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Li R, Xu Y, Wen X, Chen YH, Wang PZ, Zhao JL, Wu PP, Wu JJ, Liu H, Huang JH, Li SJ, Wu ZX. GCY-20 signaling controls suppression of Caenorhabditis elegans egg laying by moderate cold. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113708. [PMID: 38294902 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Organisms sensing environmental cues and internal states and integrating the sensory information to control fecundity are essential for survival and proliferation. The present study finds that a moderate cold temperature of 11°C reduces egg laying in Caenorhabditis elegans. ASEL and AWC neurons sense the cold via GCY-20 signaling and act antagonistically on egg laying through the ASEL and AWC/AIA/HSN circuits. Upon cold stimulation, ASEL and AWC release glutamate to activate and inhibit AIA interneurons by acting on highly and lowly sensitive ionotropic GLR-2 and GLC-3 receptors, respectively. AIA inhibits HSN motor neuron activity via acetylcholinergic ACR-14 receptor signaling and suppresses egg laying. Thus, ASEL and AWC initiate and reduce the cold suppression of egg laying. ASEL's action on AIA and egg laying dominates AWC's action. The biased opposite actions of these neurons on egg laying provide animals with a precise adaptation of reproductive behavior to environmental temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Wen
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping-Zhou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Piao-Ping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Hao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng-Xing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Uzun Yiğit A. Auto-dissemination of Cordyceps fumosorosea amongst adult females of the two-spotted spider mite. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2023; 91:279-290. [PMID: 37787901 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Tetranychus urticae is an important pest worldwide. The auto-dissemination of spores of entomopathogenic fungi from an infected individual to conspecifics may be important for controlling pests that can build high populations. The current study was carried out to determine the auto-dissemination of the entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps fumosorosea strain PFs-1 (Priority®) between T. urticae females. The study consisted of four experiments. First, the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungus bioassays was assessed in Petri dishes (experiment 1) and on potted bean plants (experiment 2). In the auto-dissemination trials (experiments 3 and 4, in Petri dishes and on potted plants, respectively), contaminated adult females (1-5) were released among uncontaminated females (10 individuals). All experiments were carried out separately, and observations were made on days 3, 5, and 7. In exp. 1, the control was different from Priority on all observation days. In exp. 2, the average number of surviving individuals in the control was significantly higher than in the Priority treatment. In the auto-dissemination experiments, as the number of contaminated individuals increased, the mortality rate of uncontaminated individuals also increased, in exp. 3 (Petri dishes) on all observation days, and in exp. 4 (potted plants) only on days 5 and 7. The median lethal time (LT50) decreased as the number of individuals contaminated with Priority increased in both Petri dish and pot trials. Consequently, the effectiveness of biological control may increase with the occurrence of indirect contamination from infected to uncontaminated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiye Uzun Yiğit
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, 32200, Turkey.
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3
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Boutry J, Tissot S, Mekaoui N, Dujon A, Meliani J, Hamede R, Ujvari B, Roche B, Nedelcu AM, Tokolyi J, Thomas F. Tumors alter life-history traits in the freshwater cnidarian, Hydra oligactis. iScience 2022; 25:105034. [PMID: 36147948 PMCID: PMC9485901 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although tumors can occur during the lifetime of most multicellular organisms and have the potential to influence health, how they alter life-history traits in tumor-bearing individuals remains poorly documented. This question was explored using the freshwater cnidarian Hydra oligactis, a species sometimes affected by vertically transmitted tumors. We found that tumorous polyps have a reduced survival compared to healthy ones. However, they also displayed higher asexual reproductive effort, by producing more often multiple buds than healthy ones. A similar acceleration is observed for the sexual reproduction (estimated through gamete production). Because tumoral cells are not transmitted through this reproductive mode, this finding suggests that hosts may adaptively respond to tumors, compensating the expected fitness losses by increasing their immediate reproductive effort. This study supports the hypothesis that tumorigenesis has the potential to influence the biology, ecology, and evolution of multicellular species, and thus should be considered more by evolutionary ecologists. Vertically transmitted tumors influence the life history traits of hydras Tumor-bearing hydras have a reduced survival rate Tumorous hydras show increased early reproductive effort (asexual and sexual) Changes in sexual reproduction pattern can be a compensatory response of the host
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Boutry
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Corresponding author
| | - Sophie Tissot
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Corresponding author
| | - Narimène Mekaoui
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine Dujon
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jordan Meliani
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Rodrigo Hamede
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Beata Ujvari
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin Roche
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Aurora M. Nedelcu
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jácint Tokolyi
- MTA-DE “Momentum” Ecology, Evolution and Developmental Biology Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Zoology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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4
