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Stutz B, Krueger B, Goletzke J, Jankovic N, Alexy U, Herder C, Dierkes J, Berg-Beckhoff G, Jakobsmeyer R, Reinsberger C, Buyken AE. Glycemic response to meals with a high glycemic index differs between morning and evening: a randomized cross-over controlled trial among students with early or late chronotype. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03372-4. [PMID: 38605233 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glycemic response to the same meal depends on daytime and alignment of consumption with the inner clock, which has not been examined by individual chronotype yet. This study examined whether the 2-h postprandial and 24-h glycemic response to a meal with high glycemic index (GI) differ when consumed early or late in the day among students with early or late chronotype. METHODS From a screening of 327 students aged 18-25 years, those with early (n = 22) or late (n = 23) chronotype participated in a 7-day randomized controlled cross-over intervention study. After a 3-day observational phase, standardized meals were provided on run-in/washout (days 4 and 6) and intervention (days 5 and 7), on which participants received a high GI meal (GI = 72) in the morning (7 a.m.) or in the evening (8 p.m.). All other meals had a medium GI. Continuous glucose monitoring was used to measure 2-h postprandial and 24-h glycemic responses and their variability. RESULTS Among students with early chronotype 2-h postprandial glucose responses to the high GI meal were higher in the evening than in the morning (iAUC: 234 (± 92) vs. 195 (± 91) (mmol/L) × min, p = 0.042). Likewise, mean and lowest 2-h postprandial glucose values were higher when the high GI meal was consumed in the evening (p < 0.001; p = 0.017). 24-h glycemic responses were similar irrespective of meal time. Participants with late chronotype consuming a high GI meal in the morning or evening showed similar 2-h postprandial (iAUC: 211 (± 110) vs. 207 (± 95) (mmol/L) × min, p = 0.9) and 24-h glycemic responses at both daytimes. CONCLUSIONS Diurnal differences in response to a high GI meal are confined to those young adults with early chronotype, whilst those with a late chronotype seem vulnerable to both very early and late high GI meals. Registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04298645; 22/01/2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Stutz
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Bettina Krueger
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Janina Goletzke
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Nicole Jankovic
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, DONALD Study Centre, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, DONALD Study Centre, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jutta Dierkes
- Department of Clinical Medicine Center, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gabriele Berg-Beckhoff
- The Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Jakobsmeyer
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Sports Medicine, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Claus Reinsberger
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Sports Medicine, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Anette E Buyken
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany.
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Perrar I, Alexy U, Nöthlings U. Cohort profile update-overview of over 35 years of research in the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:727-740. [PMID: 38151532 PMCID: PMC10948456 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide an update on the cohort profile of the DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study, including objectives, study design, methods and description of the comprehensive data pool, as well as to summarize the most important research findings of recent years. METHODS In 1985, the open (dynamic) cohort started to collect information on diet, growth, development, and metabolism of healthy children and adolescents in Dortmund, Germany. Detailed data are collected annually during infancy, childhood, and adolescence of the participants, including a 3-day weighed dietary record, a 24-h urine sample, anthropometric and medical examinations as well as interviews on lifestyle. RESULTS Even if the basic examination modules have not changed since the start over 35 years ago, the DONALD study has been continuously further developed by introducing new modules. As such, participants are also invited for follow-up examinations during adulthood since 2005, including an additional fasting blood withdrawal. Overall, 2375 (♂: 1177; ♀: 1198) participants were recruited in the DONALD study between 1985 and 2022. Data from ~ 30,700 anthropometric measurements, ~ 19,200 dietary records, ~ 10,600 24-h urine and ~ 1300 blood samples are available from an observation period of over 35 years. CONCLUSION The DONALD study provides a large data pool for longitudinal studies on nutrition, growth, and health in childhood and adolescence, its impact on the development of diseases in early adult life as well as dietary intake trends over more than three decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Perrar
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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Hohoff E, Jankovic N, Perrar I, Schnermann M, Herder C, Nöthlings U, Libuda L, Alexy U. The association between dairy intake in adolescents on inflammation and risk markers of type 2 diabetes during young adulthood: results of the DONALD study. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e91. [PMID: 38477143 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this analysis was to investigate whether habitual intake of total dairy (TD) or different dairy types (liquid, solid, fermented, non-fermented, low-fat, high-fat, low-sugar and high-sugar dairy) during adolescence is associated with biomarkers of low-grade inflammation as well as risk factors of type 2 diabetes in young adulthood. DESIGN Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to investigate prospective associations between estimated TD intake as well as intake of different types of dairy and a pro-inflammatory score, based on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL-6, IL-18, leptin and adiponectin, and insulin resistance assessed as Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance in an open-cohort study. SETTING Dortmund, Germany. PARTICIPANTS Data from participants (n 375) of the DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study were included, for whom at least two 3-d weighed dietary records during adolescence (median age: 11 years) and one blood sample in young adulthood (>18 years) were available. RESULTS There was no statistically significant association between TD intake or intake of any dairy type and the pro-inflammatory score (all P > 0·05). TD intake as well as each dairy type intake and insulin resistance also showed no association (all P > 0·05). CONCLUSIONS The habitual intake of dairy or individual types of dairy during adolescence does not seem to have a major impact on low-grade systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in the long term. There was no indication regarding a restriction of dairy intake for healthy children and adolescents in terms of diabetes risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hohoff
- Department of Nutritional and Food Sciences - Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nicole Jankovic
- Department of Nutritional and Food Sciences - Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ines Perrar
- Department of Nutritional and Food Sciences - Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Maike Schnermann
- Department of Nutritional and Food Sciences - Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Department of Nutritional and Food Sciences - Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lars Libuda
- Department of Sports and Health - Institute of Nutrition, Consum and Health - Nutritional Science, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Department of Nutritional and Food Sciences - Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, Dortmund, Germany
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Jankovic N, Schmitting S, Stutz B, Krüger B, Buyken A, Alexy U. Alignment between timing of 'highest caloric intake' and chronotype in relation to body composition during adolescence: the DONALD Study. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:253-265. [PMID: 37863858 PMCID: PMC10799146 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03259-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our aim was to assess alignment in timing of 'highest caloric intake' with individual chronotype and its association with body composition in adolescents. METHODS We used repeatedly collected data from n = 196 adolescents (age 9-16 years, providing N = 401 yearly questionnaires) of the DONALD open cohort study. Chronotype was assessed by the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire from which midpoint of sleep (MSFsc) was derived. A sex- and age-specific diet-chrono-alignment score (DCAS) was calculated as the difference in hours between the chronotype-specific median timing of highest caloric intake of the studied population and the individual timing of 'highest caloric intake' or vice versa. Repeated-measures regression models were applied to study cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the DCAS and body composition, e.g., Fat Mass Index (FMI) or Fat Free Mass Index (FFMI). RESULTS DCAS ranged from -6:42 h to + 8:01 h and was not associated with body composition. Among adolescents with a later chronotype (N = 201) a 1 h increase in DCAS (later consumption of 'highest caloric intake' in comparison to the median intake of that group), increased FFMI by 1.92 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.15, 3.69, p value = 0.04) over a median follow-up of 0.94 year. CONCLUSION Alignment of energy intake with individual chronotype appears beneficial for FFMI among those with a late chronotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Jankovic
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, DONALD Study, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Heinstück 11, 44225, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Sarah Schmitting
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, DONALD Study, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Heinstück 11, 44225, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bianca Stutz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Bettina Krüger
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Anette Buyken
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, DONALD Study, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Heinstück 11, 44225, Dortmund, Germany
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Burgard L, Jansen S, Spiegler C, Brettschneider AK, Straßburg A, Alexy U, Storcksdieck genannt Bonsmann S, Ensenauer R, Heuer T. Unfavorable nutrient intakes in children up to school entry age: results from the nationwide German KiESEL study. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1302323. [PMID: 38323223 PMCID: PMC10844530 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1302323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nutrition in the first years of life is a cornerstone for child development and long-term health, yet there is a lack of current data on energy and nutrient intake among toddlers and preschoolers in Germany. Objective To analyze energy and nutrient intake in toddlers (1- to 2-year-olds) and preschoolers (3- to 5-year-olds) in Germany and compare the results with the Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) by the European Food Safety Authority. Design Dietary intake was assessed by weighed food record data (3 + 1 day) of 890 children from the representative cross-sectional Children's Nutrition Survey to Record Food Consumption (KiESEL), carried out in 2014-2017 as a module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents Wave 2. For the calculation of energy and nutrient intake, the German Nutrient Database BLS 3.02, LEBTAB, and a supplement database were used. Results Median intakes of energy and most nutrients met or exceeded the DRVs in both toddlers and preschoolers. However, low intakes relative to DRVs were found for vitamin D (6-9% of DRV, including supplements) and iodine (57-65% of DRV). Age specific downward deviations were observed for iron intake in toddlers (75% of DRV) and for calcium intake in preschoolers (67-77% of DRV). In contrast, intakes were high for saturated fatty acids (SFA) (14-16 E%), mono-/disaccharides (60-87 g/day), and protein [2.1-2.6 g/(kg body weight*day)]. Conclusion Nutrient imbalances in toddlers and preschoolers in Germany, which are partly age-related, give rise to concern. Research is needed to determine if routine vitamin D supplementation should be extended beyond infancy. Public health efforts to increase the rate of use of iodized salt and to reduce the intake of SFA and mono-/disaccharides in children's diets are to be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Burgard
- Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) – Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sara Jansen
- Department of Child Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) – Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Clarissa Spiegler
- Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) – Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna-Kristin Brettschneider
