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Fang X, Dong D, Yang M, Li X. Phylogenetics and Population Genetics of the Petrolisthes lamarckii-P. haswelli Complex in China: Old Lineage and New Species. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15843. [PMID: 37958829 PMCID: PMC10648172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Petrolisthes lamarckii (Leach, 1821) and P. haswelli Miers, 1884 are a pair of sister species of porcelain crabs, both of which are common in the intertidal zone of southern China, typically found under rocks and in the crevices of coral reefs. However, the distribution, genetic relationship and diversity of the two species in China have not been rigorously studied. Meanwhile, P. lamarckii is considered as a complex of cryptic species due to their diverse morphological features. In this study, we identified 127 specimens of the P. lamarckii-P. haswelli complex (LH complex) and recognised a new species through morphological and molecular analysis. Furthermore, we constructed a time-calibrated phylogeny of the LH complex using three mitochondrial and two nuclear genes from all three species, finding that the divergence of the LH complex can be traced back to the Miocene epoch, and that the genetic diversity increased during the Mid-Pleistocene transition period. Glacial refugia formed during the Pleistocene climatic oscillations has been regarded as one of the contributing factors to the diversification of marine organisms in the north-western Pacific. Petrolisthes haswelli demonstrates a wide distribution along the southern coast of China, while other lineages display more restricted distributions. The research on the demographic history and gene flow of P. haswelli revealed that the Chinese coastal populations experienced an expansion event approximately 12.5 thousand years ago (Kya) and the asymmetrical gene flows were observed between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait and Qiongzhou Strait, respectively, which is likely influenced by the restriction of ocean currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Fang
- Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy & Phylogeny, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.F.); (M.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Dong
- Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy & Phylogeny, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.F.); (M.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy & Phylogeny, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.F.); (M.Y.)
| | - Xinzheng Li
- Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy & Phylogeny, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.F.); (M.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
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2
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McFadden IR, Sendek A, Brosse M, Bach PM, Baity-Jesi M, Bolliger J, Bollmann K, Brockerhoff EG, Donati G, Gebert F, Ghosh S, Ho HC, Khaliq I, Lever JJ, Logar I, Moor H, Odermatt D, Pellissier L, de Queiroz LJ, Rixen C, Schuwirth N, Shipley JR, Twining CW, Vitasse Y, Vorburger C, Wong MKL, Zimmermann NE, Seehausen O, Gossner MM, Matthews B, Graham CH, Altermatt F, Narwani A. Linking human impacts to community processes in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:203-218. [PMID: 36560926 PMCID: PMC10107666 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human impacts such as habitat loss, climate change and biological invasions are radically altering biodiversity, with greater effects projected into the future. Evidence suggests human impacts may differ substantially between terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, but the reasons for these differences are poorly understood. We propose an integrative approach to explain these differences by linking impacts to four fundamental processes that structure communities: dispersal, speciation, species-level selection and ecological drift. Our goal is to provide process-based insights into why human impacts, and responses to impacts, may differ across ecosystem types using a mechanistic, eco-evolutionary comparative framework. To enable these insights, we review and synthesise (i) how the four processes influence diversity and dynamics in terrestrial versus freshwater communities, specifically whether the relative importance of each process differs among ecosystems, and (ii) the pathways by which human impacts can produce divergent responses across ecosystems, due to differences in the strength of processes among ecosystems we identify. Finally, we highlight research gaps and next steps, and discuss how this approach can provide new insights for conservation. By focusing on the processes that shape diversity in communities, we aim to mechanistically link human impacts to ongoing and future changes in ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R McFadden
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Agnieszka Sendek
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Morgane Brosse
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Peter M Bach
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marco Baity-Jesi
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Janine Bolliger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Kurt Bollmann
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Eckehard G Brockerhoff
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Giulia Donati
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Friederike Gebert
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Shyamolina Ghosh
