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Yuan D, Hu X, Zeng Y, Tang H, Guo C. The early-stage impacts of shock events on adult sleep: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic. Stress Health 2024:e3385. [PMID: 38421313 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The present study aims to estimate the early-stage association of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with sleep duration, 4 months after the initial outbreak, at a national level. Using the China Family Panel Studies in 2018 and its follow-up in 2020, 16,563 adult participants were analyzed in our study. The first wave transmissibility of the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China was used as a quasi-natural experiment. The difference in difference method was employed to compare variations across participants interviewed before or after the pandemic and between groups from provinces with different COVID-19 severity. The study observed a decline in workday sleep duration among adults, regardless of their employment status. Specifically, working adults experienced a significant decrease in sleep duration on work days (-1.54, 95% confidence interval -2.16 to -0.92), alongside an increase on work-free days (2.41, 1.56-3.24), leading to a wider sleep discrepancy in sleep patterns (3.95, 3.31-4.59). Noteworthy, working-age adults (-2.00, -2.79 to -1.22) and males (-3.31, -4.31 to -2.30) exhibited greater sleep decreases on work days, whereas females exhibited a more pronounced disparity in sleep patterns (6.18, 4.73-7.63) between work and work-free days. The pandemic is significantly associated with prolonged changes in adults' sleep duration, including sleep decreases on work days and catch-up sleep on work-free days for working adults. To prepare for future global emergencies, the government may need to promote resilience to mitigate the pandemic's adverse impacts on the working population. Guaranteeing adequate sleep among working adults and reducing sleep debt should be prioritized in such efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianqi Yuan
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyuan Hu
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yuyu Zeng
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huameng Tang
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- APEC Health Science Academy (HeSAY), Peking University, Beijing, China
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Lan A, Ron T, Stukalin Y, Kronfeld-Schor N, Einat H. Changes in menstrual cycle length and in sleep-wake behaviors during COVID-19 related lockdown in Israel. Health Care Women Int 2023; 44:1036-1046. [PMID: 36854128 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2023.2183206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 related lockdowns changed our life. Studies report that young women are more susceptible to lockdown-induced adverse effects and stress. As stress and menstrual cycle are associated, we hypothesized that menstrual cycle length might change during lockdown. We examined menstrual cycle length, and sleep-wake behaviors during lockdown in Israel. Participants were 97 women in their fertile years who used Tempdrop fertility sensor™ to track cycles. Data were collected before, during and after lockdown in Israel. Our main finding is that lockdown was associated with changes in menstrual cycle length of most participants, with either increased of decreased length. Changes were reversed when lockdown was terminated. Sleep duration increased during lockdown but we found no relationship between sleep and menstrual cycle. We suggest these findings contribute to the understanding of the relationship between stress, sleep, and menstrual cycle. Further studies should explore the sources for differential effects in sub-groups of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Lan
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Tel-Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Ron
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Tel-Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yelena Stukalin
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Tel-Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Haim Einat
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Tel-Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Kartsoni E, Bakalis N, Markakis G, Zografakis-Sfakianakis M, Patelarou E, Patelarou A. Distance Learning in Nursing Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Psychosocial Impact for the Greek Nursing Students-A Qualitative Approach. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11081178. [PMID: 37108012 PMCID: PMC10138316 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic posed a major threat to global health and on the educational field. The purpose of this study is to identify and illustrate the psychosocial adaptation of nursing students to the sudden and exclusive application of distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) Methods: A qualitative interview research has been designed. Two focus groups of seven members each and six individual interviews were conducted in a sample of undergraduate nursing students in Greece from 3 March 2021, to 9 April 2021.; (3) Results: A qualitative thematic analysis of the data identified six themes: 1. Challenges; 2. Concerns; 3. Social changes; 4. Negative Emotions; 5. Evaluation; and 6. Teaching strategies.; (4) Conclusions: During its implementation, it identified gaps and weaknesses in the entire academic community. The study of the psychosocial adaptation of the academic community is considered crucial, as it can highlight the individual difficulties in distance learning and contribute to the improvement of the methods of its the improvement of its methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Kartsoni
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Bakalis
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patra, Greece
| | - George Markakis