- Department of Child Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) – Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrea Straßburg
- Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) – Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Regina Ensenauer
- Department of Child Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) – Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thorsten Heuer
- Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) – Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Schnermann ME, Nöthlings U, Alexy U. Empirically derived portion sizes from the DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study for 4- to 18-year-old children and adolescents to simplify analysis of dietary data using FFQ. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e49. [PMID: 38258517 PMCID: PMC10882525 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002400017x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To apply FFQ, knowledge about portion sizes is relevant. According to increased energy and nutrient requirements, average portion sizes of foods are supposed to increase during growth. We provide empirically derived portion sizes for 4- to 18-year-olds in different age groups to facilitate analyses of FFQ data in children and adolescents. DESIGN Using data from the dynamic DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed cohort study, quantile regression for smoothing percentiles was used to derive portion sizes as a function of age from which age- and food group-specific portion sizes were calculated as median food group intake (g). SETTING Dortmund, Germany. PARTICIPANTS Data from 3-day weighed dietary records (WDR) of 1,325 participants (♀: 653) were analysed. Participants provided in total 9,828 WDR (on average 7·5 per participant) between 1985 and 2022. WDR were grouped into five age groups, whereby each age group covered 3 years of age. RESULTS In total, 11 955 food items were reported and categorised into sixteen major food groups with seventy-one sub-groups. Portion sizes tended to increase with age, except for milk- and plant-based alternatives. Comparing 4- to 6-year-olds to 16- to 18-year-olds, portion size increased between 22·2 % (processed meat: 18 g v. 22 g) and 173·3 % (savoury snacks: 15 g v. 41 g). CONCLUSION We provide empirically derived portion sizes for children and adolescents. These data are useful to establish dietary assessment methods based on estimates of portion sizes, such as FFQ, for children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Elena Schnermann
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115Bonn, Germany
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Duran I, Wloka KR, Martakis K, Spiess K, Alexy U, Schoenau E. Multivariable reference centiles for maximum grip strength in childhood to young adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023:10.1038/s41430-023-01395-4. [PMID: 38158405 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Maximum grip strength (mGS) is a useful predictor of health-related outcomes in children and adults. The aim of the study was to generate sex- and age-adjusted reference centiles for mGS for children, adolescents and young adults, while adjusting for body height and body mass index (BMI). METHODS A retrospective analysis of longitudinal data from children and young adults participating in the DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study (single center, open cohort study) from 2004 to 2022 was conducted. To generate sex-, age-, height- and BMI-adjusted reference centiles, a new algorithm combining multiple linear regression and the LMS method was conducted. RESULTS Overall, 3325 measurements of mGS of 465 females and 511 males were eligible. The mean age at measurement of females was 12.6 ± 3.9 years, mean age of males was 12.4 ± 4.7 years. The median of number of repeated measurements per individual was 3 (range 1-8). The mGS was significantly (p < 0.001) correlated to body height and BMI (r = 0.303-0.432). Additional reference centiles for the change of z-scores of mGS were generated for children and young adults from 8 to 20 years. CONCLUSIONS We proposed to evaluate mGS in children, adolescents and young adults with the presented reference centiles adjusted to sex, age, height and BMI. The method presented may also be applicable to other biological variables that depend more than just on sex and age. For the first time, also reference centiles to assess the change of mGS in repeated measurements were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Duran
- University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation, UniReha, Cologne, Germany.
- University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Kim Ramona Wloka
- University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation, UniReha, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kyriakos Martakis
- University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital and Medical Faculty, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karoline Spiess
- University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation, UniReha, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Eckhard Schoenau
- University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation, UniReha, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Cologne, Germany
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Klemm J, Perrar I, Borgemeister C, Alexy U, Nöthlings U. Place of Residence Is Associated with Dietary Intake and BMI-SDS in Children and Adolescents: Findings from the DONALD Cohort Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 21:46. [PMID: 38248511 PMCID: PMC10815849 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to determine whether place of residence in the German urban food environment is associated with habitual dietary intake (energy, macronutrients, and food groups) and body mass index (standard deviation score of BMI and BMI-SDS). Our hypothesis was that place of residence may explain some variation in dietary intake and nutritional outcomes. For the cross-sectional analyses of DONALD study data, we grouped participants according to their geocoded residence in the north or south of Dortmund. We applied robust multi-level mixed effects regression models using residence as a predictor and (1) BMI-SDS or (2) dietary data (daily intake of energy (kcal), macronutrients (energy percentage), or food groups (g/1000 kcal)) as the outcome. Models were adjusted for age, sex, and household socio-economic status. An analysis was carried out on 1267 anthropometric measurements collected annually from 360 participants aged 6-18 years (935 3-day weighed dietary records from 292 participants) between 2014 and 2019. In the fully adjusted models, residence in the south was associated with a lower BMI-SDS (β = -0.42, p = 0.02), lower intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (β = -47.00, p = 0.04), and higher intake of vegetables (β = 11.13, p = 0.04). Findings suggest that the place of residence, beyond individuals' socio-economic statuses, may be a contributing factor to dietary quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janosch Klemm
- Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Genscherallee 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Ines Perrar
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences (IEL), Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (I.P.); (U.A.); (U.N.)
| | - Christian Borgemeister
- Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Genscherallee 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Ute Alexy
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences (IEL), Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (I.P.); (U.A.); (U.N.)
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences (IEL), Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (I.P.); (U.A.); (U.N.)
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Martakis K, Alexy U, Stark C, Hahn A, Rawer R, Duran I, Schönau E. Jumping Mechanography: Reference Centiles in Childhood and Introduction of the Nerve-Muscle Index to Quantify Motor Efficiency. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5984. [PMID: 37762925 PMCID: PMC10531761 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Jumping mechanography provides robust motor function indicators among children. The study aim was to develop centiles for the single 2-leg jump (S2LJ) in German children and adolescents and to identify differences in children with obesity. Data were collected in 2004-2021 through the German DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study. All participants (6-18 years, mean age 11.4) performed annually an S2LJ aiming for maximum height on a Ground Reaction Force Platform. LMS (lambda-mu-sigma), including resampling, was used to develop centiles for velocity (vmax), jump height (hmax), relative force (Fmax/BW), relative power (Pmax/mass), impulse asymmetry and a new parameter to describe jump efficiency, the Nerve-Muscle Index (NMI), defined as vmax/(Fmax/BW). Data from 882 children and adolescents were analyzed (3062 measurements, median 3 per individual). In females, Fmax/BW values were higher in younger age but remained constant in adolescence. vmax, hmax and Pmax/mass increased in childhood, reaching a plateau in adolescence. In males, vmax, hmax and Pmax/mass showed a constant increase and the Fmax/BW remained lower. Children with obesity showed lower Fmax/BW, hmax, vmax and the NMI, hence, lower velocity per relative force unit and less efficient jump. The centiles should be used to monitor motor development in childhood. The NMI is a surrogate for motor efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos Martakis
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (K.M.)
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Feulgen Str. 10-12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Nutritional and Food Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Christina Stark
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Feulgen Str. 10-12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Ibrahim Duran
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (K.M.)
- Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation, UniReha, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Lindenburger Allee 44, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Eckhard Schönau
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (K.M.)
- Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation, UniReha, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Lindenburger Allee 44, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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10
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Perrar I, Alexy U, Jankovic N. Chronobiological changes due to school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents in the DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed cohort study. Eur J Pediatr 2023:10.1007/s00431-023-04963-9. [PMID: 37032380 PMCID: PMC10088594 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-04963-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to the lockdown of schools as one of the COVID-19 control measures, adolescents have had the opportunity to re-organise their daily lives; e.g. some of them have adapted their bedtimes to the new situation during the lockdown in favour of their own chronotype. Hence, we investigated differences in chronobiological characteristics (e.g., the midpoint of sleep, sleep duration or social jetlag (SJL); i.e., a discrepancy between biological and social timing) before and during the pandemic lockdown to examine potential changes. We asked participants from the ongoing open cohort Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study to fill out the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire during the COVID-19 lockdown and received the information of participants (n = 66) during the pandemic. A reference group matched for age, season, and sex was randomly selected from the DONALD study to assess participants' chronobiological characteristics prior to (n = 132) the pandemic. Analyses of covariance were applied to examine differences between the two groups reflecting the situation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were aged 9-18 years (52% males). In the current examination, average sleep duration across the week was higher among adolescents during the pandemic (β = 00:30; p = 0.0006) and social jetlag was significantly lower (β = -00:39; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Our results showed that the COVID-19 lockdown enabled adolescents to adapt their sleeping habits according to their naturally late chronotype, which led to a significant reduction in SJL. These observations are likely to be explained by the effect of school closure. WHAT IS KNOWN • Under 'normal conditions' without pandemic lockdowns, adolescents accumulate a lack of sleep due to social obligations such as school starts, resulting in social jetlag. • A late chronotype or exposure to social jetlag is a known risk factor for the development of chronic diseases. WHAT IS NEW • The COVID-19 lockdown represents a 'natural experiment' that enables adolescents to adhere to their internal biological clock. Without the usual social obligations, social jetlag can be significantly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Perrar
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, University of Bonn, Heinstück 11, 44225, Dortmund, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, University of Bonn, Heinstück 11, 44225, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nicole Jankovic
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, University of Bonn, Heinstück 11, 44225, Dortmund, Germany.