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Zhang J, Wang F, Yuan B, Yang L, Yang Y, Fang Q, Kuhn JH, Song Q, Ye G. A novel cripavirus of an ectoparasitoid wasp increases pupal duration and fecundity of the wasp's Drosophila melanogaster host. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:3239-3257. [PMID: 34007060 PMCID: PMC8528920 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We identified a 9332-nucleotide-long novel picornaviral genome sequence in the transcriptome of an agriculturally important parasitoid wasp (Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani, 1875)). The genome of the novel virus, Rondani's wasp virus 1 (RoWV-1), contains two long open reading frames encoding a nonstructural and a structural protein, respectively, and is 3'-polyadenylated. Phylogenetic analyses firmly place RoWV-1 into the dicistrovirid genus Cripavirus. We detected RoWV-1 in various tissues and life stages of the parasitoid wasp, with the highest virus load measured in the larval digestive tract. We demonstrate that RoWV-1 is transmitted horizontally from infected to uninfected wasps but not vertically to wasp offspring. Comparison of several important biological parameters between the infected and uninfected wasps indicates that RoWV-1 does not have obvious detrimental effects on wasps. We further demonstrate that RoWV-1 also infects Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen, 1830), the hosts of the pupal ectoparasitoid wasps, and thereby increases its pupal developmental duration and fecundity, but decreases the eclosion rate. Together, these results suggest that RoWV-1 may have a potential benefit to the wasp by increasing not only the number of potential wasp hosts but also the developmental time of the hosts to ensure proper development of wasp offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Gongyin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Villa M, Buysse M, Berthomieu A, Rivero A. The transmission-blocking effects of antimalarial drugs revisited: fitness costs and sporontocidal effects of artesunate and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. Int J Parasitol 2021; 51:279-289. [PMID: 33508331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Assays used to evaluate the transmission-blocking activity of antimalarial drugs are largely focused on their potential to inhibit or reduce the infectivity of gametocytes, the blood stages of the parasite that are responsible for the onward transmission to the mosquito vector. For this purpose, the drug is administered concomitantly with gametocyte-infected blood, and the results are evaluated as the percentage of reduction in the number of oocysts in the mosquito midgut. We report the results of a series of experiments that explore the transmission-blocking potential of two key antimalarial drugs, artesunate and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, when administered to mosquitoes already infected from a previous blood meal. For this purpose, uninfected mosquitoes and mosquitoes carrying a 6 day old Plasmodium relictum infection (early oocyst stages) were allowed to feed either on a drug-treated or an untreated host in a fully factorial experiment. This protocol allowed us to bypass the gametocyte stages and establish whether the drugs have a sporontocidal effect, i.e. whether they are able to arrest the ongoing development of oocysts and sporozoites, as would be the case when a mosquito takes a post-infection treated blood meal. In a separate experiment, we also explored whether a drug-treated blood meal impacted key life history traits of the mosquito relevant for transmission, and if this depended on their infection status. Our results showed that feeding on an artesunate- or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine-treated hosts has no epidemiologically relevant effects on the fitness of infected or uninfected mosquitoes. In contrast, when infected mosquitoes fed on an sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine-treated host, we observed both a significant increase in the number of oocysts in the midgut, and a drastic decrease in both sporozoite prevalence (-30%) and burden (-80%) compared with the untreated controls. We discuss the potential mechanisms underlying these seemingly contradictory results and contend that, provided the results are translatable to human malaria, the potential epidemiological and evolutionary consequences of the current preventive use of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in malaria-endemic countries could be substantial.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Villa
- MIVEGEC (CNRS - IRD - Université de Montpellier), France.
| | - M Buysse
- MIVEGEC (CNRS - IRD - Université de Montpellier), France
| | - A Berthomieu
- MIVEGEC (CNRS - IRD - Université de Montpellier), France; CREES (Centre d'Écologie et Évolution de la Santé, Montpellier), 911 avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - A Rivero
- MIVEGEC (CNRS - IRD - Université de Montpellier), France; CREES (Centre d'Écologie et Évolution de la Santé, Montpellier), 911 avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France
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6
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Arnal A, Roche B, Gouagna LC, Dujon A, Ujvari B, Corbel V, Remoue F, Poinsignon A, Pompon J, Giraudeau M, Simard F, Missé D, Lefèvre T, Thomas F. Cancer and mosquitoes - An unsuspected close connection. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140631. [PMID: 32758822 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health issue and represents a significant burden in countries with different levels of economic wealth. In parallel, mosquito-borne infectious diseases represent a growing problem causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Acknowledging that these two concerns are both globally distributed, it is essential to investigate whether they have a reciprocal connection that can fuel their respective burdens. Unfortunately, very few studies have examined the link between these two threats. This review provides an overview of the possible links between mosquitoes, mosquito-borne infectious diseases and cancer. We first focus on the impact of mosquitoes on carcinogenesis in humans including the transmission of oncogenic pathogens through mosquitoes, the immune reactions following mosquito bites, the presence of non-oncogenic mosquito-borne pathogens, and the direct transmission of cancer cells. The second part of this review deals with the direct or indirect consequences of cancer in humans on mosquito behaviour. Thirdly, we discuss the potential impacts that natural cancers in mosquitoes can have on their life history traits and therefore on their vector capacity. Finally, we discuss the most promising research avenues on this topic and the integrative public health strategies that could be envisioned in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Arnal
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France.
