1
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Barreto E, Boehm MMA, Ogutcen E, Abrahamczyk S, Kessler M, Bascompte J, Dellinger AS, Bello C, Dehling DM, Duchenne F, Kaehler M, Lagomarsino LP, Lohmann LG, Maglianesi MA, Morlon H, Muchhala N, Ornelas JF, Perret M, Salinas NR, Smith SD, Vamosi JC, Varassin IG, Graham CH. Macroevolution of the plant-hummingbird pollination system. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38705863 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Plant-hummingbird interactions are considered a classic example of coevolution, a process in which mutually dependent species influence each other's evolution. Plants depend on hummingbirds for pollination, whereas hummingbirds rely on nectar for food. As a step towards understanding coevolution, this review focuses on the macroevolutionary consequences of plant-hummingbird interactions, a relatively underexplored area in the current literature. We synthesize prior studies, illustrating the origins and dynamics of hummingbird pollination across different angiosperm clades previously pollinated by insects (mostly bees), bats, and passerine birds. In some cases, the crown age of hummingbirds pre-dates the plants they pollinate. In other cases, plant groups transitioned to hummingbird pollination early in the establishment of this bird group in the Americas, with the build-up of both diversities coinciding temporally, and hence suggesting co-diversification. Determining what triggers shifts to and away from hummingbird pollination remains a major open challenge. The impact of hummingbirds on plant diversification is complex, with many tropical plant lineages experiencing increased diversification after acquiring flowers that attract hummingbirds, and others experiencing no change or even a decrease in diversification rates. This mixed evidence suggests that other extrinsic or intrinsic factors, such as local climate and isolation, are important covariables driving the diversification of plants adapted to hummingbird pollination. To guide future studies, we discuss the mechanisms and contexts under which hummingbirds, as a clade and as individual species (e.g. traits, foraging behaviour, degree of specialization), could influence plant evolution. We conclude by commenting on how macroevolutionary signals of the mutualism could relate to coevolution, highlighting the unbalanced focus on the plant side of the interaction, and advocating for the use of species-level interaction data in macroevolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Barreto
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Mannfred M A Boehm
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2212 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ezgi Ogutcen
- Department of Environment and Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Stefan Abrahamczyk
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plant, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, Bonn, 53115, Germany
- State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Botany Department, Rosenstein 1, Stuttgart, 70191, Germany
| | - Michael Kessler
- Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Bascompte
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurestrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Agnes S Dellinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Carolina Bello
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - D Matthias Dehling
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 25 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - François Duchenne
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Kaehler
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos 100, Curitiba, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Laura P Lagomarsino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Shirley C. Tucker Herbarium, Louisiana State University, Life Science Annex Building A257, Baton Rouge, 70803, LA, USA
| | - Lúcia G Lohmann
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
- Department of Integrative Biology, University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, 94720-2465, CA, USA
| | - María A Maglianesi
- Escuela de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Estatal a Distancia, San José, 474-2050, Costa Rica
| | - Hélène Morlon
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, UMR 8197, 46 rue d'Ulm, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Nathan Muchhala
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri - St. Louis, St. Louis, 63121, MO, USA
| | - Juan Francisco Ornelas
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (INECOL), Xalapa, Veracruz, 91073, Mexico
| | - Mathieu Perret
- Department of Plant Sciences, Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de Genève, University of Geneva, Chem. de l'Impératrice 1, 1292 Pregny-Chambésy, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nelson R Salinas
- Pfizer Plant Research Laboratory, New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, New York City, 10458, NY, USA
| | - Stacey D Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado-Boulder, 1900 Pleasant St, Boulder, 80302, CO, USA
| | - Jana C Vamosi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, T2N1N4, AB, Canada
| | - Isabela G Varassin
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos 100, Curitiba, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
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2
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Khaliq I, Rixen C, Zellweger F, Graham CH, Gossner MM, McFadden IR, Antão L, Brodersen J, Ghosh S, Pomati F, Seehausen O, Roth T, Sattler T, Supp SR, Riaz M, Zimmermann NE, Matthews B, Narwani A. Warming underpins community turnover in temperate freshwater and terrestrial communities. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1921. [PMID: 38429327 PMCID: PMC10907361 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Rising temperatures are leading to increased prevalence of warm-affinity species in ecosystems, known as thermophilisation. However, factors influencing variation in thermophilisation rates among taxa and ecosystems, particularly freshwater communities with high diversity and high population decline, remain unclear. We analysed compositional change over time in 7123 freshwater and 6201 terrestrial, mostly temperate communities from multiple taxonomic groups. Overall, temperature change was positively linked to thermophilisation in both realms. Extirpated species had lower thermal affinities in terrestrial communities but higher affinities in freshwater communities compared to those persisting over time. Temperature change's impact on thermophilisation varied with community body size, thermal niche breadth, species richness and baseline temperature; these interactive effects were idiosyncratic in the direction and magnitude of their impacts on thermophilisation, both across realms and taxonomic groups. While our findings emphasise the challenges in predicting the consequences of temperature change across communities, conservation strategies should consider these variable responses when attempting to mitigate climate-induced biodiversity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khaliq
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology) Überlandstrasse 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Flüelastrasse 11, 7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland.
- Climate Change, Extremes and Natural Hazards in Alpine Regions Research Centre CERC, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland.
- Department of Zoology, Government (defunct) post-graduate college, Dera Ghazi Khan, 32200, Pakistan.
| | - Christian Rixen
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Flüelastrasse 11, 7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
- Climate Change, Extremes and Natural Hazards in Alpine Regions Research Centre CERC, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - Florian Zellweger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ian R McFadden
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- University of London, Queen Mary, London, UK
| | - Laura Antão
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jakob Brodersen
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology), Seestrasse 79, 6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shyamolina Ghosh
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Flüelastrasse 11, 7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology), Seestrasse 79, 6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Pomati
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology) Überlandstrasse 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology), Seestrasse 79, 6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Roth
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
- Hintermann & Weber AG Austrasse 2a, 4153, Reinach, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Sattler
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Seerose 1, 6204, Sempach, Switzerland
| | - Sarah R Supp
- Denison University, Data Analytics Program, Granville, OH, 43023, USA
| | - Maria Riaz
- Conservation Genetics Group, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, 63571, Gelnhausen, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Niklaus E Zimmermann
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology), Seestrasse 79, 6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Anita Narwani
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology) Überlandstrasse 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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3
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Botella C, Gaüzère P, O'Connor L, Ohlmann M, Renaud J, Dou Y, Graham CH, Verburg PH, Maiorano L, Thuiller W. Land-use intensity influences European tetrapod food webs. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17167. [PMID: 38348640 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Land use intensification favours particular trophic groups which can induce architectural changes in food webs. These changes can impact ecosystem functions, services, stability and resilience. However, the imprint of land management intensity on food-web architecture has rarely been characterized across large spatial extent and various land uses. We investigated the influence of land management intensity on six facets of food-web architecture, namely apex and basal species proportions, connectance, omnivory, trophic chain lengths and compartmentalization, for 67,051 European terrestrial vertebrate communities. We also assessed the dependency of this influence of intensification on land use and climate. In addition to more commonly considered climatic factors, the architecture of food webs was notably influenced by land use and management intensity. Intensification tended to strongly lower the proportion of apex predators consistently across contexts. In general, intensification also tended to lower proportions of basal species, favoured mesopredators, decreased food webs compartmentalization whereas it increased their connectance. However, the response of food webs to intensification was different for some contexts. Intensification sharply decreased connectance in Mediterranean and Alpine settlements, and it increased basal tetrapod proportions and compartmentalization in Mediterranean forest and Atlantic croplands. Besides, intensive urbanization especially favoured longer trophic chains and lower omnivory. By favouring mesopredators in most contexts, intensification could undermine basal tetrapods, the cascading effects of which need to be assessed. Our results support the importance of protecting top predators where possible and raise questions about the long-term stability of food webs in the face of human-induced pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Botella
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Pierre Gaüzère
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Louise O'Connor
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Ohlmann
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Renaud
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Yue Dou
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter H Verburg
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
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4
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Duchenne F, Aubert S, Barreto E, Brenes E, Maglianesi MA, Santander T, Guevara EA, Graham CH. When cheating turns into a stabilizing mechanism of plant-pollinator communities. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002434. [PMID: 38150463 PMCID: PMC10752559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutualistic interactions, such as plant-mycorrhizal or plant-pollinator interactions, are widespread in ecological communities and frequently exploited by cheaters, species that profit from interactions without providing benefits in return. Cheating usually negatively affects the fitness of the individuals that are cheated on, but the effects of cheating at the community level remains poorly understood. Here, we describe 2 different kinds of cheating in mutualistic networks and use a generalized Lotka-Volterra model to show that they have very different consequences for the persistence of the community. Conservative cheating, where a species cheats on its mutualistic partners to escape the cost of mutualistic interactions, negatively affects community persistence. In contrast, innovative cheating occurs with species with whom legitimate interactions are not possible, because of a physiological or morphological barrier. Innovative cheating can enhance community persistence under some conditions: when cheaters have few mutualistic partners, cheat at low or intermediate frequency and the cost associated with mutualism is not too high. Under these conditions, the negative effects of cheating on partner persistence are overcompensated at the community level by the positive feedback loops that arise in diverse mutualistic communities. Using an empirical dataset of plant-bird interactions (hummingbirds and flowerpiercers), we found that observed cheating patterns are highly consistent with theoretical cheating patterns found to increase community persistence. This result suggests that the cheating patterns observed in nature could contribute to promote species coexistence in mutualistic communities, instead of necessarily destabilizing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Duchenne
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Aubert
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Barreto
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Emanuel Brenes
- Escuela de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED), San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica
| | - María A. Maglianesi
- Escuela de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED), San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Esteban A. Guevara
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Catherine H. Graham
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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5