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11
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Muli S, Brachem C, Alexy U, Schmid M, Oluwagbemigun K, Nöthlings U. Exploring the association of physical activity with the plasma and urine metabolome in adolescents and young adults. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:23. [PMID: 37020289 PMCID: PMC10074825 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00742-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular physical activity elicits many health benefits. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms through which physical activity influences overall health are less understood. Untargeted metabolomics enables system-wide mapping of molecular perturbations which may lend insights into physiological responses to regular physical activity. In this study, we investigated the associations of habitual physical activity with plasma and urine metabolome in adolescents and young adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study included participants from the DONALD (DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed) study with plasma samples n = 365 (median age: 18.4 (18.1, 25.0) years, 58% females) and 24 h urine samples n = 215 (median age: 18.1 (17.1, 18.2) years, 51% females). Habitual physical activity was assessed using a validated Adolescent Physical Activity Recall Questionnaire. Plasma and urine metabolite concentrations were determined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS) methods. In a sex-stratified analysis, we conducted principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensionality of metabolite data and to create metabolite patterns. Multivariable linear regression models were then applied to assess the associations between self-reported physical activity (metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-hours per week) with single metabolites and metabolite patterns, adjusted for potential confounders and controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) at 5% for each set of regressions. RESULTS Habitual physical activity was positively associated with the "lipid, amino acids and xenometabolite" pattern in the plasma samples of male participants only (β = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.04, p = 0.001, adjusted p = 0.042). In both sexes, no association of physical activity with single metabolites in plasma and urine and metabolite patterns in urine was found (all adjusted p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our explorative study suggests that habitual physical activity is associated with alterations of a group of metabolites reflected in the plasma metabolite pattern in males. These perturbations may lend insights into some of underlying mechanisms that modulate effects of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Muli
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch- Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Christian Brachem
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch- Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch- Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kolade Oluwagbemigun
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch- Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch- Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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12
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Vinoy S, Goletzke J, Rakhshandehroo M, Schweitzer L, Flourakis M, Körner A, Alexy U, van Schothorst EM, Ceriello A, Zakrzewski-Fruer JK, Buyken A. Health relevance of lowering postprandial glycaemia in the paediatric population through diet': results from a multistakeholder workshop. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1093-1107. [PMID: 36534178 PMCID: PMC10030539 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To summarize current knowledge and gaps regarding the role of postprandial glycaemic response in the paediatric population, a workshop was organized in June 2021 by the European branch of the International Life Science Institute (ILSI). This virtual event comprised of talks given by experts followed by in-depth discussions in breakout sessions with workshop participants. The main pre-specified topics addressed by the workshop organizing committee to the invited speakers and the workshop participants were: (1) the role of glycaemic responses for paediatric health, based on mechanistic insights from animal and human data, and long-term evidence from observational and intervention studies in paediatric populations, and (2) changes in metabolism and changes in dietary needs from infancy to adolescence. Each talk as well as the discussions were summarised, including the main identified research gaps. The workshop led to the consensus on the crucial role on health of postprandial glycaemic response in paediatric population. However, a lack of scientific data has been identified regarding detailed glucose and insulin profiles in response to foods commonly consumed by paediatric populations, as well as a lack of long-term evidence including the need for suitable predictors during childhood and adolescence to anticipate health effects during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Vinoy
- Mondelēz International, Nutrition Research, Clamart, France
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13
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Stutz B, Buyken AE, Schadow AM, Jankovic N, Alexy U, Krueger B. Associations of chronotype and social jetlag with eating jetlag and their changes among German students during the first COVID-19 lockdown. The Chronotype and Nutrition study. Appetite 2023; 180:106333. [PMID: 36202148 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to their biologically later chronotype, young students are vulnerable to a discrepant sleeping pattern between work- and free days, coined social jetlag (SJL). This study examined whether a later chronotype and/or a larger SJL are related to an analogous discrepancy in meal timing defined as eating jetlag (EJL) and whether chronotype and/or changes in SJL during the first COVID-19 related lockdown in Germany associated with changes in EJL. Baseline data were collected from September 2019-January 2020 among 317 students (58% females) aged 18-25 years of which a total of 156 students (67% females) completed an online follow-up survey in June-July 2020 (1st lockdown). Data were collected on daily routines, timing of meals/snacks, and physical activity. Chronotype was determined using the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire; SJL and EJL correspond to the difference in the daily midpoint of sleep/eating duration between work- and free days. Multivariable linear regression revealed that students with a later chronotype or a larger SJL experienced a larger EJL (padjusted = 0.0124 and padjusted<0.0001). A later chronotype at baseline and reductions in SJL during lockdown associated with concurrent reductions in EJL (padjusted = 0.027 and padjusted<0.0001). In conclusion, students with a later chronotype exhibit a more erratic meal pattern, which associates with SJL. During lockdown, flexible daily schedules allowed students to align the meal timing with their inner clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Stutz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - A E Buyken
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany.
| | - A M Schadow
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - N Jankovic
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, DONALD-study Centre, Heinstueck 11, 44225, Dortmund, Germany
| | - U Alexy
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, DONALD-study Centre, Heinstueck 11, 44225, Dortmund, Germany
| | - B Krueger
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
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14
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Krueger B, Stutz B, Jankovic N, Alexy U, Kilanowski A, Libuda L, Buyken AE. The association of chronotype and social jet lag with body composition in German students: The role of physical activity behaviour and the impact of the pandemic lockdown. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279620. [PMID: 36630357 PMCID: PMC9833523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Young adults with a later chronotype are vulnerable for a discrepancy in sleep rhythm between work- and free days, called social jet lag (SJL). This study analysed (i) chronotype/SJL association with visceral fat/skeletal muscle mass, (ii) the attribution to physical activity behaviour, and (iii) chronotype-specific changes in physical activity behaviour in young adults during the Covid-19 pandemic lockdown. Chronotype and SJL were derived from the Munich-Chrono-Type-Questionnaire in 320 German students (age 18-25 years) from September 2019 to January 2020, 156 of these participated in an online follow-up survey in June 2020. Body composition was assessed by bioimpedance analysis at baseline. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to relate chronotype/SJL to body composition; the contribution of self-reported physical activity was tested by mediation analysis. At baseline, a later chronotype and a larger SJL were associated with a higher visceral fat mass (P<0.05), this relation was notably mediated by the attention to physical activity (P<0.05). Chronotype (P = 0.02) but not SJL (P = 0.87) was inversely associated with skeletal muscle mass. During the pandemic lockdown, chronotype hardly changed, but SJL was reduced. Timing and physical activity behaviour remained in most participants and changes were unrelated to chronotype (all P>0.07). A later chronotype/higher SJL may increase the risk of a higher visceral fat mass even in this relatively healthy sample, which may be partly due to their physical activity behaviour. Despite a reduction in SJL during the pandemic lockdown, later chronotypes did not change their physical activity behaviour more than earlier chronotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Krueger
- Department of Sports and Health, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Bianca Stutz
- Department of Sports and Health, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Nicole Jankovic
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences (IEL), Bonn University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences (IEL), Bonn University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Kilanowski
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lars Libuda
- Department of Sports and Health, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Anette E. Buyken
- Department of Sports and Health, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
- * E-mail:
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15
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Hohoff E, Zahn H, Weder S, Fischer M, Längler A, Michalsen A, Keller M, Alexy U. Food Costs of Children and Adolescents Consuming Vegetarian, Vegan or Omnivore Diets: Results of the Cross-Sectional VeChi Youth Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194010. [PMID: 36235662 PMCID: PMC9573339 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to analyse the total food costs and the impact of food groups on total food costs among vegetarian, vegan and omnivore children and adolescents in Germany. Based on three-day weighed dietary records of 6–18-year-old children and adolescents of the VeChi Youth Study, the total daily food costs and food group costs (both EUR/day, EUR/1000 kcal) of a vegetarian (n = 145 records), vegan (n = 110) and omnivore (n = 135) diet were calculated. Minimum retail prices of 1000 empirically selected foods reported in the dietary records were linked to individual food intakes. The group differences were analysed using ANCOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests. Vegans had the highest energy adjusted total food costs at 2.98 EUR/1000 kcal, vegetarians the lowest at 2.52 EUR/1000 kcal. Omnivores also had significantly higher costs than vegetarians with 2.83 EUR/1000 kcal/1000 kcal (p = 0.01), but the total costs did not differ significantly between omnivores and vegans (EUR/d and EUR/1000 kcal). Compared to vegetarians, vegans had significantly higher expenditures (EUR/day) on fruit (p = 0.0003), vegetables (p = 0.006), dairy alternatives (p = 0.0003) and legumes/nuts/seeds (p = 0.0003). Expenditure on starchy foods was significantly higher in the vegetarian or vegan than in the omnivore diet (p = 0.0003). Omnivores spent a quarter of their total food costs on animal source foods (25%), which is equivalent to the sum of food costs for legumes/nuts/seeds, dairy alternatives and meat alternatives in vegans and additionally dairy in vegetarians. The VeChi Youth Study indicated that financial constraints are not necessarily a barrier to switching to a more plant-based diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hohoff
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Nutritional and Food Science, University of Bonn, 44225 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Helena Zahn
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Nutritional and Food Science, University of Bonn, 44225 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stine Weder
- Research Institute of Plant-Based Nutrition, 35444 Gießen/Biebertal, Germany
| | - Morwenna Fischer
- Faculty of Human Resources, Health & Social Work, University of Applied Sciences (FHM), 33602 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alfred Längler
- Faculty of Health, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke, Witten Herdecke University, 58313 Herdecke, Germany
| | - Andreas Michalsen
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Keller
- Research Institute of Plant-Based Nutrition, 35444 Gießen/Biebertal, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Nutritional and Food Science, University of Bonn, 44225 Dortmund, Germany
- Correspondence:
