1
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Salem
- Mutualisms Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Biology, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
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2
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Colmenarez YC, Smith D, Walsh GC, France A, Corniani N, Vásquez C. Regulatory Frameworks for the Access and Use of Genetic Resources in Latin America. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 52:333-344. [PMID: 36729291 PMCID: PMC11058676 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-01017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Nagoya Protocol is a legal framework focused on the Access and Benefit Sharing of genetic resources, including Biological Control Agents. In order to comply with the Nagoya Protocol, countries in Latin America are establishing legal frameworks for access to genetic resources. Scientists face the challenges of the bureaucratic and administrative burden to obtain the access permits to study the biodiversity present in Latin American countries, which include the evaluation of biological control agents that can be used in sustainable production programs. In order to avoid the demotivation of scientists and students to work on biological control by blocking the opportunities to get new bioproducts, it is important to increase the communication between the regulatory authorities and the scientific community, to ensure the establishment of an effective structure and mechanisms to facilitate the process and reduce the time needed to obtain the access permits. On the other hand, the establishment of regional platforms for the exchange of information and harmonization of procedures can contribute to reinforce the collaboration among Latin American countries and facilitate regional studies and biocontrol activities. In this article, the legal framework in place in different countries in Latin America will be discussed and some possible solutions and ways forward to the major challenges observed will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Carlos Vásquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Cevallos, Provincia de Tungurahua, Ecuador
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3
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Kirdat K, Tiwarekar B, Sathe S, Yadav A. From sequences to species: Charting the phytoplasma classification and taxonomy in the era of taxogenomics. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1123783. [PMID: 36970684 PMCID: PMC10033645 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1123783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoplasma taxonomy has been a topic of discussion for the last two and half decades. Since the Japanese scientists discovered the phytoplasma bodies in 1967, the phytoplasma taxonomy was limited to disease symptomology for a long time. The advances in DNA-based markers and sequencing improved phytoplasma classification. In 2004, the International Research Programme on Comparative Mycoplasmology (IRPCM)- Phytoplasma/Spiroplasma Working Team – Phytoplasma taxonomy group provided the description of the provisional genus ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ with guidelines to describe the new provisional phytoplasma species. The unintentional consequences of these guidelines led to the description of many phytoplasma species where species characterization was restricted to a partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene alone. Additionally, the lack of a complete set of housekeeping gene sequences or genome sequences, as well as the heterogeneity among closely related phytoplasmas limited the development of a comprehensive Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) system. To address these issues, researchers tried deducing the definition of phytoplasma species using phytoplasmas genome sequences and the average nucleotide identity (ANI). In another attempts, a new phytoplasma species were described based on the Overall Genome relatedness Values (OGRI) values fetched from the genome sequences. These studies align with the attempts to standardize the classification and nomenclature of ‘Candidatus’ bacteria. With a brief historical account of phytoplasma taxonomy and recent developments, this review highlights the current issues and provides recommendations for a comprehensive system for phytoplasma taxonomy until phytoplasma retains ‘Candidatus’ status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kirdat
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
- Department of Microbiology, Tuljaram Chaturchand College, Baramati, India
| | - Bhavesh Tiwarekar
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Shivaji Sathe
- Department of Microbiology, Tuljaram Chaturchand College, Baramati, India
| | - Amit Yadav
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Amit Yadav, ,
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4
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Ramírez Rojas AA, Swidah R, Schindler D. Microbes of traditional fermentation processes as synthetic biology chassis to tackle future food challenges. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:982975. [PMID: 36185425 PMCID: PMC9523148 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.982975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial diversity is magnificent and essential to almost all life on Earth. Microbes are an essential part of every human, allowing us to utilize otherwise inaccessible resources. It is no surprise that humans started, initially unconsciously, domesticating microbes for food production: one may call this microbial domestication 1.0. Sourdough bread is just one of the miracles performed by microbial fermentation, allowing extraction of more nutrients from flour and at the same time creating a fluffy and delicious loaf. There are a broad range of products the production of which requires fermentation such as chocolate, cheese, coffee and vinegar. Eventually, with the rise of microscopy, humans became aware of microbial life. Today our knowledge and technological advances allow us to genetically engineer microbes - one may call this microbial domestication 2.0. Synthetic biology and microbial chassis adaptation allow us to tackle current and future food challenges. One of the most apparent challenges is the limited space on Earth available for agriculture and its major tolls on the environment through use of pesticides and the replacement of ecosystems with monocultures. Further challenges include transport and packaging, exacerbated by the 24/7 on-demand mentality of many customers. Synthetic biology already tackles multiple food challenges and will be able to tackle many future food challenges. In this perspective article, we highlight recent microbial synthetic biology research to address future food challenges. We further give a perspective on how synthetic biology tools may teach old microbes new tricks, and what standardized microbial domestication could look like.