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Coelho MTP, Barreto E, Rangel TF, Diniz-Filho JAF, Wüest RO, Bach W, Skeels A, McFadden IR, Roberts DW, Pellissier L, Zimmermann NE, Graham CH. The geography of climate and the global patterns of species diversity. Nature 2023; 622:537-544. [PMID: 37758942 PMCID: PMC10584679 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Climate's effect on global biodiversity is typically viewed through the lens of temperature, humidity and resulting ecosystem productivity1-6. However, it is not known whether biodiversity depends solely on these climate conditions, or whether the size and fragmentation of these climates are also crucial. Here we shift the common perspective in global biodiversity studies, transitioning from geographic space to a climate-defined multidimensional space. Our findings suggest that larger and more isolated climate conditions tend to harbour higher diversity and species turnover among terrestrial tetrapods, encompassing more than 30,000 species. By considering both the characteristics of climate itself and its geographic attributes, we can explain almost 90% of the variation in global species richness. Half of the explanatory power (45%) may be attributed either to climate itself or to the geography of climate, suggesting a nuanced interplay between them. Our work evolves the conventional idea that larger climate regions, such as the tropics, host more species primarily because of their size7,8. Instead, we underscore the integral roles of both the geographic extent and degree of isolation of climates. This refined understanding presents a more intricate picture of biodiversity distribution, which can guide our approach to biodiversity conservation in an ever-changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Túlio P Coelho
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Elisa Barreto
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Thiago F Rangel
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael O Wüest
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Wilhelmine Bach
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Ecosystems and Landscape Evolution, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental System Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Skeels
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Ecosystems and Landscape Evolution, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental System Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ian R McFadden
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Ecosystems and Landscape Evolution, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental System Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David W Roberts
- Ecology Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Ecosystems and Landscape Evolution, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental System Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus E Zimmermann
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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6
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Cerezer FO, Dambros CS, Coelho MTP, Cassemiro FAS, Barreto E, Albert JS, Wüest RO, Graham CH. Accelerated body size evolution in upland environments is correlated with recent speciation in South American freshwater fishes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6070. [PMID: 37770447 PMCID: PMC10539357 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Speciation rates vary greatly among taxa and regions and are shaped by both biotic and abiotic factors. However, the relative importance and interactions of these factors are not well understood. Here we investigate the potential drivers of speciation rates in South American freshwater fishes, the most diverse continental vertebrate fauna, by examining the roles of multiple biotic and abiotic factors. We integrate a dataset on species geographic distribution, phylogenetic, morphological, climatic, and habitat data. We find that Late Neogene-Quaternary speciation events are strongly associated with body-size evolution, particularly in lineages with small body sizes that inhabit higher elevations near the continental periphery. Conversely, the effects of temperature, area, and diversity-dependence, often thought to facilitate speciation, are negligible. By evaluating multiple factors simultaneously, we demonstrate that habitat characteristics associated with elevation, as well as body size evolution, correlate with rapid speciation in South American freshwater fishes. Our study emphasizes the importance of integrative approaches that consider the interplay of biotic and abiotic factors in generating macroecological patterns of species diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe O Cerezer
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Cristian S Dambros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Marco T P Coelho
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Fernanda A S Cassemiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Elisa Barreto
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - James S Albert
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA
| | - Rafael O Wüest
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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7
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Karger DN, Saladin B, Wüest RO, Graham CH, Zurell D, Mo L, Zimmermann NE. Interannual climate variability improves niche estimates for ectothermic but not endothermic species. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12538. [PMID: 37532828 PMCID: PMC10397316 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate is an important limiting factor of species' niches and it is therefore regularly included in ecological applications such as species distribution models (SDMs). Climate predictors are often used in the form of long-term mean values, yet many species experience wide climatic variation over their lifespan and within their geographical range which is unlikely captured by long-term means. Further, depending on their physiology, distinct groups of species cope with climate variability differently. Ectothermic species, which are directly dependent on the thermal environment are expected to show a different response to temporal or spatial variability in temperature than endothermic groups that can decouple their internal temperature from that of their surroundings. Here, we explore the degree to which spatial variability and long-term temporal variability in temperature and precipitation change niche estimates for ectothermic (730 amphibian, 1276 reptile), and endothermic (1961 mammal) species globally. We use three different species distribution modelling (SDM) algorithms to quantify the effect of spatial and temporal climate variability, based on global range maps of all species and climate data from 1979 to 2013. All SDMs were cross-validated and accessed for their performance using the Area under the Curve (AUC) and the True Skill Statistic (TSS). The mean performance of SDMs using only climatic means as predictors was TSS = 0.71 and AUC = 0.90. The inclusion of spatial variability offers a significant gain in SDM performance (mean TSS = 0.74, mean AUC = 0.92), as does the inclusion of temporal variability (mean TSS = 0.80, mean AUC = 0.94). Including both spatial and temporal variability in SDMs shows the highest scores in AUC and TSS. Accounting for temporal rather than spatial variability in climate improved the SDM prediction especially in ectotherm groups such as amphibians and reptiles, while for endothermic mammals no such improvement was observed. These results indicate that including long term climate interannual climate variability into niche estimations matters most for ectothermic species that cannot decouple their physiology from the surrounding environment as endothermic species can.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Nikolaus Karger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Bianca Saladin
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Rafael O Wüest
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Damaris Zurell
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 3, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lidong Mo
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus E Zimmermann
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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8
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Barreto E, Lim MCW, Rojas D, Dávalos LM, Wüest RO, Machac A, Graham CH. Morphology and niche evolution influence hummingbird speciation rates. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20221793. [PMID: 37072043 PMCID: PMC10113027 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
How traits affect speciation is a long-standing question in evolution. We investigate whether speciation rates are affected by the traits themselves or by the rates of their evolution, in hummingbirds, a clade with great variation in speciation rates, morphology and ecological niches. Further, we test two opposing hypotheses, postulating that speciation rates are promoted by trait conservatism or, alternatively, by trait divergence. To address these questions, we analyse morphological (body mass and bill length) and niche traits (temperature and precipitation position and breadth, and mid-elevation), using a variety of methods to estimate speciation rates and correlate them with traits and their evolutionary rates. When it comes to the traits, we find faster speciation in smaller hummingbirds with shorter bills, living at higher elevations and experiencing greater temperature ranges. As for the trait evolutionary rates, we find that speciation increases with rates of divergence in the niche traits, but not in the morphological traits. Together, these results reveal the interplay of mechanisms through which different traits and their evolutionary rates (conservatism or divergence) influence the origination of hummingbird diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Barreto
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Marisa C. W. Lim
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, 650 Life Sciences Building, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Danny Rojas
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, Cl. 18 #118-250, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Liliana M. Dávalos
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, 650 Life Sciences Building, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Consortium for Inter-Disciplinary Environmental Research, Stony Brook University, 129 Dana Hall, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Rafael O. Wüest
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Antonin Machac
- Villum Center for Global Mountain Biodiversity and Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University and the Czech Academy of Science, Jilska 1, 11000 Prague, Czechia
- Department of Ecology, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 12844 Prague, Czechia
| | - Catherine H. Graham
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, 650 Life Sciences Building, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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9
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Nieto A, Wüest RO, Graham CH, Varassin IG. Diel niche partitioning of a plant-hummingbird network in the Atlantic forest of Brazil. Oecologia 2023; 201:1025-1037. [PMID: 37027042 PMCID: PMC10113301 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05347-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Niche partitioning is an important mechanism that allows species to coexist. Within mutualistic interaction networks, diel niche partitioning, i.e., partitioning of resources throughout the day, has been neglected. We explored diel niche partitioning of a plant-hummingbird network in the Brazilian Atlantic forest for nine months. To evaluate diel patterns of hummingbird visits and nectar production, we used time-lapse cameras on focal flowers and repeated nectar volume and concentration measures, respectively. Additionally, we measured flower abundance around focal flowers and flower morphological traits. We did not observe diel partitioning for either hummingbirds or plants. Instead, hummingbirds appeared to specialize in different plant species, consistent with trophic niche partitioning, potentially resulting from competition. In contrast, plant species that co-flowered and shared hummingbird visits produced nectar during similar times, consistent with facilitation. Our focus on the fine-scale temporal pattern revealed that plants and hummingbirds appear to have different strategies for promoting co-existence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nieto
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Rafael O Wüest
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Isabela G Varassin
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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10
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Guevara EA, Bello C, Poveda C, McFadden IR, Schleuning M, Pellissier L, Graham CH. Hummingbird community structure and nectar resources modulate the response of interspecific competition to forest conversion. Oecologia 2023; 201:761-770. [PMID: 36754882 PMCID: PMC10038955 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05330-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
On-going land-use change has profound impacts on biodiversity by filtering species that cannot survive in disturbed landscapes and potentially altering biotic interactions. In particular, how land-use change reshapes biotic interactions remains an open question. Here, we used selectivity experiments with nectar feeders in natural and converted forests to test the direct and indirect effects of land-use change on resource competition in Andean hummingbirds along an elevational gradient. Selectivity was defined as the time hummingbirds spent at high resource feeders when feeders with both low and high resource values were offered in the presence of other hummingbird species. Selectivity approximates the outcome of interspecific competition (i.e., the resource intake across competing species); in the absence of competition, birds should exhibit higher selectivity. We evaluated the indirect effect of forest conversion on selectivity, as mediated by morphological dissimilarity and flower resource abundance, using structural equation models. We found that forest conversion influenced selectivity at low and mid-elevations, but the influence of morphological dissimilarity and resource availability on selectivity varied between these elevations. At mid-elevation, selectivity was more influenced by the presence of morphologically similar competitors than by resource abundance while at low-elevation resource abundance was a more important predictor of selectivity. Our results suggest that selectivity is influenced by forest conversion, but that the drivers of these changes vary across elevation, highlighting the importance of considering context-dependent variation in the composition of resources and competitors when studying competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban A Guevara
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
- Área de Investigación y Monitoreo de Avifauna, Aves y Conservación, BirdLife in Ecuador, Nuño de Valderrama OE7 y Av, Mariana de Jesús, Quito, Ecuador.
