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Suresh M, Sai KV, Mitra K, Ravindran R, Doble M. A network pharmacology-based approach to understand the mechanism of action of anti-mycobacterial activity of Acacia nilotica: a modelling and experimental study. Mol Divers 2025; 29:2227-2242. [PMID: 39292406 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10985-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The rapid rise in drug-resistant tuberculosis poses a serious threat to public health and demands the discovery of new anti-mycobacterial agents. Medicinal plants are a proven potential source of bioactive compounds; however, identifying those responsible for the putative anti-mycobacterial action still remains a challenging task. In this study, we undertook a systematic network pharmacology approach to identify and evaluate anti-mycobacterial compounds from a traditional plant, Acacia nilotica, as a model system. The protein-protein interaction network revealed 17 key pathways in M. tuberculosis encompassing 40 unique druggable targets that are necessary for its growth and survival. The phytochemicals of A. nilotica were preferentially found to interfere with the cell division and cell wall biogenesis proteins, especially FtsZ and Mur. Notably, the compounds epigallocatechin, ellagic acid, chlorogenic acid, and D-pinitol were found to exhibit a potential polypharmacological effect against multiple proteins. Further, in vitro studies confirmed that the selected candidates, chlorogenic acid, and ellagic acid exhibited potent anti-mycobacterial activity (against M. smegmatis) with specific inhibition of purified M.tb FtsZ enzyme. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that network pharmacology combined with molecular docking can be utilized as an efficient approach to identify potential bioactive phytochemicals from natural products along with their mechanism of action. Hence, the compounds identified in this study can be potential lead candidates for developing novel anti-mycobacterial drugs, while the key proteins identified here can be potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumitha Suresh
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Kadambari Vijay Sai
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Kartik Mitra
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
| | - Radhika Ravindran
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Department of Biotechnology, Theevanam Additives Nutraceuts Pvt Ltd, IITM Bioincubator, IIT Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai, 600077, India
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2
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Gao T, Li T, Zhu J, Zheng L, Chen M, Liu W, Yang K, Zhang T, Yuan F, Liu Z, Guo R, Li C, Wu Q, Tian Y, Zhou R, Zhou D. Identification of SepF in Streptococcus suis involving cell division. BMC Microbiol 2025; 25:179. [PMID: 40165076 PMCID: PMC11956251 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-025-03919-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2025] [Accepted: 03/20/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a major zoonotic pathogen that infects humans and pigs. The increasing emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance bacteria accelerates the urgent need to develop novel drug targets. Bacterial cell divisome is attractive target. FtsZ, an essential tubulin-like protein, forms a Z-ring that executes the synthesis of the divisome. However, the exact division process of S. suis remains unknown. RESULTS here, we reported a SepF homolog from S. suis that modulated the function of FtsZ. sepF disruption was not lethal and its deletion mutant (∆sepF) displayed normal growth rate. ∆sepF exhibited long chains, occasionally anuclear daughter cells. Electron microscope revealed that the lack of SepF in cells led to abnormal septum which twisted out of shape, and disturbed cell division due to an increased length-width ratio and multiple septal peptidoglycan wall in a cell compared to the wild type strain. Mechanistic studies showed that SepF interacted with FtsZ to promote the bundling of FtsZ protofilaments. Furthermore, sub-cellular localization of FtsZ-GFP in ∆sepF also confirmed the abnormal septum and cell morphology. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that SepF was a cell division protein in S. suis responsible for maintaining cell shape and regulating FtsZ localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Linlin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory Animal Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mo Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Keli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongxiang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Danna Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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3
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Shinde Y, Pathan A, Chinnam S, Rathod G, Patil B, Dhangar M, Mathew B, Kim H, Mundada A, Kukreti N, Ahmad I, Patel H. Mycobacterial FtsZ and inhibitors: a promising target for the anti-tubercular drug development. Mol Divers 2024; 28:3457-3478. [PMID: 38010605 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10759-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) strains has rendered many anti-TB drugs ineffective. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify new drug targets against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Filament Forming Temperature Sensitive Gene Z (FtsZ), a member of the cytoskeletal protein family, plays a vital role in cell division by forming a cytokinetic ring at the cell's center and coordinating the division machinery. When FtsZ is depleted, cells are unable to divide and instead elongate into filamentous structures that eventually undergo lysis. Since the inactivation of FtsZ or alterations in its assembly impede the formation of the Z-ring and septum, FtsZ shows promise as a target for the development of anti-mycobacterial drugs. This review not only discusses the potential role of FtsZ as a promising pharmacological target for anti-tuberculosis therapies but also explores the structural and functional aspects of the mycobacterial protein FtsZ in cell division. Additionally, it reviews various inhibitors of Mtb FtsZ. By understanding the importance of FtsZ in cell division, researchers can explore strategies to disrupt its function, impeding the growth and proliferation of Mtb. Furthermore, the investigation of different inhibitors that target Mtb FtsZ expands the potential for developing effective treatments against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashodeep Shinde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Asama Pathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Sampath Chinnam
- Department of Chemistry, M. S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology (Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum), Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Gajanan Rathod
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Bhatu Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Mayur Dhangar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 690525, India
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Anand Mundada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University-Dehradun, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Harun Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India.