- Department of Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Evridiki Patelarou
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Athina Patelarou
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
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Mofaz M, Yechezkel M, Einat H, Kronfeld-Schor N, Yamin D, Shmueli E. Real-time sensing of war's effects on wellbeing with smartphones and smartwatches. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:55. [PMID: 37069232 PMCID: PMC10109229 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern wars have a catastrophic effect on the wellbeing of civilians. However, the nature of this effect remains unclear, with most insights gleaned from subjective, retrospective studies. METHODS We prospectively monitored 954 Israelis (>40 years) from two weeks before the May 2021 Israel-Gaza war until four weeks after the ceasefire using smartwatches and a dedicated mobile application with daily questionnaires on wellbeing. This war severely affected civilians on both sides, where over 4300 rockets and missiles were launched towards Israeli cities, and 1500 aerial, land, and sea strikes were launched towards 16,500 targets in the Gaza Strip. RESULTS We identify considerable changes in all the examined wellbeing indicators during missile attacks and throughout the war, including spikes in heart rate levels, excessive screen-on time, and a reduction in sleep duration and quality. These changes, however, fade shortly after the war, with all affected measures returning to baseline in nearly all the participants. Greater changes are observed in individuals living closer to the battlefield, women, and younger individuals. CONCLUSIONS The demonstrated ability to monitor objective and subjective wellbeing indicators during crises in real-time is pivotal for the early detection of and prompt assistance to populations in need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav Mofaz
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Matan Yechezkel
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Haim Einat
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Noga Kronfeld-Schor
- School of Zoology and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dan Yamin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Center for Combating Pandemics, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Erez Shmueli
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
- MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Yechezkel M, Mofaz M, Painsky A, Patalon T, Gazit S, Shmueli E, Yamin D. Safety of the fourth COVID-19 BNT162b2 mRNA (second booster) vaccine: a prospective and retrospective cohort study. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2023; 11:139-150. [PMID: 36410364 PMCID: PMC9889528 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(22)00407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of the second BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) mRNA COVID-19 booster vaccine dose (ie, fourth inoculation) is well established, but its safety has yet to be fully understood. The absence of sufficient vaccine safety information is one of the key contributors to vaccine hesitancy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety profile of the second BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 booster vaccine using data from a retrospective cohort and a prospective cohort. METHODS To evaluate the safety profile of the second booster vaccine, we analysed its short-term effects and compared them to those of the first booster by using data from, first, a retrospective cohort of 250 000 random members of the second-largest health-care organisation in Israel (Maccabi Healthcare Services) and, second, a prospective cohort (the PerMed study) of 4698 participants from all across Israel. Individuals who were aged 18 years or older who received the second BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine booster during the vaccination campaign, from Dec 30, 2021, to July 22, 2022, were eligible for inclusion in the retrospective cohort analysis. To be included in the PerMed study, participants needed to be 18 years or older, members of Maccabi Healthcare Services at the time of enrolment, using their own smartphone, and be able to give informed consent by themselves. Participants from the prospective cohort received smartwatches, downloaded a dedicated mobile application, and granted access to their medical records. The smartwatches continuously monitored several physiological measures, including heart rate. For analysis of the prospective cohort data, we used the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare heart rate levels observed before and after vaccination. The mobile application collected daily self-reported questionnaires on local and systemic reactions. Medical records of the retrospective cohort were accessed to examine the occurrence of 25 potential adverse events, and we evaluated the risk differences between 42 days in the periods before and after vaccination in a pairwise method using non-parametric percentile bootstrap. FINDINGS The retrospective cohort included 94 169 participants who received the first booster and 17 814 who received the second booster. Comparing the 42 days before and after vaccination, the second booster was not associated with any of the 25 adverse events investigated, including myocardial infarction (risk difference, 2·25 events per 10 000 individuals [95% CI -3·93 to 8·98]) and Bell's Palsy (-1·68 events [-5·61 to 2·25]). None of the individuals was diagnosed with myocarditis or pericarditis following vaccination with the second booster. The prospective cohort included 1785 participants who received the first booster and 699 who received the second booster. We found no significant differences after inoculation with the first booster compared with the second booster (heart rate: day 2 [p=0·3], day 6 [p=0·89]; extent of self-reported reactions [p=0·06]). We found a significant increase in mean heart rate relative to that observed during the week before vaccination (baseline) levels during the first 3 days following the second booster (p<0·0001), peaking on day 2 (mean difference of 1·61 bpm [1·07 to 2·16] compared with baseline). Mean heart rate values returned to baseline levels by day 6 (-0·055 bpm [-0·56 to 0·45] compared with baseline). INTERPRETATION Both our retrospective and prospective analyses support the safety of the second booster, with our findings reflecting physicians' diagnoses, patients' objective physiological measures, and patients' subjective reactions. We believe this study provides safety assurances to the global population who are eligible to receive an additional COVID-19 booster inoculation. These assurances can help increase the number of high-risk individuals who opt to receive this booster vaccine and thereby prevent severe outcomes associated with COVID-19. FUNDING European Research Council (ERC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matan Yechezkel
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Merav Mofaz
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amichai Painsky
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Patalon
- Kahn Sagol Maccabi Research and Innovation Center, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sivan Gazit
- Kahn Sagol Maccabi Research and Innovation Center, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Erez Shmueli
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Media Lab, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dan Yamin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Center for Combatting Pandemics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Krueger B, Stutz B, Jankovic N, Alexy U, Kilanowski A, Libuda L, Buyken AE. The association of chronotype and social jet lag with body composition in German students: The role of physical activity behaviour and the impact of the pandemic lockdown. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279620. [PMID: 36630357 PMCID: PMC9833523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Young adults with a later chronotype are vulnerable for a discrepancy in sleep rhythm between work- and free days, called social jet lag (SJL). This study analysed (i) chronotype/SJL association with visceral fat/skeletal muscle mass, (ii) the attribution to physical activity behaviour, and (iii) chronotype-specific changes in physical activity behaviour in young adults during the Covid-19 pandemic lockdown. Chronotype and SJL were derived from the Munich-Chrono-Type-Questionnaire in 320 German students (age 18-25 years) from September 2019 to January 2020, 156 of these participated in an online follow-up survey in June 2020. Body composition was assessed by bioimpedance analysis at baseline. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to relate chronotype/SJL to body composition; the contribution of self-reported physical activity was tested by mediation analysis. At baseline, a later chronotype and a larger SJL were associated with a higher visceral fat mass (P<0.05), this relation was notably mediated by the attention to physical activity (P<0.05). Chronotype (P = 0.02) but not SJL (P = 0.87) was inversely associated with skeletal muscle mass. During the pandemic lockdown, chronotype hardly changed, but SJL was reduced. Timing and physical activity behaviour remained in most participants and changes were unrelated to chronotype (all P>0.07). A later chronotype/higher SJL may increase the risk of a higher visceral fat mass even in this relatively healthy sample, which may be partly due to their physical activity behaviour. Despite a reduction in SJL during the pandemic lockdown, later chronotypes did not change their physical activity behaviour more than earlier chronotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Krueger
- Department of Sports and Health, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Bianca Stutz
- Department of Sports and Health, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Nicole Jankovic
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences (IEL), Bonn University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences (IEL), Bonn University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Kilanowski
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lars Libuda
- Department of Sports and Health, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Anette E. Buyken
- Department of Sports and Health, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Higher sensitivity monitoring of reactions to COVID-19 vaccination using smartwatches. NPJ Digit Med 2022; 5:140. [PMID: 36085312 PMCID: PMC9461410 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-022-00683-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 12 billion COVID-19 vaccination shots have been administered as of August 2022, but information from active surveillance about vaccine safety is limited. Surveillance is generally based on self-reporting, making the monitoring process subjective. We study participants in Israel who received their second or third Pfizer BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination. All participants wore a Garmin Vivosmart 4 smartwatch and completed a daily questionnaire via smartphone. We compare post-vaccination smartwatch heart rate data and a Garmin-computed stress measure based on heart rate variability with data from the patient questionnaires. Using a mixed effects panel regression to remove participant-level fixed and random effects, we identify considerable changes in smartwatch measures in the 72 h post-vaccination even among participants who reported no side effects in the questionnaire. Wearable devices were more sensitive than questionnaires in determining when participants returned to baseline levels. We conclude that wearable devices can detect physiological responses following vaccination that may not be captured by patient self-reporting. More broadly, the ubiquity of smartwatches provides an opportunity to gather improved data on patient health, including active surveillance of vaccine safety.