- Landscape Ecology Group, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Carolina Bello
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Cristian Poveda
- Área de Investigación y Monitoreo de Avifauna, Aves y Conservación, BirdLife in Ecuador, Nuño de Valderrama OE7 y Av, Mariana de Jesús, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ian R McFadden
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Landscape Ecology Group, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Schleuning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, Main, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Landscape Ecology Group, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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11
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McFadden IR, Sendek A, Brosse M, Bach PM, Baity-Jesi M, Bolliger J, Bollmann K, Brockerhoff EG, Donati G, Gebert F, Ghosh S, Ho HC, Khaliq I, Lever JJ, Logar I, Moor H, Odermatt D, Pellissier L, de Queiroz LJ, Rixen C, Schuwirth N, Shipley JR, Twining CW, Vitasse Y, Vorburger C, Wong MKL, Zimmermann NE, Seehausen O, Gossner MM, Matthews B, Graham CH, Altermatt F, Narwani A. Linking human impacts to community processes in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:203-218. [PMID: 36560926 PMCID: PMC10107666 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human impacts such as habitat loss, climate change and biological invasions are radically altering biodiversity, with greater effects projected into the future. Evidence suggests human impacts may differ substantially between terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, but the reasons for these differences are poorly understood. We propose an integrative approach to explain these differences by linking impacts to four fundamental processes that structure communities: dispersal, speciation, species-level selection and ecological drift. Our goal is to provide process-based insights into why human impacts, and responses to impacts, may differ across ecosystem types using a mechanistic, eco-evolutionary comparative framework. To enable these insights, we review and synthesise (i) how the four processes influence diversity and dynamics in terrestrial versus freshwater communities, specifically whether the relative importance of each process differs among ecosystems, and (ii) the pathways by which human impacts can produce divergent responses across ecosystems, due to differences in the strength of processes among ecosystems we identify. Finally, we highlight research gaps and next steps, and discuss how this approach can provide new insights for conservation. By focusing on the processes that shape diversity in communities, we aim to mechanistically link human impacts to ongoing and future changes in ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R McFadden
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Agnieszka Sendek
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Morgane Brosse
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Peter M Bach
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marco Baity-Jesi
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Janine Bolliger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Kurt Bollmann
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Eckehard G Brockerhoff
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Giulia Donati
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Friederike Gebert
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Shyamolina Ghosh
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Hsi-Cheng Ho
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Imran Khaliq
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - J Jelle Lever
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ivana Logar
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Helen Moor
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Odermatt
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luiz Jardim de Queiroz
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Institute of Ecology & Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Rixen
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Nele Schuwirth
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - J Ryan Shipley
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia W Twining
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Yann Vitasse
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Vorburger
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Integrative Biology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark K L Wong
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Niklaus E Zimmermann
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Institute of Ecology & Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Florian Altermatt
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Narwani
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
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12
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Bello C, Schleuning M, Graham CH. Analyzing trophic ecosystem functions with the interaction functional space. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:424-434. [PMID: 36599738 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the vulnerability of ecosystems to global change requires a better understanding of how trophic ecosystem functions emerge. So far, trophic ecosystem functions have been studied from the perspective of either functional diversity or network ecology. To integrate these two perspectives, we propose the interaction functional space (IFS) a conceptual framework to simultaneously analyze the effects of traits and interactions on trophic functions. We exemplify the added value of our framework for seed dispersal and wood decomposition and show how species interactions influence the relationship between functional trait diversity and trophic functions. We propose future applications for a range of functions where the IFS can help to elucidate mechanisms underpinning trophic functions and facilitate understanding of functional changes in ecosystems amidst global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Bello
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Schleuning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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13
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Ho HC, Brodersen J, Gossner MM, Graham CH, Kaeser S, Reji Chacko M, Seehausen O, Zimmermann NE, Pellissier L, Altermatt F. Blue and green food webs respond differently to elevation and land use. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6415. [PMID: 36302854 PMCID: PMC9613893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While aquatic (blue) and terrestrial (green) food webs are parts of the same landscape, it remains unclear whether they respond similarly to shared environmental gradients. We use empirical community data from hundreds of sites across Switzerland and a synthesis of interaction information in the form of a metaweb to show that inferred blue and green food webs have different structural and ecological properties along elevation and among various land-use types. Specifically, in green food webs, their modular structure increases with elevation and the overlap of consumers' diet niche decreases, while the opposite pattern is observed in blue food webs. Such differences between blue and green food webs are particularly pronounced in farmland-dominated habitats, indicating that anthropogenic habitat modification modulates the climatic effects on food webs but differently in blue versus green systems. These findings indicate general structural differences between blue and green food webs and suggest their potential divergent future alterations through land-use or climatic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Cheng Ho
- grid.418656.80000 0001 1551 0562Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Brodersen
- grid.418656.80000 0001 1551 0562Department Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Martin M. Gossner
- grid.419754.a0000 0001 2259 5533WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland ,grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Catherine H. Graham
- grid.419754.a0000 0001 2259 5533WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Silvana Kaeser
- grid.418656.80000 0001 1551 0562Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Merin Reji Chacko
- grid.419754.a0000 0001 2259 5533WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland ,grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- grid.418656.80000 0001 1551 0562Department Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Division Aquatic Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus E. Zimmermann
- grid.419754.a0000 0001 2259 5533WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland ,grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- grid.419754.a0000 0001 2259 5533WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland ,grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Altermatt
- grid.418656.80000 0001 1551 0562Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland ,grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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14
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Abstract
Community ecologists have made great advances in understanding how natural communities can be both diverse and stable by studying communities as interaction networks. However, focus has been on interaction networks aggregated over time, neglecting the consequences of the seasonal organization of interactions (hereafter 'seasonal structure') for community stability. Here, we extended previous theoretical findings on the topic in two ways: (i) by integrating empirical seasonal structure of 11 plant–hummingbird communities into dynamic models, and (ii) by tackling multiple facets of network stability together. We show that, in a competition context, seasonal structure enhances community stability by allowing diverse and resilient communities while preserving their robustness to species extinctions. The positive effects of empirical seasonal structure on network stability vanished when using randomized seasonal structures, suggesting that eco-evolutionary dynamics produce stabilizing seasonal structures. We also show that the effects of seasonal structure on community stability are mainly mediated by changes in network structure and productivity, suggesting that the seasonal structure of a community is an important and yet neglected aspect in the diversity–stability and diversity–productivity debates.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Duchenne
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Rafael O Wüest
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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15
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Dehling DM, Barreto E, Graham CH. The contribution of mutualistic interactions to functional and phylogenetic diversity. Trends Ecol Evol 2022; 37:768-776. [PMID: 35680468 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of functional diversity (FD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD) likely affects ecosystem functions and reduces the potential of communities to respond to changes, such as climate change. Mutualistic interactions are essential for maintaining diversity, but their role has largely been ignored in conservation planning. We propose using a species' interaction niche - the diversity of its interaction partners - to measure a species' contribution to the maintenance of FD and PD via mutualistic interactions, and thus identify species and interspecific interactions that are particularly important for the conservation of ecosystem functions and evolutionary lineages in ecological communities. Our approach represents a switch in perspective that allows a direct assessment of the importance of mutualistic interactions for the maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Barreto
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Laboratório de Ecologia Teórica e Síntese, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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16
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McFadden IR, Fritz SA, Zimmermann NE, Pellissier L, Kissling WD, Tobias JA, Schleuning M, Graham CH. Global plant-frugivore trait matching is shaped by climate and biogeographic history. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:686-696. [PMID: 35199916 PMCID: PMC9302656 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Species interactions are influenced by the trait structure of local multi‐trophic communities. However, it remains unclear whether mutualistic interactions in particular can drive trait patterns at the global scale, where climatic constraints and biogeographic processes gain importance. Here we evaluate global relationships between traits of frugivorous birds and palms (Arecaceae), and how these relationships are affected, directly or indirectly, by assemblage richness, climate and biogeographic history. We leverage a new and expanded gape size dataset for nearly all avian frugivores, and find a positive relationship between gape size and fruit size, that is, trait matching, which is influenced indirectly by palm richness and climate. We also uncover a latitudinal gradient in trait matching strength, which increases towards the tropics and varies among zoogeographic realms. Taken together, our results suggest trophic interactions have consistent influences on trait structure, but that abiotic, biogeographic and richness effects also play important, though sometimes indirect, roles in shaping the functional biogeography of mutualisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R McFadden
