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Zhu GX, Chen X, Wu YJ, Wang HL, Lu CM, Wang XM, Zhang Y, Liu ZC, He JB, Tang SK, Cao YR. Mycolicibacterium arseniciresistens sp. nov., isolated from lead-zinc mine tailing, and reclassification of two Mycobacterium species as Mycolicibacterium palauense comb. nov. and Mycolicibacterium grossiae comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2024; 74. [PMID: 38197783 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
A Gram-positive, acid-fast, aerobic, rapidly growing and non-motile strain was isolated from lead-zinc mine tailing sampled in Lanping, Yunnan province, Southwest China. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the most closely related species of strain KC 300T was Mycolicibacterium litorale CGMCC 4.5724T (98.47 %). Additionally, phylogenomic and specific conserved signature indel analysis revealed that strain KC 300T should be a member of genus Mycolicibacterium, and Mycobacterium palauense CECT 8779T and Mycobacterium grossiae DSM 104744T should also members of genus Mycolicibacterium. The genome size of strain KC 300T was 6.2 Mb with an in silico DNA G+C content of 69.2 mol%. Chemotaxonomic characteristics of strain KC 300T were also consistent with the genus Mycolicibacterium. The average nucleotide identity, digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average amino acid identity values, as well as phenotypic, physiological and biochemical characteristics, support that strain KC 300T represents a new species within the genus Mycolicibacterium, for which the name Mycolicibacterium arseniciresistens sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain KC 300T (=CGMCC 1.19494T=JCM 35915T). In addition, we reclassified Mycobacterium palauense and Mycobacterium grossiae as Mycolicibacterium palauense comb. nov. and Mycolicibacterium grossiae comb. nov., respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Xing Zhu
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences & School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Xiu Chen
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences & School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Ya-Jie Wu
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences & School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences & School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Chun-Mei Lu
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences & School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wang
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences & School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences & School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Zi-Chao Liu
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences & School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Jiang-Bo He
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences & School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Shu-Kun Tang
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource, and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Fermented Vegetables, Honghe, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Yan-Ru Cao
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences & School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
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Špičić S, Duvnjak S, Papić B, Reil I, Zrnčić S, Mihaljević Ž, Naletilić Š, Zupičić IG, Kompes G, Habrun B, Mareković I, Zdelar-Tuk M. Description of Mycobacterium pinniadriaticum sp. nov., isolated from a noble pen shell ( Pinna nobilis) population in Croatia. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1289182. [PMID: 38192290 PMCID: PMC10773828 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1289182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Shortly before the mass mortality event of the noble pen shell (Pinna nobilis) population in the south-eastern Adriatic coast, two rapidly growing Mycobacterium strains CVI_P3T (DSM 114013 T, ATCC TSD-295 T) and CVI_P4 were obtained from the organs of individual mollusks during the regular health status monitoring. Methods The strains were identified as members of the genus Mycobacterium using basic phenotypic characteristics, genus-specific PCR assays targeting the hsp65 and 16S rRNA genes and the commercial hybridization kit GenoType Mycobacterium CM (Hain Lifescience, Germany). MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry did not provide reliable identification using the Bruker Biotyper Database. Results and discussion Genome-wide phylogeny and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values confirmed that the studied strains are clearly differentiated from their closest phylogenetic relative Mycobacterium aromaticivorans and other validly published Mycobacterium species (ANI ≤ 85.0%). The type strain CVI_P3T was further characterized by a polyphasic approach using both phenotypic and genotypic methods. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic results, we conclude that strains CVI_P3T and CVI_P4 represent a novel species, for which the name Mycobacterium pinniadriaticum sp. nov. is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Špičić
- Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Duvnjak
- Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bojan Papić
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Reil
- Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana Zrnčić
- Laboratory for Fish Pathology, Department for Pathological Morphology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željko Mihaljević
- Laboratory for Pathology, Department for Pathological Morphology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Šimun Naletilić
- Laboratory for Pathology, Department for Pathological Morphology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Giovanna Zupičić
- Laboratory for Fish Pathology, Department for Pathological Morphology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Kompes