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4
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Meyer FM, Bramkamp M. Cell wall synthesizing complexes in Mycobacteriales. Curr Opin Microbiol 2024; 79:102478. [PMID: 38653035 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Members of the order Mycobacteriales are distinguished by a characteristic diderm cell envelope, setting them apart from other Actinobacteria species. In addition to the conventional peptidoglycan cell wall, these organisms feature an extra polysaccharide polymer composed of arabinose and galactose, termed arabinogalactan. The nonreducing ends of arabinose are covalently linked to mycolic acids (MAs), forming the immobile inner leaflet of the highly hydrophobic MA membrane. The contiguous outer leaflet of the MA membrane comprises trehalose mycolates and various lipid species. Similar to all actinobacteria, Mycobacteriales exhibit apical growth, facilitated by a polar localized elongasome complex. A septal cell envelope synthesis machinery, the divisome, builds instead of the cell wall structures during cytokinesis. In recent years, a growing body of knowledge has emerged regarding the cell wall synthesizing complexes of Mycobacteriales., focusing particularly on three model species: Corynebacterium glutamicum, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian M Meyer
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Marc Bramkamp
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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5
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Jaisinghani N, Previti ML, Andrade J, Askenazi M, Ueberheide B, Seeliger JC. Proteomics from compartment-specific APEX2 labeling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals Type VII secretion substrates in the cell wall. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:523-533.e4. [PMID: 37967559 PMCID: PMC11106752 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The cell wall of mycobacteria plays a key role in interactions with the environment. Its ability to act as a selective filter is crucial to bacterial survival. Proteins in the cell wall enable this function by mediating the import and export of diverse metabolites, from ions to lipids to proteins. Identifying cell wall proteins is an important step in assigning function, especially as many mycobacterial proteins lack functionally characterized homologues. Current methods for protein localization have inherent limitations that reduce accuracy. Here we showed that although chemical labeling of live cells did not exclusively label surface proteins, protein tagging by the engineered peroxidase APEX2 within live Mycobacterium tuberculosis accurately identified the cytosolic and cell wall proteomes. Our data indicate that substrates of the virulence-associated Type VII ESX secretion system are exposed to the periplasm, providing insight into the currently unknown mechanism by which these proteins cross the mycobacterial cell envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetika Jaisinghani
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Mary L Previti
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Joshua Andrade
- Proteomics Laboratory, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Beatrix Ueberheide
- Proteomics Laboratory, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jessica C Seeliger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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6
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Valladares A, Picossi S, Corrales-Guerrero L, Herrero A. The role of SepF in cell division and diazotrophic growth in the multicellular cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120. Microbiol Res 2023; 277:127489. [PMID: 37716126 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
The cyanobacterium Anabaena forms filaments of cells that grow by intercalary cell division producing adjoined daughter cells connected by septal junction protein complexes that provide filament cohesion and intercellular communication, representing a genuine case of bacterial multicellularity. In spite of their diderm character, cyanobacterial genomes encode homologs of SepF, a protein normally found in Gram-positive bacteria. In Anabaena, SepF is an essential protein that localized to the cell division ring and the intercellular septa. Overexpression of sepF had detrimental effects on growth, provoking conspicuous alterations in cell morphology that resemble the phenotype of mutants impaired in cell division, and altered the localization of the division-ring. SepF interacted with FtsZ and with the essential FtsZ tether ZipN. Whereas SepF from unicellular bacteria generally induces the bundling of FtsZ filaments, Anabaena SepF inhibited FtsZ bundling, reducing the thickness of the toroidal aggregates formed by FtsZ alone and eventually preventing FtsZ polymerization. Thus, in Anabaena SepF appears to have an essential role in cell division by limiting the polymerization of FtsZ to allow the correct formation and localization of the Z-ring. Expression of sepF is downregulated during heterocyst differentiation, likely contributing to the inhibition of Z-ring formation in heterocysts. Finally, the localization of SepF in intercellular septa and its interaction with the septal-junction related proteins SepJ and SepI suggest a role of SepF in the formation or stability of the septal complexes that mediate cell-cell adhesion and communication, processes that are key for the multicellular behavior of Anabaena.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Valladares
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - S Picossi
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - L Corrales-Guerrero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - A Herrero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
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7
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Jaisinghani N, Previti ML, Andrade J, Askenazi M, Ueberheide B, Seeliger JC. Cell wall proteomics in live Mycobacterium tuberculosis uncovers exposure of ESX substrates to the periplasm. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.29.534792. [PMID: 37034674 PMCID: PMC10081232 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.29.534792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The cell wall of mycobacteria plays a key role in interactions with the environment and its ability to act as a selective filter is crucial to bacterial survival. Proteins in the cell wall enable this function by mediating the import and export of diverse metabolites from ions to lipids to proteins. Accurately identifying cell wall proteins is an important step in assigning function, especially as many mycobacterial proteins lack functionally characterized homologues. Current methods for protein localization have inherent limitations that reduce accuracy. Here we showed that protein tagging by the engineered peroxidase APEX2 within live Mycobacterium tuberculosis enabled the accurate identification of the cytosolic and cell wall proteomes. Our data indicate that substrates of the virulence-associated Type VII ESX secretion system are exposed to the Mtb periplasm, providing insight into the currently unknown mechanism by which these proteins cross the mycobacterial cell envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetika Jaisinghani
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Mary L Previti
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Joshua Andrade
- Proteomics Laboratory, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Beatrix Ueberheide
- Proteomics Laboratory, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jessica C Seeliger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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8
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Smrt ST, Escobar CA, Dey S, Cross TA, Zhou HX. An Arg/Ala-rich helix in the N-terminal region of M. tuberculosis FtsQ is a potential membrane anchor of the Z-ring. Commun Biol 2023; 6:311. [PMID: 36959324 PMCID: PMC10036325 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04686-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mtb infects a quarter of the worldwide population. Most drugs for treating tuberculosis target cell growth and division. With rising drug resistance, it becomes ever more urgent to better understand Mtb cell division. This process begins with the formation of the Z-ring via polymerization of FtsZ and anchoring of the Z-ring to the inner membrane. Here we show that the transmembrane protein FtsQ is a potential membrane anchor of the Mtb Z-ring. In the otherwise disordered cytoplasmic region of FtsQ, a 29-residue, Arg/Ala-rich α-helix is formed that interacts with upstream acidic residues in solution and with acidic lipids at the membrane surface. This helix also binds to the GTPase domain of FtsZ, with implications for drug binding and Z-ring formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Smrt
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Cristian A Escobar
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Souvik Dey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Timothy A Cross
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
| | - Huan-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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9
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Zhang L, Willemse J, Yagüe P, de Waal E, Claessen D, van Wezel GP. The SepF-like proteins SflA and SflB prevent ectopic localization of FtsZ and DivIVA during sporulation of Streptomyces coelicolor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 645:79-87. [PMID: 36680940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cytokinesis starts with the polymerization of the tubulin-like FtsZ, which forms the cell division scaffold. SepF aligns FtsZ polymers and also acts as a membrane anchor for the Z-ring. While in most bacteria cell division takes place at midcell, during sporulation of Streptomyces many septa are laid down almost simultaneously in multinucleoid aerial hyphae. The genomes of streptomycetes encode two additional SepF paralogs, SflA and SflB, which can interact with SepF. Here we show that the sporogenic aerial hyphae of sflA and sflB mutants of Streptomyces coelicolor frequently branch, a phenomenon never seen in the wild-type strain. The branching coincided with ectopic localization of DivIVA along the lateral wall of sporulating aerial hyphae. Constitutive expression of SflA and SflB largely inhibited hyphal growth, further correlating SflAB activity to that of DivIVA. SflAB localized in foci prior to and after the time of sporulation-specific cell division, while SepF co-localized with active septum synthesis. Foci of FtsZ and DivIVA frequently persisted between adjacent spores in spore chains of sflA and sflB mutants, at sites occupied by SflAB in wild-type cells. Taken together, our data show that SflA and SflB play an important role in the control of growth and cell division during Streptomyces development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, Leiden, 2300, AB, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Willemse
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, Leiden, 2300, AB, the Netherlands
| | - Paula Yagüe
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e IUOPA, Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - Ellen de Waal
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, Leiden, 2300, AB, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis Claessen
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, Leiden, 2300, AB, the Netherlands
| | - Gilles P van Wezel
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, Leiden, 2300, AB, the Netherlands.