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Hsi-Cheng Ho
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Imran Khaliq
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - J Jelle Lever
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ivana Logar
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Helen Moor
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Odermatt
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luiz Jardim de Queiroz
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Institute of Ecology & Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Rixen
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Nele Schuwirth
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - J Ryan Shipley
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia W Twining
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Yann Vitasse
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Vorburger
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Integrative Biology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark K L Wong
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Niklaus E Zimmermann
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Institute of Ecology & Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Florian Altermatt
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Narwani
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
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3
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Rabosky DL. Evolutionary time and species diversity in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:2090-2105. [PMID: 35899476 PMCID: PMC9796449 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is frequently described as the most dramatic biodiversity pattern on Earth, yet ecologists and biogeographers have failed to reach consensus on its primary cause. A key problem in explaining the LDG involves collinearity between multiple factors that are predicted to affect species richness in the same direction. In terrestrial systems, energy input, geographic area, and evolutionary time for species accumulation tend to covary positively with species richness at the largest spatial scales, such that their individual contributions to the LDG are confounded in global analyses. I review three diversity patterns from marine and freshwater systems that break this collinearity and which may thus provide stronger tests of the influence of time on global richness gradients. Specifically, I contrast biodiversity patterns along oceanic depth gradients, in geologically young versus ancient lakes, and in the north versus south polar marine biomes. I focus primarily on fishes due to greater data availability but synthesize patterns for invertebrates where possible. I find that regional-to-global species richness generally declines with depth in the oceans, despite the great age and stability of the deep-sea biome. Geologically ancient lakes generally do not contain more species than young lakes, and the Antarctic marine biome is not appreciably more species rich than the much younger Arctic marine biome. However, endemism is consistently higher in older systems. Patterns for invertebrate groups are less clear than for fishes and reflect a critical need for primary biodiversity data. In summary, the available data suggest that species richness is either decoupled from or only weakly related to the amount of time for diversification. These results suggest that energy, productivity, or geographic area are the primary drivers of large-scale diversity gradients. To the extent that marine and terrestrial diversity gradients result from similar processes, these examples provide evidence against a primary role for evolutionary time as the cause of the LDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Rabosky
- Museum of Zoology & Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Michigan2032 Biological Sciences BuildingAnn ArborMI48109USA
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4
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Mazzei R, Rubenstein DR. Larval ecology, dispersal, and the evolution of sociality in the sea. Ethology 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Mazzei
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology Columbia University New York NY USA
| | - Dustin R. Rubenstein
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology Columbia University New York NY USA
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5
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Williams NF, McRae L, Freeman R, Capdevila P, Clements CF. Scaling the extinction vortex: Body size as a predictor of population dynamics close to extinction events. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:7069-7079. [PMID: 34141276 PMCID: PMC8207159 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutual reinforcement between abiotic and biotic factors can drive small populations into a catastrophic downward spiral to extinction-a process known as the "extinction vortex." However, empirical studies investigating extinction dynamics in relation to species' traits have been lacking.We assembled a database of 35 vertebrate populations monitored to extirpation over a period of at least ten years, represented by 32 different species, including 25 birds, five mammals, and two reptiles. We supplemented these population time series with species-specific mean adult body size to investigate whether this key intrinsic trait affects the dynamics of populations declining toward extinction.We performed three analyses to quantify the effects of adult body size on three characteristics