- Laboratory for General Bacteriology and Mycology, Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Boris Habrun
- Laboratory for General Bacteriology and Mycology, Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Mareković
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Zdelar-Tuk
- Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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Sarhan MS, Wurst C, Tzankov A, Bircher AJ, Wittig H, Briellmann T, Augsburger M, Hotz G, Zink A, Maixner F. A nontuberculous mycobacterium could solve the mystery of the lady from the Franciscan church in Basel, Switzerland. BMC Biol 2023; 21:9. [PMID: 36747166 PMCID: PMC9903526 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1975, the mummified body of a female has been found in the Franciscan church in Basel, Switzerland. Molecular and genealogic analyses unveiled her identity as Anna Catharina Bischoff (ACB), a member of the upper class of post-reformed Basel, who died at the age of 68 years, in 1787. The reason behind her death is still a mystery, especially that toxicological analyses revealed high levels of mercury, a common treatment against infections at that time, in different body organs. The computed tomography (CT) and histological analysis showed bone lesions in the femurs, the rib cage, and the skull, which refers to a potential syphilis case. RESULTS Although we could not detect any molecular signs of the syphilis-causing pathogen Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, we realized high prevalence of a nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) species in brain tissue sample. The genome analysis of this NTM displayed richness of virulence genes and toxins, and similarity to other infectious NTM, known to infect immunocompromised patients. In addition, it displayed potential resistance to mercury compounds, which might indicate a selective advantage against the applied treatment. This suggests that ACB might have suffered from an atypical mycobacteriosis during her life, which could explain the mummy's bone lesion and high mercury concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The study of this mummy exemplifies the importance of employing differential diagnostic approaches in paleopathological analysis, by combining classical anthropological, radiological, histological, and toxicological observations with molecular analysis. It represents a proof-of-concept for the discovery of not-yet-described ancient pathogens in well-preserved specimens, using de novo metagenomic assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Sarhan
- Eurac Research - Institute for Mummy Studies, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Christina Wurst
- Eurac Research - Institute for Mummy Studies, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas J Bircher
- Department of Allergology, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Holger Wittig
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Briellmann
- Citizen Science Basel; formerly Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Augsburger
- University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Hotz
- Natural History Museum Basel, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
- Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Albert Zink
- Eurac Research - Institute for Mummy Studies, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Frank Maixner
- Eurac Research - Institute for Mummy Studies, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
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Xiao Y, Chen J, Chen M, Deng SJ, Xiong ZQ, Tian BY, Zhang BH. Mycolicibacterium lacusdiani sp. nov., an Attached Bacterium of Microcystis aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:861291. [PMID: 35633692 PMCID: PMC9134240 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.861291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In eutrophic water, attached bacteria of Microcystis play an important role in the formation, development, and degradation of Microcystis blooms. A novel actinobacterium, designated as JXJ CY 35T, was isolated from the culture mass of Microcystis aeruginosa FACHB-905 (Maf) collected from Lake Dianchi, Yunnan Province, China. Strain JXJ CY 35T was gram-positive, acid-fast staining, aerobic, with short rod-shaped cells, positive for catalase, and negative for oxidase. The isolate was able to grow at 10.0–36.0°C, pH 4.0–10.0, and tolerate up to 5.0% (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth at 28°C, pH 7.0–8.0, and 0% (w/v) NaCl. Cell-wall peptidoglycan contains aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, and alanine, with mannose, ribose, galactose, and arabinose as whole-cell sugars. Polar lipids consist of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), glycolipid (GL1-3), phosphoglycolipid (PGL), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and unidentified lipid (L1). The predominant menaquinone was MK-9. Major fatty acids (>10%) were C17:1ω7c (37.0%) and C18:1ω9c (18.9%). The complete genome sequence of strain JXJ CY 35T was 6,138,096 bp in size with a DNA G + C content of 68.3%. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, it has 98.2% similarity to Mycolicibacterium arabiense JCM 18538T. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between strain JXJ CY 35T and the closest five type strains M. arabiense JCM 18538T, M. goodii ATCC 700504T, M. mageritense DSM 44476T, M. austroafricanum DSM 44191T, and Mycobacterium neglectum CECT 8778T were 52.1, 20.3, 20.3, 20.6, and 19.8%, and 92.7, 75.5, 75.6, 76.0, and 75.2%, respectively. On the basis of the above taxonomic data and differences in physiological characteristics from the closely related type strain, strain JXJ CY 35T was determined to represent a novel species of genus Mycolicibacterium, for which the name Mycolicibacterium lacusdiani sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is JXJ CY 35T (=KCTC 49379T = CGMCC 1.17501T). Different inoculation dosages of the type strain JXJ CY 35T could exhibit different effects on the growth of Maf and its toxin synthesis and release. Strain JXJ CY 35T could promote the growth of Maf by providing it with available phosphorus, nitrogen, probably vitamins, and plant growth hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- College of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Shao-Ji Deng