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne A Fritz
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institut für Geowissenschaften, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Niklaus E Zimmermann
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - W Daniel Kissling
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph A Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Matthias Schleuning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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17
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Shipley JR, Twining CW, Mathieu-Resuge M, Parmar TP, Kainz M, Martin-Creuzburg D, Weber C, Winkler DW, Graham CH, Matthews B. Climate change shifts the timing of nutritional flux from aquatic insects. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1342-1349.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Shankar A, Cisneros INH, Thompson S, Graham CH, Powers DR. A heterothermic spectrum in hummingbirds. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:273909. [PMID: 34989393 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Many endotherms use torpor, saving energy by a controlled reduction of their body temperature and metabolic rate. Some species (e.g., arctic ground squirrels, hummingbirds) enter deep torpor, dropping their body temperatures by 23-37°C, while others can only enter shallow torpor (e.g., pigeons, 3-10°C reductions). However, deep torpor in mammals can increase predation risk (unless animals are in burrows or caves), inhibit immune function, and result in sleep deprivation, so even for species that can enter deep torpor, facultative shallow torpor might help balance energy savings with these potential costs. Deep torpor occurs in three avian orders, but the trade-offs of deep torpor in birds are unknown. Although the literature hints that some bird species (mousebirds and perhaps hummingbirds) can use both shallow and deep torpor, little empirical evidence of such an avian heterothermy spectrum within species exists. We infrared imaged three hummingbird species that are known to use deep torpor, under natural temperature and light cycles, to test if they were also capable of shallow torpor. All three species used both deep and shallow torpor, often on the same night. Depending on the species, they used shallow torpor for 5-35% of the night. The presence of a heterothermic spectrum in these bird species indicates a capacity for fine-scale physiological and genetic regulation of avian torpid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Shankar
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.,Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), Birmensdorf, CH-8903, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Catherine H Graham
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.,Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), Birmensdorf, CH-8903, Switzerland
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19
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Abstract
Insular biodiversity is expected to be regulated differently than continental biota, but their determinants remain to be quantified at a global scale. We evaluated the importance of physical, environmental and historical factors on mammal richness and endemism across 5592 islands worldwide. We fitted generalized linear and mixed models to accommodate variation among biogeographic realms and performed analyses separately for bats and non-volants. Richness on islands ranged from one to 234 species, with up to 177 single island endemics. Diversity patterns were most consistently influenced by the islands' physical characteristics. Area positively affected mammal diversity, in particular the number of non-volant endemics. Island isolation, both current and past, was associated with lower richness but greater endemism. Flight capacity modified the relative importance of past versus current isolation, with bats responding more strongly to current and non-volant mammals to past isolation. Biodiversity relationships with environmental factors were idiosyncratic, with a tendency for greater effects sizes with endemism than richness. The historical climatic change was positively associated with endemism. In line with theory, we found that area and isolation were among the strongest drivers of mammalian biodiversity. Our results support the importance of past conditions on current patterns, particularly of non-volant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Barreto
- Programa de pósgraduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Thiago F Rangel
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Landscape Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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20
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Tinoco BA, Latta SC, Astudillo PX, Nieto A, Graham CH. Temporal stability in species richness but reordering in species abundances within avian assemblages of a tropical Andes conservation hot spot. Biotropica 2021; 53:1673-1684. [PMID: 35874905 PMCID: PMC9293307 DOI: 10.1111/btp.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven C. Latta
- National Aviary Allegheny Commons West Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | | | - Andrea Nieto
- Escuela de Biología Universidad del Azuay Cuenca Ecuador
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21
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Barreto E, Rangel TF, Coelho MTP, Cassemiro FAS, Zimmermann NE, Graham CH. Spatial variation in direct and indirect effects of climate and productivity on species richness of terrestrial tetrapods. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 2021; 30:1899-1908. [PMID: 34588924 PMCID: PMC8457120 DOI: 10.1111/geb.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to dissect the spatial variation of the direct and indirect effects of climate and productivity on global species richness of terrestrial tetrapods. LOCATION Global. TIME PERIOD Present. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED Terrestrial tetrapods. METHODS We used a geographically weighted path analysis to estimate and map the direct and indirect effects of temperature, precipitation and primary productivity on species richness of terrestrial tetrapods across the globe. RESULTS We found that all relationships shift in magnitude, and even in direction, among taxonomic groups, geographical regions and connecting paths. Direct effects of temperature and precipitation are generally stronger than both indirect effects mediated by productivity and direct effects of productivity. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Richness gradients seem to be driven primarily by effects of climate on organismal physiological limits and metabolic rates rather than by the amount of productive energy. Reptiles have the most distinct relationships across tetrapods, with a clear latitudinal pattern in the importance of temperature versus water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Barreto
- Programa de pós‐graduação em Ecologia e EvoluçãoUniversidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaBrazil
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and LandscapeBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Thiago F. Rangel
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and LandscapeBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Departamento de EcologiaUniversidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaBrazil
| | - Marco Túlio P. Coelho
- Programa de pós‐graduação em Ecologia e EvoluçãoUniversidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaBrazil
| | - Fernanda A. S. Cassemiro
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and LandscapeBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Departamento de EcologiaUniversidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaBrazil
| | | | - Catherine H. Graham
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and LandscapeBirmensdorfSwitzerland
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22
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Lim MCW, Bi K, Witt CC, Graham CH, Dávalos LM. Pervasive Genomic Signatures of Local Adaptation to Altitude Across Highland Specialist Andean Hummingbird Populations. J Hered 2021; 112:229-240. [PMID: 33631009 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Populations along steep environmental gradients are subject to differentiating selection that can result in local adaptation, despite countervailing gene flow, and genetic drift. In montane systems, where species are often restricted to narrow ranges of elevation, it is unclear whether the selection is strong enough to influence functional differentiation of subpopulations differing by a few hundred meters in elevation. We used targeted capture of 12 501 exons from across the genome, including 271 genes previously implicated in altitude adaptation, to test for adaptation to local elevations for 2 highland hummingbird species, Coeligena violifer (n = 62) and Colibri coruscans (n = 101). For each species, we described population genetic structure across the complex geography of the Peruvian Andes and, while accounting for this structure, we tested whether elevational allele frequency clines in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed evidence for local adaptation to elevation. Although the 2 species exhibited contrasting population genetic structures, we found signatures of clinal genetic variation with shifts in elevation in both. The genes with SNP-elevation associations included candidate genes previously discovered for high-elevation adaptation as well as others not previously identified, with cellular functions related to hypoxia response, energy metabolism, and immune function, among others. Despite the homogenizing effects of gene flow and genetic drift, natural selection on parts of the genome evidently optimizes elevation-specific cellular function even within elevation range-restricted montane populations. Consequently, our results suggest local adaptation occurring in narrow elevation bands in tropical mountains, such as the Andes, may effectively make them "taller" biogeographic barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa C W Lim
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Ke Bi
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (Bi)
| | - Christopher C Witt
- Museum of Southwestern Biology and Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.,Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Liliana M Dávalos
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.,Consortium for Inter-Disciplinary Environmental Research, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
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23
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La Sorte FA, Graham CH. Phenological synchronization of seasonal bird migration with vegetation greenness across dietary guilds. J Anim Ecol 2020; 90:343-355. [PMID: 33107060 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The seasonal movement of animals has been linked to seasonal variation in ecological productivity, and it has been hypothesized that primary consumers synchronize migration with vegetation phenology. Within temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, herbivorous bird species often track the phenology of vegetation greenness during spring migration. Phenological synchronization with vegetation greenness by migratory birds in other dietary guilds, across the full extent of their annual distributions during both spring and autumn migration, has not been explored. Here, we document population-level associations with a remotely sensed measure of vegetation greenness for 230 North American migratory bird species in seven dietary guilds across the full annual cycle using eBird occurrence information for the combined period 2006-2018. Evidence of phenological synchronization was strongest for omnivores, herbivores, herbivore-granivores and granivores during spring and autumn migration, except for omnivores in the west during spring migration. Strong evidence of synchronization was also observed for insectivores during spring migration and carnivores during spring and autumn migration that migrated across the entire breadth of the continent. The level of evidence declined for insectivores in the west and east during spring migration, and for nectarivores in the west during spring and autumn migration. Limited evidence was also found for insectivores in the east during autumn migration, insectivores in the west and the centre of the continent during spring and autumn migration, and carnivores in the west during spring migration. Carnivores in the west during autumn migration showed the weakest evidence of synchronization. We found broad support across an array of dietary guilds for phenological coupling between vegetation greenness and seasonal bird migration within North America. Our results highlight the potential for many migratory bird species to encounter phenological mismatches as vegetation phenology responds to climate change. Our findings emphasize the need to better understand the environmental cues that regulate migratory behaviour across dietary guilds, consumer levels and migration tactics.