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Mars L, Arroyo R, Ruiz T. Mobility and wellbeing during the covid-19 lockdown. Evidence from Spain. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH. PART A, POLICY AND PRACTICE 2022; 161:107-129. [PMID: 35572809 PMCID: PMC9091320 DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The lockdown of March and April 2020 declared by Spanish authorities in the Valencian Region to bending the Covid-19 curve, caused a drastic reduction of the economic activity and a severe limitation of mobility. People were asked to stay at home as much as possible. Education and administrative centers, as well as restaurants, theaters, sport arenas, etc., were closed. Work at conventional workplaces was prohibited for people who could tele-work, and students were compelled to attend classes on-line. Such limitation of mobility and spending so many time at home, could affect the wellbeing of people. The objective of the present paper is to present a study on the differences on wellbeing according to the mobility of respondents during the lockdown. Information from 1,827 individuals regarding the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs (Autonomy, Competence and Relatedness) and Positive and Negative affect were collected through and web-survey during the first lockdown of the Covid-19 pandemic, together with mobility data and sociodemographic characteristics. Mann-Whitney U tests, Confirmatory Factor Analyses and Structural Equation models are used to find out differences in the wellbeing of people according to their mobility characteristics during the first lockdown, and how these mobility characteristics are associated to the psychological variables studied. Mobility of people during the first lockdown reduced drastically, especially the youngest ones, and the main travel mode was walking. In general, the youngest participants in this research and females present lower values of the psychological wellbeing variables during the lockdown. A very low or very high degree of mobility is also associated to discomfort, although the more time spent traveling the better people feel. Those who walked more are related to lower values of wellbeing. Some lessons are learned to improve transport and mobility planning during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomás Ruiz
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
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Mofaz M, Yechezkel M, Guan G, Brandeau ML, Patalon T, Gazit S, Yamin D, Shmueli E. Self-Reported and Physiologic Reactions to Third BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 (Booster) Vaccine Dose. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:1375-1383. [PMID: 35654410 PMCID: PMC9239876 DOI: 10.3201/eid2807.212330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive technological advances in recent years, objective and continuous assessment of physiologic measures after vaccination is rarely performed. We conducted a prospective observational study to evaluate short-term self-reported and physiologic reactions to the booster BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer-BioNTech, https://www.pfizer.com) vaccine dose. A total of 1,609 participants were equipped with smartwatches and completed daily questionnaires through a dedicated mobile application. The extent of systemic reactions reported after the booster dose was similar to that of the second dose and considerably greater than that of the first dose. Analyses of objective heart rate and heart rate variability measures recorded by smartwatches further supported this finding. Subjective and objective reactions after the booster dose were more apparent in younger participants and in participants who did not have underlying medical conditions. Our findings further support the safety of the booster dose from subjective and objective perspectives and underscore the need for integrating wearables in clinical trials.
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Gepner Y, Mofaz M, Oved S, Yechezkel M, Constantini K, Goldstein N, Eisenkraft A, Shmueli E, Yamin D. Utilizing wearable sensors for continuous and highly-sensitive monitoring of reactions to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2022; 2:27. [PMID: 35603274 PMCID: PMC9053261 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical trial guidelines for assessing the safety of vaccines, are primarily based on self-reported questionnaires. Despite the tremendous technological advances in recent years, objective, continuous assessment of physiological measures post-vaccination is rarely performed. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study during the mass vaccination campaign in Israel. 160 participants >18 years who were not previously found to be COVID-19 positive and who received the BNT162b2 COVID-19 (Pfizer BioNTech) vaccine were equipped with an FDA-approved chest-patch sensor and a dedicated mobile application. The chest-patch sensor continuously monitored 13 different cardiovascular, and hemodynamic vitals: heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate variability, stroke volume, cardiac output, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance and skin temperature. The mobile application collected daily self-reported questionnaires on local and systemic reactions. Results We identify continuous and significant changes following vaccine administration in nearly all vitals. Markedly, these changes are observed even in presumably asymptomatic participants who did not report any local or systemic reaction. Changes in vitals are more apparent at night, in younger participants, and in participants following the second vaccine dose. Conclusion the considerably higher sensitivity of wearable sensors can revolutionize clinical trials by enabling earlier identification of abnormal reactions with fewer subjects. The safety of vaccines in clinical trials is primarily determined by participants completing self-reported questionnaires. We monitored various indicators of participant’s health using a chest-patch sensor in 160 participants before and after receiving the BNT162b2 COVID-19 (Pfizer BioNTech) vaccine. Participants were also asked to self-report their health via a mobile phone app. We observed significant changes in health indicators following vaccine administration. Changes were seen by chest patch sensor in both participants who did and did not report changes via the mobile phone app. Three days following vaccination, participant health indicators returned to the levels observed the day before vaccination in both groups. Using wearable sensors could potentially improve clinical trials by enabling earlier identification of abnormal reactions. Gepner et al. undertake a prospective observational study using a chest-patch sensor to monitor cardiovascular and hemodynamic vital signs following the BNT162b2 COVID-19 (Pfizer BioNTech) vaccine. Continuous and significant changes occurred in the vital signs, including in participants who did not report any reactions.