- College of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Zhi-Qian Xiong
- College of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Bao-Yu Tian
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bing-Huo Zhang
- College of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
- *Correspondence: Bing-Huo Zhang
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Cheng Y, Lei W, Wang X, Tian Z, Liu H, Yang J, Lu S, Lai XH, Pu J, Huang Y, Zhang S, Yang C, Lian X, Bai Y, Wan K, Wang S, Xu J. Mycolicibacterium baixiangningiae sp. nov. and Mycolicibacterium mengxianglii sp. nov., two new rapidly growing mycobacterial species. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 34878372 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Four bacterial strains (LJ126T/S18 and Z-34T/S20) recovered from faecal samples of Tibetan antelopes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China were analysed using a polyphasic approach. All four isolates were aerobic, short rod-shaped, non-motile, Gram-stain-positive, acid-fast and fast-growing. Phylogenetic analyses based upon 16S rRNA and whole-genome sequences showed that the two pair of strains formed two distinct branches within the evolutionary radiation of the genus Mycolicibacterium. Strains LJ126T/S18 and Z-34T/S20 were most closely related to Mycolicibacterium austroafricanum CCUG 37667T, Mycobacterium aurum NCTC 10437T, Mycobacterium pyrenivorans DSM 44605T, Mycobacterium monacense JCM 15658T, Mycolicibacterium sarraceniae JCM 30395T, Mycolicibacterium tokaiense JCM 6373T and Mycobacterium murale JCM 13392T, but readily distinguished from the known species by a combination of chemotaxonomic and phenotypic features and by low average nucleotide identity values (74.4-84.9 %). Consequently, the two strain pairs are considered to represent different novel species of Mycolicibacterium for which the names Mycolicibacterium baixiangningiae sp. nov. and Mycolicibacterium mengxianglii sp. nov. are proposed, with LJ126T (=CGMCC 1.1992T=KCTC 49535T) and Z-34T (=CGMCC 1.1993T=DSM 106172T) as the respective type strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanxi Medical University School of Public Health, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Wenjing Lei
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanxi Medical University School of Public Health, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Zhi Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanxi Medical University School of Public Health, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Haican Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, 201508, PR China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, 201508, PR China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xin-He Lai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Ji Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Sihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Caixin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanxi Medical University School of Public Health, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Xingxing Lian
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanxi Medical University School of Public Health, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Yibo Bai
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanxi Medical University School of Public Health, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Kanglin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Suping Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanxi Medical University School of Public Health, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanxi Medical University School of Public Health, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, 201508, PR China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
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Huang RR, Yang SR, Zhen C, Ge XF, Chen XK, Wen ZQ, Li YN, Liu WZ. Genomic molecular signatures determined characterization of Mycolicibacterium gossypii sp. nov., a fast-growing mycobacterial species isolated from cotton field soil. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2021; 114:1735-1744. [PMID: 34392432 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A Gram-positive, acid-fast and rapidly growing rod, designated S2-37 T, that could form yellowish colonies was isolated from one soil sample collected from cotton cropping field located in the Xinjiang region of China. Genomic analyses indicated that strain S2-37 T harbored T7SS secretion system and was very likely able to produce mycolic acid, which were typical features of pathogenetic mycobacterial species. 16S rRNA-directed phylogenetic analysis referred that strain S2-37 T was closely related to bacterial species belonging to the genus Mycolicibacterium, which was further confirmed by pan-genome phylogenetic analysis. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization and the average nucleotide identity presented that strain S2-37 T displayed the highest values of 39.1% (35.7-42.6%) and 81.28% with M. litorale CGMCC 4.5724 T, respectively. And characterization of conserved molecular signatures further supported the taxonomic position of strain S2-37 T belonging to the genus Mycolicibacterium. The main fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C20:3ω3 and C22:6ω3. In addition, polar lipids profile was mainly composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. Phylogenetic analyses, distinct fatty aids and antimicrobial resistance profiles indicated that strain S2-37 T represented genetically and phenotypically distinct from its closest phylogenetic neighbour, M. litorale CGMCC 4.5724 T. Here, we propose a novel species of the genus Mycolicibacterium: Mycolicibacterium gossypii sp. nov. with the type strain S2-37 T (= JCM 34327 T = CGMCC 1.18817 T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Rui Huang