| | - Benjamin Roche
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Research on Cancer (CREEC), Montpellier, France; IRD, Sorbonne Université, UMMISCO, F-93143 Bondy, France; Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico; Centre de Recherche en Écologie et Évolution de la Santé (CREES), Montpellier, France
| | | | - Antoine Dujon
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Research on Cancer (CREEC), Montpellier, France; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Beata Ujvari
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Vincent Corbel
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Remoue
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Julien Pompon
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Giraudeau
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Research on Cancer (CREEC), Montpellier, France; Centre de Recherche en Écologie et Évolution de la Santé (CREES), Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Simard
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Centre de Recherche en Écologie et Évolution de la Santé (CREES), Montpellier, France
| | - Dorothée Missé
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Research on Cancer (CREEC), Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Lefèvre
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Centre de Recherche en Écologie et Évolution de la Santé (CREES), Montpellier, France; Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Research on Cancer (CREEC), Montpellier, France; Centre de Recherche en Écologie et Évolution de la Santé (CREES), Montpellier, France
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7
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Signal Decoding for Glutamate Modulating Egg Laying Oppositely in Caenorhabditis elegans under Varied Environmental Conditions. iScience 2020; 23:101588. [PMID: 33089099 PMCID: PMC7567941 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals' ability to sense environmental cues and to integrate this information to control fecundity is vital for continuing the species lineage. In this study, we observed that the sensory neurons Amphid neuron (ASHs and ADLs) differentially regulate egg-laying behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans under varied environmental conditions via distinct neuronal circuits. Under standard culture conditions, ASHs tonically release a small amount of glutamate and inhibit Hermaphrodite specific motor neuron (HSN) activities and egg laying via a highly sensitive Glutamate receptor (GLR)-5 receptor. In contrast, under Cu2+ stimulation, ASHs and ADLs may release a large amount of glutamate and inhibit Amphid interneuron (AIA) interneurons via low-sensitivity Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GLC)-3 receptor, thus removing the inhibitory roles of AIAs on HSN activity and egg laying. However, directly measuring the amount of glutamate released by sensory neurons under different conditions and assaying the binding kinetics of receptors with the neurotransmitter are still required to support this study directly. Short-term exposure of CuSO4 evokes hyperactive egg laying ASHs inhibit HSNs and egg laying via GLR-5 receptor under no Cu2+ treatment AIA interneurons suppress HSNs and thus egg laying through ACR-14 signaling Under noxious Cu2+ treatment, ASHs and ADLs suppress AIAs and augment egg laying
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8
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Zélé F, Altıntaş M, Santos I, Cakmak I, Magalhães S. Inter- and intraspecific variation of spider mite susceptibility to fungal infections: Implications for the long-term success of biological control. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:3209-3221. [PMID: 32273982 PMCID: PMC7141011 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Spider mites are severe pests of several annual and perennial crops worldwide, often causing important economic damages. As rapid evolution of pesticide resistance in this group hampers the efficiency of chemical control, alternative control strategies, such as the use of entomopathogenic fungi, are being developed. However, while several studies have focused on the evaluation of the control potential of different fungal species and/or isolates as well as their compatibility with other control methods (e.g., predators or chemical pesticides), knowledge on the extent of inter- and intraspecific variation in spider mite susceptibility to fungal infection is as yet incipient. Here, we measured the mortality induced by two generalist fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum, in 12 spider mite populations belonging to different Tetranychus species: T. evansi, T. ludeni, and T. urticae (green and red form), within a full factorial experiment. We found that spider mite species differed in their susceptibility to infection by both fungal species. Moreover, we also found important intraspecific variation for this trait. These results draw caution on the development of single strains as biocontrol agents. Indeed, the high level of intraspecific variation suggests that (a) the one-size-fits-all strategy may fail to control spider mite populations and (b) hosts resistance to infection may evolve at a rapid pace. Finally, we propose future directions to better understand this system and improve the long-term success of spider mite control strategies based on entomopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Zélé
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c)Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Mustafa Altıntaş
- Department of Plant ProtectionFaculty of AgricultureAdnan Menderes UniversityAydinTurkey
| | - Inês Santos
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c)Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Ibrahim Cakmak
- Department of Plant ProtectionFaculty of AgricultureAdnan Menderes UniversityAydinTurkey
| | - Sara Magalhães
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c)Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
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9
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Kiss J, Rádai Z, Rosa ME, Kosztolányi A, Barta Z. Seasonal changes in immune response and reproductive investment in a biparental beetle. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 121:104000. [PMID: 31863762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.104000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Immunity and reproduction are physiologically demanding processes, therefore trade-offs are expected between these life history traits. Furthermore, investments in these traits are also known to be affected by factors such as sex, body size, individual condition, seasonal changes and parasite infection. The relationship between immunity and reproduction and the effect of other factors on this relationship were investigated in many species, but there are a small number of studies on these patterns in biparental invertebrates. Lethrus apterus is an iteroparous biparental beetle with predominant female care in respect of collecting and processing food for larvae. Males guard the nest built underground and also their mate. Here we investigate how sex, body size, time within the reproductive season and parasite load may influence the relationship between immunocompetence and reproductive investment in this species. In beetles from a natural population we quantified immune response by measuring the encapsulation response, antimicrobial activity of hemolymph, the investment into reproductive tissues by measuring the size of testis