of population dynamics: time to extinction, population growth rate, and residual variability in population growth rate.Our results provide support for the existence of extinction vortex dynamics in extirpated populations. We show that populations typically decline nonlinearly to extinction, while both the rate of population decline and variability in population growth rate increase as extinction is approached. Our results also suggest that smaller-bodied species are particularly prone to the extinction vortex, with larger increases in rates of population decline and population growth rate variability when compared to larger-bodied species.Our results reaffirm and extend our understanding of extinction dynamics in real-life extirpated populations. In particular, we suggest that smaller-bodied species may be at greater risk of rapid collapse to extinction than larger-bodied species, and thus, management of smaller-bodied species should focus on maintaining higher population abundances as a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louise McRae
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of LondonLondonUK
| | - Robin Freeman
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of LondonLondonUK
| | - Pol Capdevila
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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6
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Ludington AJ, Sanders KL. Demographic analyses of marine and terrestrial snakes (Elapidae) using whole genome sequences. Mol Ecol 2020; 30:545-554. [PMID: 33170980 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The question of whether spatial aspects of evolution differ in marine versus terrestrial realms has endured since Ernst Mayr's 1954 essay on marine speciation. Marine systems are often suggested to support larger and more highly connected populations, but quantitative comparisons with terrestrial systems have been lacking. Here, we compared the population histories of marine and terrestrial elapid snakes using the pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent (PSMC) model to track historical fluctuations in species' effective population sizes (Ne ) from individual whole-genome sequences. To do this we generated a draft genome for the olive sea snake (Aiysurus laevis) and analysed this alongside six published elapid genomes and their sequence reads (marine species Hydrophis curtus, H. melanocephalus and Laticauda laticaudata; terrestrial species Pseudonaja textilis, Naja Naja and Notechis scutatus). Counter to the expectation that marine species should show higher overall Ne and less pronounced fluctuations in Ne , our analyses reveal demographic patterns that are highly variable among species and do not clearly correspond to major ecological divisions. At deeper time intervals, the four marine elapids appear to have experienced relatively stable Ne , while each terrestrial species shows a prominent upturn in Ne starting at ~4 million years ago (Ma) followed by an equally strong decline. However, over the last million years, all seven species show strong and divergent fluctuations. Estimates of Ne in the most recent intervals (~10 kya) are lowest in two of four marine species (H. melanocephalus and Laticauda), and do not correspond to contemporary range sizes in marine or terrestrial taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J Ludington
- School of Biological Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kate L Sanders
- School of Biological Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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7
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Capdevila P, Beger M, Blomberg SP, Hereu B, Linares C, Salguero‐Gómez R. Longevity, body dimension and reproductive mode drive differences in aquatic versus terrestrial life‐history strategies. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pol Capdevila
- Department of Zoology Oxford University Oxford UK
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Maria Beger
- School of Biology Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds Leeds UK
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Simone P. Blomberg
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Bernat Hereu
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Cristina Linares
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Roberto Salguero‐Gómez
- Department of Zoology Oxford University Oxford UK
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
- Evolutionary Demography Laboratory Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research Rostock Germany
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8
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9
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Medina I, Cooke GM, Ord TJ. Walk, swim or fly? Locomotor mode predicts genetic differentiation in vertebrates. Ecol Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iliana Medina
- Division of Ecology and Evolution Australian National University Building 44 Act on 2601 ACT Australia
- School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Georgina M. Cooke
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Kensington2052 NSWAustralia
- Australian Museum Research Institute IchthyologyAustralian Museum, 6 College St Sydney NSW2010 Australia
| | - Terry J. Ord
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Kensington2052 NSWAustralia
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10