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16
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Abou-Dakn M, Alexy U, Beyer K, Cremer M, Ensenauer R, Flothkötter M, Geene R, Hellmers C, Joisten C, Koletzko B, Mata J, Schiffner U, Somm I, Speck M, Weißenborn A, Wöckel A. Empfehlungen zu Ernährung und Bewegung von Kleinkindern. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-022-01573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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17
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Brachem C, Oluwagbemigun K, Langenau J, Weinhold L, Alexy U, Schmid M, Nöthlings U. Exploring the association between habitual food intake and the urine and blood metabolome in adolescents and young adults: a cohort study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200023. [PMID: 35785518 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Habitual diet may be reflected in metabolite profiles that can improve accurate assessment of dietary exposure and further enhance our understanding of their link to health conditions. We aimed to explore the relationship of habitual food intake with blood and urine metabolites in adolescents and young adults. METHODS The study population comprised 228 participants (94 male and 134 female) of the DONALD study. Dietary intake was assessed by yearly repeated 3d-food records. Habitual diet was estimated as the average consumption of 23 food groups in adolescence. Using an untargeted metabolomics approach, we quantified 2638 metabolites in plasma and 1407 metabolites in urine. In each sex, we determined unique diet-metabolite associations using orthogonal projection to latent structures (oPLS) and random forests (RF). RESULTS We observed 6 metabolites in agreement between oPLS and RF in urine, 1 in females (vanillylmandelate to processed/ other meat) and 5 in males (indole-3-acetamide, and N6-methyladenosine to eggs; hippurate, citraconate/glutaconate, and X - 12111 to vegetables). We observed no association in blood in agreement. CONCLUSION We observed a limited reflection of habitual food group intake by single metabolites in urine and not in blood. The explored biomarkers should be confirmed in additional studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brachem
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kolade Oluwagbemigun
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Langenau
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Leonie Weinhold
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, 44225, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.,Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, 44225, Dortmund, Germany
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18
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Abou-Dakn M, Alexy U, Beyer K, Cremer M, Ensenauer R, Flothkötter M, Geene R, Hellmers C, Joisten C, Koletzko B, Mata J, Schiffner U, Somm I, Speck M, Weißenborn A, Wöckel A. Ernährung und Bewegung im Kleinkindalter. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-022-01519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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19
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Montejano Vallejo R, Schulz CA, van de Locht K, Oluwagbemigun K, Alexy U, Nöthlings U. Associations of Adherence to a Dietary Index Based on the EAT-Lancet Reference Diet with Nutritional, Anthropometric, and Ecological Sustainability Parameters: Results from the German DONALD Cohort Study. J Nutr 2022; 152:1763-1772. [PMID: 35554563 PMCID: PMC9258554 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Validation of the EAT-Lancet reference diet (ELR-diet), recently proposed by the EAT-Lancet Commission, within the context of real-life studies is necessary to elucidate its feasibility, nutritional value, sustainability, and health effects. OBJECTIVES We aimed to develop a dietary index (DI) score to measure adherence to the ELR-diet. We further aimed to study the association between the DI score and 1) nutritional characteristics, 2) indicators of ecological sustainability, and 3) anthropometric markers and biomarkers for cardiometabolic health. METHODS A DI score was constructed by comparing the categories defined by the ELR-diet with the dietary data of 2-5 sets of 3-d weighed dietary records from DONALD (Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinal Designed) study participants (n = 298; ≥15 y of age). Prospective associations between the DI score and risk markers (anthropometric and cardiometabolic) in young adulthood (≥18 y old) were investigated using multivariate linear regression. RESULTS Adherence to the DI score components was considerable (majority > 50%), but varied within the population (2%-100%). The highest tertile of the DI score was inversely associated with the intake of protein (tertile 3 compared with tertile 1: 13.5 compared with 14.5 energy %), added sugars (10.5 compared with 12.4 energy %), and cholesterol (100 compared with 116 mg/1000 kcal), but positively associated with fiber intake (10.0 compared with 8.82 g/1000 kcal) (all P < 0.05). The DI score was inversely associated with greenhouse-gas emissions (tertile 1 compared with tertile 3: 6.48 compared with 5.85 kg of carbon dioxide equivalents/2500 kcal; P < 0.001) and land use (8.24 compared with 7.16 m2 × y/2500 kcal; P < 0.001). Inverse associations between the DI score and anthropometric markers during young adulthood were observed (e.g., BMI: tertile 1 compared with tertile 3: 22.9 compared with 21.9 kg/m2; P = 0.03) (all P < 0.05). No associations between the DI score and cardiometabolic risk markers were found (all P ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Adherence to the ELR-diet was associated with favorable nutritional characteristics and reduced environmental impact. Adherence to the DI score in adolescence was also beneficial with respect to anthropometric markers in early adulthood, although not for further cardiometabolic risk markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Montejano Vallejo
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Karen van de Locht
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kolade Oluwagbemigun
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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20
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Perrar I, Alexy U, Jankovic N. Changes in Total Energy, Nutrients and Food Group Intake among Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic-Results of the DONALD Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020297. [PMID: 35057478 PMCID: PMC8778042 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic may have changed the habitual lifestyles of children and adolescents, in particular, due to the closure of kindergartens and schools. To investigate the impact of the pandemic on nutrients and food intake of children and adolescents in Germany, we analyzed repeated 3-day weighed dietary records from 108 participants (3–18 years; females: n = 45, males: n = 63) of the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study. Polynomial mixed-effects regression models were used to identify prospective changes in dietary intake (total energy (TEI), carbohydrates, fat, protein, free sugar, ultra-processed foods, fruits and vegetables, sugar sweetened beverages and juices) before and during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. For the current analysis, we have chosen the first months of the pandemic (March 2020–August 2020), as this was the period with the most restrictions in Germany so far (kindergarten, school and restaurant closures; contact and outdoor activity restrictions). No significant changes in either the selected nutrients or food groups were observed. However, children and adolescents recorded a significantly lower TEI during the pandemic (β = −109.65, p = 0.0062). Results remained significant after the exclusion of participants with under-reported records (β = −95.77, p = 0.0063). While macronutrient intake did not change, descriptive data indicate a non-significant decrease in sugar sweetened beverages and ultra-processed foods intake. We suggest that children and adolescents from high socioeconomic families may have adapted lifestyle changes during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Perrar
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany; (U.A.); (N.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ute Alexy
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany; (U.A.); (N.J.)
| | - Nicole Jankovic
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany; (U.A.); (N.J.)
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Schnermann ME, Schulz CA, Ludwig C, Alexy U, Nöthlings U. A lifestyle score in childhood and adolescence was positively associated with subsequently measured fluid intelligence in the DONALD cohort study. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3719-3729. [PMID: 35704086 PMCID: PMC9464141 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02921-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lifestyle scores which combine single factors such as diet, activity, or sleep duration showed associations with cognitive decline in adults. However, the role of a favourable lifestyle in younger age and the build-up of cognitive reserve is less clear, which is why we investigated longitudinal associations between a lifestyle score in childhood and adolescence and fluid intelligence obtained on average 6 years later. METHODS In the DONALD cohort, a lifestyle score of 0 to 4 points including healthy diet and duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep was repeatedly assessed in participants aged 5 and 19 years. Data on fluid intelligence were assessed via a German version of the culture fair intelligence test (CFT), using CFT 1-R in children 8.5 years of age or younger (n = 62) or CFT 20-R in participants older than 8.5 years (n = 192). Multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate prospective associations between the lifestyle score and the fluid intelligence score. RESULTS Mean lifestyle score of all participants was 2.2 (0.7-4) points. A one-point increase in the lifestyle score was associated with a higher fluid intelligence score (4.8 points [0.3-7.3], p = 0.0343) for participants completing the CFT 20-R. Furthermore, each additional hour of sedentary behaviour was associated with a lower fluid intelligence score (- 3.0 points [- 5.7 to - 0.3], p = 0.0313). For younger participants (CFT 1-R), no association was found in any analysis (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION A healthy lifestyle was positively associated with fluid intelligence, whereby sedentary behaviour itself seemed to play a prominent role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Elena Schnermann
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina-Alexandra Schulz
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine Ludwig
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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22
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Hohoff E, Perrar I, Jankovic N, Alexy U. Dairy intake and long-term body weight status in German children and adolescents: results from the DONALD study. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:1087-1096. [PMID: 34718860 PMCID: PMC8854286 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02715-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To analyse the association between intake of total dairy (TD) and types of dairy [liquid dairy (LD), solid dairy (SD), low-fat dairy (LFD), high-fat dairy (HFD), high sugar dairy (HSD), low-sugar dairy (LSD), not fermented dairy (NFD), as well as fermented dairy (FD)] and long-term changes in body weight status and composition among children and adolescents in Germany. Methods In total, 9999 3-day dietary records collected between 1985 and 2019 by 1126 participants (3.5–18.5 years; boys: 50.8%) of the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study were analysed. Polynomial mixed-effects regression models were used to examine whether changes (median follow-up: 9 years) in the intake of TD and dairy types (in 100 g/1000 kcal total energy intake) were associated with changes in body-mass-index-standard-deviation-score (BMI-SDS); fat mass index (FMI); fat-free mass index (FFMI) over time. Results An individual increase in TD intake was slightly but significantly associated with an increase in BMI-SDS (β = 0.0092; p = 0.0371), FMI (β = 0.022; p = 0.0162), and FFMI (β = 0.0156; p = 0.0417) after adjustment for potential confounder. Analyses for LD (BMI-SDS: β = 0.0139; p = 0.0052; FMI: β = 0.0258; p = 0.0125; FFMI: β = 0.0239; p = 0.0052) and LSD intake (BMI-SDS: β = 0.0132; p = 0.0041, FMI: β = 0.02; p = 0.0316, FFMI: β = 0.0183; p = 0.0189) showed similar results to TD. Both processing method and fat content showed no association with body composition in our analyses. Conclusion Increases in TD, LD, and LSD intake showed small but significant increases in BMI and concomitant increases in fat mass and lean mass. However, the observed changes were too small to expect biological or physiological meaningful effects. Overall, our results showed that policies to promote dairy intake in childhood are to be welcomed, as no negative effects on body composition are expected, while the intake of important nutrients for growth is ensured. The type of dairy does not seem to matter. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02715-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hohoff
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, 44225, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ines Perrar
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, 44225, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nicole Jankovic
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, 44225, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, 44225, Dortmund, Germany.