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24
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Saladin B, Pellissier L, Graham CH, Nobis MP, Salamin N, Zimmermann NE. Rapid climate change results in long-lasting spatial homogenization of phylogenetic diversity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4663. [PMID: 32938914 PMCID: PMC7495423 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific understanding of biodiversity dynamics, resulting from past climate oscillations and projections of future changes in biodiversity, has advanced over the past decade. Little is known about how these responses, past or future, are spatially connected. Analyzing the spatial variability in biodiversity provides insight into how climate change affects the accumulation of diversity across space. Here, we evaluate the spatial variation of phylogenetic diversity of European seed plants among neighboring sites and assess the effects of past rapid climate changes during the Quaternary on these patterns. Our work shows a marked homogenization in phylogenetic diversity across Central and Northern Europe linked to high climate change velocity and large distances to refugia. Our results suggest that the future projected loss in evolutionary heritage may be even more dramatic, as homogenization in response to rapid climate change has occurred among sites across large landscapes, leaving a legacy that has lasted for millennia. How past climate change has affected biodiversity over large spatial scales remains underexplored. Here, the authors find marked homogenization in flowering plant phylogenetic diversity across Central and Northern Europe linked to rapid climate change and large distances to glacial refugia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Saladin
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Department of Environmental Systems Sciences, Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael P Nobis
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Salamin
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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25
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Shankar A, Powers DR, Dávalos LM, Graham CH. The allometry of daily energy expenditure in hummingbirds: An energy budget approach. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:1254-1261. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Catherine H. Graham
- Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
- Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL) Birmensdorf Switzerland
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26
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Brun P, Zimmermann NE, Graham CH, Lavergne S, Pellissier L, Münkemüller T, Thuiller W. The productivity-biodiversity relationship varies across diversity dimensions. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5691. [PMID: 31831803 PMCID: PMC6908676 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13678-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the processes that drive the dramatic changes in biodiversity along the productivity gradient remains a major challenge. Insight from simple, bivariate relationships so far has been limited. We combined >11,000 community plots in the French Alps with a molecular phylogeny and trait information for >1200 plant species to simultaneously investigate the relationships between all major biodiversity dimensions and satellite-sensed productivity. Using an approach that tests for differential effects of species dominance, species similarity and the interplay between phylogeny and traits, we demonstrate that unimodal productivity-biodiversity relationships only dominate for taxonomic diversity. In forests, trait and phylogenetic diversity typically increase with productivity, while in grasslands, relationships shift from unimodal to declining with greater land-use intensity. High productivity may increase trait/phylogenetic diversity in ecosystems with few external constraints (forests) by promoting complementary strategies, but under external constraints (managed grasslands) successful strategies are similar and thus the best competitors may be selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Brun
- Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | | | | | - Sébastien Lavergne
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LECA, Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, F- 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Münkemüller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LECA, Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, F- 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LECA, Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, F- 38000, Grenoble, France
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27
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Lim MCW, Witt CC, Graham CH, Dávalos LM. Parallel Molecular Evolution in Pathways, Genes, and Sites in High-Elevation Hummingbirds Revealed by Comparative Transcriptomics. Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:1552-1572. [PMID: 31028697 PMCID: PMC6553502 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-elevation organisms experience shared environmental challenges that include low oxygen availability, cold temperatures, and intense ultraviolet radiation. Consequently, repeated evolution of the same genetic mechanisms may occur across high-elevation taxa. To test this prediction, we investigated the extent to which the same biochemical pathways, genes, or sites were subject to parallel molecular evolution for 12 Andean hummingbird species (family: Trochilidae) representing several independent transitions to high elevation across the phylogeny. Across high-elevation species, we discovered parallel evolution for several pathways and genes with evidence of positive selection. In particular, positively selected genes were frequently part of cellular respiration, metabolism, or cell death pathways. To further examine the role of elevation in our analyses, we compared results for low- and high-elevation species and tested different thresholds for defining elevation categories. In analyses with different elevation thresholds, positively selected genes reflected similar functions and pathways, even though there were almost no specific genes in common. For example, EPAS1 (HIF2α), which has been implicated in high-elevation adaptation in other vertebrates, shows a signature of positive selection when high-elevation is defined broadly (>1,500 m), but not when defined narrowly (>2,500 m). Although a few biochemical pathways and genes change predictably as part of hummingbird adaptation to high-elevation conditions, independent lineages have rarely adapted via the same substitutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa C W Lim
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University
| | - Christopher C Witt
- Museum of Southwestern Biology and Department of Biology, University of New Mexico
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University.,Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Liliana M Dávalos
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University.,Consortium for Inter-Disciplinary Environmental Research, Stony Brook University
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Shankar
- Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
- WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland
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29
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Lim MCW, Witt CC, Graham CH, Dávalos LM. Divergent Fine-Scale Recombination Landscapes between a Freshwater and Marine Population of Threespine Stickleback Fish. Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:1573-1585. [PMID: 31028697 PMCID: PMC6553502 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination is a highly conserved process that has profound effects on genome evolution. At a fine-scale, recombination rates can vary drastically across genomes, often localized into small recombination "hotspots" with highly elevated rates, surrounded by regions with little recombination. In most species studied, the location of hotspots within genomes is highly conserved across broad evolutionary timescales. The main exception to this pattern is in mammals, where hotspot location can evolve rapidly among closely related species and even among populations within a species. Hotspot position in mammals is controlled by the gene, Prdm9, whereas in species with conserved hotspots, a functional Prdm9 is typically absent. Due to a limited number of species where recombination rates have been estimated at a fine-scale, it remains unclear whether hotspot conservation is always associated with the absence of a functional Prdm9. Threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) are an excellent model to examine the evolution of recombination over short evolutionary timescales. Using a linkage disequilibrium-based approach, we found recombination rates indeed varied at a fine-scale across the genome, with many regions organized into narrow hotspots. Hotspots had highly divergent landscapes between stickleback populations, where only ∼15% of these hotspots were shared. Our results indicate that fine-scale recombination rates may be diverging between closely related populations of threespine stickleback fish. Interestingly, we found only a weak association of a PRDM9 binding motif within hotspots, which suggests that threespine stickleback fish may possess a novel mechanism for targeting recombination hotspots at a fine-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa C W Lim
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University
| | - Christopher C Witt
- Museum of Southwestern Biology and Department of Biology, University of New Mexico
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University
- Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Liliana M Dávalos
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University
- Consortium for Inter-Disciplinary Environmental Research, Stony Brook University