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5
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Spiegel H, Nölke G, Thangaraj H, Schillberg S. The concept of an agroinfiltration kit for recombinant protein production for educational and commercial use—A journey through a forest of regulatory and legal implications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:926239. [PMID: 36131725 PMCID: PMC9483176 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.926239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant expression using Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation (ATT) of plants has developed into a robust and versatile method to rapidly produce proteins. The capability of plants to efficiently synthesize even homo- and hetero-multimeric complex folded proteins featuring disulfide bonds and other post-translational modifications such as N-linked glycosylation makes them superior to most of the established microbial, especially prokaryotic expression hosts. Compared to production in mammalian cell cultures, ATT requires lower skills, simple technical equipment and cheaper media components. Taken together these features make the method optimally suited for R&D applications involving the development and engineering of recombinant proteins for various purposes ranging from vaccine candidates, therapeutic proteins, towards enzymes for different pharmaceutical and technical applications. Despite these advantages the technology is currently not being used outside the community of plant research. The design and realization of a kit containing all the information, instructions and ideally also the material required to perform recombinant protein production using ATT in an educational or commercial context was one of the objectives of the EU-funded Horizon 2020 project Pharma-Factory. While it is pretty straightforward to assemble a comprehensive instruction manual describing the procedure, the clarification of regulatory and legal aspects associated with the provision, dissemination and use of the different materials and organisms required to perform ATT is a complex matter. In this article, we describe the initial concept of an ATT kit for educational as well as research and development (R&D) purposes and the specific regulatory and legal implications associated with the various kit components. We cover aspects including intellectual property rights, freedom-to-operate (FTO), safety regulations for distributing genetically-modified organisms (GMOs), as well as export and import regulations. Our analysis reveals that important components of the ATT kit are freely available for research purposes but not or only with considerable effort for commercial use and distribution. We conclude with a number of considerations and requirements that need to be met in order to successfully disseminate such a kit in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Spiegel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Holger Spiegel,
| | - Greta Nölke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
| | - Harry Thangaraj
- Independent Consultant, (Residential Address Withheld), Finchley, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Schillberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Department of Phytopathology, Giessen, Germany
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6
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Drabik GO, Vivar E, Jiménez FA. NEW SPECIES OF ALIPPISTRONGYLUS (TRICHOSTRONGYLINA: NIPPOSTRONGYLINAE) FROM THE ELEGANT RICE RAT, EURYORYZOMYS NITIDUS, OF LA CONVENCIÓN, PERU. J Parasitol 2022; 108:435-440. [PMID: 36197731 DOI: 10.1645/22-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of AlippistrongylusDigiani and Kinsella, 2014, was found in the intestines of the elegant rice rat, Euryoryzomys nitidus, collected in the Amazon rainforest. These mammals were preserved in alcohol and archived in the Colección Científica de Mamíferos del Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Mayor de San Marcos and accessed for the observation and investigation for the diversity of their endo-parasites. A total of 857 worms were recovered from the 3 individuals examined. Morphological investigations and comparisons with the only known species of the genus indicate that this is an undescribed species. These nematodes feature the diagnostic characteristic of the genus, being a bifurcated posterior end that consists of a tail and a conical appendage near the level of the vulva and uninterrupted ridges in the synlophe of unequal size. However, the orientation of this conical appendage on the female tail, features of the synlophe, and shape of the copulatory bursa warrant the proposal of an amended diagnosis to include character variability detected in the new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guinevere O Drabik
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, 1125 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901-6501
| | - Elena Vivar
- Colección Científica de Mamíferos del Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Mayor de San Marcos Av. Gral. Antonio Alvarez de Arenales 1256, Jesús María 15072, Lima, Peru
| | - F Agustín Jiménez
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, 1125 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901-6501