follicles in males and total egg size in females, and parasite load by counting the number of mites on the beetles. We found that the encapsulation response is condition-dependent, as large individuals showed significantly higher encapsulation ability than small ones. Antimicrobial capacity was significantly higher in females than in males. In case of antimicrobial activity there was also a seasonal change in the relationship between immunity and reproductive investment, but only under heavy mite load. Reproductive investment was influenced by the interaction between body size and season (in females) and by body size and season (in males). Furthermore in females the interaction between antimicrobial activity and season indicated that reproductive investment increased with antimicrobial activity early in the reproductive season. By investigating the relationship between immunity and reproductive investment in a natural population of a biparental beetle species, we can conclude that investments into these important life history traits are governed by complex interactions between physiological and environmental factors. Our results are discussed in the context of life history evolution, highlighting the role of the assessed factors in shaping trade-offs themselves (in invertebrates).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kiss
- MTA-DE Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Zoology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Rádai
- MTA-DE Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Zoology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Márta Erzsébet Rosa
- Department of Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary; Doctoral School of Biological Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - András Kosztolányi
- Department of Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Barta
- MTA-DE Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Zoology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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10
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Abstract
AbstractAlthough there is a plethora of cancer associated-factors that can ultimately culminate in death (cachexia, organ impairment, metastases, opportunistic infections, etc.), the focal element of every terminal malignancy is the failure of our natural defences to control unlimited cell proliferation. The reasons why our defences apparently lack efficiency is a complex question, potentially indicating that, under Darwinian terms, solutions other than preventing cancer progression are also important contributors. In analogy with host-parasite systems, we propose to call this latter option ‘tolerance’ to cancer. Here, we argue that the ubiquity of oncogenic processes among metazoans is at least partially attributable to both the limitations of resistance mechanisms and to the evolution of tolerance to cancer. Deciphering the ecological contexts of alternative responses to the cancer burden is not a semantic question, but rather a focal point in understanding the evolutionary ecology of host-tumour relationships, the evolution of our defences, as well as why and when certain cancers are likely to be detrimental for survival.
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11
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O’Donnell AJ, Rund SSC, Reece SE. Time-of-day of blood-feeding: effects on mosquito life history and malaria transmission. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:301. [PMID: 31262362 PMCID: PMC6604169 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological rhythms allow organisms to compartmentalise and coordinate behaviours, physiologies, and cellular processes with the predictable daily rhythms of their environment. There is increasing recognition that the biological rhythms of mosquitoes that vector parasites are important for global health. For example, whether perturbations in blood foraging rhythms as a consequence of vector control measures can undermine disease control. To address this, we explore the impacts of altered timing of blood-feeding on mosquito life history traits and malaria transmission. METHODS We present three experiments in which Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes were fed in the morning or evening on blood that had different qualities, including: (i) chemical-induced or (ii) Plasmodium chabaudi infection-induced anaemia; (iii) Plasmodium berghei infection but no anaemia; or (iv) stemming from hosts at different times of day. We then compared whether time-of-day variation in blood meal characteristics influences mosquito fitness proxies relating to survival and reproduction, and malaria transmission proxies. RESULTS Mosquito lifespan is not influenced by the time-of-day they received a blood meal, but several reproductive metrics are affected, depending on other blood characteristics. Overall, our data suggest that receiving a blood meal in the morning makes mosquitoes more likely to lay eggs, lay slightly sooner and have a larger clutch size. In keeping with previous work, P. berghei infection reduces mosquito lifespan and the likelihood of laying eggs, but time-of-day of blood-feeding does not impact upon these metrics nor on transmission of this parasite. CONCLUSION The time-of-day of blood-feeding does not appear to have major consequences for mosquito fitness or transmission of asynchronous malaria species. If our results from a laboratory colony of mosquitoes living in benign conditions hold for wild mosquitoes, it suggests that mosquitoes have sufficient flexibility in their physiology to cope with changes in biting time induced by evading insecticide-treated bed nets. Future work should consider the impact of multiple feeding cycles and the abiotic stresses imposed by the need to forage for blood during times of day when hosts are not protected by bed nets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan J. O’Donnell
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, and Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Samuel S. C. Rund
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Sarah E. Reece
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, and Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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12
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Lovett B, Bilgo E, Millogo SA, Ouattarra AK, Sare I, Gnambani EJ, Dabire RK, Diabate A, St. Leger RJ. Transgenic Metarhizium rapidly kills mosquitoes in a malaria-endemic region of Burkina Faso. Science 2019; 364:894-897. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw8737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Malaria control efforts require implementation of new technologies that manage insecticide resistance. Metarhizium pingshaense provides an effective, mosquito-specific delivery system for potent insect-selective toxins. A semifield trial in a MosquitoSphere (a contained, near-natural environment) in Soumousso, a region of Burkina Faso where malaria is endemic, confirmed that the expression of an insect-specific toxin (Hybrid) increased fungal lethality and the likelihood that insecticide-resistant mosquitoes would be eliminated from a site. Also, as Hybrid-expressing M. pingshaense is effective at very low spore doses, its efficacy lasted longer than that of the unmodified Metarhizium. Deployment of transgenic Metarhizium against mosquitoes could (subject to appropriate registration) be rapid, with products that could synergistically integrate with existing chemical control strategies to avert insecticide resistance.