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30
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Saladin B, Thuiller W, Graham CH, Lavergne S, Maiorano L, Salamin N, Zimmermann NE. Environment and evolutionary history shape phylogenetic turnover in European tetrapods. Nat Commun 2019; 10:249. [PMID: 30651566 PMCID: PMC6335467 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic turnover quantifies the evolutionary distance among species assemblages and is central to understanding the main drivers shaping biodiversity. It is affected both by geographic and environmental distance between sites. Therefore, analyzing phylogenetic turnover in environmental space requires removing the effect of geographic distance. Here, we apply a novel approach by deciphering phylogenetic turnover of European tetrapods in environmental space after removing geographic land distance effects. We demonstrate that phylogenetic turnover is strongly structured in environmental space, particularly in ectothermic tetrapods, and is well explained by macroecological characteristics such as niche size, species richness and relative phylogenetic diversity. In ectotherms, rather recent evolutionary processes were important in structuring phylogenetic turnover along environmental gradients. In contrast, early evolutionary processes had already shaped the current structure of phylogenetic turnover in endotherms. Our approach enables the disentangling of the idiosyncrasies of evolutionary processes such as the degree of niche conservatism and diversification rates in structuring biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Saladin
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LECA, Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Sébastien Lavergne
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LECA, Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotechnologie 'Charles Darwin', Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Nicolas Salamin
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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31
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Marin J, Rapacciuolo G, Costa GC, Graham CH, Brooks TM, Young BE, Radeloff VC, Behm JE, Helmus MR, Hedges SB. Evolutionary time drives global tetrapod diversity. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2017.2378. [PMID: 29436494 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Global variation in species richness is widely recognized, but the explanation for what drives it continues to be debated. Previous efforts have focused on a subset of potential drivers, including evolutionary rate, evolutionary time (maximum clade age of species restricted to a region), dispersal (migration from one region to another), ecological factors and climatic stability. However, no study has evaluated these competing hypotheses simultaneously at a broad spatial scale. Here, we examine their relative contribution in determining the richness of the most comprehensive dataset of tetrapods to our knowledge (84% of the described species), distinguishing between the direct influences of evolutionary rate, evolutionary time and dispersal, and the indirect influences of ecological factors and climatic stability through their effect on direct factors. We found that evolutionary time exerted a primary influence on species richness, with evolutionary rate being of secondary importance. By contrast, dispersal did not significantly affect richness patterns. Ecological and climatic stability factors influenced species richness indirectly by modifying evolutionary time (i.e. persistence time) and rate. Overall, our findings suggest that global heterogeneity in tetrapod richness is explained primarily by the length of time species have had to diversify.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Marin
- Center for Biodiversity, Temple University, 502 SERC Building, 1925 N. 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA .,Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité UMR 7205, Département Systématique et Evolution, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Giovanni Rapacciuolo
- Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California Merced, 5200 N Lake Road, Merced, CA 95340, USA.,NatureServe, 4600 N. Fairfax Drive, 7th Floor, Arlington, VA 22203, USA
| | - Gabriel C Costa
- Department of Biology, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36124, USA
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M Brooks
- International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland.,World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines.,Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Bruce E Young
- NatureServe, 4600 N. Fairfax Drive, 7th Floor, Arlington, VA 22203, USA
| | - Volker C Radeloff
- SILVIS Lab, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jocelyn E Behm
- Center for Biodiversity, Temple University, 502 SERC Building, 1925 N. 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.,Department of Animal Ecology, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew R Helmus
- Center for Biodiversity, Temple University, 502 SERC Building, 1925 N. 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - S Blair Hedges
- Center for Biodiversity, Temple University, 502 SERC Building, 1925 N. 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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Pontarp M, Bunnefeld L, Cabral JS, Etienne RS, Fritz SA, Gillespie R, Graham CH, Hagen O, Hartig F, Huang S, Jansson R, Maliet O, Münkemüller T, Pellissier L, Rangel TF, Storch D, Wiegand T, Hurlbert AH. The Latitudinal Diversity Gradient: Novel Understanding through Mechanistic Eco-evolutionary Models. Trends Ecol Evol 2018; 34:211-223. [PMID: 30591209 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is one of the most widely studied patterns in ecology, yet no consensus has been reached about its underlying causes. We argue that the reasons for this are the verbal nature of existing hypotheses, the failure to mechanistically link interacting ecological and evolutionary processes to the LDG, and the fact that empirical patterns are often consistent with multiple explanations. To address this issue, we synthesize current LDG hypotheses, uncovering their eco-evolutionary mechanisms, hidden assumptions, and commonalities. Furthermore, we propose mechanistic eco-evolutionary modeling and an inferential approach that makes use of geographic, phylogenetic, and trait-based patterns to assess the relative importance of different processes for generating the LDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Pontarp
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Lynsey Bunnefeld
- Biological & Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland
| | - Juliano Sarmento Cabral
- Ecosystem Modeling, Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology (CCTB), University of Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Str. 32, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rampal S Etienne
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne A Fritz
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany; Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe-University, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rosemary Gillespie
- Environmental Science, 130 Mulford Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Oskar Hagen
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Hartig
- Theoretical Ecology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Shan Huang
- Senckenberg Biodiversity Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60327, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roland Jansson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Odile Maliet
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Tamara Münkemüller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'ÉcologieAlpine, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thiago F Rangel
- Department of Ecology, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - David Storch
- Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University and Czech Academy of Sciences, Jilská 1, 110 00 Praha 1, Czech Republic; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Thorsten Wiegand
- Department of Ecological Modeling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Allen H Hurlbert
- Department of Biology and Curriculum in Environment and Ecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Zurell D, Graham CH, Gallien L, Thuiller W, Zimmermann NE. Long-distance migratory birds threatened by multiple independent risks from global change. Nat Clim Chang 2018; 8:992-996. [PMID: 30416586 PMCID: PMC6217982 DOI: 10.1038/s41558-018-0312-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Many species migrate long distances annually between their breeding and wintering areas1. While global change affects both ranges, impact assessments have generally focused on breeding ranges and ignore how environmental changes influence migrants across geographic regions and the annual cycle2,3. Using range maps and species distribution models, we quantified the risk of summer and winter range loss and migration distance increase from future climate and land cover changes on long-distance migratory birds of the Holarctic (n=715). Risk estimates are largely independent of each other and magnitudes vary geographically. If seasonal range losses and increased migration distances are not considered, we strongly underestimate the number of threatened species by 18-49% and the overall magnitude of risk for 17-50% species. Many of the analysed species facing multiple global change risks are not listed by IUCN as threatened or near threatened. Neglecting seasonal migration in impact assessments could thus seriously misguide species' conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damaris Zurell
- Geography Dept., Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, D-10099 Berlin, Germany
- Dynamic Macroecology, Dept. Landscape Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to D.Z.