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7
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Is there concordance between Science and Technology in Natural Science? Mapping the relationship among number of papers and patents from research on Cerrado plants. WORLD PATENT INFORMATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wpi.2022.102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Abstract
The status Candidatus was introduced to bacterial taxonomy in the 1990s to accommodate uncultured taxa defined by analyses of DNA sequences. Here I review the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) associated with the status Candidatus in the light of a quarter century of use, twinned with recent developments in bacterial taxonomy and sequence-based taxonomic discovery. Despite ambiguities as to its scope, philosophical objections to its use and practical problems in implementation, the status Candidatus has now been applied to over 1000 taxa and has been widely adopted by journals and databases. Although lacking priority under the International Code for Nomenclature of Prokaryotes, many Candidatus names have already achieved de facto standing in the academic literature and in databases via description of a taxon in a peer-reviewed publication, alongside deposition of a genome sequence and there is a clear path to valid publication of such names on culture. Continued and increased use of Candidatus names provides an alternative to the potential upheaval that might accompany creation of a new additional code of nomenclature and provides a ready solution to the urgent challenge of naming many thousands of newly discovered but uncultured species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Pallen
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.,Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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9
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Navarro D, Chaduli D, Taussac S, Lesage-Meessen L, Grisel S, Haon M, Callac P, Courtecuisse R, Decock C, Dupont J, Richard-Forget F, Fournier J, Guinberteau J, Lechat C, Moreau PA, Pinson-Gadais L, Rivoire B, Sage L, Welti S, Rosso MN, Berrin JG, Bissaro B, Favel A. Large-scale phenotyping of 1,000 fungal strains for the degradation of non-natural, industrial compounds. Commun Biol 2021; 4:871. [PMID: 34267314 PMCID: PMC8282864 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02401-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal biotechnology is set to play a keystone role in the emerging bioeconomy, notably to address pollution issues arising from human activities. Because they preserve biological diversity, Biological Resource Centres are considered as critical infrastructures to support the development of biotechnological solutions. Here, we report the first large-scale phenotyping of more than 1,000 fungal strains with evaluation of their growth and degradation potential towards five industrial, human-designed and recalcitrant compounds, including two synthetic dyes, two lignocellulose-derived compounds and a synthetic plastic polymer. We draw a functional map over the phylogenetic diversity of Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, to guide the selection of fungal taxa to be tested for dedicated biotechnological applications. We evidence a functional diversity at all taxonomic ranks, including between strains of a same species. Beyond demonstrating the tremendous potential of filamentous fungi, our results pave the avenue for further functional exploration to solve the ever-growing issue of ecosystems pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Navarro
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ., BBF, UMR1163, Marseille, France. .,INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ., CIRM-CF, Marseille, France.
| | - Delphine Chaduli
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ., BBF, UMR1163, Marseille, France.,INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ., CIRM-CF, Marseille, France
| | - Sabine Taussac
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ., BBF, UMR1163, Marseille, France.,INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ., CIRM-CF, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Lesage-Meessen
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ., BBF, UMR1163, Marseille, France.,INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ., CIRM-CF, Marseille, France
| | - Sacha Grisel
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ., BBF, UMR1163, Marseille, France
| | - Mireille Haon
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ., BBF, UMR1163, Marseille, France
| | | | - Régis Courtecuisse
- Faculté de Pharmacie Lille, Université de Lille, LGCgE, ER4, Lille, France
| | - Cony Decock
- Mycothèque de l'Université Catholique de Louvain (MUCL), Earth and Life Institute, Microbiology, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution et Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lucile Sage
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LECA, UMR UGA-USMB-CNRS 5553, CS 40700, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Welti
- Faculté de Pharmacie Lille, Université de Lille, LGCgE, ER4, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Bastien Bissaro
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ., BBF, UMR1163, Marseille, France.