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13
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Spider mites escape bacterial infection by avoiding contaminated food. Oecologia 2018; 189:111-122. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Costa G, Gildenhard M, Eldering M, Lindquist RL, Hauser AE, Sauerwein R, Goosmann C, Brinkmann V, Carrillo-Bustamante P, Levashina EA. Non-competitive resource exploitation within mosquito shapes within-host malaria infectivity and virulence. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3474. [PMID: 30150763 PMCID: PMC6110728 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05893-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a fatal human parasitic disease transmitted by a mosquito vector. Although the evolution of within-host malaria virulence has been the focus of many theoretical and empirical studies, the vector’s contribution to this process is not well understood. Here, we explore how within-vector resource exploitation would impact the evolution of within-host Plasmodium virulence. By combining within-vector dynamics and malaria epidemiology, we develop a mathematical model, which predicts that non-competitive parasitic resource exploitation within-vector restricts within-host parasite virulence. To validate our model, we experimentally manipulate mosquito lipid trafficking and gauge within-vector parasite development and within-host infectivity and virulence. We find that mosquito-derived lipids determine within-host parasite virulence by shaping development (quantity) and metabolic activity (quality) of transmissible sporozoites. Our findings uncover the potential impact of within-vector environment and vector control strategies on the evolution of malaria virulence. The evolution of within-host malaria virulence has been studied, but the vector’s contribution isn’t well understood. Here, Costa et al. show that non-competitive parasitic resource exploitation within-vector, in particular lipid trafficking, restricts within-host infectivity and virulence of the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Costa
- Vector Biology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology (MPIIB), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Gildenhard
- Vector Biology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology (MPIIB), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Eldering
- Vector Biology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology (MPIIB), 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R L Lindquist
- Immunodynamics, German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - A E Hauser
- Immunodynamics, German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ), 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Immune Dynamics and Intravital Microscopy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Sauerwein
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C Goosmann
- Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology (MPIIB), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - V Brinkmann
- Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology (MPIIB), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Carrillo-Bustamante
- Vector Biology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology (MPIIB), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - E A Levashina
- Vector Biology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology (MPIIB), 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Valkiūnas G, Ilgūnas M, Bukauskaitė D, Fragner K, Weissenböck H, Atkinson CT, Iezhova TA. Characterization of Plasmodium relictum, a cosmopolitan agent of avian malaria. Malar J 2018; 17:184. [PMID: 29720195 PMCID: PMC5930738 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microscopic research has shown that Plasmodium relictum is the most common agent of avian malaria. Recent molecular studies confirmed this conclusion and identified several mtDNA lineages, suggesting the existence of significant intra-species genetic variation or cryptic speciation. Most identified lineages have a broad range of hosts and geographical distribution. Here, a rare new lineage of P. relictum was reported and information about biological characters of different lineages of this pathogen was reviewed, suggesting issues for future research. Methods The new lineage pPHCOL01 was detected in Common chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita, and the parasite was passaged in domestic canaries Serinus canaria. Organs of infected birds were examined using histology and chromogenic in situ hybridization methods. Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes, Zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata, Budgerigar Melopsittacus undulatus and European goldfinch Carduelis carduelis were exposed experimentally. Both Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood analyses identified the same phylogenetic relationships among different, closely-related lineages pSGS1, pGRW4, pGRW11, pLZFUS01, pPHCOL01 of P. relictum. Morphology of their blood stages was compared using fixed and stained blood smears, and biological properties of these parasites were reviewed. Results Common canary and European goldfinch were susceptible to the parasite pPHCOL01, and had markedly variable individual prepatent periods and light transient parasitaemia. Exo-erythrocytic and sporogonic stages were not seen. The Zebra finch and Budgerigar were resistant. Neither blood stages nor vector stages of all examined P. relictum lineages can be distinguished morphologically. Conclusion Within the huge spectrum of vertebrate hosts, mosquito vectors, and ecological conditions, different lineages of P. relictum exhibit indistinguishable, markedly variable morphological forms. Parasites of same lineages often develop differently in different bird species. Even more, the variation of biological properties (parasitaemia dynamics, blood pathology, prepatent period) in different isolates of the same lineage might be greater than the variation in different lineages during development in the same species of birds, indicating negligible taxonomic value of such features. Available lineage information is excellent for parasite diagnostics, but is limited in predictions about relationships in certain host-parasite associations. A combination of experiments, field observations, microscopic and molecular diagnostics is essential for understanding the role of different P. relictum lineages in bird health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-018-2325-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikas Ilgūnas
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Karin Fragner
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Weissenböck
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carter T Atkinson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawaii National Park, HI, 96718, USA
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16
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Russell T, Madsen T, Thomas F, Raven N, Hamede R, Ujvari B. Oncogenesis as a Selective Force: Adaptive Evolution in the Face of a Transmissible Cancer. Bioessays 2018; 40. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Russell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - Thomas Madsen