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Lan A, Kotler D, Kronfeld-Schor N, Stukalin Y, Einat H. Changes in sleep patterns of college students in Israel during COVID-19 lockdown, a sleep diaries study. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2022; 20:309-314. [PMID: 35035287 PMCID: PMC8744381 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-021-00371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To prevent and reduce the spread of COVID-19, governments around the world apply social restrictions and lockdowns. Such lockdowns significantly alter daily routine and habits. A growing body of research indicates that lockdowns affect sleep and circadian rhythms. The current study further explores this effect using sleep logs for a relatively long duration including lockdown and post-lockdown periods in Israel. For two consecutive months, both during lockdown and during post-lockdown periods, from March 13th, 2020 to May 12th, 2020, Israeli students were asked to fill out daily sleep logs in which they report their sleep and wake times. The participants were also asked to fill out the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) in the beginning of the study. Data show increase in sleep duration and a delayed midsleep point during lockdown, compared to post-lockdown periods, both on workdays and on weekends. An interaction between chronotype and lockdown was also observed; morning types sleep more both during lockdown and during post-lockdown periods. Interestingly, the midsleep point of late chronotypes is later during both workdays and weekends even during lockdown when social constrains on sleep time are in part removed. Overall, the current results based on detailed and relatively long-term sleep logs analysis confirm previous work using limited measures, such as one-time questionnaires. A lockdown period affects sleep–wake behavior: during lockdown people sleep duration is increased and their sleep onset is delayed. Nevertheless, the circadian preference of individuals is conserved across conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Lan
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Tel-Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, 10 Rabenu Yeruham St., Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Danielle Kotler
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Tel-Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, 10 Rabenu Yeruham St., Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Yelena Stukalin
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Tel-Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, 10 Rabenu Yeruham St., Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Haim Einat
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Tel-Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, 10 Rabenu Yeruham St., Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Sleep during "lockdown" highlighted the need to rethink the concept of weekend catch-up sleep. Sleep Breath 2021; 26:2001-2007. [PMID: 34800246 PMCID: PMC8605471 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-021-02492-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Many people believe in their ability to sleep for longer time on weekends to make up for sleep lost due to early wakeups on weekdays. This widely held belief was not supported by the simulations of rise- and bedtimes on weekdays and weekends with a sleep–wake regulating model. The simulations suggested the inability to extend sleep on any of two weekend nights and they predicted identical weekend sleep durations for weeks with relatively earlier and relatively later weekday risetimes. By April 2020, about half of the world’s population was under some form of “lockdown” due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This “lockdown” provided a new opportunity to demonstrate the predictive power of the sleep–wake regulating models. Therefore, the purpose of this report was to support the prediction of identity of weekend sleep durations after weeks with earlier and later weekday wakeups. Methods Weekend and weekday rise- and bedtimes before and during “lockdown” for 31 samples were taken from recent journal publications. Time in bed on weekends and 12 other measures of sleep duration and timing were calculated and simulated. Results For only one of 13 measures, weekend time in bed, statistical analysis did not yield a statistically significant difference between the estimates obtained before and during “lockdown”. The model-based simulations pointed to the 0.3-h delay of the sleep–wake cycle in response to the 1-h delay of weekday risetime during “lockdown”. Conclusion The model-based prediction was confirmed, thus, highlighting again the necessity to rethink the concept of weekend catch-up sleep. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11325-021-02492-z.
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