| | - Anne Favel
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ., BBF, UMR1163, Marseille, France.,INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ., CIRM-CF, Marseille, France
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10
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Sundh I, Del Giudice T, Cembalo L. Reaping the Benefits of Microorganisms in Cropping Systems: Is the Regulatory Policy Adequate? Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071437. [PMID: 34361873 PMCID: PMC8303151 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Within food plant cropping systems, microorganisms provide vital functions and ecosystem services, such as biological pest and disease control, promotion of plant growth and crop quality, and biodegradation of organic matter and pollutants. The beneficial effects of microorganisms can be achieved and/or enhanced by agricultural management measures that target the resident microbial biodiversity or by augmentation with domesticated and propagated microbial strains. This study presents a critical review of the current legislation and regulatory policies pertaining to the utilization of plant-beneficial microorganisms in the European Union (EU). For augmentative approaches, the nature of the intended effect and the product claim determine how a microbiological product is categorized and regulated, and pre-market authorization may be mandatory. Typically, microbial products have been incorporated into frameworks that were designed for evaluating non-living substances, and are therefore not well suited to the specific properties of live microorganisms. We suggest that regulatory harmonization across the sector could stimulate technical development and facilitate implementation of crop management methods employing microorganisms. Possible scenarios for regulatory reform in the longer term are discussed, but more investigation into their feasibility is needed. The findings of this study should serve as a catalyst for more efficient future use of plant-beneficial microorganisms, to the benefit of agriculture as well as the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingvar Sundh
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence:
| | - Teresa Del Giudice
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (T.D.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Luigi Cembalo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (T.D.G.); (L.C.)
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11
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Aime MC, Miller AN, Aoki T, Bensch K, Cai L, Crous PW, Hawksworth DL, Hyde KD, Kirk PM, Lücking R, May TW, Malosso E, Redhead SA, Rossman AY, Stadler M, Thines M, Yurkov AM, Zhang N, Schoch CL. How to publish a new fungal species, or name, version 3.0. IMA Fungus 2021; 12:11. [PMID: 33934723 PMCID: PMC8091500 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-021-00063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now a decade since The International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) produced an overview of requirements and best practices for describing a new fungal species. In the meantime the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICNafp) has changed from its former name (the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature) and introduced new formal requirements for valid publication of species scientific names, including the separation of provisions specific to Fungi and organisms treated as fungi in a new Chapter F. Equally transformative have been changes in the data collection, data dissemination, and analytical tools available to mycologists. This paper provides an updated and expanded discussion of current publication requirements along with best practices for the description of new fungal species and publication of new names and for improving accessibility of their associated metadata that have developed over the last 10 years. Additionally, we provide: (1) model papers for different fungal groups and circumstances; (2) a checklist to simplify meeting (i) the requirements of the ICNafp to ensure the effective, valid and legitimate publication of names of new taxa, and (ii) minimally accepted standards for description; and, (3) templates for preparing standardized species descriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Catherine Aime
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Andrew N Miller
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Takayuki Aoki
- Genetic Resources Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Konstanze Bensch
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Pedro W Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - David L Hawksworth
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK.,Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin Province, China
| | - Kevin D Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Paul M Kirk
- Biodiversity Informatics & Spatial Analysis, Royal Botanic Garden Kew, Richmond, London, TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Robert Lücking
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 6-8, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tom W May
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Avenue, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Elaine Malosso
- Departamento de Micologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50740-600, Brazil
| | - Scott A Redhead
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Science and Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Amy Y Rossman
- Botany and Plant Pathology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97333, USA
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marco Thines
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrey M Yurkov
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Conrad L Schoch
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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12