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Koch SAJ, Conrad J, Cade JE, Weinhold L, Alexy U, Nöthlings U. Validation of the web-based self-administered 24-h dietary recall myfood24-Germany: comparison with a weighed dietary record and biomarkers. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4069-4082. [PMID: 33974128 PMCID: PMC8437850 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to validate myfood24-Germany, a web-based 24-h dietary recall (24HDR), by comparing its performance with a weighed dietary record (WDR) and biomarkers. METHODS 97 adults (77% female) completed a 3-day WDR with a 24-h urine collection on day 3, followed by at least one 24HDR with myfood24-Germany (corresponding to day 3 of the WDR). Intake of energy and 32 nutrients assessed by myfood24-Germany and the WDR for the same day were compared (method comparison). Intakes of protein and potassium assessed by myfood24-Germany/WDR were compared with intake estimated from urinary biomarkers for protein and potassium (biomarker comparison). RESULTS In the method comparison, significant correlations were found for energy and all tested nutrients (range 0.45-0.87). There was no significant difference between both methods in the assessed mean energy and macronutrient intake. However, myfood24-Germany underestimated mean intake of 15 nutrients. In the biomarker comparison, protein intake reported by myfood24-Germany/WDR was on average 10%/8% lower than estimated by biomarker. There was no significant difference in mean potassium intake assessed by myfood24-Germany/WDR and biomarker. However, a shared bias in the assessment of potassium intake was observed for both instruments. Concordance correlation coefficients (pc) and weighted Kappa coefficients (κ) confirmed good agreement with the biomarker estimates for myfood24-Germany/WDR in case of protein (pc = 0.58/0.66, κ = 0.51/0.53) and moderate agreement in case of potassium (pc = 0.44/0.51; κ = 0.30/0.33). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that myfood24-Germany is of comparable validity to traditional dietary assessment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie A J Koch
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Johanna Conrad
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Science Department, German Nutrition Society, Bonn, Germany
| | - Janet E Cade
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Leonie Weinhold
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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24
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Perrar I, Buyken AE, Penczynski KJ, Remer T, Kuhnle GG, Herder C, Roden M, Della Corte K, Nöthlings U, Alexy U. Relevance of fructose intake in adolescence for fatty liver indices in young adulthood. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3029-3041. [PMID: 33464363 PMCID: PMC8354997 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the association between fructose intake in adolescence and fatty liver indices (hepatic steatosis index (HSI), fatty liver index (FLI)) in young adulthood. METHODS Overall, 246 participants of the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study who had a fasting blood sample in adulthood (18-36 years), at least two 3-day weighed dietary records for calculating fructose intakes and other fructose-containing sugars (total (TS), free (FS), added sugar (AS)) as well as two complete 24-h urine samples for calculating sugar excretion (fructose excretion (FE), fructose + sucrose excretion (FE + SE)) in adolescence (males: 9.5-16.5 years; females: 8.5-15.5 years) were analysed using multivariable linear regression analyses. RESULTS On the level of dietary intake, no prospective associations were observed between adolescent fructose intake and both adult fatty liver indices, whereas higher FS intakes were associated with lower levels of HSI (Ptrend = 0.02) and FLI (Ptrend = 0.03). On the urinary excretion level, however, a higher FE (Ptrend = 0.03) and FE + SE (Ptrend = 0.01) in adolescence were prospectively related to higher adult FLI values. No associations were observed between adolescent sugar excretion and adult HSI. CONCLUSION The present study does not provide unambiguous support for a detrimental impact of adolescent fructose intake on adult liver health. Nonetheless, further examinations estimating exposure by means of urinary excretion as well as dietary intake levels appear warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Perrar
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences , Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anette E. Buyken
- Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Katharina J. Penczynski
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences , Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany
- Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Remer
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences , Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gunter G. Kuhnle
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, RG6 6UR UK
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf’m Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf’m Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karen Della Corte
- Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences , Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19 B, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences , Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany
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Oluwagbemigun K, O'Donovan AN, Berding K, Lyons K, Alexy U, Schmid M, Clarke G, Stanton C, Cryan J, Nöthlings U. Long-term dietary intake from infancy to late adolescence is associated with gut microbiota composition in young adulthood. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:647-656. [PMID: 33471048 PMCID: PMC7948843 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota composition as influenced by long-term diet may be associated with the risk of adult chronic diseases. Thus, establishing the relation of long-term diet, particularly starting from early life, with adult microbiota composition would be an important research advance. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the association of long-term intake of energy, carbohydrate, fiber, protein, and fat from infancy to late adolescence with microbiota composition in adulthood. METHODS Within the prospective DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) Study, we sampled stool 1 or 2 times within 1 y from 128 adults (median age: 29 y). Microbiota composition was profiled by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Annual dietary records from age 1 to 18 y were retrieved. We estimated trajectories of energy, energy-adjusted carbohydrate, fiber, protein, and fat intake with multilevel models, producing predicted intake at age 1 y and rates of change in intake. A multivariate, zero-inflated, logistic-normal model was used to model the association between intake trajectories and the composition of 158 genera in single-sampled individuals. Associations found in this model were confirmed in double-sampled individuals using a zero-inflated Beta regression model. RESULTS Adjusting for covariates and temporal differences in microbiota composition, long-term carbohydrate intake was associated with 3 genera. Specifically, carbohydrate intake at age 1 y was negatively associated with Phascolarctobacterium [coefficient = -4.31; false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted P = 0.006] and positively associated with Dialister (coefficient = 3.06; FDR-adjusted P = 0.003), and the rate of change in carbohydrate intake was positively associated with Desulfovibrio (coefficient = 13.16; FDR-adjusted P = 0.00039). Energy and other macronutrients were not associated with any genus. CONCLUSIONS This work links long-term carbohydrate intake to microbiota composition. Considering the associations of high carbohydrate intake and microbiota composition with some diseases, these findings could inform the development of gut microbiota-targeted dietary recommendations for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolade Oluwagbemigun
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aoife N O'Donovan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kirsten Berding
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Katriona Lyons
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Ute Alexy
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - John Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Della Corte KA, Penczynski K, Kuhnle G, Perrar I, Herder C, Roden M, Wudy SA, Remer T, Alexy U, Buyken AE. The Prospective Association of Dietary Sugar Intake in Adolescence With Risk Markers of Type 2 Diabetes in Young Adulthood. Front Nutr 2021; 7:615684. [PMID: 33537338 PMCID: PMC7848860 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.615684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To examine the prospective relevance of dietary sugar intake (based on dietary data as well as urinary excretion data) in adolescent years for insulin sensitivity and biomarkers of inflammation in young adulthood. Methods: Overall 254 participants of the DONALD study who had at least two 3-day weighed dietary records for calculating intakes of fructose, glucose, sucrose, total, free, added sugars, total sugars from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), juice, and sweets/sugar or at least two complete 24 h urine samples (n = 221) for calculating sugar excretion (urinary fructose and urinary fructose + sucrose) in adolescence (females: 9–15 years, males: 10–16 years) and a fasting blood sample in adulthood (18–36 years), were included in multivariable linear regression analyses assessing their prospective associations with adult homeostasis model assessment insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-%S) and a pro-inflammatory score (based on CRP, IL-6, IL-18, leptin, chemerin, adiponectin). Results: On the dietary intake level, no prospective associations were observed between adolescent fructose, sucrose, glucose, added, free, total sugar, or total sugar from SSB, juice or sweets/sugar intake and adult HOMA2-%S (p > 0.01). On the urinary level, however, higher excreted fructose levels were associated with improved adult HOMA2-%S (p = 0.008) among females only. No associations were observed between dietary or urinary sugars and the adult pro-inflammatory score (p > 0.01). Conclusion: The present study did not provide support that dietary sugar consumed in adolescence is associated with adult insulin sensitivity. The one potential exception was the moderate dietary consumption of fructose, which showed a beneficial association with adult fasting insulin and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katharina Penczynski
- Public Health Nutrition, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany.,Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunter Kuhnle
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, Whiteknights, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Ines Perrar
- DONALD Study, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Oberschleissheim, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Oberschleissheim, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan A Wudy
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Remer
- DONALD Study, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- DONALD Study, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anette E Buyken
- Public Health Nutrition, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
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Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Immer mehr Menschen entscheiden sich für eine vegane Ernährung ohne tierische Lebensmittel, darunter auch Familien mit Kindern.
Material und Methodik Die bekannten lebensmittelbezogenen Empfehlungen für die Ernährung von Säuglingen (der Ernährungsplan für das 1. Lebensjahr) und Kindern und Jugendlichen (die Optimierte Mischkost, OMK) werden an die Anforderungen einer veganen Ernährung angepasst.
Ergebnisse Der im Ernährungsplan vorgesehene Gemüse-Kartoffel-Fleisch-Brei kann durch einen Gemüse-Kartoffel-Getreide-Brei ersetzt werden. Der Milch-Getreide-Brei kann mit einer kommerziellen Sojanahrung zubereitet werden, die auch für nicht gestillte Säuglinge, die keine Kuhmilch bekommen sollen, als Flaschennahrung geeignet ist. Für Kinder und Jugendliche wurden nach derselben Vorgehensweise wie für die OMK eine Optimierte Vegane Kost (OVK) berechnet, mit der die aktuellen Referenzwerte für die Energie- und Nährstoffzufuhr erreicht werden. Eine Supplementierung mit Vitamin B12 ist für alle vegan ernährten Säuglinge, Kinder und Jugendliche obligatorisch.