- Centre for Integrative Ecology School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin UniversityWaurn PondsVictoria3218Australia
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC/MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 6450134394 Montpellier Cedex 5France
| | - Nynke Raven
- Centre for Integrative Ecology School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin UniversityWaurn PondsVictoria3218Australia
| | - Rodrigo Hamede
- Centre for Integrative Ecology School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin UniversityWaurn PondsVictoria3218Australia
- School of Natural Sciences University of TasmaniaPrivate Bag 55HobartTasmania7001Australia
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin UniversityWaurn PondsVictoria3218Australia
- School of Natural Sciences University of TasmaniaPrivate Bag 55HobartTasmania7001Australia
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17
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Long-term pathogenic response to Plasmodium relictum infection in Culex pipiens mosquito. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192315. [PMID: 29401525 PMCID: PMC5798818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmission of Plasmodium within a vertebrate host population is strongly associated with the life history traits of its vector. Therefore the effect of malaria infection on mosquito fecundity and longevity has traditionally received a lot of attention. Several species of malaria parasites reduce mosquito fecundity, nevertheless almost all of the studies have focused only on the first gonotrophic cycle. Yet, during their lifetime, female mosquitoes go through several gonotrophic cycles, which raises the question of whether they are able to compensate the fecundity costs induced by the parasite. The impact of Plasmodium infection on female longevity is not so clear and has produced conflicting results. Here we measured the impact of Plasmodium relictum on its vector’s longevity and fecundity during three consecutive gonotrophic cycles. In accordance with previous studies, we observed a negative impact of Plasmodium infection on mosquito (Culex pipiens) fecundity in the first gonotrophic cycle. Interestingly, despite having taken two subsequent uninfected blood meals, the negative impact of malaria parasite persisted. Nevertheless no impact of infection on mosquito longevity was observed. Our results are not in line with the hypothesis that the reduction of fecundity observed in infected mosquitoes is an adaptive strategy of Plasmodium to increase the longevity of its vector. We discuss the different underlying mechanisms that may explain our results.
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18
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Gervasi SS, Burkett-Cadena N, Burgan SC, Schrey AW, Hassan HK, Unnasch TR, Martin LB. Host stress hormones alter vector feeding preferences, success, and productivity. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.1278. [PMID: 27512147 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress hormones might represent a key link between individual-level infection outcome, population-level parasite transmission, and zoonotic disease risk. Although the effects of stress on immunity are well known, stress hormones could also affect host-vector interactions via modification of host behaviours or vector-feeding patterns and subsequent reproductive success. Here, we experimentally manipulated songbird stress hormones and examined subsequent feeding preferences, feeding success, and productivity of mosquito vectors in addition to defensive behaviours of hosts. Despite being more defensive, birds with elevated stress hormone concentrations were approximately twice as likely to be fed on by mosquitoes compared to control birds. Moreover, stress hormones altered the relationship between the timing of laying and clutch size in blood-fed mosquitoes. Our results suggest that host stress could affect the transmission dynamics of vector-borne parasites via multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S Gervasi
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Nathan Burkett-Cadena
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA
| | - Sarah C Burgan
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Aaron W Schrey
- Biology Department, Armstrong State University, Savannah, GA 31419, USA
| | - Hassan K Hassan
- Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Thomas R Unnasch
- Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Lynn B Martin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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19
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Gupta V, Stewart CO, Rund SSC, Monteith K, Vale PF. Costs and benefits of sublethal Drosophila C virus infection. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:1325-1335. [PMID: 28425174 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are major evolutionary drivers of insect immune systems. Much of our knowledge of insect immune responses derives from experimental infections using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Most experiments, however, employ lethal pathogen doses through septic injury, frequently overwhelming host physiology. While this approach has revealed several immune mechanisms, it is less informative about the fitness costs hosts may experience during infection in the wild. Using both systemic and oral infection routes, we find that even apparently benign, sublethal infections with the horizontally transmitted Drosophila C virus (DCV) can cause significant physiological and behavioural morbidity that is relevant for host fitness. We describe DCV-induced effects on fly reproductive output, digestive health and locomotor activity, and we find that viral morbidity varies according to the concentration of pathogen inoculum, host genetic background and sex. Notably, sublethal DCV infection resulted in a significant increase in fly reproduction, but this effect depended on host genotype. We discuss the relevance of sublethal morbidity for Drosophila ecology and evolution, and more broadly, we remark on the implications of deleterious and beneficial infections for the evolution of insect immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gupta
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - C O Stewart
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - S S C Rund
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - K Monteith
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - P F Vale
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.,Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
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20