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Medaura MC, Guivernau M, Moreno-Ventas X, Prenafeta-Boldú FX, Viñas M. Bioaugmentation of Native Fungi, an Efficient Strategy for the Bioremediation of an Aged Industrially Polluted Soil With Heavy Hydrocarbons. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:626436. [PMID: 33868189 PMCID: PMC8044458 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.626436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The concurrence of structurally complex petroleum-associated contaminants at relatively high concentrations, with diverse climatic conditions and textural soil characteristics, hinders conventional bioremediation processes. Recalcitrant compounds such as high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW-PAHs) and heavy alkanes commonly remain after standard soil bioremediation at concentrations above regulatory limits. The present study assessed the potential of native fungal bioaugmentation as a strategy to promote the bioremediation of an aged industrially polluted soil enriched with heavy hydrocarbon fractions. Microcosms assays were performed by means of biostimulation and bioaugmentation, by inoculating a defined consortium of six potentially hydrocarbonoclastic fungi belonging to the genera Penicillium, Ulocladium, Aspergillus, and Fusarium, which were isolated previously from the polluted soil. The biodegradation performance of fungal bioaugmentation was compared with soil biostimulation (water and nutrient addition) and with untreated soil as a control. Fungal bioaugmentation resulted in a higher biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and of HMW-PAHs than with biostimulation. TPH (C14-C35) decreased by a 39.90 ± 1.99% in bioaugmented microcosms vs. a 24.17 ± 1.31% in biostimulated microcosms. As for the effect of fungal bioaugmentation on HMW-PAHs, the 5-ringed benzo(a)fluoranthene and benzo(a)pyrene were reduced by a 36% and 46%, respectively, while the 6-ringed benzoperylene decreased by a 28%, after 120 days of treatment. Biostimulated microcosm exhibited a significantly lower reduction of 5- and 6-ringed PAHs (8% and 5% respectively). Higher TPH and HMW-PAHs biodegradation levels in bioaugmented microcosms were also associated to a significant decrease in acute ecotoxicity (EC50) by Vibrio fischeri bioluminiscence inhibition assays. Molecular profiling and counting of viable hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria from soil microcosms revealed that fungal bioaugmentation promoted the growth of autochthonous active hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. The implementation of such an approach to enhance hydrocarbon biodegradation should be considered as a novel bioremediation strategy for the treatment of the most recalcitrant and highly genotoxic hydrocarbons in aged industrially polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam Guivernau
- GIRO Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - X. Moreno-Ventas
- Department of Sciences and Techniques in Water and Environment, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Marc Viñas
- GIRO Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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McDermott PF, Davis JJ. Predicting antimicrobial susceptibility from the bacterial genome: A new paradigm for one health resistance monitoring. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 44:223-237. [PMID: 33010049 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The laboratory identification of antibacterial resistance is a cornerstone of infectious disease medicine. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing has long been based on the growth response of organisms in pure culture to a defined concentration of antimicrobial agents. By comparing individual isolates to wild-type susceptibility patterns, strains with acquired resistance can be identified. Acquired resistance can also be detected genetically. After many decades of research, the inventory of genes underlying antimicrobial resistance is well known for several pathogenic genera including zoonotic enteric organisms such as Salmonella and Campylobacter and continues to grow substantially for others. With the decline in costs for large scale DNA sequencing, it is now practicable to characterize bacteria using whole genome sequencing, including the carriage of resistance genes in individual microorganisms and those present in complex biological samples. With genomics, we can generate comprehensive, detailed information on the bacterium, the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, clues to its source, and the nature of mobile DNA elements by which resistance spreads. These developments point to a new paradigm for antimicrobial resistance detection and tracking for both clinical and public health purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F McDermott
- Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - James J Davis
- Division of Data Science and Learning, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA.,University of Chicago Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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14