| | - Catherine H. Graham
- Dept. Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Laure Gallien
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Dept of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc, LECA-Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc, LECA-Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Niklaus E. Zimmermann
- Dynamic Macroecology, Dept. Landscape Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Graham CH, Weinstein BG. Towards a predictive model of species interaction beta diversity. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1299-1310. [PMID: 29968312 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Species interactions are fundamental to community dynamics and ecosystem processes. Despite significant progress in describing species interactions, we lack the ability to predict changes in interactions across space and time. We outline a Bayesian approach to separate the probability of species co-occurrence, interaction and detectability in influencing interaction betadiversity. We use a multi-year hummingbird-plant time series, divided into training and testing data, to show that including models of detectability and occurrence improves forecasts of mutualistic interactions. We then extend our model to explore interaction betadiversity across two distinct seasons. Despite differences in the observed interactions among seasons, there was no significant change in hummingbird occurrence or interaction frequency between hummingbirds and plants. These results highlight the challenge of inferring the causes of interaction betadiversity when interaction detectability is low. Finally, we highlight potential applications of our model for integrating observations of local interactions with biogeographic and evolutionary histories of co-occurring species. These advances will provide new insight into the mechanisms that drive variation in patterns of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine H Graham
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf
| | - Ben G Weinstein
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, 2030 Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR, 97365, USA
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Tinoco BA, Santillán VE, Graham CH. Land use change has stronger effects on functional diversity than taxonomic diversity in tropical Andean hummingbirds. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:3478-3490. [PMID: 29607040 PMCID: PMC5869371 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Land use change modifies the environment at multiple spatial scales, and is a main driver of species declines and deterioration of ecosystem services. However, most of the research on the effects of land use change has focused on taxonomic diversity, while functional diversity, an important predictor of ecosystem services, is often neglected. We explored how local and landscape scale characteristics influence functional and taxonomic diversity of hummingbirds in the Andes Mountains in southern Ecuador. Data was collected in six landscapes along a land use gradient, from an almost intact landscape to one dominated by cattle pastures. We used point counts to sample hummingbirds from 2011 to 2012 to assessed how local factors (i.e., vegetation structure, flowering plants richness, nectar availability) and landscape factors (i.e., landscape heterogeneity, native vegetation cover) influenced taxonomic and functional diversity. Then, we analyzed environment – trait relationships (RLQ test) to explore how different hummingbird functional traits influenced species responses to these factors. Taxonomic and functional diversity of hummingbirds were positively associated with landscape heterogeneity but only functional diversity was positively related to native vegetation coverage. We found a weak response of taxonomic and functional diversity to land use change at the local scale. Environment‐trait associations showed that body mass of hummingbirds likely influenced species sensitivity to land use change. In conclusion, landscape heterogeneity created by land use change can positively influence hummingbird taxonomic and functional diversity; however, a reduction of native vegetation cover could decrease functional diversity. Given that functional diversity can mediate ecosystem services, the conservation of native vegetation cover could play a key role in the maintenance of hummingbird pollination services in the tropical Andes. Moreover, there are particular functional traits, such as body mass, that increase a species sensitivity to land use change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris A Tinoco
- Department of Ecology and Evolution Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA.,Escuela de Biología Ecología y Gestión Universidad del Azuay Cuenca Ecuador
| | | | - Catherine H Graham
- Department of Ecology and Evolution Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA.,Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland
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Powers DR, Langland KM, Wethington SM, Powers SD, Graham CH, Tobalske BW. Hovering in the heat: effects of environmental temperature on heat regulation in foraging hummingbirds. R Soc Open Sci 2017; 4:171056. [PMID: 29308244 PMCID: PMC5750011 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
At high temperature (greater than 40°C) endotherms experience reduced passive heat dissipation (radiation, conduction and convection) and increased reliance on evaporative heat loss. High temperatures challenge flying birds due to heat produced by wing muscles. Hummingbirds depend on flight for foraging, yet inhabit hot regions. We used infrared thermography to explore how lower passive heat dissipation during flight impacts body-heat management in broad-billed (Cynanthus latirostris, 3.0 g), black-chinned (Archilochus alexandri, 3.0 g), Rivoli's (Eugenes fulgens, 7.5 g) and blue-throated (Lampornis clemenciae, 8.0 g) hummingbirds in southeastern Arizona and calliope hummingbirds (Selasphorus calliope, 2.6 g) in Montana. Thermal gradients driving passive heat dissipation through eye, shoulder and feet dissipation areas are eliminated between 36 and 40°C. Thermal gradients persisted at higher temperatures in smaller species, possibly allowing them to inhabit warmer sites. All species experienced extended daytime periods lacking thermal gradients. Broad-billed hummingbirds lacking thermal gradients regulated the mean total-body surface temperature at approximately 38°C, suggesting behavioural thermoregulation. Blue-throated hummingbirds were inactive when lacking passive heat dissipation and hence might have the lowest temperature tolerance of the four species. Use of thermal refugia permitted hummingbirds to tolerate higher temperatures, but climate change could eliminate refugia, forcing distributional shifts in hummingbird populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sean D. Powers
- Department of Biology, George Fox University, Newberg, OR, USA
| | | | - Bret W. Tobalske
- Field Research Station at Fort Missoula, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
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Davidson AD, Shoemaker KT, Weinstein B, Costa GC, Brooks TM, Ceballos G, Radeloff VC, Rondinini C, Graham CH. Geography of current and future global mammal extinction risk. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186934. [PMID: 29145486 PMCID: PMC5690607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying which species are at greatest risk, what makes them vulnerable, and where they are distributed are central goals for conservation science. While knowledge of which factors influence extinction risk is increasingly available for some taxonomic groups, a deeper understanding of extinction correlates and the geography of risk remains lacking. Here, we develop a predictive random forest model using both geospatial and mammalian species' trait data to uncover the statistical and geographic distributions of extinction correlates. We also explore how this geography of risk may change under a rapidly warming climate. We found distinctive macroecological relationships between species-level risk and extinction correlates, including the intrinsic biological traits of geographic range size, body size and taxonomy, and extrinsic geographic settings such as seasonality, habitat type, land use and human population density. Each extinction correlate exhibited ranges of values that were especially associated with risk, and the importance of different risk factors was not geographically uniform across the globe. We also found that about 10% of mammals not currently recognized as at-risk have biological traits and occur in environments that predispose them towards extinction. Southeast Asia had the most actually and potentially threatened species, underscoring the urgent need for conservation in this region. Additionally, nearly 40% of currently threatened species were predicted to experience rapid climate change at 0.5 km/year or more. Biological and environmental correlates of mammalian extinction risk exhibit distinct statistical and geographic distributions. These results provide insight into species-level patterns and processes underlying geographic variation in extinction risk. They also offer guidance for future conservation research focused on specific geographic regions, or evaluating the degree to which species-level patterns mirror spatial variation in the pressures faced by populations within the ranges of individual species. The added impacts from climate change may increase the susceptibility of at-risk species to extinction and expand the regions where mammals are most vulnerable globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana D. Davidson
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kevin T. Shoemaker
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Ben Weinstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Gabriel C. Costa
- Department of Biology, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Thomas M. Brooks
- International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland
- World Agroforestry Center, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Gerardo Ceballos
- Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, México D.F., México
| | - Volker C. Radeloff
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Carlo Rondinini
- Global Mammal Assessment program, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Catherine H. Graham
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Unit of Biodiversity and Conservation, Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland Unit of Biodiversity and Conservation, Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Graham LJ, Weinstein BG, Supp SR, Graham CH. Future geographic patterns of novel and disappearing assemblages across three dimensions of diversity: A case study with Ecuadorian hummingbirds. DIVERS DISTRIB 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Graham
- Department of Ecology and Evolution Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
- Geography and Environment University of Southampton Southampton UK
| | - Ben G. Weinstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolution Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
| | | | - Catherine H. Graham
- Department of Ecology and Evolution Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland
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Weinstein BG, Graham CH. Persistent bill and corolla matching despite shifting temporal resources in tropical hummingbird-plant interactions. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:326-335. [PMID: 28150364 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
By specialising on specific resources, species evolve advantageous morphologies to increase the efficiency of nutrient acquisition. However, many specialists face variation in resource availability and composition. Whether specialists respond to these changes depends on the composition of the resource pulses, the cost of foraging on poorly matched resources, and the strength of interspecific competition. We studied hummingbird bill and plant corolla matching during seasonal variation in flower availability and morphology. Using a hierarchical Bayesian model, we accounted for the detectability and spatial overlap of hummingbird-plant interactions. We found that despite seasonal pulses of flowers with short-corollas, hummingbirds consistently foraged on well-matched flowers, leading to low niche overlap. This behaviour suggests that the costs of searching for rare and more specialised resources are lower than the benefit of switching to super-abundant resources. Our results highlight the trade-off between foraging efficiency and interspecific competition, and underline niche partitioning in maintaining tropical diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben G Weinstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
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Lessard JP, Weinstein BG, Borregaard MK, Marske KA, Martin DR, McGuire JA, Parra JL, Rahbek C, Graham CH. Process-Based Species Pools Reveal the Hidden Signature of Biotic Interactions Amid the Influence of Temperature Filtering. Am Nat 2016; 187:75-88. [PMID: 27277404 DOI: 10.1086/684128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A persistent challenge in ecology is to tease apart the influence of multiple processes acting simultaneously and interacting in complex ways to shape the structure of species assemblages. We implement a heuristic approach that relies on explicitly defining species pools and permits assessment of the relative influence of the main processes thought to shape assemblage structure: environmental filtering, dispersal limitations, and biotic interactions. We illustrate our approach using data on the assemblage composition and geographic distribution of hummingbirds, a comprehensive phylogeny and morphological traits. The implementation of several process-based species pool definitions in null models suggests that temperature-but not precipitation or dispersal limitation-acts as the main regional filter of assemblage structure. Incorporating this environmental filter directly into the definition of assemblage-specific species pools revealed an otherwise hidden pattern of phylogenetic evenness, indicating that biotic interactions might further influence hummingbird assemblage structure. Such hidden patterns of assemblage structure call for a reexamination of a multitude of phylogenetic- and trait-based studies that did not explicitly consider potentially important processes in their definition of the species pool. Our heuristic approach provides a transparent way to explore patterns and refine interpretations of the underlying causes of assemblage structure.