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10
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Identification of anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis agents targeting the interaction of bacterial division proteins FtsZ and SepF. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:2056-2070. [PMID: 37250168 PMCID: PMC10213792 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadly diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which presents a significant public health challenge. Treatment of TB relies on the combination of several anti-TB drugs to create shorter and safer regimens. Therefore, new anti-TB agents working by different mechanisms are urgently needed. FtsZ, a tubulin-like protein with GTPase activity, forms a dynamic Z-ring in cell division. Most of FtsZ inhibitors are designed to inhibit GTPase activity. In Mtb, the function of Z-ring is modulated by SepF, a FtsZ binding protein. The FtsZ/SepF interaction is essential for FtsZ bundling and localization at the site of division. Here, we established a yeast two-hybrid based screening system to identify inhibitors of FtsZ/SepF interaction in M. tuberculosis. Using this system, we found compound T0349 showing strong anti-Mtb activity but with low toxicity to other bacteria strains and mice. Moreover, we have demonstrated that T0349 binds specifically to SepF to block FtsZ/SepF interaction by GST pull-down, fluorescence polarization (FP), surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and CRISPRi knockdown assays. Furthermore, T0349 can inhibit bacterial cell division by inducing filamentation and abnormal septum. Our data demonstrated that FtsZ/SepF interaction is a promising anti-TB drug target for identifying agents with novel mechanisms.
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11
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Alonso-Fernández S, Arribas-Díez I, Fernández-García G, González-Quiñónez N, Jensen ON, Manteca A. Quantitative phosphoproteome analysis of Streptomyces coelicolor by immobilized zirconium (IV) affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry reveals novel regulated protein phosphorylation sites and sequence motifs. J Proteomics 2022; 269:104719. [PMID: 36089190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Streptomycetes are multicellular gram-positive bacteria that produce many bioactive compounds, including antibiotics, antitumorals and immunosuppressors. The Streptomyces phosphoproteome remains largely uncharted even though protein phosphorylation at Ser/Thr/Tyr is known to modulate morphological differentiation and specialized metabolic processes. We here expand the S. coelicolor phosphoproteome by optimised immobilized zirconium (IV) affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify phosphoproteins at the vegetative and sporulating stages. We mapped 361 phosphorylation sites (41% pSer, 56.2% pThr, 2.8% pTyr) and discovered four novel Thr phosphorylation motifs ("Kxxxx(pT)xxxxK", "DxE(pT)", "D(pT)" and "Exxxxx(pT)") in 351 phosphopeptides derived from 187 phosphoproteins. We identified 154 novel phosphoproteins, thereby almost doubling the number of experimentally verified Streptomyces phosphoproteins. Novel phosphoproteins included cell division proteins (FtsK, CrgA) and specialized metabolism regulators (ArgR, AfsR, CutR and HrcA) that were differentially phosphorylated in the vegetative and in the antibiotic producing sporulating stages. Phosphoproteins involved in primary metabolism included 27 novel ribosomal proteins that were phosphorylated during the vegetative stage. Phosphorylation of these proteins likely participate in the intricate and incompletely understood regulation of Streptomyces development and secondary metabolism. We conclude that Zr(IV)-IMAC is an efficient and sensitive method to study protein phosphorylation and regulation in bacteria and enhance our understanding of bacterial signalling. SIGNIFICANCE: Two thirds of the secondary metabolites used in clinic, especially antibiotics, were discovered in Streptomyces strains. Antibiotic resistance became one of the major challenges in clinic, and new antibiotics are urgently required in clinic. Next-generation sequencing analyses revealed that streptomycetes harbour many cryptic secondary metabolite pathways, i.e. pathways not expressed in the laboratory. Secondary metabolism is tightly connected with hypha differentiation and sporulation, and understanding Streptomyces differentiation is one of the main challenges in industrial microbiology, in order to activate the expression of cryptic pathways in the laboratory. Protein phosphorylation at Ser/Thr/Tyr modulates development and secondary metabolism, but the Streptomyces phosphoproteome is still largely uncharted. Previous S. coelicolor phosphoproteomic studies used TiO2 affinity enrichment and LC-MS/MS identifying a total of 184 Streptomyces phosphoproteins. Here, we used by first time zirconium (IV) affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry, identifying 186 S. coelicolor phosphoproteins. Most of these phosphoproteins (154) were not identified in previous phosphoproteomic studies using TiO2 affinity enrichment. Thereby we almost doubling the number of experimentally verified Streptomyces phosphoproteins. Zr(IV)-IMAC affinity chromatography also worked in E. coli, allowing the identification of phosphoproteins that were not identified by TiO2 affinity chromatography. We conclude that Zr(IV)-IMAC is an efficient and sensitive method for studies of protein phosphorylation and regulation in bacteria to enhance our understanding of bacterial signalling networks. Moreover, the new Streptomyces phosphoproteins identified will contribute to design further works to understand and modulate Streptomyces secondary metabolism activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Alonso-Fernández
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, IUOPA, ISPA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Arribas-Díez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Gemma Fernández-García
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, IUOPA, ISPA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nathaly González-Quiñónez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, IUOPA, ISPA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ole N Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Angel Manteca
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, IUOPA, ISPA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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12
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Zhang C, Liu W, Deng J, Ma S, Chang Z, Yang J. Structural Insights into the Interaction between Bacillus subtilis SepF Assembly and FtsZ by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:5219-5230. [PMID: 35799411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c02810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In many species of Gram-positive bacteria, SepF participated in the membrane tethering of FtsZ Z-ring during bacteria division. However, atomic-level details of interaction between SepF and FtsZ in an assembled state are lacking. Here, by combining solid-state NMR (SSNMR) with biochemical analyses, the interaction of Bacillus subtilis SepF and the C-terminal domain (CTD) of FtsZ was investigated. We obtained near complete chemical shift assignments of SepF and determined the structural model of the SepF monomer. Interaction with FtsZ-CTD caused further packing of SepF rings, and SSNMR experiments revealed the affected residues locating at α1, α2, β3, and β4 of SepF. Solution NMR experiments of dimeric SepF constructed by point mutation strategy proved a prerequisite role of α-α interface formation in SepF for FtsZ binding. Overall, our results provide structural insights into the mechanisms of SepF-FtsZ interaction for better understanding the function of SepF in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.,National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jing Deng