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Some Implications of High Biodiversity for Management of Tropical Marine Ecosystems—An Australian Perspective. DIVERSITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/d10010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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11
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Costello MJ, Chaudhary C. Marine Biodiversity, Biogeography, Deep-Sea Gradients, and Conservation. Curr Biol 2017; 27:R511-R527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Swift H, Gómez Daglio L, Dawson M. Three routes to crypsis: Stasis, convergence, and parallelism in the Mastigias species complex (Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 99:103-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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13
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Burgess SC, Baskett ML, Grosberg RK, Morgan SG, Strathmann RR. When is dispersal for dispersal? Unifying marine and terrestrial perspectives. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 91:867-82. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott C. Burgess
- Department of Biological Science; Florida State University; 319 Stadium Drive Tallahassee FL 32308 U.S.A
| | - Marissa L. Baskett
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy; University of California; One Shields Ave Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
| | - Richard K. Grosberg
- Department of Evolution and Ecology; University of California; One Shields Ave Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
| | - Steven G. Morgan
- Bodega Marine Laboratory; University of California; 2099 Westside Rd Davis CA 94923 U.S.A
| | - Richard R. Strathmann
- Friday Harbor Laboratories; University of Washington; 620 University Rd Friday Harbor WA 98250 U.S.A
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14
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Dutton PH, Jensen MP, Frey A, LaCasella E, Balazs GH, Zárate P, Chassin-Noria O, Sarti-Martinez AL, Velez E. Population structure and phylogeography reveal pathways of colonization by a migratory marine reptile (Chelonia mydas) in the central and eastern Pacific. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:4317-31. [PMID: 25540693 PMCID: PMC4267870 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate, behavior, ecology, and oceanography shape patterns of biodiversity in marine faunas in the absence of obvious geographic barriers. Marine turtles are an example of highly migratory creatures with deep evolutionary lineages and complex life histories that span both terrestrial and marine environments. Previous studies have focused on the deep isolation of evolutionary lineages (>3 mya) through vicariance; however, little attention has been given to the pathways of colonization of the eastern Pacific and the processes that have shaped diversity within the most recent evolutionary time. We sequenced 770 bp of the mtDNA control region to examine the stock structure and phylogeography of 545 green turtles from eight different rookeries in the central and eastern Pacific. We found significant differentiation between the geographically separated nesting populations and identified five distinct stocks (FST = 0.08–0.44, P < 0.005). Central and eastern Pacific Chelonia mydas form a monophyletic group containing 3 subclades, with Hawaii more closely related to the eastern Pacific than western Pacific populations. The split between sampled central/eastern and western Pacific haplotypes was estimated at around 0.34 mya, suggesting that the Pacific region west of Hawaii has been a more formidable barrier to gene flow in C. mydas than the East Pacific Barrier. Our results suggest that the eastern Pacific was colonized from the western Pacific via the Central North Pacific and that the Revillagigedos Islands provided a stepping-stone for radiation of green turtles from the Hawaiian Archipelago to the eastern Pacific. Our results fit with a broader paradigm that has been described for marine biodiversity, where oceanic islands, such as Hawaii and Revillagigedo, rather than being peripheral evolutionary “graveyards”, serve as sources and recipients of diversity and provide a mechanism for further radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Dutton
- Marine Mammal & Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California, 92037
| | - Michael P Jensen
- Marine Mammal & Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California, 92037
| | - Amy Frey
- Marine Mammal & Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California, 92037
| | - Erin LaCasella
- Marine Mammal & Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California, 92037
| | - George H Balazs
- Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 1845 Wasp Blvd., Honolulu, Hawaii, 96818
| | - Patricia Zárate
- Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research and Department of Biology, University of Florida PO Box 118525, Gainesville, Florida, 32611
| | - Omar Chassin-Noria
- Facultad de Biología, Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología- UMSNH Morelia, Michoacán, 58030, México
| | - Adriana Laura Sarti-Martinez
- Dirección de Especies Prioritarias para la Conservación, CONANP Camino al Ajusco 200, 2° piso Ala Sur, Col. Jardines en la Montaña, México, DF, 14210, México
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16
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Bowen BW, Rocha LA, Toonen RJ, Karl SA. The origins of tropical marine biodiversity. Trends Ecol Evol 2013; 28:359-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Bloom DD, Weir JT, Piller KR, Lovejoy NR. DO FRESHWATER FISHES DIVERSIFY FASTER THAN MARINE FISHES? A TEST USING STATE-DEPENDENT DIVERSIFICATION ANALYSES AND MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS OF NEW WORLD SILVERSIDES (ATHERINOPSIDAE). Evolution 2013; 67:2040-57. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Devin D. Bloom