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen-Rong Yang
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhen
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Feng Ge
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Kai Chen
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wen
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Nan Li
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Zheng Liu
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Liu G, Yu X, Luo J, Hu Y, Dong L, Jiang G, Huo F, Wang F, Liang Q, Huang H. Mycobacterium vicinigordonae sp. nov., a slow-growing scotochromogenic species isolated from sputum. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 33974531 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A slow-growing, scotochromogenic mycobacterial strain (24T) was isolated from the sputum of a Chinese male human. Phylogenetic analysis using the 16S rRNA gene assigned strain 24T to the Mycobacterium gordonae complex, which includes Mycobacterium gordonae and Mycobacterium paragordonae. The phenotypic characteristics, unique mycolic acid profile and the results of phylogenetic analysis based on hsp65 and rpoB sequences strongly supported the taxonomic status of strain 24T as a representative of a species distinct from the other members of the M. gordonae complex. The genomic G+C content of strain 24T was 65.40mol%. Genomic comparisons showed that strain 24T and M. gordonae ATCC 14470T had an average nucleotide identity (ANI) value of 81.00 % and a DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) value of 22.80 %, while the ANI and DDH values between strain 24Tand M. paragordonae 49 061T were 80.98 and 22.80 %, respectively. In terms of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain 24T is distinguishable from its closest phylogenetic relatives and represents a novel species of the genus Mycobacterium, therefore the name Mycobacterium vicinigordonae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 24T (=CMCC 93559T=DSM 105979T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Liu
- Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan Institution of Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan 430030, PR China.,National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, PR China
| | - Xia Yu
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, PR China
| | - Jingjing Luo
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, PR China
| | - Yanjie Hu
- Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan Institution of Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan 430030, PR China.,National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, PR China
| | - Lingling Dong
- Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan Institution of Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Guanglu Jiang
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, PR China
| | - Fengmin Huo
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, PR China
| | - Fen Wang
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, PR China
| | - Qian Liang
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, PR China
| | - Hairong Huang
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, PR China
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Pavlik I, Gersl M, Bartos M, Ulmann V, Kaucka P, Caha J, Unc A, Hubelova D, Konecny O, Modra H. Nontuberculous mycobacteria in the environment of Hranice Abyss, the world's deepest flooded cave (Hranice karst, Czech Republic). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:23712-23724. [PMID: 29872987 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2450-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are widely distributed in the environment. On one hand, they are opportunistic pathogens for humans and animals, and on the other hand, they are effective in biodegradation of some persistent pollutants. Following the recently recorded large abundance of NTM in extreme geothermal environments, the aim of the study was to ascertain the occurrence of NTM in the extreme environment of the water zone of the Hranice Abyss (HA). The HA mineral water is acidic, with large concentrations of free CO2, and bacterial slimes creating characteristic mucilaginous formations. Both culture and molecular methods were used to compare the mycobacterial diversity across the linked but distinct ecosystems of HA and the adjacent Zbrašov Aragonite Caves (ZAC) with consideration of their pathogenic relevance. Six slowly growing NTM species (M. arupense, M. avium, M. florentinum, M. gordonae, M. intracellulare) and two rapidly growing NTM species (M. mucogenicum, M. sediminis) were identified in the water and in the dry zones at both sites. Proteobacteria were dominant in all the samples from both the HA and the ZAC. The bacterial microbiomes of the HA mineral water and HA slime were similar, but both differed from the microbiome in the ZAC mineral water. Actinobacteria, a phylum containing mycobacteria, was identified in all the samples at low proportional abundance. The majority of the detected NTM species belong among environmental opportunistic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Pavlik
- Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, tr. Generala Piky 7, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Gersl
- Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Bartos
- Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vit Ulmann
- Public Health Institute Ostrava, Partyzanske nam. 7, 702 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kaucka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Caha
- Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, tr. Generala Piky 7, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adrian Unc