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Shaojie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.,National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Chang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.,National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
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13
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Chengalroyen MD, Mason MK, Borsellini A, Tassoni R, Abrahams GL, Lynch S, Ahn YM, Ambler J, Young K, Crowley BM, Olsen DB, Warner DF, Barry III CE, Boshoff HIM, Lamers MH, Mizrahi V. DNA-Dependent Binding of Nargenicin to DnaE1 Inhibits Replication in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:612-625. [PMID: 35143160 PMCID: PMC8922275 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural products provide a rich source of potential antimicrobials for treating infectious diseases for which drug resistance has emerged. Foremost among these diseases is tuberculosis. Assessment of the antimycobacterial activity of nargenicin, a natural product that targets the replicative DNA polymerase of Staphylococcus aureus, revealed that it is a bactericidal genotoxin that induces a DNA damage response in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and inhibits growth by blocking the replicative DNA polymerase, DnaE1. Cryo-electron microscopy revealed that binding of nargenicin to Mtb DnaE1 requires the DNA substrate such that nargenicin is wedged between the terminal base pair and the polymerase and occupies the position of both the incoming nucleotide and templating base. Comparative analysis across three bacterial species suggests that the activity of nargenicin is partly attributable to the DNA binding affinity of the replicative polymerase. This work has laid the foundation for target-led drug discovery efforts focused on Mtb DnaE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa D. Chengalroyen
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT
Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence
for Biomedical TB Research, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular
Medicine and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Mandy K. Mason
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT
Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence
for Biomedical TB Research, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular
Medicine and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Alessandro Borsellini
- Cell
and Chemical Biology, Leiden University
Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Raffaella Tassoni
- Cell
and Chemical Biology, Leiden University
Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Garth L. Abrahams
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT
Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence
for Biomedical TB Research, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular
Medicine and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, South Africa
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease,
National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United
States
| | - Sasha Lynch
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT
Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence
for Biomedical TB Research, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular
Medicine and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Yong-Mo Ahn
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease,
National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United
States
| | - Jon Ambler
- Wellcome
Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Katherine Young
- Infectious
Disease, Merck & Co. Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19446, United States
| | - Brendan M. Crowley
- Discovery
Chemistry, Merck & Co. Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19446, United States
| | - David B. Olsen
- Infectious
Disease, Merck & Co. Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19446, United States
| | - Digby F. Warner
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT
Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence
for Biomedical TB Research, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular
Medicine and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Clifton E. Barry III
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease,
National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United
States
| | - Helena I. M. Boshoff
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease,
National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United
States
| | - Meindert H. Lamers
- Cell
and Chemical Biology, Leiden University
Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Valerie Mizrahi
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT
Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence
for Biomedical TB Research, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular
Medicine and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, South Africa
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14
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The archaeal protein SepF is essential for cell division in Haloferax volcanii. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3469. [PMID: 34103513 PMCID: PMC8187382 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In most bacteria, cell division depends on the tubulin homolog FtsZ and other proteins, such as SepF, that form a complex termed the divisome. Cell division also depends on FtsZ in many archaea, but other components of the divisome are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that a SepF homolog plays important roles in cell division in Haloferax volcanii, a halophilic archaeon that is known to have two FtsZ homologs with slightly different functions (FtsZ1 and FtsZ2). SepF co-localizes with both FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 at midcell. Attempts to generate a sepF deletion mutant were unsuccessful, suggesting an essential role. Indeed, SepF depletion leads to severe cell division defects and formation of large cells. Overexpression of FtsZ1-GFP or FtsZ2-GFP in SepF-depleted cells results in formation of filamentous cells with a high number of FtsZ1 rings, while the number of FtsZ2 rings is not affected. Pull-down assays support that SepF interacts with FtsZ2 but not with FtsZ1, although SepF appears delocalized in the absence of FtsZ1. Archaeal SepF homologs lack a glycine residue known to be important for polymerization and function in bacteria, and purified H. volcanii SepF forms dimers, suggesting that polymerization might not be important for the function of archaeal SepF.