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Toronto Scarborough; Toronto Ontario M1C 1A4 Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Jason T. Weir
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Toronto Scarborough; Toronto Ontario M1C 1A4 Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Kyle R. Piller
- Department of Biological Sciences; Southeastern Louisiana University; Hammond Louisiana 70402
| | - Nathan R. Lovejoy
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Toronto Scarborough; Toronto Ontario M1C 1A4 Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5S 3B2 Canada
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18
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Witman JD. Are regional effects on local diversity more important in marine than in terrestrial communities? OIKOS 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.21043.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Dawson MN, Algar AC, Antonelli A, Dávalos LM, Davis E, Early R, Guisan A, Jansson R, Lessard JP, Marske KA, McGuire JL, Stigall AL, Swenson NG, Zimmermann NE, Gavin DG. An horizon scan of biogeography. FRONTIERS OF BIOGEOGRAPHY 2013; 5:fb_18854. [PMID: 24707348 PMCID: PMC3972886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The opportunity to reflect broadly on the accomplishments, prospects, and reach of a field may present itself relatively infrequently. Each biennial meeting of the International Biogeography Society showcases ideas solicited and developed largely during the preceding year, by individuals or teams from across the breadth of the discipline. Here, we highlight challenges, developments, and opportunities in biogeography from that biennial synthesis. We note the realized and potential impact of rapid data accumulation in several fields, a renaissance for inter-disciplinary research, the importance of recognizing the evolution-ecology continuum across spatial and temporal scales and at different taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional levels, and re-exploration of classical assumptions and hypotheses using new tools. However, advances are taxonomically and geographically biased, and key theoretical frameworks await tools to handle, or strategies to simplify, the biological complexity seen in empirical systems. Current threats to biodiversity require unprecedented integration of knowledge and development of predictive capacity that may enable biogeography to unite its descriptive and hypothetico-deductive branches and establish a greater role within and outside academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Dawson
- School of Natural Sciences, 5200 North Lake Road, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Adam C. Algar
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Liliana M. Dávalos
- Ecology and Evolution, and Consortium for Inter Disciplinary Environmental Research, Stony Brook University, NY, USA
| | - Edward Davis
- Department of Geological Sciences, Museum of Natural and Cultural History, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Regan Early
- Cátedra Rui Nabeiro - Biodiversidade, Universidade de Évora, 7000-890 Évora, Portugal and Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoine Guisan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, and Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roland Jansson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jean-Philippe Lessard
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Department of Biology, McGill University, Canada
| | - Katharine A. Marske
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jenny L. McGuire
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alycia L. Stigall
- Department of Geological Sciences and OHIO Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Studies, Ohio University, USA
| | - Nathan G. Swenson
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Niklaus E. Zimmermann
- Landscape Dynamics Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Daniel G. Gavin
- Department of Geography, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
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20
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Cornell HV, Harrison SP. Regional effects as important determinants of local diversity in both marine and terrestrial systems. OIKOS 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20691.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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Webb TJ. Marine and terrestrial ecology: unifying concepts, revealing differences. Trends Ecol Evol 2012; 27:535-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Weston AJ, Dunlap WC, Shick JM, Klueter A, Iglic K, Vukelic A, Starcevic A, Ward M, Wells ML, Trick CG, Long PF. A profile of an endosymbiont-enriched fraction of the coral Stylophora pistillata reveals proteins relevant to microbial-host interactions. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:M111.015487. [PMID: 22351649 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.015487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the response of Symbiodinium sp. endosymbionts from the coral Stylophora pistillata to moderate levels of thermal "bleaching" stress, with and without trace metal limitation. Using quantitative high throughput proteomics, we identified 8098 MS/MS events relating to individual peptides from the endosymbiont-enriched fraction, including 109 peptides meeting stringent criteria for quantification, of which only 26 showed significant change in our experimental treatments; 12 of 26 increased expression in response to thermal stress with little difference affected by iron limitation. Surprisingly, there were no significant increases in antioxidant or heat stress proteins; those induced to higher expression were generally involved in protein biosynthesis. An outstanding exception was a massive 114-fold increase of a viral replication protein indicating that thermal stress may substantially increase viral load and thereby contribute to the etiology of coral bleaching and disease. In the absence of a sequenced genome for Symbiodinium or other photosymbiotic dinoflagellate, this proteome reveals a plethora of proteins potentially involved in microbial-host interactions. This includes photosystem proteins, DNA repair enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, metabolic redox enzymes, heat shock proteins, globin hemoproteins, proteins of nitrogen metabolism, and a wide range of viral proteins associated with these endosymbiont-enriched samples. Also present were 21 unusual peptide/protein toxins thought to originate from either microbial consorts or from contamination by coral nematocysts. Of particular interest are the proteins of apoptosis, vesicular transport, and endo/exocytosis, which are discussed in context of the cellular processes of coral bleaching. Notably, the protein complement provides evidence that, rather than being expelled by the host, stressed endosymbionts may mediate their own departure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Weston
- King's College London Proteomics Facility, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The most dramatic gradient in global biodiversity is between marine and terrestrial environments. Terrestrial environments contain approximately 75-85% of all estimated species, but occupy only 30 per cent of the Earth's surface (and only approx. 1-10% by volume), whereas marine environments occupy a larger area and volume, but have a smaller fraction of Earth's estimated diversity. Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain this disparity, but there have been few large-scale quantitative tests. Here, we analyse patterns of diversity in actinopterygian (ray-finned) fishes, the most species-rich clade of marine vertebrates, containing 96 per cent of fish species. Despite the much greater area and productivity of marine environments, actinopterygian richness is similar in freshwater and marine habitats (15 150 versus 14 740 species). Net diversification rates (speciation-extinction) are similar in predominantly freshwater and saltwater clades. Both habitats are dominated by two hyperdiverse but relatively recent clades (Ostariophysi and Percomorpha). Remarkably, trait reconstructions (for both living and fossil taxa) suggest that all extant marine actinopterygians were derived from a freshwater ancestor, indicating a role for ancient extinction in explaining low marine richness. Finally, by analysing an entirely aquatic group, we are able to better sort among potential hypotheses for explaining the paradoxically low diversity of marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Carrete Vega
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5245, USA
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24
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Abstract
Present-day phylogeographic patterns have been shaped by the dual histories of lineages and places, producing a diversity of relationships that may challenge discovery of general rules. For example, the predicted positive correlation between dispersal ability and gene flow has been supported inconsistently, suggesting unaccounted complexity in theory or the comparative framework. Here, I extend the sympatric sister-species approach, in which variance between lineages and places is minimized, to sister clades and test a fundamental assumption of comparative genetic studies of dispersal: that taxa which evolved at the same time and in the same place will, if they have similar life histories and ecologies, have essentially the same phylogeographic structure. Phylogenetic analyses of 197 Stigmatopora pipefishes using two nuclear (creatine kinase intron 6, α-tropomyosin) and two mitochondrial (16S, noncoding region) loci revealed largely synchronous parallel diversification of sister clades that are codistributed from Western Australia to New Zealand, supporting the null hypothesis. Only one comparison, however, yielded a sympatric sister-species pair (the two stem species), so I also explored the potential for extant species sharing a substantial proportion of their evolutionary histories in sympatry to substitute for sister taxon comparisons. In eastern Australia, where strong environmental structure is lacking, phylogeographic differences between species that have been codistributed for ~85% of their evolutionary histories were consistent with tendencies favoured by their modest life-history differences, that is the larger, rarer species had lower genetic diversity. In contrast, in New Zealand, two species codistributed for ~70% of their evolutionary histories were both structured similarly by a strong biogeographic filter despite differences in life history. Rigorously quantifying the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on phylogeographic structure may advance most efficiently through meta-analyses of contemporaneously codistributed taxa, including but not limited to sympatric sister species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Dawson