- School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 20 University Drive, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Dana Hubelova
- Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, tr. Generala Piky 7, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Konecny
- Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, tr. Generala Piky 7, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Modra
- Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, tr. Generala Piky 7, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Gupta RS, Lo B, Son J. Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomic Studies Robustly Support Division of the Genus Mycobacterium into an Emended Genus Mycobacterium and Four Novel Genera. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:67. [PMID: 29497402 PMCID: PMC5819568 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Mycobacterium contains 188 species including several major human pathogens as well as numerous other environmental species. We report here comprehensive phylogenomics and comparative genomic analyses on 150 genomes of Mycobacterium species to understand their interrelationships. Phylogenetic trees were constructed for the 150 species based on 1941 core proteins for the genus Mycobacterium, 136 core proteins for the phylum Actinobacteria and 8 other conserved proteins. Additionally, the overall genome similarity amongst the Mycobacterium species was determined based on average amino acid identity of the conserved protein families. The results from these analyses consistently support the existence of five distinct monophyletic groups within the genus Mycobacterium at the highest level, which are designated as the "Tuberculosis-Simiae," "Terrae," "Triviale," "Fortuitum-Vaccae," and "Abscessus-Chelonae" clades. Some of these clades have also been observed in earlier phylogenetic studies. Of these clades, the "Abscessus-Chelonae" clade forms the deepest branching lineage and does not form a monophyletic grouping with the "Fortuitum-Vaccae" clade of fast-growing species. In parallel, our comparative analyses of proteins from mycobacterial genomes have identified 172 molecular signatures in the form of conserved signature indels and conserved signature proteins, which are uniquely shared by either all Mycobacterium species or by members of the five identified clades. The identified molecular signatures (or synapomorphies) provide strong independent evidence for the monophyly of the genus Mycobacterium and the five described clades and they provide reliable means for the demarcation of these clades and for their diagnostics. Based on the results of our comprehensive phylogenomic analyses and numerous identified molecular signatures, which consistently and strongly support the division of known mycobacterial species into the five described clades, we propose here division of the genus Mycobacterium into an emended genus Mycobacterium encompassing the "Tuberculosis-Simiae" clade, which includes all of the major human pathogens, and four novel genera viz. Mycolicibacterium gen. nov., Mycolicibacter gen. nov., Mycolicibacillus gen. nov. and Mycobacteroides gen. nov. corresponding to the "Fortuitum-Vaccae," "Terrae," "Triviale," and "Abscessus-Chelonae" clades, respectively. With the division of mycobacterial species into these five distinct groups, attention can now be focused on unique genetic and molecular characteristics that differentiate members of these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhey S. Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, CA, Canada
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Practice Guidelines for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Mycobacteria. Clin Microbiol Rev 2018; 31:31/2/e00038-17. [PMID: 29386234 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00038-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria are the causative organisms for diseases such as tuberculosis (TB), leprosy, Buruli ulcer, and pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease, to name the most important ones. In 2015, globally, almost 10 million people developed TB, and almost half a million patients suffered from its multidrug-resistant form. In 2016, a total of 9,287 new TB cases were reported in the United States. In 2015, there were 174,608 new case of leprosy worldwide. India, Brazil, and Indonesia reported the most leprosy cases. In 2015, the World Health Organization reported 2,037 new cases of Buruli ulcer, with most cases being reported in Africa. Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease is an emerging public health challenge. The U.S. National Institutes of Health reported an increase from 20 to 47 cases/100,000 persons (or 8.2% per year) of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease among adults aged 65 years or older throughout the United States, with 181,037 national annual cases estimated in 2014. This review describes contemporary methods for the laboratory diagnosis of mycobacterial diseases. Furthermore, the review considers the ever-changing health care delivery system and stresses the laboratory's need to adjust and embrace molecular technologies to provide shorter turnaround times and a higher quality of care for the patients who we serve.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) compose approximately one-half of the currently validated mycobacterial species and are divided into six major groups, including the
Mycobacterium fortuitum
group,
M. chelonae/M. abscessus
complex,
M. smegmatis
group,
M. mucogenicum
group,
M. mageritense
/
M. wolinskyi
, and the pigmented RGM. This review discusses each group and highlights the major types of infections associated with each group. Additionally, phenotypic and molecular laboratory identification methods, including gene sequencing, mass spectrometry, and the newly emerging whole-genome sequencing, are detailed, along with a discussion of the current antimicrobial susceptibility methods and patterns of the most common pathogenic species.