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15
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Abstract
The division and cell wall (dcw) cluster is a highly conserved region of the bacterial genome consisting of genes that encode several cell division and cell wall synthesis factors, including the central division protein FtsZ. The region immediately downstream of ftsZ encodes the ylm genes and is conserved across diverse lineages of Gram-positive bacteria and Cyanobacteria In some organisms, this region remains part of the dcw cluster, but in others, it appears as an independent operon. A well-studied protein coded from this region is the positive FtsZ regulator SepF (YlmF), which anchors FtsZ to the membrane. Recent developments have shed light on the importance of SepF in a range of species. Additionally, new studies are highlighting the importance of the other conserved genes in this neighborhood. In this minireview, we aim to bring together the current research linking the ylm region to cell division and highlight further questions surrounding these conserved genes.
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16
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Rajestary R, Landi L, Romanazzi G. Chitosan and postharvest decay of fresh fruit: Meta‐analysis of disease control and antimicrobial and eliciting activities. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:563-582. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Rajestary
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences Marche Polytechnic University Via Brecce Bianche 10 Ancona Italy
| | - Lucia Landi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences Marche Polytechnic University Via Brecce Bianche 10 Ancona Italy
| | - Gianfranco Romanazzi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences Marche Polytechnic University Via Brecce Bianche 10 Ancona Italy
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17
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Veyron-Churlet R, Locht C. In Vivo Methods to Study Protein-Protein Interactions as Key Players in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Virulence. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040173. [PMID: 31581602 PMCID: PMC6963305 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on protein–protein interactions (PPI) can be helpful for the annotation of unknown protein functions and for the understanding of cellular processes, such as specific virulence mechanisms developed by bacterial pathogens. In that context, several methods have been extensively used in recent years for the characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis PPI to further decipher tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis. This review aims at compiling the most striking results based on in vivo methods (yeast and bacterial two-hybrid systems, protein complementation assays) for the specific study of PPI in mycobacteria. Moreover, newly developed methods, such as in-cell native mass resonance and proximity-dependent biotinylation identification, will have a deep impact on future mycobacterial research, as they are able to perform dynamic (transient interactions) and integrative (multiprotein complexes) analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Veyron-Churlet
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Université de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Camille Locht
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Université de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
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18
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Application of the CRISPRi system to repress sepF expression in Mycobacterium smegmatis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 72:183-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Direct Interaction between the Two Z Ring Membrane Anchors FtsA and ZipA. J Bacteriol 2019; 201:JB.00579-18. [PMID: 30478085 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00579-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The initiation of Escherichia coli cell division requires three proteins, FtsZ, FtsA, and ZipA, which assemble in a dynamic ring-like structure at midcell. Along with the transmembrane protein ZipA, the actin-like FtsA helps to tether treadmilling polymers of tubulin-like FtsZ to the membrane. In addition to forming homo-oligomers, FtsA and ZipA interact directly with the C-terminal conserved domain of FtsZ. Gain-of-function mutants of FtsA are deficient in forming oligomers and can bypass the need for ZipA, suggesting that ZipA may normally function to disrupt FtsA oligomers, although no direct interaction between FtsA and ZipA has been reported. Here, we use in vivo cross-linking to show that FtsA and ZipA indeed interact directly. We identify the exposed surface of FtsA helix 7, which also participates in binding to ATP through its internal surface, as a key interface needed for the interaction with ZipA. This interaction suggests that FtsZ's membrane tethers may regulate each other's activities.IMPORTANCE To divide, most bacteria first construct a protein machine at the plane of division and then recruit the machinery that will synthesize the division septum. In Escherichia coli, this first stage involves the assembly of FtsZ polymers at midcell, which directly bind to membrane-associated proteins FtsA and ZipA to form a discontinuous ring structure. Although FtsZ directly binds both FtsA and ZipA, it is unclear why FtsZ requires two separate membrane tethers. Here, we uncover a new direct interaction between the tethers, which involves a helix within FtsA that is adjacent to its ATP binding pocket. Our findings imply that in addition to their known roles as FtsZ membrane anchors, FtsA and ZipA may regulate each other's structure and function.
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20
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Gorla P, Plocinska R, Sarva K, Satsangi AT, Pandeeti E, Donnelly R, Dziadek J, Rajagopalan M, Madiraju MV. MtrA Response Regulator Controls Cell Division and Cell Wall Metabolism and Affects Susceptibility of Mycobacteria to the First Line Antituberculosis Drugs. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2839. [PMID: 30532747 PMCID: PMC6265350 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological processes regulated by the essential response regulator MtrA and the growth conditions promoting its activation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow grower and pathogen, are largely unknown. Here, using a gain-of-function mutant, MtrAY 102C, which functions in the absence of the cognate MtrB sensor kinase, we show that the MtrA regulon includes several genes involved in the processes of cell division and cell wall metabolism. The expression of selected MtrA targets and intracellular MtrA levels were compromised under replication arrest induced by genetic manipulation and under stress conditions caused by toxic radicals. The loss of the mtrA gene in M. smegmatis, a rapid grower and non-pathogen, produced filamentous cells with branches and bulges, indicating defects in cell division and cell shape. The ΔmtrA mutant was sensitized to rifampicin and vancomycin and became more resistant to isoniazid, the first line antituberculosis drug. Our data are consistent with the proposal that MtrA controls the optimal cell division, cell wall integrity, and susceptibility to some antimycobacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purushotham Gorla
- Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Renata Plocinska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Krishna Sarva
- Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Akash T Satsangi
- Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Emmanuel Pandeeti
- Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Robert Donnelly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Jaroslaw Dziadek
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Malini Rajagopalan
- Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Murty V Madiraju
- Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, TX, United States
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21
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Mutation of G51 in SepF impairs FtsZ assembly promoting ability of SepF and retards the division of Mycobacterium smegmatis cells. Biochem J 2018; 475:2473-2489. [PMID: 30006469 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of FtsZ-associated proteins in the regulation of the assembly dynamics of Mycobacterium smegmatis FtsZ is not clear. In this work, we examined the effect of M. smegmatis SepF on the assembly and stability of M. smegmatis FtsZ polymers. We discovered a single dominant point mutation in SepF (G51D or G51R) that renders the protein inactive. SepF promoted the polymerization of FtsZ, induced the bundling of FtsZ filaments, stabilized FtsZ filaments and reduced the GTPase activity of FtsZ. Surprisingly, both G51D-SepF and G51R-SepF neither stabilized FtsZ filaments nor showed a discernable effect on the GTPase activity of FtsZ. The binding affinity of SepF to FtsZ was found to be stronger than the binding affinity of G51R/D-SepF to FtsZ. Interestingly, the binding affinity of SepF to G51R-SepF was determined to be 45 times stronger than FtsZ. In addition, the interaction of SepF with G51R-SepF was found to be 2.6 times stronger than SepF-SepF interaction. Furthermore, G51R-SepF impaired the ability of SepF to promote the assembly of FtsZ. In addition, the overexpression of G51R-SepF in M. smegmatis mc2 155 cells retarded the proliferation of these cells and increased the average length of the cells. The results indicated that SepF positively regulates the assembly of M. smegmatis FtsZ and the G51 residue has an important role in the functioning of SepF.