Schlussfolgerung Im Artikel wird aufgezeigt, wie der Bedarf an potenziell kritischen Nährstoffen auch im Wachstumsalter durch pflanzliche Lebensmittel, ergänzt durch die gezielte Auswahl angereicherter Lebensmittel und Supplemente, gedeckt werden kann.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Alexy
- Institut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
| | - Stine Weder
- Institut für alternative und nachhaltige Ernährung, Biebertal
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Perrar I, Schadow AM, Schmitting S, Buyken AE, Alexy U. Time and Age Trends in Free Sugar Intake from Food Groups among Children and Adolescents between 1985 and 2016. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010020. [PMID: 31861789 PMCID: PMC7019792 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Trend analyses suggest that free sugar (FS) intake—while still exceeding 10%E—has decreased among German children and adolescents since 2005, yet that intakes may shift from sugars naturally occurring in foods to added sugars as children age. Thus, we analysed time and age trends in FS intake (%E) from food groups among 3–18 year-olds (1985–2016) using 10,761 3-day dietary records from 1312 DONALD participants (660 boys, 652 girls) by use of polynomial mixed-effects regression models. Among girls, FS from sugar & sweets decreased from 1985 to 2016 (linear trend p < 0.0001), but not among boys (p > 0.05). In the total sample, FS intake from juices increased until 2000 and decreased since 2005 (linear, quadratic trend p < 0.0001). FS from sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) decreased non-linearly from 1985 to 2016 (girls: linear, quadratic, cubic trend p < 0.0001; boys: linear, quadratic, cubic trend p < 0.02). Younger children consumed more FS from juices than older ones, who had a higher FS intake from SSB. FS intake from sugar & sweets increased until early adolescence and decreased afterwards. Since sugar & sweets represent the main source of FS intake and the source with the least pronounced decline in intake, public health measures should focus on these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Perrar
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Donald Study Dortmund, Heinstück 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany; (I.P.); (A.M.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Alena M. Schadow
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Donald Study Dortmund, Heinstück 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany; (I.P.); (A.M.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sarah Schmitting
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Donald Study Dortmund, Heinstück 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany; (I.P.); (A.M.S.); (S.S.)
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Anette E. Buyken
- Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany;
| | - Ute Alexy
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Donald Study Dortmund, Heinstück 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany; (I.P.); (A.M.S.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-231-7922-1016
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Weder S, Hoffmann M, Becker K, Alexy U, Keller M. Energy, Macronutrient Intake, and Anthropometrics of Vegetarian, Vegan, and Omnivorous Children (1⁻3 Years) in Germany (VeChi Diet Study). Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040832. [PMID: 31013738 PMCID: PMC6521189 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the lack of current, large-scale studies examining their dietary intake and health, there are concerns about vegetarian (VG) and vegan (VN) diets in childhood. Therefore, the Vegetarian and Vegan Children Study (VeChi Diet Study) examined the energy and macronutrient intake as well as the anthropometrics of 430 VG, VN, and omnivorous (OM) children (1⁻3 years) in Germany. A 3-day weighed dietary record assessed dietary intake, and an online questionnaire assessed lifestyle, body weight (BW), and height. Average dietary intakes and anthropometrics were compared between groups using ANCOVA. There were no significant differences in energy intake or density and anthropometrics between the study groups. OM children had the highest adjusted median intakes of protein (OM: 2.7, VG: 2.3, VN: 2.4 g/kg BW, p < 0.0001), fat (OM: 36.0, VG: 33.5, VN: 31.2%E, p < 0.0001), and added sugars (OM: 5.3, VG: 4.5, VN: 3.8%E, p = 0.002), whereas VN children had the highest adjusted intakes of carbohydrates (OM: 50.1, VG: 54.1, VN: 56.2%E, p < 0.0001) and fiber (OM: 12.2, VG: 16.5, VN: 21.8 g/1,000 kcal, p < 0.0001). Therefore, a VG and VN diet in early childhood can provide the same amount of energy and macronutrients, leading to a normal growth in comparison to OM children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Weder
- Fachhochschule des Mittelstands (FHM), University of Applied Sciences, 33602 Bielefeld, Germany.
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Morwenna Hoffmann
- Fachhochschule des Mittelstands (FHM), University of Applied Sciences, 33602 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Katja Becker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Ute Alexy
- IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, University of Bonn, 44225 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Markus Keller
- Fachhochschule des Mittelstands (FHM), University of Applied Sciences, 33602 Bielefeld, Germany.
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Perrar I, Schmitting S, Della Corte KW, Buyken AE, Alexy U. Age and time trends in sugar intake among children and adolescents: results from the DONALD study. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:1043-1054. [PMID: 30976903 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01965-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe age and time trends in added sugar, free sugar and total sugar intake among German 3-18-year-olds. METHODS Overall, 10,761 3-day dietary records kept between 1985 and 2016 by 1312 DONALD participants (660 boys, 652 girls) were analysed (%E) using polynomial mixed-effects regression models. RESULTS TS intake decreased with age (♂: linear, quadratic and cubic trend all p < 0.0098; ♀: linear trend p < 0.0001). While the oldest children had the lowest FS intake (linear, quadratic trend: p < 0.0001), the youngest children had the lowest AS intake (linear, quadratic trend p < 0.0001, cubic trend p = 0.0004). In terms of time trends, TS (♂: cubic trend p = 0.0052; ♀: quadratic trend p = 0.0608, cubic trend p = 0.0014) and FS (quadratic trend p = 0.0163, cubic trend p < 0.0001) intake increased between 1985 and 2005 and decreased thereafter, most notably since 2010. AS intake decreased between 1985 and 1995, increased slightly until 2005 and decreased thereafter, most notably since 2010 (linear, quadratic, cubic trend p < 0.0001). FS intake exceeded 10%E/day throughout the 30-year study period. CONCLUSION Our results do not support the common assumptions that sugar intake is on the rise and generally higher among adolescents than among younger children. Of note, TS, AS and FS intakes have decreased in the last decade among all age groups. Nevertheless, FS intake still exceeds the intake level recommended by the WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Perrar
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, 44225, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sarah Schmitting
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, 44225, Dortmund, Germany
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Karen W Della Corte
- Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Anette E Buyken
- Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, 44225, Dortmund, Germany.
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Oluwagbemigun K, Buyken AE, Alexy U, Schmid M, Herder C, Nöthlings U. Developmental trajectories of body mass index from childhood into late adolescence and subsequent late adolescence-young adulthood cardiometabolic risk markers. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:9. [PMID: 30660185 PMCID: PMC6339359 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0813-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reports on body mass index (BMI) trajectories from childhood into late adolescence, their determinants, and subsequent cardiometabolic risk markers, particularly among European populations have been few. Moreover, sex-specific investigation is necessary considering the sex difference in BMI, and the sex-specific association between BMI and some cardiometabolic risk markers. Methods Using a sample from the DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed study, we explored sex-specific trajectories of the BMI standard deviation score (SDS) from 4 to 18 years of age in 354 males and 335 females by latent (class) growth models. The determinants of trajectory were assessed by logistic regression. We identified cardiometabolic risk markers that were highly associated with BMI SDS trajectory by random forest regression, and finally we used generalized linear models to investigate differences in the identified cardiometabolic risk markers between pairs of trajectories. Results We observed four: ‘low-normal weight’, ‘mid-normal weight’, ‘high-normal weight’, and ‘overweight’, and three: ‘‘low-normal weight’, ‘mid-normal weight’, and ‘high-normal weight’ trajectories in males and females, respectively. Higher maternal prepregnancy BMI was associated with the ‘overweight’ trajectory, and with ‘high-normal weight’ trajectory in both sexes. In addition, employed mothers and first-born status were associated with ‘high-normal weight’ trajectory in females. BMI SDS trajectory was associated with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in males, and diastolic blood pressure and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in females. However, only males following the ‘overweight’ trajectory had significantly higher IL-18 when compared to their ‘low-normal weight’ counterpart. Conclusions We identified sex-specific distinct trajectories of BMI SDS from childhood into late adolescence, higher maternal prepregnancy BMI as a common determinant of the ‘high-normal weight’ and ‘overweight’ trajectories, and ‘overweight’ trajectory being associated with elevated IL-18 in late adolescence–young adulthood. This study emphasizes the role of maternal prepregnancy BMI in overweight, and highlights IL-18 as a cardiometabolic signature of overweight across life. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12933-019-0813-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolade Oluwagbemigun
- Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Anette E Buyken
- Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Diederichs T, Perrar I, Roßbach S, Alexy U, Buyken AE. In adolescence a higher 'eveningness in energy intake' is associated with higher total daily energy intake. Appetite 2018; 128:159-166. [PMID: 29842968 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.05.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The present manuscript addressed two hypotheses: (i) As children age, energy intake is shifted from morning (energy intake <11am) to evening hours (energy intake >6pm) (ii) A higher 'eveningness in energy intake' (i.e. evening minus morning energy intake) is associated with a higher total daily energy intake. Data were analyzed from 262 DONALD cohort study participants, who had completed at least one 3-day weighed dietary record in the age groups 3/4, 5/6, 7/8, 9/10, 11/12, 13/14, 15/16 and 17/18 years (y). 'Eveningness in energy intake' was compared across age groups and related to total daily energy intake for each age group (multiple cross-sectional analyses). 'Eveningness' increased progressively from age group 3/4y to age group 17/18y. A median surplus of evening energy intake (i.e. when evening intake exceeded morning intake) was firstly observed for age group 11/12y. From age group 11/12y onwards, a higher 'eveningness' was associated with a higher total daily energy intake (all p < 0.04). Difference in total daily energy intake between the highest and the lowest tertile of 'eveningness' was largest for age group 17/18y, amounting to an 11% higher intake among adolescents in the highest as compared to those in the lowest tertile. In conclusion, energy intake progressively shifts from morning to evening hours as children age. Once evening energy intake exceeds morning energy intake, a higher 'eveningness in energy intake' is associated with higher total daily energy intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Diederichs
- Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany; IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, University of Bonn, Heinstueck 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Ines Perrar
- IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, University of Bonn, Heinstueck 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Sarah Roßbach
- IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, University of Bonn, Heinstueck 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Ute Alexy
- IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, University of Bonn, Heinstueck 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Anette E Buyken
- Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany; IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, University of Bonn, Heinstueck 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany.