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Verkley G, Perrone G, Piña M, Scholz AH, Overmann J, Zuzuarregui A, Perugini I, Turchetti B, Hendrickx M, Stacey G, Law S, Russell J, Smith D, Lima N. New ECCO model documents for Material Deposit and Transfer Agreements in compliance with the Nagoya Protocol. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:5800986. [PMID: 32149346 PMCID: PMC7164777 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Culture Collections’ Organisation presents two new model documents for Material Deposit Agreement (MDA) and Material Transfer Agreement (MTA) designed to enable microbial culture collection leaders to draft appropriate agreement documents for, respectively, deposit and supply of materials from a public collection. These tools provide guidance to collections seeking to draft an MDA and MTA, and are available in open access to be used, modified, and shared. The MDA model consists of a set of core fields typically included in a ‘deposit form’ to collect relevant information to facilitate assessment of the status of the material under access and benefit sharing (ABS) legislation. It also includes a set of exemplary clauses to be included in ‘terms and conditions of use’ for culture collection management and third parties. The MTA model addresses key issues including intellectual property rights, quality, safety, security and traceability. Reference is made to other important tools such as best practices and code of conduct related to ABS issues. Besides public collections, the MDA and MTA model documents can also be useful for individual researchers and microbial laboratories that collect or receive microbial cultures, keep a working collection, and wish to share their material with others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Verkley
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Giancarlo Perrone
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Mery Piña
- CRBIP-Biological Resource Centre, Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Amber Hartman Scholz
- German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ), Inhoffenstrasse 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jörg Overmann
- German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ), Inhoffenstrasse 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Aurora Zuzuarregui
- Spanish Type Culture Collection (CECT), Edificio 3 CUE, Parc Científic Universitat de València, Catedrático Agustín Escardino 9, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain
| | - Iolanda Perugini
- Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis (MUT), Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Benedetta Turchetti
- Industrial Yeasts Collection (DBVPG), Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, I-06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marijke Hendrickx
- BCCM/IHEM Fungal Collection, Mycology & Aerobiology, Sciensano, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Glyn Stacey
- International Stem Cell Banking initiative, Barley, Hertfordshire, SG88HZ, UK
| | - Samantha Law
- National Collection of Industrial, Food and Marine Bacteria (NCIMB), Ferguson Building, Craibstone Estate, Bucksburn AR21 9YA, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Julie Russell
- Public Health England (PHE) Culture Collections, Porton Down, SP4 0JG Salisbury, UK
| | | | - Nelson Lima
- Micoteca da Universidade do Minho (MUM), CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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15
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Ambler J, Diallo AA, Dearden PK, Wilcox P, Hudson M, Tiffin N. Including Digital Sequence Data in the Nagoya Protocol Can Promote Data Sharing. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 39:116-125. [PMID: 32654776 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Nagoya Protocol (NP), a legal framework under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), formalises fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from biological diversity. It encompasses biological samples and associated indigenous knowledge, with equitable return of benefits to those providing samples. Recent proposals that the use of digital sequence information (DSI) derived from samples should also require benefit-sharing under the NP have raised concerns that this might hamper research progress. Here, we propose that formalised benefit-sharing for biological data use can increase willingness to participate in research and share data, by ensuring equitable collaboration between sample providers and researchers, and preventing exploitative practices. Three case studies demonstrate how equitable benefit-sharing agreements might build long-term collaborations, furthering research for global benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Ambler
- Computational Biology Division, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Peter K Dearden
- Genomics Aotearoa and Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Phil Wilcox
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Maui Hudson
- Faculty of Māori and Indigenous Studies, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Nicki Tiffin
- Computational Biology Division, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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16
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Sajjad W, Din G, Rafiq M, Iqbal A, Khan S, Zada S, Ali B, Kang S. Pigment production by cold-adapted bacteria and fungi: colorful tale of cryosphere with wide range applications. Extremophiles 2020; 24:447-473. [PMID: 32488508 PMCID: PMC7266124 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-020-01180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pigments are an essential part of everyday life on Earth with rapidly growing industrial and biomedical applications. Synthetic pigments account for a major portion of these pigments that in turn have deleterious effects on public health and environment. Such drawbacks of synthetic pigments have shifted the trend to use natural pigments that are considered as the best alternative to synthetic pigments due to their significant properties. Natural pigments from microorganisms are of great interest due to their broader applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and textile industry with increasing demand among the consumers opting for natural pigments. To fulfill the market demand of natural pigments new sources should be explored. Cold-adapted bacteria and fungi in the cryosphere produce a variety of pigments as a protective strategy against ecological stresses such as low temperature, oxidative stresses, and ultraviolet radiation making them a potential source for natural pigment production. This review highlights the protective strategies and pigment production by cold-adapted bacteria and fungi, their industrial and biomedical applications, condition optimization for maximum pigment extraction as well as the challenges facing in the exploitation of cryospheric microorganisms for pigment extraction that hopefully will provide valuable information, direction, and progress in forthcoming studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Sajjad