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22
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Jain P, Malakar B, Khan MZ, Lochab S, Singh A, Nandicoori VK. Delineating FtsQ-mediated regulation of cell division in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:12331-12349. [PMID: 29903917 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying and characterizing the individual contributors to bacterial cellular elongation and division will improve our understanding of their impact on cell growth and division. Here, we delineated the role of ftsQ, a terminal gene of the highly conserved division cell wall (dcw) operon, in growth, survival, and cell length maintenance in the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). We found that FtsQ overexpression significantly increases the cell length and number of multiseptate cells. FtsQ depletion in Mtb resulted in cells that were shorter than WT cells during the initial growth stages (4 days after FtsQ depletion) but were longer than WT cells at later stages (10 days after FtsQ depletion) and compromised the survival in vitro and in differentiated THP1 macrophages. Overexpression of N- and C-terminal FtsQ regions altered the cell length, and the C-terminal domain alone complemented the FtsQ depletion phenotype. MS analyses suggested robust FtsQ phosphorylation on Thr-24, and although phosphoablative and -mimetic mutants rescued the FtsQ depletion-associated cell viability defects, they failed to complement the cell length defects. MS and coimmunoprecipitation experiments identified 63 FtsQ-interacting partners, and we show that the interaction of FtsQ with the recently identified cell division protein SepIVA is independent of FtsQ phosphorylation and suggests a role of FtsQ in modulating cell division. FtsQ exhibited predominantly septal localization in both the presence and absence of SepIVA. Our results suggest a role for FtsQ in modulating the length, division, and survival of Mtb cells both in vitro and in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Jain
- From the National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067 and
| | - Basanti Malakar
- From the National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067 and
| | - Mehak Zahoor Khan
- From the National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067 and
| | - Savita Lochab
- From the National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067 and
| | - Archana Singh
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
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23
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Puffal J, García-Heredia A, Rahlwes KC, Siegrist MS, Morita YS. Spatial control of cell envelope biosynthesis in mycobacteria. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:4953754. [DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Puffal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Alam García-Heredia
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Kathryn C Rahlwes
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - M Sloan Siegrist
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yasu S Morita
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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24
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Characterization of Conserved and Novel Septal Factors in Mycobacterium smegmatis. J Bacteriol 2018; 200:JB.00649-17. [PMID: 29311277 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00649-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Septation in bacteria requires coordinated regulation of cell wall biosynthesis and hydrolysis enzymes so that new septal cross-wall can be appropriately constructed without compromising the integrity of the existing cell wall. Bacteria with different modes of growth and different types of cell wall require different regulators to mediate cell growth and division processes. Mycobacteria have both a cell wall structure and a mode of growth that are distinct from well-studied model organisms and use several different regulatory mechanisms. Here, using Mycobacterium smegmatis, we identify and characterize homologs of the conserved cell division regulators FtsL and FtsB, and show that they appear to function similarly to their homologs in Escherichia coli We identify a number of previously undescribed septally localized factors which could be involved in cell wall regulation. One of these, SepIVA, has a DivIVA domain, is required for mycobacterial septation, and is localized to the septum and the intracellular membrane domain. We propose that SepIVA is a regulator of cell wall precursor enzymes that contribute to construction of the septal cross-wall, similar to the putative elongation function of the other mycobacterial DivIVA homolog, Wag31.IMPORTANCE The enzymes that build bacterial cell walls are essential for cell survival but can cause cell lysis if misregulated; thus, their regulators are also essential. The number and nature of these regulators is likely to vary in bacteria that grow in different ways. The mycobacteria are a genus that have a cell wall whose composition and construction vary greatly from those of well-studied model organisms. In this work, we identify and characterize some of the proteins that regulate the mycobacterial cell wall. We find that some of these regulators appear to be functionally conserved with their structural homologs in evolutionarily distant species such as Escherichia coli, but other proteins have critical regulatory functions that may be unique to the actinomycetes.
