testis (41.3%). The results suggested that andrology patients' willingness to donate samples was low, especially in case of infertile patients. More studies are required to elucidate further causes for the low willingness to donate sample among andrology patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ma
- Department of Biobank, Renji Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
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22
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Hartz SM, Johnson EO, Saccone NL, Hatsukami D, Breslau N, Bierut LJ. Inclusion of African Americans in genetic studies: what is the barrier? Am J Epidemiol 2011; 174:336-44. [PMID: 21633120 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwr084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To facilitate an increase in the amount of data on minority subjects collected for genetic databases, the authors attempted to clarify barriers to African-American participation in genetic studies. They randomly sampled 78,072 subjects from the community (Missouri Family Registry, 2002-2007). Of these, 28,658 participated in a telephone screening interview, 3,179 were eligible to participate in the genetic study, and 1,919 participated in the genetic study. Response rates were examined in relation to the proportion of subjects in the area who were African-American according to US Census 2000 zip code demographic data. Compared with zip codes with fewer than 5% African Americans (average = 2% African-American), zip codes with at least 60% African Americans (average = 87% African-American) had higher proportions of subjects with an incorrect address or telephone number but lower proportions of subjects who did not answer the telephone and subjects who refused the telephone interview (P < 0.0001). Based on reported race from the telephone screening, 71% of eligible African Americans and 57% of eligible European Americans participated in the genetic study (P < 0.0001). The results of this study suggest that increasing the number of African Americans in genetic databases may be achieved by increasing efforts to locate and contact them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Hartz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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23
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Nwulia EA, Hipolito MM, Aamir S, Lawson WB, Nurnberger JI. Ethnic disparities in the perception of ethical risks from psychiatric genetic studies. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2011; 156B:569-80. [PMID: 21595007 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To examine if ethnic differences in concerns about unfavorable consequences from psychiatric genetic studies, existing between non-Hispanic Black and White populations, persist among participants in an actual genetic study of bipolar disorder. Historically, minority subjects have been less willing to participate in such studies. Participants in the US Bipolar Genome Study (BIGS) were assessed on six items of concerns in the Questionnaire on Genetic Risk (QGR). Each item had five response categories, ranging from "not at all" concerned to "very concerned." Responses from Black (N = 188) and White participants (N = 1,065) formed the base for this analysis. Concerns about unfavorable consequences of conducting psychiatric genetic studies were prevalent in the whole sample. Concern for medical insurance was most prevalent (63.4%), followed by job concern (58.8%) and stigma (57.4%). Racial discrimination was less prevalent (28.1%). Blacks endorsed significantly stronger concerns for all consequences except the medical insurance item (P < 0.008). The most significant ethnic disparity in concerns was for racial discrimination (P < 0.0001). Associations between levels of concern and ethnicity remained significant after adjustments for other factors in multivariate models. Ethnic differences (Blacks vs. Whites) in perceived concerns about unfavorable consequences from participation persist among participants in an actual psychiatric genetic study. This suggests that other factors may play a more critical role in the decision not to participate. Future studies should investigate more comprehensive sources of barriers to consenting for ongoing psychiatric genetic studies in representative samples, incorporating assessments from non-participants as well as participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Nwulia
- Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
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Salinas J, McCormick JB, Rentfro A, Hanis C, Hossain MM, Fisher-Hoch SP. The missing men: high risk of disease in men of Mexican origin. Am J Mens Health 2011; 5:332-40. [PMID: 20930218 PMCID: PMC3092011 DOI: 10.1177/1557988310379390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study sought to determine gender- and age-specific prevalences of chronic diseases in an urban Mexican American border community. The Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (CCHC; n = 2,000) was selected using a multistaged cluster design. Sociodemographics, anthropometric measures, and blood samples were collected on each participant. More women were obese (55.1%) than men (44.8%). Men had significantly higher rates of diabetes (20.4% for men vs. 15.8% for women, p < .05) and undiagnosed diabetes (6.2% for men vs. 2.4% for women, p < .01); the prevalence of diabetes rose steeply between the ages of 40 and 49 years. Men were significantly more likely to have serum cholesterol levels of 200 mg/dL and elevated low-density lipoprotein levels (22.6% vs. 26.1%, p < .01). Mexican American males in the U.S./Mexico border region have a high prevalence of obesity in younger men and higher overall rates of diabetes, including undiagnosed diabetes, and significantly higher serum cholesterol levels than women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Salinas
- University of Texas, Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX 78520, USA.
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25
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Shields AE. Ethical concerns related to developing pharmacogenomic treatment strategies for addiction. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2011; 6:32-43. [PMID: 22003420 PMCID: PMC3188829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenomics (PGx) research is poised to enable physicians to identify optimally effective treatments for individual substance abusers based on their genetic profiles. This paper addresses ethical issues related to PGx treatment strategies for addiction, focusing especially on the use of race variables in genomics research and ensuring equitable access to novel PGx treatments. Unless the field addresses the ethical challenges posed by these issues, PGx treatment innovations for addiction threaten to exacerbate already dramatic disparities in the burden of drug dependence for minority and other underserved populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Shields
- Harvard/MGH Center for Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Mongan Institute for Health Policy Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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