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ghufranud Din
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafiq
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of IT, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Awais Iqbal
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Suliman Khan
- The Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sahib Zada
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Barkat Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, China.
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17
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Cushnie TPT, Cushnie B, Echeverría J, Fowsantear W, Thammawat S, Dodgson JLA, Law S, Clow SM. Bioprospecting for Antibacterial Drugs: a Multidisciplinary Perspective on Natural Product Source Material, Bioassay Selection and Avoidable Pitfalls. Pharm Res 2020; 37:125. [PMID: 32529587 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bioprospecting is the exploration, extraction and screening of biological material and sometimes indigenous knowledge to discover and develop new drugs and other products. Most antibiotics in current clinical use (eg. β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides) were discovered using this approach, and there are strong arguments to reprioritize bioprospecting over other strategies in the search for new antibacterial drugs. Academic institutions should be well positioned to lead the early stages of these efforts given their many thousands of locations globally and because they are not constrained by the same commercial considerations as industry. University groups can lack the full complement of knowledge and skills needed though (eg. how to tailor screening strategy to biological source material). In this article, we review three key aspects of the bioprospecting literature (source material and in vitro antibacterial and toxicity testing) and present an integrated multidisciplinary perspective on (a) source material selection, (b) legal, taxonomic and other issues related to source material, (c) cultivation methods, (d) bioassay selection, (e) technical standards available, (f) extract/compound dissolution, (g) use of minimum inhibitory concentration and selectivity index values to identify progressible extracts and compounds, and (h) avoidable pitfalls. The review closes with recommendations for future study design and information on subsequent steps in the bioprospecting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Tim Cushnie
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, 269 Nakornsawan Road, Mahasarakham, 44000, Thailand.
| | - Benjamart Cushnie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai, Thailand
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Winita Fowsantear
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, 269 Nakornsawan Road, Mahasarakham, 44000, Thailand
| | - Sutthiwan Thammawat
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, 269 Nakornsawan Road, Mahasarakham, 44000, Thailand
| | | | - Samantha Law
- National Collection of Industrial, Food and Marine Bacteria (NCIMB) Ltd, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Simon M Clow
- PMI BioPharma Solutions LLC, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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18
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De Vero L, Boniotti MB, Budroni M, Buzzini P, Cassanelli S, Comunian R, Gullo M, Logrieco AF, Mannazzu I, Musumeci R, Perugini I, Perrone G, Pulvirenti A, Romano P, Turchetti B, Varese GC. Preservation, Characterization and Exploitation of Microbial Biodiversity: The Perspective of the Italian Network of Culture Collections. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7120685. [PMID: 31842279 PMCID: PMC6956255 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms represent most of the biodiversity of living organisms in every ecological habitat. They have profound effects on the functioning of any ecosystem, and therefore on the health of our planet and of human beings. Moreover, microorganisms are the main protagonists in food, medical and biotech industries, and have several environmental applications. Accordingly, the characterization and preservation of microbial biodiversity are essential not only for the maintenance of natural ecosystems but also for research purposes and biotechnological exploitation. In this context, culture collections (CCs) and microbial biological resource centres (mBRCs) are crucial for the safeguarding and circulation of biological resources, as well as for the progress of life sciences. This review deals with the expertise and services of CCs, in particular concerning preservation and characterization of microbial resources, by pointing to the advanced approaches applied to investigate a huge reservoir of microorganisms. Data sharing and web services as well as the tight interconnection between CCs and the biotechnological industry are highlighted. In addition, guidelines and regulations related to quality management systems (QMSs), biosafety and biosecurity issues are discussed according to the perspectives of CCs and mBRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana De Vero
- Unimore Microbial Culture Collection, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.G.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0522-522-057
| | - Maria Beatrice Boniotti
- Biobank of Veterinary Resources, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Marilena Budroni
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Sassari, viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Pietro Buzzini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, borgo XX Giugno, 74, I-06121 Perugia, Italy; (P.B.); (B.T.)