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
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25
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Long-distance dispersal: a framework for hypothesis testing. Trends Ecol Evol 2012; 27:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Webb TJ, Dulvy NK, Jennings S, Polunin NV. The birds and the seas: body size reconciles differences in the abundance-occupancy relationship across marine and terrestrial vertebrates. OIKOS 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.18870.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Toonen RJ, Andrews KR, Baums IB, Bird CE, Concepcion GT, Daly-Engel TS, Eble JA, Faucci A, Gaither MR, Iacchei M, Puritz JB, Schultz JK, Skillings DJ, Timmers MA, Bowen BW. Defining Boundaries for Ecosystem-Based Management: A Multispecies Case Study of Marine Connectivity across the Hawaiian Archipelago. JOURNAL OF MARINE BIOLOGY 2011; 2011:460173. [PMID: 25505913 PMCID: PMC4260462 DOI: 10.1155/2011/460173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Determining the geographic scale at which to apply ecosystem-based management (EBM) has proven to be an obstacle for many marine conservation programs. Generalizations based on geographic proximity, taxonomy, or life history characteristics provide little predictive power in determining overall patterns of connectivity, and therefore offer little in terms of delineating boundaries for marine spatial management areas. Here, we provide a case study of 27 taxonomically and ecologically diverse species (including reef fishes, marine mammals, gastropods, echinoderms, cnidarians, crustaceans, and an elasmobranch) that reveal four concordant barriers to dispersal within the Hawaiian Archipelago which are not detected in single-species exemplar studies. We contend that this multispecies approach to determine concordant patterns of connectivity is an objective and logical way in which to define the minimum number of management units and that EBM in the Hawaiian Archipelago requires at least five spatially managed regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Toonen
- Hawai’i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, P.O. Box 1346 Kāne’ohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - Kimberly R. Andrews
- Hawai’i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, P.O. Box 1346 Kāne’ohe, HI 96744, USA
- Department of Zoology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Iliana B. Baums
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Christopher E. Bird
- Hawai’i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, P.O. Box 1346 Kāne’ohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - Gregory T. Concepcion
- Hawai’i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, P.O. Box 1346 Kāne’ohe, HI 96744, USA
- Department of Zoology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Toby S. Daly-Engel
- Hawai’i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, P.O. Box 1346 Kāne’ohe, HI 96744, USA
- Department of Zoology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Jeff A. Eble
- Hawai’i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, P.O. Box 1346 Kāne’ohe, HI 96744, USA
- Department of Zoology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Anuschka Faucci
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Michelle R. Gaither
- Hawai’i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, P.O. Box 1346 Kāne’ohe, HI 96744, USA
- Department of Zoology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Matthew Iacchei
- Hawai’i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, P.O. Box 1346 Kāne’ohe, HI 96744, USA
- Department of Zoology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Jonathan B. Puritz
- Hawai’i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, P.O. Box 1346 Kāne’ohe, HI 96744, USA
- Department of Zoology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Schultz
- Hawai’i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, P.O. Box 1346 Kāne’ohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - Derek J. Skillings
- Hawai’i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, P.O. Box 1346 Kāne’ohe, HI 96744, USA
- Department of Zoology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Molly A. Timmers
- Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Brian W. Bowen
- Hawai’i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, P.O. Box 1346 Kāne’ohe, HI 96744, USA
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Vermeij GJ, Grosberg RK. The Great Divergence: When Did Diversity on Land Exceed That in the Sea? Integr Comp Biol 2010; 50:675-82. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icq078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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29
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Diversity and distribution of diapausing aquatic invertebrates in inland wetlands: An ecosystem conservation viewpoint. J Nat Conserv 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Abstract
The World Congress on Marine Biodiversity was held in the City of Arts and Sciences, Valencia, from 10 to 15 November 2008, showcasing research on all aspects of marine biodiversity from basic taxonomic exploration to innovative conservation strategies and methods to integrate research into environmental policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Webb
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
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