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Million KM, Tarver CL, Hipe S, Stallsmith BW. Does Infection by the Monogenoidean Gill Parasite Aethycteron mooreiAffect Reproductive Ecology of the Darter Etheostoma flabellarein Mill Creek, Tennessee? COPEIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1643/ce-16-403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Arnal A, Jacqueline C, Ujvari B, Leger L, Moreno C, Faugere D, Tasiemski A, Boidin‐Wichlacz C, Misse D, Renaud F, Montagne J, Casali A, Roche B, Mery F, Thomas F. Cancer brings forward oviposition in the fly Drosophila melanogaster. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:272-276. [PMID: 28070290 PMCID: PMC5214257 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hosts often accelerate their reproductive effort in response to a parasitic infection, especially when their chances of future reproduction decrease with time from the onset of the infection. Because malignancies usually reduce survival, and hence potentially the fitness, it is expected that hosts with early cancer could have evolved to adjust their life-history traits to maximize their immediate reproductive effort. Despite the potential importance of these plastic responses, little attention has been devoted to explore how cancers influence animal reproduction. Here, we use an experimental setup, a colony of genetically modified flies Drosophila melanogaster which develop colorectal cancer in the anterior gut, to show the role of cancer in altering life-history traits. Specifically, we tested whether females adapt their reproductive strategy in response to harboring cancer. We found that flies with cancer reached the peak period of oviposition significantly earlier (i.e., 2 days) than healthy ones, while no difference in the length and extent of the fecundity peak was observed between the two groups of flies. Such compensatory responses to overcome the fitness-limiting effect of cancer could explain the persistence of inherited cancer-causing mutant alleles in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Arnal
- CREECMIVEGECUMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 6450134394Montpellier Cedex 5France
| | - Camille Jacqueline
- CREECMIVEGECUMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 6450134394Montpellier Cedex 5France
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative EcologySchool of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityWaurn PondsVic.Australia
| | - Lucas Leger
- CREECMIVEGECUMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 6450134394Montpellier Cedex 5France
| | - Céline Moreno
- Laboratoire Évolution, Génomes, et SpéciationUnité Propre de Recherche 9034Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France; Université Paris‐Sud 1191405OrsayFrance
| | - Dominique Faugere
- CREECMIVEGECUMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 6450134394Montpellier Cedex 5France
| | | | | | - Dorothée Misse
- CREECMIVEGECUMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 6450134394Montpellier Cedex 5France
| | - François Renaud
- CREECMIVEGECUMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 6450134394Montpellier Cedex 5France
| | - Jacques Montagne
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)CNRSUniversité Paris‐SudCEA, UMR919891190Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Andreu Casali
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Benjamin Roche
- CREECMIVEGECUMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 6450134394Montpellier Cedex 5France
- International Center for Mathematical and Computational Modelling of Complex Systems (UMI IRD/UPMC UMMISCO)32 Avenue Henri Varagnat93143Bondy CedexFrance
| | - Frédéric Mery
- Laboratoire Évolution, Génomes, et SpéciationUnité Propre de Recherche 9034Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France; Université Paris‐Sud 1191405OrsayFrance
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREECMIVEGECUMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 6450134394Montpellier Cedex 5France
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22
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Ohm JR, Teeple J, Nelson WA, Thomas MB, Read AF, Cator LJ. Fitness consequences of altered feeding behavior in immune-challenged mosquitoes. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:113. [PMID: 26927687 PMCID: PMC4772315 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1392-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria-infected mosquitoes have been reported to be more likely to take a blood meal when parasites are infectious than when non-infectious. This change in feeding behavior increases the likelihood of malaria transmission, and has been considered an example of parasite manipulation of host behavior. However, immune challenge with heat-killed Escherichia coli induces the same behavior, suggesting that altered feeding behavior may be driven by adaptive responses of hosts to cope with an immune response, rather than by parasite-specific factors. Here we tested the alternative hypothesis that down-regulated feeding behavior prior to infectiousness is a mosquito adaptation that increases fitness during infection. METHODS We measured the impact of immune challenge and blood feeding on the fitness of individual mosquitoes. After an initial blood meal, Anopheles stephensi Liston mosquitoes were experimentally challenged with heat-killed E. coli at a dose known to mimic the same temporal changes in mosquito feeding behavior as active malaria infection. We then tracked daily egg production and survivorship of females maintained on blood-feeding regimes that either mimicked down-regulated feeding behaviors observed during early malaria infection, or were fed on a four-day feeding cycle typically associated with uninfected mosquitoes. RESULTS Restricting access to blood meals enhanced mosquito survival but lowered lifetime reproduction. Immune-challenge did not impact either fitness component. Combining fecundity and survival to estimate the population-scale intrinsic rate of increase (r), we found that, contrary to the mosquito adaptation hypothesis, mosquito fitness decreased if blood feeding was delayed following an immune challenge. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide no support for the idea that malaria-induced suppression of blood feeding is an adaptation by mosquitoes to reduce the impact of immune challenge. Alternatively, the behavioral alterations may be neither host nor parasite adaptations, but rather a consequence of constraints imposed on feeding by activation of the mosquito immune response, i.e. non-adaptive illness-induced anorexia. Future work incorporating field conditions and different immune challenges could further clarify the effect of altered feeding on mosquito and parasite fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna R Ohm
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Departments of Biology and Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Janet Teeple
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - William A Nelson
- Department of Biology, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Matthew B Thomas
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Andrew F Read
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Departments of Biology and Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Lauren J Cator
- Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and Environment, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, Silwood Park Campus, London, UK.
