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Kasture S, Khadilkar A, Padidela R, Gondhalekar K, Patil R, Khadilkar V. Effect of Yoga or Physical Exercise on Muscle Function in Rural Indian Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:85-93. [PMID: 37931617 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synergistic effects of yoga or physical exercise (PE) along with protein supplementation on children's muscle function in rural India have not been studied. Hence, we aimed to study the effect of yoga and PE along with protein supplementation on muscle function in healthy 6- to 11-year-old rural Indian children post 6 months of intervention. METHODS A randomized controlled trial on 232 children, recruited into 3 groups, each receiving 1 protein-rich ladoo (148 kcal, 7 g protein/40 g ladoo-an Indian sweet snack) daily and performing (1) yoga (n = 78) for 30 minutes 5 times per week, (2) PE (n = 76) for 30 minutes 5 times per week, or (3) control group (n = 78) no additional exercise. Maximum power, maximum voluntary force (Fmax), and grip strength (GS) were measured. Data were analyzed using paired t tests and a 2-way mixed analysis of variance with post hoc Bonferroni adjustment. RESULTS GS, maximum power, and Fmax within yoga group increased significantly (P < .05) from baseline to endline. GS and Fmax increased significantly within PE group postintervention (P < .001). In controls, GS increased (P < .05) at endline. No significant effect of the intervention was observed on the change in maximum power (P > .05) postintervention. The 2 exercise groups showed significant increase in Fmax compared with the control group (P < .05). Similarly, increase in GS was significantly higher in both the exercise groups compared with the control group (P < .05). No significant difference was observed in change in muscle function between the 2 exercise groups (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Structured physical activity along with protein supplementation resulted in improved muscle function in children. Yoga and PE showed a comparable impact on muscle force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Kasture
- Department of Growth and Pediatric Endocrinology, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anuradha Khadilkar
- Department of Growth and Pediatric Endocrinology, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Raja Padidela
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ketan Gondhalekar
- Department of Growth and Pediatric Endocrinology, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Radhika Patil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaman Khadilkar
- Department of Growth and Pediatric Endocrinology, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Martakis K, Alexy U, Stark C, Hahn A, Rawer R, Duran I, Schönau E. Jumping Mechanography: Reference Centiles in Childhood and Introduction of the Nerve-Muscle Index to Quantify Motor Efficiency. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5984. [PMID: 37762925 PMCID: PMC10531761 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Jumping mechanography provides robust motor function indicators among children. The study aim was to develop centiles for the single 2-leg jump (S2LJ) in German children and adolescents and to identify differences in children with obesity. Data were collected in 2004-2021 through the German DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study. All participants (6-18 years, mean age 11.4) performed annually an S2LJ aiming for maximum height on a Ground Reaction Force Platform. LMS (lambda-mu-sigma), including resampling, was used to develop centiles for velocity (vmax), jump height (hmax), relative force (Fmax/BW), relative power (Pmax/mass), impulse asymmetry and a new parameter to describe jump efficiency, the Nerve-Muscle Index (NMI), defined as vmax/(Fmax/BW). Data from 882 children and adolescents were analyzed (3062 measurements, median 3 per individual). In females, Fmax/BW values were higher in younger age but remained constant in adolescence. vmax, hmax and Pmax/mass increased in childhood, reaching a plateau in adolescence. In males, vmax, hmax and Pmax/mass showed a constant increase and the Fmax/BW remained lower. Children with obesity showed lower Fmax/BW, hmax, vmax and the NMI, hence, lower velocity per relative force unit and less efficient jump. The centiles should be used to monitor motor development in childhood. The NMI is a surrogate for motor efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos Martakis
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (K.M.)
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Feulgen Str. 10-12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Nutritional and Food Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Christina Stark
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Feulgen Str. 10-12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Ibrahim Duran
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (K.M.)
- Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation, UniReha, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Lindenburger Allee 44, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Eckhard Schönau
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (K.M.)
- Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation, UniReha, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Lindenburger Allee 44, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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Schweizer R, Martin DD, Binder G. Increase of jump performance during GH treatment in short children born SGA. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1122287. [PMID: 37143735 PMCID: PMC10153665 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1122287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Short children born small for gestational age (SGA) often have low muscle mass. Studies on maximal isometric grip-force (MIGF) observed lower muscle strength in these children. In contrast to MIGF, jumping is an everyday muscle activity for children. Our hypothesis was that GH treatment would cause an increase in jumping strength. So, we aimed to study jumping by mechanography in short SGA children before and during GH treatment. Methods Monocentric prospective longitudinal study in a tertiary pediatric endocrinology center. We studied 50 prepubertal short children (23 females) born SGA (mean age 7.2 y, height -3.24 SDS) during GH treatment (mean dose 45 µg/kg/d). Main outcome measures were Peak jump force (PJF) and peak jump power (PJP) measured by Leonardo® ground reaction force plate at baseline and after 12 months of GH treatment. Mechanography data were compared to sex, age and height related references (SD-Score). Fitness was estimated as PJP/kg body weight by use of the Esslinger-Fitness-Index (EFI). Results At start of GH treatment PJP/body weight was low at -1.52 SDS and increased significantly to -0.95 SDS during 12 months of treatment (p<0.001). PJF was low-normal compared to height dependent references and remained unchanged. PJP was normal compared to height dependent references and increased only slightly from -0.34 to -0.19 SDSHT. Conclusions Jumping performance (EFI) measured by mechanography increased during one year of GH treatment in short children born SGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schweizer
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children’s Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Roland Schweizer,
| | - David D. Martin
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Gerhard Binder
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children’s Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
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Hoffmann MD, Colley RC, Doyon CY, Wong SL, Tomkinson GR, Lang JJ. Normative-referenced percentile values for physical fitness among Canadians. Health Rep 2020; 30:14-22. [PMID: 31617933 DOI: 10.25318/82-003-x201901000002-eng] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study developed age- and sex-specific normative-referenced percentile values for five physical fitness tests across a wide age range of Canadians, using a nationally representative sample. DATA AND METHODS The data are from 5,188 Canadians (50.1% female) and were collected as part of cycle 5 of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2016 to 2017). RESULTS Males had slightly better cardiorespiratory fitness and substantially better grip strength, jumping height and jumping power scores than females, whereas females had better sit-and-reach flexibility. Among females, there were pronounced increases in jumping height (P50: 25%) and jumping power (P50: 58%) between ages 8 and 13, and in grip strength (P50: 193%) between ages 6 and 19. Performance gradually declined with age, beginning in adolescence for jumping ability and at approximately age 35 for grip strength. Among males, there were pronounced increases in jumping height (P50: 69%) and jumping power (P50: 233%) between ages 8 and 20, and in grip strength (P50: 365%) between ages 6 and 20. Performance gradually declined with age, beginning immediately after adolescence for jumping ability and at approximately age 30 for grip strength. Sit-and-reach flexibility remained relatively stable with age in both sexes. Cardiorespiratory fitness scores in both sexes declined steadily with age beginning (generally) at age 8, with a larger decline evident in females until age 18. DISCUSSION These normative-referenced values for physical fitness could be useful for screening in public health and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt D Hoffmann
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Rachel C Colley
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Caroline Y Doyon
- Centre for Population Health Data, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Suzy L Wong
- Centre for Health Promotion, Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Department of Education, Health and Behavior Studies, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States, and the Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences and Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Justin J Lang
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, and Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute
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Duran I, Martakis K, Stark C, Alberg E, Bossier C, Semler O, Schoenau E. Experience with jumping mechanography in children with cerebral palsy. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2017; 17:237-245. [PMID: 28860426 PMCID: PMC5601269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Jumping mechanography provides robust motor function indicators among healthy children. The aim of the study was to assess the reproducibility and validity of jumping mechanography conducted as single two-legged jump (S2LJ) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS 215 S2LJ investigations from a sample of 75 children with CP were eligible for evaluation. For the estimation of the reproducibility, only the baseline set of data per patient were used. Gross motor function was evaluated by the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66). In 135 S2LJ investigations, GMFM-66 was assessed within a week in the same child. This data was used for validity assessment. RESULTS Coefficients of variation for the main outcome parameters ranged between 6.15-9.71%, except for jump height (CV%=27.3%). The intraclass correlation coefficients for peak velocity (Vmax) and peak power relative to body weight (Pmax/mass) was 0.927 and 0.931. Vmax and Pmax/mass were also the test parameters with the strongest correlation to the GMFM-66 score (⟩0.7). CONCLUSIONS S2LJ assessed in the present study provided reproducible outcome measures particularly for Vmax and Pmax/mass in children with CP. Further, Vmax and Pmax/mass showed the strongest correlation with the GMFM-66 score and seem to be the most relevant evaluation criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Duran