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Gurevitch J, Fox GA, Fowler NL, Graham CH. Landscape Demography: Population Change and its Drivers Across Spatial Scales. The Quarterly Review of Biology 2016; 91:459-85. [DOI: 10.1086/689560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
The effects of regional diversity on diversification remain controversial. The classic hypothesis that diversification decelerates as regional diversity increases has been recently revived. Yet, there is little geographic evidence for slower diversification across regions of high diversity, and diversity is often thought to promote diversification through its effects on ecological divergence and speciation. Here, we use the newest phylogeny for mammals (4,990 species) and two different methods to test the effects of regional diversity on diversification. We find that regions of high diversity are dominated by expanding clades that are far from their estimated carrying capacities. Regions of low diversity host clades that are small and mostly saturated. These results were supported across mammals and their six largest orders. They were corroborated by the two methods when controlling for clade relatedness, clade nestedness, and clade size. Together, these results reject the hypothesis that high geographic concentration of mammals effectively suppresses their further diversification. Instead, highly diverse regions (especially the tropics) seem to act as the engine of mammalian richness.
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Graham CH, Supp SR, Powers DR, Beck P, Lim MCW, Shankar A, Cormier T, Goetz S, Wethington SM. Winter conditions influence biological responses of migrating hummingbirds. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine H. Graham
- Ecology and Evolution Department Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
| | - Sarah R. Supp
- Ecology and Evolution Department Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
| | - Donald R. Powers
- Biology Department George Fox University Newberg Oregon 97132 USA
| | - Pieter Beck
- Woods Hole Research Center Falmouth Massachusetts 02540 USA
| | - Marisa C. W. Lim
- Ecology and Evolution Department Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
| | - Anusha Shankar
- Ecology and Evolution Department Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
| | - Tina Cormier
- Woods Hole Research Center Falmouth Massachusetts 02540 USA
| | - Scott Goetz
- Woods Hole Research Center Falmouth Massachusetts 02540 USA
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Racca AC, Ridano ME, Bandeira CL, Bevilacqua E, Avvad Portari E, Genti-Raimondi S, Graham CH, Panzetta-Dutari GM. Low oxygen tension induces Krüppel-Like Factor 6 expression in trophoblast cells. Placenta 2016; 45:50-7. [PMID: 27577710 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Krüppel-Like Factor 6 (KLF6) has important roles in cell differentiation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and proliferation. Furthermore, there is evidence that KLF6 is required for proper placental development. While oxygen is a critical mediator of trophoblast differentiation and function, the involvement of oxygen in the regulation of KLF6 expression remains unexplored. In the present study we examined the expression of KLF6 in placental tissue from uncomplicated and preeclamptic pregnancies, the latter often characterized by an inadequately perfused placenta. We also determined the effect of hypoxia and the involvement of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF-1α) on the expression of KLF6 in cultured trophoblast cells and placental tissues. Results revealed that villous, interstitial and endovascular extravillous cytotrophoblasts from placentas from normal and preeclamptic pregnancies express KLF6. In addition, KLF6 immunoreactivity was higher in the placental bed of preeclamptic pregnancies than in those of uncomplicated pregnancies. We demonstrated that hypoxia induced an early and transient increase in KLF6 protein levels in HTR8/SVneo extravillous cytotrophoblast cells and in placental explants. Reoxygenation returned KLF6 protein to basal levels. Moreover, hypoxia-induced up-regulation of KLF6 expression was dependent on HIF-1α as revealed by siRNA knockdown in HTR8/SVneo cells. These results indicate that KLF6 may mediate some of the effects of hypoxia in placental development. The regulation of KLF6 protein levels by oxygen has significant implications for understanding its putative role in diseases affected by tissue hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Racca
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M E Ridano
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - C L Bandeira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Bevilacqua
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Avvad Portari
- Department of Pathology at Medical Sciences School, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - S Genti-Raimondi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - C H Graham
- Departments of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - G M Panzetta-Dutari
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Penone C, Weinstein BG, Graham CH, Brooks TM, Rondinini C, Hedges SB, Davidson AD, Costa GC. Global mammal beta diversity shows parallel assemblage structure in similar but isolated environments. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:20161028. [PMID: 27559061 PMCID: PMC5013794 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxonomic, phylogenetic and trait dimensions of beta diversity each provide us unique insights into the importance of historical isolation and environmental conditions in shaping global diversity. These three dimensions should, in general, be positively correlated. However, if similar environmental conditions filter species with similar trait values, then assemblages located in similar environmental conditions, but separated by large dispersal barriers, may show high taxonomic, high phylogenetic, but low trait beta diversity. Conversely, we expect lower phylogenetic diversity, but higher trait biodiversity among assemblages that are connected but are in differing environmental conditions. We calculated all pairwise comparisons of approximately 110 × 110 km grid cells across the globe for more than 5000 mammal species (approx. 70 million comparisons). We considered realms as units representing geographical distance and historical isolation and biomes as units with similar environmental conditions. While beta diversity dimensions were generally correlated, we highlight geographical regions of decoupling among beta diversity dimensions. Our analysis shows that assemblages from tropical forests in different realms had low trait dissimilarity while phylogenetic beta diversity was significantly higher than expected, suggesting potential convergent evolution. Low trait beta diversity was surprisingly not found between isolated deserts, despite harsh environmental conditions. Overall, our results provide evidence for parallel assemblage structure of mammal assemblages driven by environmental conditions at a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Penone
- Departamento de Ecologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ben G Weinstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Thomas M Brooks
- International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Rondinini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S Blair Hedges
- Center for Biodiversity, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ana D Davidson
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA NatureServe, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Gabriel C Costa
- Departamento de Ecologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Weinstein BG, Graham CH. Evaluating broad scale patterns among related species using resource experiments in tropical hummingbirds. Ecology 2016; 97:2085-2093. [DOI: 10.1890/15-0328.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben G. Weinstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolution Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
| | - Catherine H. Graham
- Department of Ecology and Evolution Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
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Tinoco BA, Graham CH, Aguilar JM, Schleuning M. Effects of hummingbird morphology on specialization in pollination networks vary with resource availability. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris A. Tinoco
- Dept of Ecology and Evolution; Stony Brook University; 650 Life Sciences Building Stony Brook NY11794 USA
- Escuela de Biología, Ecología y Gestión; Univ. del Azuay; Cuenca Ecuador
| | - Catherine H. Graham
- Dept of Ecology and Evolution; Stony Brook University; 650 Life Sciences Building Stony Brook NY11794 USA
| | - Juan M. Aguilar
- Escuela de Biología, Ecología y Gestión; Univ. del Azuay; Cuenca Ecuador
| | - Matthias Schleuning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F); Frankfurt am Main Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Leone M. Brown
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook NY 11794-5245 USA
- Odum School of Ecology; University of Georgia; Athens GA 30602-2202 USA
| | - Catherine H. Graham
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook NY 11794-5245 USA
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Thomassen HA, Fuller T, Buermann W, Milá B, Kieswetter CM, Jarrín-V P, Cameron SE, Mason E, Schweizer R, Schlunegger J, Chan J, Wang O, Peralvo M, Schneider CJ, Graham CH, Pollinger JP, Saatchi S, Wayne RK, Smith TB. Mapping evolutionary process: a multi-taxa approach to conservation prioritization. Evol Appl 2015; 4:397-413. [PMID: 25567981 PMCID: PMC3352560 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00172.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-induced land use changes are causing extensive habitat fragmentation. As a result, many species are not able to shift their ranges in response to climate change and will likely need to adapt in situ to changing climate conditions. Consequently, a prudent strategy to maintain the ability of populations to adapt is to focus conservation efforts on areas where levels of intraspecific variation are high. By doing so, the potential for an evolutionary response to environmental change is maximized. Here, we use modeling approaches in conjunction with environmental variables to model species distributions and patterns of genetic and morphological variation in seven Ecuadorian amphibian, bird, and mammal species. We then used reserve selection software to prioritize areas for conservation based on intraspecific variation or species-level diversity. Reserves selected using species richness and complementarity showed little overlap with those based on genetic and morphological variation. Priority areas for intraspecific variation were mainly located along the slopes of the Andes and were largely concordant among species, but were not well represented in existing reserves. Our results imply that in order to maximize representation of intraspecific variation in reserves, genetic and morphological variation should be included in conservation prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri A Thomassen
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Trevon Fuller
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wolfgang Buermann
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Borja Milá
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Jarrín-V
- Yasuni Research Station, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Quito, Ecuador
| | - Susan E Cameron
- Museum of Comparative Zoology and Center for the Environment, Harvard University Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eliza Mason
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rena Schweizer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jasmin Schlunegger
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Janice Chan
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ophelia Wang
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX, USA
| | - Manuel Peralvo
- Unidad de Biodiversidad y Geografía Aplicada CONDESAN, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Catherine H Graham
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University New York, NY, USA
| | - John P Pollinger
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sassan Saatchi
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Robert K Wayne
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas B Smith
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Supp SR, Sorte FAL, Cormier TA, Lim MC, Powers DR, Wethington SM, Goetz S, Graham CH. Citizen-science data provides new insight into annual and seasonal variation in migration patterns. Ecosphere 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/es14-00290.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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