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23
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Abstract
Despite important differences between infectious diseases and cancers, tumour development (neoplasia) can nonetheless be closely compared to infectious disease because of the similarity of their effects on the body. On this basis, we predict that many of the life-history (LH) responses observed in the context of host-parasite interactions should also be relevant in the context of cancer. Parasites are thought to affect LH traits of their hosts because of strong selective pressures like direct and indirect mortality effects favouring, for example, early maturation and reproduction. Cancer can similarly also affect LH traits by imposing direct costs and/or indirectly by triggering plastic adjustments and evolutionary responses. Here, we discuss how and why a LH focus is a potentially productive but under-exploited research direction for cancer research, by focusing our attention on similarities between infectious disease and cancer with respect to their effects on LH traits and their evolution. We raise the possibility that LH adjustments can occur in response to cancer via maternal/paternal effects and that these changes can be heritable to (adaptively) modify the LH traits of their offspring. We conclude that LH adjustments can potentially influence the transgenerational persistence of inherited oncogenic mutations in populations.
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24
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Hill SE, Boehm GW, Prokosch ML. Vulnerability to Disease as a Predictor of Faster Life History Strategies. ADAPTIVE HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40750-015-0040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Pigeault R, Vézilier J, Nicot A, Gandon S, Rivero A. Transgenerational effect of infection in Plasmodium-infected mosquitoes. Biol Lett 2015; 11:rsbl.2014.1025. [PMID: 25762571 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2014.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenerational effects of infection have a huge potential to influence the prevalence and intensity of infections in vectors and, by extension, disease epidemiology. These transgenerational effects may increase the fitness of offspring through the transfer of protective immune factors. Alternatively, however, infected mothers may transfer the costs of infection to their offspring. Although transgenerational immune protection has been described in a dozen invertebrate species, we still lack a complete picture of the incidence and importance of transgenerational effects of infection in most invertebrate groups. The existence of transgenerational infection effects in mosquito vectors is of particular interest because of their potential for influencing parasite prevalence and intensity and, by extension, disease transmission. Here we present what we believe to be the first study on transgenerational infection effects in a mosquito vector infected with malaria parasites. The aim of this experiment was to quantify both the benefits and the costs of having an infected mother. We find no evidence of transgenerational protection in response to a Plasmodium infection. Having an infected mother does, however, entail considerable fecundity costs for the offspring: fecundity loss is three times higher in infected offspring issued from infected mothers than in infected offspring issued from uninfected mothers. We discuss the implications of our results and we call for more studies looking at transgenerational effects of infection in disease vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pigeault
- MIVEGEC, UMR CNRS 5290, Montpellier, France
| | - J Vézilier
- MIVEGEC, UMR CNRS 5290, Montpellier, France CEFE, UMR CNRS 5175, Montpellier, France
| | - A Nicot
- MIVEGEC, UMR CNRS 5290, Montpellier, France CEFE, UMR CNRS 5175, Montpellier, France
| | - S Gandon
- CEFE, UMR CNRS 5175, Montpellier, France
| | - A Rivero
- MIVEGEC, UMR CNRS 5290, Montpellier, France
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Simões ML, Dimopoulos G. A mosquito mediator of parasite-induced immune priming. Trends Parasitol 2015; 31:402-4. [PMID: 26254960 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Immune memory is a central feature of the mammalian adaptive immune system. The more primitive innate immune system of insects has also been shown to comprise memory, or immune priming. A recent study has shed new light on how Plasmodium primes the mosquito immune system for greater resistance to a subsequent infection with the same pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Simões
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - George Dimopoulos
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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