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Koch SAJ, Alexy U, Diederichs T, Buyken AE, Roßbach S. The relevance of restrained eating behavior for circadian eating patterns in adolescents. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197131. [PMID: 29791516 PMCID: PMC5965828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Restrained Eating, i.e. the tendency to restrict dietary intake to control body-weight, often emerges during adolescence and may result in changes in circadian eating patterns. Objective The objective of the present investigation was to determine the cross-sectional relevance of restrained eating for characteristics of circadian eating pattern in adolescents and whether changes in restrained eating are accompanied by concurrent changes in circadian eating pattern over the course of adolescence. Methods Two questionnaires assessing restrained eating (Score 0–30) with parallel 3-day weighed dietary records from two different time points were available from 209 (♂:101, ♀:108) 11–18 year old adolescents of the DONALD study. Mixed linear regression models were used to analyze whether restrained eating was associated with eating occasion frequency, snack frequency and morning and evening energy intake [in % of daily energy intake, %E]. Linear regression models were used to examine whether changes in restrained eating were associated with changes in the mentioned variables. Results Among girls, greater restrained eating was cross-sectionally associated with higher morning energy intake (p = 0.03). Further, there was a tendency towards lower evening energy intake with higher levels of restrained eating for the whole sample (p = 0.06). No cross-sectional associations were found with eating occasion or snack frequency. Each one-point increase in restrained eating during adolescence was related to a concurrent decrease in eating occasion frequency by 0.04 (95% CI -0.08; -0.01, p = 0.02) and in evening energy intake by 0.36%E (95% CI -0.70; -0.03, p = 0.04). A tendency towards decreasing snack frequency with increasing restrained eating was observed (β = -0.03, 95% CI -0.07; 0.00, p = 0.07). No association was found between changes in restrained eating and concurrent changes in morning energy intake. Conclusion We found indications for cross-sectional and prospective associations between restrained eating and chronobiological aspects of food intake in adolescents. Our results suggest that restrained eating should be considered a relevant determinant of circadian eating patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie A. J. Koch
- DONALD Study, Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- DONALD Study, Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Tanja Diederichs
- DONALD Study, Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- Public Health Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University Paderborn, Paderborn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Anette E. Buyken
- DONALD Study, Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- Public Health Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University Paderborn, Paderborn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Sarah Roßbach
- DONALD Study, Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
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Alexy U. Süßungsmittel in der Ernährung: Nutzen und Risiken. Das Gesundheitswesen 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1639206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U Alexy
- Forschungsinstitut für Kinderernährung, Dortmund, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Roßbach
- IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Tanja Diederichs
- IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany
- Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anette E Buyken
- IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany
- Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany
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Diederichs T, Perrar I, Roßbach S, Alexy U, Buyken AE. “Eveningness in energy intake” develops from childhood to adolescence and is associated with higher total daily energy intake. Das Gesundheitswesen 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1605764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Diederichs
- DONALD Studie Dortmund, Ernährungsepidemiologie, Institut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften (IEL), Universität Bonn, Dortmund
| | - I Perrar
- DONALD Studie Dortmund, Ernährungsepidemiologie, Institut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften (IEL), Universität Bonn, Dortmund
| | - S Roßbach
- DONALD Studie Dortmund, Ernährungsepidemiologie, Institut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften (IEL), Universität Bonn, Dortmund
| | - U Alexy
- DONALD Studie Dortmund, Ernährungsepidemiologie, Institut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften (IEL), Universität Bonn, Dortmund
| | - AE Buyken
- DONALD Studie Dortmund, Ernährungsepidemiologie, Institut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften (IEL), Universität Bonn, Dortmund
- Institut für Ernährung, Konsum und Gesundheit, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Universität Paderborn, Paderborn
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Alexy
- DONALD Study Dortmund, Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences (IEL), University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Annett Hilbig
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Hospitality Sciences, University of Applied Science Niederrhein, Rheydter Str. 277, 41065, Mönchengladbach, Germany
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Libuda L, Bolzenius K, Alexy U. Breastfeeding trends in healthy infants since 1990—results of the DONALD study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:1016-1018. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Diederichs T, Herder C, Roßbach S, Roden M, Wudy SA, Nöthlings U, Alexy U, Buyken AE. Carbohydrates from Sources with a Higher Glycemic Index during Adolescence: Is Evening Rather than Morning Intake Relevant for Risk Markers of Type 2 Diabetes in Young Adulthood? Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9060591. [PMID: 28604592 PMCID: PMC5490570 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study investigated whether glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL) of morning or evening intake and morning or evening carbohydrate intake from low- or higher-GI food sources (low-GI-CHO, higher-GI-CHO) during adolescence are relevant for risk markers of type 2 diabetes in young adulthood. Methods: Analyses included DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study participants who had provided at least two 3-day weighed dietary records (median: 7 records) during adolescence and one blood sample in young adulthood. Using multivariable linear regression analyses, estimated morning and evening GI, GL, low-GI-CHO (GI < 55) and higher-GI-CHO (GI ≥ 55) were related to insulin sensitivity (N = 252), hepatic steatosis index (HSI), fatty liver index (FLI) (both N = 253), and a pro-inflammatory-score (N = 249). Results: Morning intakes during adolescence were not associated with any of the adult risk markers. A higher evening GI during adolescence was related to an increased HSI in young adulthood (p = 0.003). A higher consumption of higher-GI-CHO in the evening was associated with lower insulin sensitivity (p = 0.046) and an increased HSI (p = 0.006), while a higher evening intake of low-GI-CHO was related to a lower HSI (p = 0.009). Evening intakes were not related to FLI or the pro-inflammatory-score (all p > 0.1). Conclusion: Avoidance of large amounts of carbohydrates from higher-GI sources in the evening should be considered in preventive strategies to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Diederichs
- IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Heinstueck 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Sarah Roßbach
- IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Heinstueck 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Stefan A Wudy
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics, Peptide Hormone Research Unit, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Feulgenstraße 10-12, 35392 Gießen, Germany.
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Heinstueck 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Ute Alexy
- IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Heinstueck 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Anette E Buyken
- IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Heinstueck 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany.
- Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
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Abstract
PURPOSE While the prevalence of children on vegetarian diets is assumed to be on the rise in industrialized countries, there are hardly any representative data available. In general, vegetarian diets are presumed to be healthy; nevertheless, there are concerns as to whether the dietary specifications required during infancy, childhood, and adolescence can be met. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to evaluate studies on the dietary intake and the nutritional or health status of vegetarian infants, children, and adolescents. METHODS The database MEDLINE was used for literature search. In addition, references of reviews and expert opinions were considered. Inclusion criteria were (1) sufficient dietary information to define vegetarian type diet and (2) characteristics of nutritional or health status. Case reports and studies from non-industrialized countries were excluded. RESULTS 24 publications from 16 studies published from 1988 to 2013 met our criteria. Study samples covered the age range from 0 to 18 years, and median sample size was 35. Five studies did not include a control group. With regard to biomarkers, anthropometry, and dietary or nutritional intake, the outcomes were diverse. Growth and body weight were generally found within the lower reference range. The intakes of folate, vitamin C, and dietary fiber were relatively high compared to reference values and/or control groups. Low status of vitamin B12 was reported in one study and low status of vitamin D in two studies. CONCLUSIONS Due to the study heterogeneity, the small samples, the bias towards upper social classes, and the scarcity of recent studies, the existing data do not allow us to draw firm conclusions on health benefits or risks of present-day vegetarian type diets on the nutritional or health status of children and adolescents in industrialized countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schürmann
- Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Pediatric University Clinic Bochum, Alexandrinenstraße 5, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - M Kersting
- Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Pediatric University Clinic Bochum, Alexandrinenstraße 5, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - U Alexy
- IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, University of Bonn, Heinstück 11, 44225, Dortmund, Germany.
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Diederichs T, Roßbach S, Herder C, Alexy U, Buyken AE. Relevance of Morning and Evening Energy and Macronutrient Intake during Childhood for Body Composition in Early Adolescence. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8110716. [PMID: 27834901 PMCID: PMC5133102 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study investigated the relevance of morning and evening energy and macronutrient intake during childhood for body composition in early adolescence; (2) Methods: Analyses were based on data from 372 DONALD (DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed study) participants. Explorative life-course plots were performed to examine whether morning or evening energy and macronutrient intake at 3/4 years, 5/6 years, or 7/8 years is critical for fat mass index (FMI [kg/m2]) and fat free mass index (FFMI [kg/m2]) in early adolescence (10/11 years). Subsequently, exposures in periods identified as consistently critical were examined in depth using adjusted regression models; (3) Results: Life-course plots identified morning fat and carbohydrate (CHO) intake at 3/4 years and 7/8 years as well as changes in these intakes between 3/4 years and 7/8 years as potentially critical for FMI at 10/11 years. Adjusted regression models corroborated higher FMI values at 10/11 years among those who had consumed less fat (p = 0.01) and more CHO (p = 0.01) in the morning at 7/8 years as well as among those who had decreased their morning fat intake (p = 0.02) and increased their morning CHO intake (p = 0.05) between 3/4 years and 7/8 years; (4) Conclusion: During childhood, adherence to a low fat, high CHO intake in the morning may have unfavorable consequences for FMI in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Diederichs
- IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, University of Bonn, Heinstueck 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Sarah Roßbach
- IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, University of Bonn, Heinstueck 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Ute Alexy
- IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, University of Bonn, Heinstueck 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Anette E Buyken
- IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, University of Bonn, Heinstueck 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany.