- University of Cologne, Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation, Germany,Corresponding author: Ibrahim Duran, MD, University of Cologne, Centre of Prevention and Rehabilitation, Lindenburger Allee 44, 50931 Cologne, Germany E-mail:
| | - K. Martakis
- University of Cologne, Children’s and Adolescent’s Hospital, Germany,Maastricht University, Department of International Health, School CAPHRI, Care and Public Health Research Institute, the Netherlands
| | - C. Stark
- University of Cologne, Children’s and Adolescent’s Hospital, Germany,University of Cologne, Cologne Centre for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics (CCMB), Germany
| | - E. Alberg
- University of Cologne, Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation, Germany
| | - C. Bossier
- University of Cologne, Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation, Germany
| | - O. Semler
- University of Cologne, Children’s and Adolescent’s Hospital, Germany,University of Cologne, Center for rare skeletal diseases in childhood, Germany
| | - E. Schoenau
- University of Cologne, Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation, Germany,University of Cologne, Children’s and Adolescent’s Hospital, Germany,University of Cologne, Center for rare skeletal diseases in childhood, Germany
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Gabel L, Macdonald H, Nettlefold L, Race D, McKay H. Reference data for jumping mechanography in Canadian children, adolescents and young adults. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2016; 16:283-295. [PMID: 27973380 PMCID: PMC5259569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide age- and sex-specific reference data for mechanography-derived parameters of muscle function in Canadian children and youth using the single two-legged jump (S2LJ) with hands-on-waist. METHODS Our sample included 2017 observations from 715 participants (9-21 years; 338 girls). Participants performed three S2LJ with hands-on-waist on a force platform (Leonardo Mechanograph, Novotec). Outcomes were maximum peak power (Pmax), Pmax/mass, peak force/body weight (Fmax/BW), force efficiency, maximum jump height (Hmax), and velocity (Vmax). We used the LMS method to construct age- and sex-specific percentile curves and mixed effects models to examine sex and ethnic differences. RESULTS With the exception of Efficiency, mechanography outcomes were greater in girls (4-40%, p<0.05) than boys at age 9. Boys' advantage in mechanography parameters emerged in adolescence (age 11-13 years; 3-65%, p<0.05) and persisted into young adulthood, except for Fmax/BW which was not greater in boys until age 17 (4-10%, p<0.05). Mechanography outcomes were 3-9% (p<0.05) greater in Asian compared with white participants. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first reference data for the S2LJ using the hands-on-waist protocol in children, youth and young adults. These data support previous findings using freely moving arms and can be used when evaluating muscle function in pediatric studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Gabel
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada,Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - H.M. Macdonald
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada,Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - L. Nettlefold
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - D. Race
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - H.A. McKay
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada,Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada,Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada,Corresponding author: Heather McKay, PhD, Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, 7/F-2635 Laurel St, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada E-mail:
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Siglinsky E, Krueger D, Ward R, Caserotti P, Strotmeyer E, Harris T, Binkley N, Buehring B. Effect of age and sex on jumping mechanography and other measures of muscle mass and function. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2015; 15:301-8. [PMID: 26636275 PMCID: PMC4784267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sarcopenia increases falls and fracture risk. Sarcopenia clinical trials require robust quantitative tools to evaluate muscle function; jumping mechanography (JM) is likely one such tool. However, US data comparing JM with traditional tests across the lifespan is limited. This study evaluated the effect of age and sex on JM compared with traditional function tests and lean mass. METHODS US adults (213 women/119 men; mean age 65.4 years, range 27-96) performed functional tests including JM, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and grip strength (GS). Appendicular lean mass (ALM) was measured using DXA. RESULTS Men had higher relative jump power [mean (SD) 28.5 (10.52) vs. 21.9 (7.11) W/kg], GS [35.5 (9.84) vs. 22.7 (6.98) kg] and ALM/ht(2) [8.25 (1.35) vs. 6.99 (1.38) kg/m2] (all p<0.0001); no difference was observed for SPPB components. JM parameters were more strongly correlated with age than traditional tests (R2=0.38-0.61 vs. R2=0.01-0.28) and weakly with GS and chair rise time (R2=0.30-0.36). CONCLUSION JM parameters are correlated with GS and chair rise time and demonstrate stronger correlations with age. JM shows promise as a valuable tool to evaluate and monitor interventions for sarcopenia as it could potentially detect change in muscle function more precisely than existing tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Siglinsky
- Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, University of
Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - D. Krueger
- Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, University of
Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - R.E. Ward
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA,Boston University School of Public Health, Boston,
MA
| | | | - E.S. Strotmeyer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Aging and
Population Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - N. Binkley
- Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, University of
Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - B. Buehring
- Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, University of
Wisconsin, Madison, WI,William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison,
WI,Corresponding author: Bjoern Buehring, University of Wisconsin
Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, 2870 University Avenue, Suite 100,
Madison, WI 53705, Vc (607.265.6410) E-mail:
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