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25
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Oliveira AF, Folador EL, Gomide ACP, Goes-Neto A, Azevedo VAC, Wattam AR. Cell Division in genus Corynebacterium: protein-protein interaction and molecular docking of SepF and FtsZ in the understanding of cytokinesis in pathogenic species. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 90:2179-2188. [PMID: 29451601 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Corynebacterium includes species of great importance in medical, veterinary and biotechnological fields. The genus-specific families (PLfams) from PATRIC have been used to observe conserved proteins associated to all species. Our results showed a large number of conserved proteins that are associated with the cellular division process. Was not observe in our results other proteins like FtsA and ZapA that interact with FtsZ. Our findings point that SepF overlaps the function of this proteins explored by molecular docking, protein-protein interaction and sequence analysis. Transcriptomic analysis showed that these two (Sepf and FtsZ) proteins can be expressed in different conditions together. The work presents novelties on molecules participating in the cell division event, from the interaction of FtsZ and SepF, as new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto F Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Edson L Folador
- Centro de Biotecnologia/CBiotec, Universidade Federal da Paraíba/UFPB, s/n, Castelo Branco III, 58051-085 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Anne C P Gomide
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Aristóteles Goes-Neto
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Computacional de Fungos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vasco A C Azevedo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alice R Wattam
- Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, 1015 Life Science Circle, Virginia Tech, 24060, Blacksburg, VA, U.S.A
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26
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Wagstaff J, Löwe J. Prokaryotic cytoskeletons: protein filaments organizing small cells. Nat Rev Microbiol 2018; 16:187-201. [PMID: 29355854 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro.2017.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Most, if not all, bacterial and archaeal cells contain at least one protein filament system. Although these filament systems in some cases form structures that are very similar to eukaryotic cytoskeletons, the term 'prokaryotic cytoskeletons' is used to refer to many different kinds of protein filaments. Cytoskeletons achieve their functions through polymerization of protein monomers and the resulting ability to access length scales larger than the size of the monomer. Prokaryotic cytoskeletons are involved in many fundamental aspects of prokaryotic cell biology and have important roles in cell shape determination, cell division and nonchromosomal DNA segregation. Some of the filament-forming proteins have been classified into a small number of conserved protein families, for example, the almost ubiquitous tubulin and actin superfamilies. To understand what makes filaments special and how the cytoskeletons they form enable cells to perform essential functions, the structure and function of cytoskeletal molecules and their filaments have been investigated in diverse bacteria and archaea. In this Review, we bring these data together to highlight the diverse ways that linear protein polymers can be used to organize other molecules and structures in bacteria and archaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Wagstaff
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Jan Löwe
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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27
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Pérez-Acosta JA, Martínez-Porchas M, Elizalde-Contreras JM, Leyva JM, Ruiz-May E, Gollas-Galván T, Martínez-Córdova LR, Huerta-Ocampo JÁ. Proteomic profiling of integral membrane proteins associated to pathogenicity inVibrio parahaemolyticusstrains. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 62:14-23. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A. Pérez-Acosta
- Department of Scientific and Technological Research DICTUS; Sonora University; Boulevard Luis Donaldo Colosio entre Reforma y Sahuaripa; Hermosillo Sonora, 83000 Mexico
| | - Marcel Martínez-Porchas
- Research Center for Food and Development A.C.; Carretera a La Victoria; Hermosillo Sonora 83304 Mexico
| | | | - Juan Manuel Leyva
- Research Center for Food and Development A.C.; Carretera a La Victoria; Hermosillo Sonora 83304 Mexico
| | - Eliel Ruiz-May
- Institute of Ecology; Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351; El Haya, Xalapa Veracruz 91070 Mexico
| | - Teresa Gollas-Galván
- Research Center for Food and Development A.C.; Carretera a La Victoria; Hermosillo Sonora 83304 Mexico
| | - Luis R. Martínez-Córdova
- Department of Scientific and Technological Research DICTUS; Sonora University; Boulevard Luis Donaldo Colosio entre Reforma y Sahuaripa; Hermosillo Sonora, 83000 Mexico
| | - José Ángel Huerta-Ocampo
- CONACYT-Research Center for Food and Development A.C., Carretera a La Victoria; Hermosillo; Sonora, 83304 Mexico
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28
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Gao Y, Wenzel M, Jonker MJ, Hamoen LW. Free SepF interferes with recruitment of late cell division proteins. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16928. [PMID: 29209072 PMCID: PMC5717166 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17155-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The conserved cell division protein SepF aligns polymers of FtsZ, the key cell division protein in bacteria, during synthesis of the (Fts)Z-ring at midcell, the first stage in cytokinesis. In addition, SepF acts as a membrane anchor for the Z-ring. Recently, it was shown that SepF overexpression in Mycobacterium smegmatis blocks cell division. Why this is the case is not known. Surprisingly, we found in Bacillus subtilis that SepF overproduction does not interfere with Z-ring assembly, but instead blocks assembly of late division proteins responsible for septum synthesis. Transposon mutagenesis suggested that SepF overproduction suppresses the essential WalRK two-component system, which stimulates expression of ftsZ. Indeed, it emerged that SepF overproduction impairs normal WalK localization. However, transcriptome analysis showed that the WalRK activity was in fact not reduced in SepF overexpressing cells. Further experiments indicated that SepF competes with EzrA and FtsA for binding to FtsZ, and that binding of extra SepF by FtsZ alleviates the cell division defect. This may explain why activation of WalRK in the transposon mutant, which increases ftsZ expression, counteracts the division defect. In conclusion, our data shows that an imbalance in early cell division proteins can interfere with recruitment of late cell division proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Gao
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, O|2 Building, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michaela Wenzel
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, O|2 Building, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijs J Jonker
- MicroArray Department and Integrative Bioinformatics Unit, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leendert W Hamoen
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, O|2 Building, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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29
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Boldrin F, Degiacomi G, Serafini A, Kolly GS, Ventura M, Sala C, Provvedi R, Palù G, Cole ST, Manganelli R. Promoter mutagenesis for fine-tuning expression of essential genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 11:238-247. [PMID: 29076636 PMCID: PMC5743821 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A range of regulated gene expression systems has been developed for mycobacteria in the last few years to facilitate the study of essential genes, validate novel drug targets and evaluate their vulnerability. Among these, the TetR/Pip-OFF repressible promoter system was successfully used in several mycobacterial species both in vitro and in vivo. In the first version of the system, the repressible promoter was Pptr , a strong Pip-repressible promoter of Streptomyces pristinaespiralis, which might hamper effective downregulation of genes with a low basal expression level. Here, we report an enhanced system that allows more effective control of genes expressed at low level. To this end, we subjected Pptr to targeted mutagenesis and produced 16 different promoters with different strength. Three of them, weaker than the wild-type promoter, were selected and characterized showing that they can indeed improve the performances of TetR/Pip-OFF repressible system both in vitro and in vivo increasing its stringency. Finally, we used these promoters to construct a series of bacterial biosensors with different sensitivity to DprE1 inhibitors and developed a whole-cell screening assay to identify inhibitors of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Boldrin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Degiacomi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Agnese Serafini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Gaëlle S Kolly