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Abstract
The adequacy of a diet is usually evaluated based on nutrient intake. As people eat foods but not nutrients, food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) are needed. To evaluate dietary habits in infants and young children, the following stepwise approach is suggested: (1) develop country-specific FBDG to identify the potential of common nonfortified foods to ensure adequate nutrient intake and (2) examine potential 'critical' dietary patterns if main food groups are excluded, such as in vegetarian diets or if a family's precarious social status leads to food constraints. The German FBDG for infant and child nutrition demonstrate that a well-designed mixture of common foods results in an adequate supply of nutrients, except for vitamin D, iodine and iron. The following solutions are feasible to address deficiencies in these critical nutrients: routine supplementation (vitamin D), fortified complementary food consumption or supplementation for infants as well as inclusion of table salt in the family diet for children (iodine), and individual pediatric care for infants at risk (iron). In the exclusion of food groups of animal origin from vegetarian diets, several nutrients are at risk of becoming deficient if not substituted. Existing studies characterizing vegetarian children are rare. These were mainly published in the 1980s and 1990s and were biased towards a high social status. Thus, firm conclusions on today's dietary practices and health statuses of European vegetarian children cannot be drawn. A social gradient exists for food patterns and dietary quality in children, but energy intake need not necessarily be affected. Scenarios in Germany suggest that families on unemployment assistance can afford to eat a diet compliant with German FBDG only if they restrict food selection to basic food. Yet, the question of how families cope with financial constraints in everyday life remains. In conclusion, well-designed FBDG provide various opportunities to identify critical nutrients and critical food habits in early childhood and beyond.
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Hilbig A, Foterek K, Kersting M, Alexy U. Home-made and commercial complementary meals in German infants: results of the DONALD study. J Hum Nutr Diet 2015; 28:613-22. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Hilbig
- Research Institute of Child Nutrition (FKE); Dortmund Germany
| | - K. Foterek
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science; DONALD Study; University of Bonn; Dortmund Germany
| | - M. Kersting
- Research Institute of Child Nutrition (FKE); Dortmund Germany
| | - U. Alexy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science; DONALD Study; University of Bonn; Dortmund Germany
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Foterek K, Hilbig A, Kersting M, Alexy U. Age and time trends in the diet of young children: results of the DONALD study. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:611-620. [PMID: 25827084 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0881-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe age and time trends of energy and macronutrient intake during infancy and toddlerhood and to set a special focus on dietary practices with respect to milk, complementary food, and family food intake. METHODS Three-day dietary records (n = 2241) collected at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months (480 subjects) between 2004 and 2013 from the ongoing open cohort DONALD (Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed) study were evaluated using repeated-measures regression analyses for trend analysis. RESULTS Significant age trends were found for macronutrients with a decrease in fat intake (% of energy intake, %E) and an increase in carbohydrates (%E) and protein (%E). Exclusive and partial breastfeeding rates at 3 and 6 months did not differ between 2004 and 2008 and 2009 and 2013 (p > 0.05). Macronutrient pattern was virtually stable over time, whereas food group intake (% of total food intake excluding beverages, % TFI) changed significantly during the study period. Breast/bottle milk (% TFI) intake increased over time in the toddler subgroup, whereas family food (% TFI) decreased. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate a period of stagnation in the last 10 years with respect to breastfeeding duration in infancy. Further breastfeeding promotion in Germany is needed to continue the favourable progress of the previous decades. In toddlerhood, breast/bottle milk remains a substantial part of the diet and has increased during the last 10 years. Parents should be encouraged to implement healthy eating habits during early toddlerhood and to facilitate their child's participation in appropriate family meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Foterek
- IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, University of Bonn, Heinstück 11, 44225, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Annett Hilbig
- Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Ute Alexy
- IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, University of Bonn, Heinstück 11, 44225, Dortmund, Germany.
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46
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Hilbig A, Drossard C, Kersting M, Alexy U. Development of an estimated food record for 9-36-month-old toddlers. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:907-15. [PMID: 24824012 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adequacy of dietary intake in the sensitive period of toddler development is a key determinant of health in a short- and long-term perspective. Therefore, studies focussing the nutrition of toddlers are of importance. For this purpose, tailored dietary record methods are an important prerequisite. The objective of this work is to develop a toddler-specific estimated food record (EFR) in a booklet providing photographs of age-specific foods and portion sizes that should be accurate and simple. SUBJECTS/METHODS For a toddler study in Germany, a 7-day consecutive EFR was developed. Data were obtained from a sample of toddlers in Germany. The basis is an evaluation of 3-day weighing food records on food choice and portion size of the DONALD (Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed) study for 227 toddlers (118 boys) aged 9-36 months from January 2004 to March 2008. RESULTS In the analysed food records, a total of 15.147 eating occasions with 24.820 dishes were reported and grouped in 17 food groups. To estimate the portion size, the median consumption amounts of the 194 most frequently consumed dishes were calculated and photographed. Formula and commercial complementary food are collected separately. EFR was structured into seven eating occasions of the day: before breakfast, breakfast, mid-morning, lunch, mid-afternoon, dinner, and before bed. CONCLUSIONS The EFR booklet provides a simple, feasible and validated instrument that can be used to update information on dietary habits during the transition from infant to childhood diet for families in different social classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hilbig
- Research Institute of Child Nutrition Dortmund (FKE), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - C Drossard
- Research Institute of Child Nutrition Dortmund (FKE), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Kersting
- Research Institute of Child Nutrition Dortmund (FKE), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - U Alexy
- DONALD Study, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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47
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Mesch CM, Stimming M, Foterek K, Hilbig A, Alexy U, Kersting M, Libuda L. Food variety in commercial and homemade complementary meals for infants in Germany. Market survey and dietary practice. Appetite 2014; 76:113-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Besides influencing short- and long-term health status, infant feeding practices are known to have an effect on later food preferences. This study aimed to identify present trends in breast-feeding duration and weaning practices with special focus on preparation methods of complementary food (CF), that is, homemade and commercial CF. METHODS In total, 1419 three-day weighed diet records collected between 2004 and 2012 from 366 children of the German DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed study ages 6 to 24 months were analysed. Full (n = 339) and total breast-feeding duration (n = 344) was collected by questionnaire. To investigate age and time trends, logistic regression and polynomial mixed regression models were used. RESULTS Infants born between 2008 and 2012 were 3.3-fold less likely to be fully breast-fed for ≥4 months than those born before 2004 (P < 0.0001). Overall, 59.3% commercial, 21.1% homemade, and 19.6% combined CF was consumed by the study sample. Subjects with high commercial CF consumption (percentage of commercial CF > median 62%) were significantly older (P < 0.0001), showed shorter full and total breast-feeding duration (P < 0.0001), and were more likely to have mothers with a lower educational status (P = 0.01). Both commercial and homemade CF showed opposing, nonlinear age trends. No time trends could be found. CONCLUSIONS Decreasing duration of full breast-feeding should encourage health care providers to further promote longer breast-feeding duration. With the constantly high consumption of commercial CF at all ages, nutritional adequacy of both homemade and commercial CF needs to be investigated closer, as does their long-term influence on health and dietary habits, for example, fruit and vegetable intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Foterek
- *IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn †Research Institute of Child Nutrition (FKE), Dortmund, Germany
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Gracia-Marco L, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, Williams CA, Hagströmer M, Manios Y, Kafatos A, Béghin L, Polito A, De Henauw S, Valtueña J, Widhalm K, Molnar D, Alexy U, Moreno LA, Sjöström M. Seasonal variation in physical activity and sedentary time in different European regions. The HELENA study. J Sports Sci 2013; 31:1831-40. [PMID: 24050788 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2013.803595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This report aims (1) to examine the association between seasonality and physical activity (PA) and sedentary time in European adolescents and (2) to investigate whether this association was influenced by geographical location (Central-North versus South of Europe), which implies more or less extreme weather and daylight hours. Valid data on PA, sedentary time and seasonality were obtained in 2173 adolescents (1175 females; 12.5-17.5 years) included in this study. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured by accelerometers. ANCOVA was conducted to analyse the differences in PA and sedentary time across seasons. Results showed that girls had lower levels of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) and average PA, and spent more time in sedentary activities in winter compared with spring (all P < 0.05). Stratified analyses showed differences in PA and sedentary time between winter and spring in European girls from Central-North of Europe (P < 0.05 for sedentary time). There were no differences between PA and sedentary time across seasonality in boys. In conclusion, winter is related with less time spent in MVPA, lower average PA and higher time spent in sedentary activities in European adolescent girls, compared with spring. These differences seem to mainly occur in Central-North Europe.
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Jiménez-Pavón D, Fernández-Vázquez A, Alexy U, Pedrero R, Cuenca-García M, Polito A, Vanhelst J, Manios Y, Kafatos A, Molnar D, Sjöström M, Moreno LA. Association of objectively measured physical activity with body components in European adolescents. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:667. [PMID: 23866681 PMCID: PMC3723445 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity (PA) is suggested to contribute to fat loss not only through increasing energy expenditure “per se” but also increasing muscle mass; therefore, it would be interesting to better understand the specific associations of PA with the different body’s components such as fat mass and muscle mass. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between objectively measured PA and indices of fat mass and muscle components independently of each other giving, at the same time, gender-specific information in a wide cohort of European adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study in a school setting was conducted in 2200 (1016 males) adolescents (14.7 ±1.2 years). Weight, height, skinfold thickness, bioimpedance and PA (accelerometry) were measured. Indices of fat mass (body mass index, % fat mass, sum of skinfolds) and muscular component (assessed as fat-free mass) were calculated. Multiple regression analyses were performed adjusting for several confounders including fat-free mass and fat mass when possible. Results Vigorous PA was positively associated with height (p < 0.05) in males, whilst, vigorous PA, moderate-vigorous PA and average PA were negatively associated with all the indices of fat mass (all p < 0.01) in both genders, except for average PA in relation with body mass index in females. Regarding muscular components, vigorous PA showed positive associations with fat-free mass and muscle mass (all p < 0.05) in both genders. Average PA was positively associated with fat-free mass (both p < 0.05) in males and females. Conclusion The present study suggests that PA, especially vigorous PA, is negatively associated with indices of fat mass and positively associated with markers of muscle mass, after adjusting for several confounders (including indices of fat mass and muscle mass when possible). Future studies should focus not only on the classical relationship between PA and fat mass, but also on PA and muscular components, analyzing the independent role of both with the different PA intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jiménez-Pavón
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development), Department of Physiotherapy and Nursing, Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Avd, Domingo Miral s/n, CP: 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
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