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13
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Microbiological features and clinical relevance of new species of the genus Mycobacterium. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 27:727-52. [PMID: 25278573 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00035-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are present in the environment, mainly in water, and are occasionally responsible for opportunistic infections in humans. Despite the fact that NTM are characterized by a moderate pathogenicity, the diseases caused by NTM at various body sites are increasing on a worldwide level. Among over 150 officially recognized NTM species, only two or three dozen are familiar to clinicians, and even to most microbiologists. In this paper, approximately 50 new species described in the last 8 years are reviewed, and their role in human infections is assessed on the basis of reported clinical cases. The small number of reports concerning most of the "new" mycobacterial species is responsible for the widespread conviction that they are very rare. Their role is actually largely underestimated, mainly because they often remain unrecognized and misidentified. Aiming to minimize such bias, emphasis has been placed on more common identification pitfalls. Together with new NTM, new members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex described in the last few years are also an object of the present review.
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Comparison of methods for the isolation of mycobacteria from water treatment plant sludge. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 107:1165-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang DF, Jiang Z, Zhang XM, Yang LL, Tian XP, Long LJ, Zhang S, Li WJ. Actinophytocola sediminis sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from a marine sediment. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:2834-2840. [PMID: 24867173 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.062638-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel actinomycete strain, designated YIM M13705(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample of the South China Sea and its characteristics were determined by a polyphasic approach. The slowly growing, Gram-stain-positive, aerobic strain produced branched substrate mycelium and aerial hyphae, and no diffusible pigment was produced on the media tested. At maturity, spore chains were formed on aerial hyphae and substrate mycelium was not fragmented. Whole-cell hydrolysates of the strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and galactose, glucose, ribose and rhamnose. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H4) and MK-10(H2). The polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and ninhydrin-positive phosphoglycolipids. The major fatty acid was iso-C(16 : 0). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.2 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, the strain was shown to be most closely related to species of the genus Actinophytocola. DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values (<70%) of the isolate with its closest neighbour Actinophytocola xinjiangensis QAIII60(T) supported classification of the isolate as a representative of a novel species. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and genotypic data, it is concluded that the new isolate belongs to a novel species of the genus Actinophytocola, for which the name Actinophytocola sediminis sp. nov. (type strain YIM M13705(T) = DSM 45939(T) = BCRC 16956(T)) is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Feng Zhang
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety & Bor Luh Food Safety Center, School of Agriculture and Biology & State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education and Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Zhao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education and Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education and Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Ling-Ling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education and Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Xin-Peng Tian
- Key laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, CAS; RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, CAS; Guangdong Key laboratory of Marine Materia Medica; South China Sea institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Li-Juan Long
- Key laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, CAS; RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, CAS; Guangdong Key laboratory of Marine Materia Medica; South China Sea institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Si Zhang
- Key laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, CAS; RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, CAS; Guangdong Key laboratory of Marine Materia Medica; South China Sea institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education and Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
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Zhang DF, Wang HF, Xiong ZJ, Tian XP, Liu L, Zhang XM, Jiang Z, Zhang S, Li WJ. Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Propionibacteriaceae, isolated from a deep-sea sediment. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 64:1051-1056. [PMID: 24363295 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.058404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccus, designated strain YIM M13146(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the South China Sea at a depth of 2439 m, and its taxonomic position was determined by a polyphasic approach. Optimal growth of the strain was observed at 30 °C (range 5-40 °C), pH 7.0 (pH 6.0-9.0) and 0-1% NaCl (0-6%, w/v) on/in tryptic soy agar/broth. Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. The G+C content of the DNA was 67.2 mol%. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics together with 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain YIM M13146(T) was distinct from its close phylogenetic relatives in the genera Propioniferax and Granulicoccus of the family Propionibacteriaceae. Hence, a new genus and species, Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of Mariniluteicoccus flavus is YIM M13146(T) ( = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education and Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, CAS, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, PR China
| | - Hong-Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, CAS, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, PR China
| | - Zi-Jun Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education and Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Xin-Peng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, CAS; RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, CAS; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica; and South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Lan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education and Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education and Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Zhao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education and Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Si Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, CAS; RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, CAS; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica; and South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education and Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, CAS, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, PR China
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