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Global Health Institute, Station 19, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcello Ventura
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudia Sala
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Global Health Institute, Station 19, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Provvedi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Stewart T Cole
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Global Health Institute, Station 19, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Manganelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
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30
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Two dynamin-like proteins stabilize FtsZ rings during Streptomyces sporulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E6176-E6183. [PMID: 28687675 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1704612114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During sporulation, the filamentous bacteria Streptomyces undergo a massive cell division event in which the synthesis of ladders of sporulation septa convert multigenomic hyphae into chains of unigenomic spores. This process requires cytokinetic Z-rings formed by the bacterial tubulin homolog FtsZ, and the stabilization of the newly formed Z-rings is crucial for completion of septum synthesis. Here we show that two dynamin-like proteins, DynA and DynB, play critical roles in this process. Dynamins are a family of large, multidomain GTPases involved in key cellular processes in eukaryotes, including vesicle trafficking and organelle division. Many bacterial genomes encode dynamin-like proteins, but the biological function of these proteins has remained largely enigmatic. Using a cell biological approach, we show that the two Streptomyces dynamins specifically localize to sporulation septa in an FtsZ-dependent manner. Moreover, dynamin mutants have a cell division defect due to the decreased stability of sporulation-specific Z-rings, as demonstrated by kymographs derived from time-lapse images of FtsZ ladder formation. This defect causes the premature disassembly of individual Z-rings, leading to the frequent abortion of septum synthesis, which in turn results in the production of long spore-like compartments with multiple chromosomes. Two-hybrid analysis revealed that the dynamins are part of the cell division machinery and that they mediate their effects on Z-ring stability during developmentally controlled cell division via a network of protein-protein interactions involving DynA, DynB, FtsZ, SepF, SepF2, and the FtsZ-positioning protein SsgB.
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31
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Lee DS, Kim Y, Lee HS. The whcD gene of Corynebacterium glutamicum plays roles in cell division and envelope formation. Microbiology (Reading) 2017; 163:131-143. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Seok Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong-si 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Younhee Kim
- Department of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, 65 Semyung-ro, Jecheon-si, Chungbuk 390-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Shick Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong-si 339-700, Republic of Korea
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32
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Gamba P, Hamoen LW, Daniel RA. Cooperative Recruitment of FtsW to the Division Site of Bacillus subtilis. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1808. [PMID: 27895631 PMCID: PMC5108771 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Five essential proteins are known to assemble at the division site of Bacillus subtilis. However, the recruitment of the FtsW homolog is still unclear. Here, we take advantage of spore germination to facilitate the depletion of essential proteins and to study the divisome assembly in the absence of previous division events. We show that, unlike what has been shown for the Escherichia coli divisome, the assembly of FtsW is interdependent with the localization of PBP 2B and FtsL, which are key components of the membrane bound division complex. Interestingly, the Z-ring appeared to disassemble upon prolonged depletion of late division proteins. Nevertheless, we could restore Z-ring formation and constriction by re-inducing FtsW, which suggests that the stability of the Z-ring is stimulated by the assembly of a functional division complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Gamba
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Leendert W Hamoen
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Richard A Daniel
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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33
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Meier EL, Razavi S, Inoue T, Goley ED. A novel membrane anchor for FtsZ is linked to cell wall hydrolysis in Caulobacter crescentus. Mol Microbiol 2016; 101:265-80. [PMID: 27028265 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In most bacteria, the tubulin-like GTPase FtsZ forms an annulus at midcell (the Z-ring) which recruits the division machinery and regulates cell wall remodeling. Although both activities require membrane attachment of FtsZ, few membrane anchors have been characterized. FtsA is considered to be the primary membrane tether for FtsZ in bacteria, however in Caulobacter crescentus, FtsA arrives at midcell after stable Z-ring assembly and early FtsZ-directed cell wall synthesis. We hypothesized that additional proteins tether FtsZ to the membrane and demonstrate that in C. crescentus, FzlC is one such membrane anchor. FzlC associates with membranes directly in vivo and in vitro and recruits FtsZ to membranes in vitro. As for most known membrane anchors, the C-terminal peptide of FtsZ is required for its recruitment to membranes by FzlC in vitro and midcell recruitment of FzlC in cells. In vivo, overproduction of FzlC causes cytokinesis defects whereas deletion of fzlC causes synthetic defects with dipM, ftsE and amiC mutants, implicating FzlC in cell wall hydrolysis. Our characterization of FzlC as a novel membrane anchor for FtsZ expands our understanding of FtsZ regulators and establishes a role for membrane-anchored FtsZ in the regulation of cell wall hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Meier
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Shiva Razavi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Takanari Inoue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Erin D Goley
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
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34
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Haeusser DP, Margolin W. Splitsville: structural and functional insights into the dynamic bacterial Z ring. Nat Rev Microbiol 2016; 14:305-19. [PMID: 27040757 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria must divide to increase in number and colonize their niche. Binary fission is the most widespread means of bacterial cell division, but even this relatively simple mechanism has many variations on a theme. In most bacteria, the tubulin homologue FtsZ assembles into a ring structure, termed the Z ring, at the site of cytokinesis and recruits additional proteins to form a large protein machine - the divisome - that spans the membrane. In this Review, we discuss current insights into the regulation of the assembly of the Z ring and how the divisome drives membrane invagination and septal cell wall growth while flexibly responding to various cellular inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Haeusser
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Biology Department, Canisius College, 2001 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14208, USA
| | - William Margolin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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