| | - Stefano Cassanelli
- Unimore Microbial Culture Collection, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Roberta Comunian
- Agris Sardegna, Agenzia regionale per la ricerca in agricoltura, Loc. Bonassai, km 18.600 SS291, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Maria Gullo
- Unimore Microbial Culture Collection, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonio F. Logrieco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.F.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Ilaria Mannazzu
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Sassari, viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Rosario Musumeci
- MicroMiB Culture Collection, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Iolanda Perugini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, viale Mattioli, 25, 10125 Torino, Italy; (I.P.); (G.C.V.)
| | - Giancarlo Perrone
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.F.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Andrea Pulvirenti
- Unimore Microbial Culture Collection, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Paolo Romano
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Scientific Direction, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Benedetta Turchetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, borgo XX Giugno, 74, I-06121 Perugia, Italy; (P.B.); (B.T.)
| | - Giovanna Cristina Varese
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, viale Mattioli, 25, 10125 Torino, Italy; (I.P.); (G.C.V.)
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19
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Becker P, Bosschaerts M, Chaerle P, Daniel HM, Hellemans A, Olbrechts A, Rigouts L, Wilmotte A, Hendrickx M. Public Microbial Resource Centers: Key Hubs for Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) Microorganisms and Genetic Materials. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e01444-19. [PMID: 31471301 PMCID: PMC6803313 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01444-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of open science, the availability of research materials is essential for knowledge accumulation and to maximize the impact of scientific research. In microbiology, microbial domain biological resource centers (mBRCs) have long-standing experience in preserving and distributing authenticated microbial strains and genetic materials (e.g., recombinant plasmids and DNA libraries) to support new discoveries and follow-on studies. These culture collections play a central role in the conservation of microbial biodiversity and have expertise in cultivation, characterization, and taxonomy of microorganisms. Information associated with preserved biological resources is recorded in databases and is accessible through online catalogues. Legal expertise developed by mBRCs guarantees end users the traceability and legality of the acquired material, notably with respect to the Nagoya Protocol. However, awareness of the advantages of depositing biological materials in professional repositories remains low, and the necessity of securing strains and genetic resources for future research must be emphasized. This review describes the unique position of mBRCs in microbiology and molecular biology through their history, evolving roles, expertise, services, challenges, and international collaborations. It also calls for an increased deposit of strains and genetic resources, a responsibility shared by scientists, funding agencies, and publishers. Journal policies requesting a deposit during submission of a manuscript represent one of the measures to make more biological materials available to the broader community, hence fully releasing their potential and improving openness and reproducibility in scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Becker
- BCCM/IHEM Fungi Collection, Mycology and Aerobiology, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Bosschaerts
- BCCM Coordination Cell, Belgian Science Policy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Chaerle
- BCCM/DCG Diatoms Collection, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - H-M Daniel
- BCCM/MUCL, Mycothèque de l'Université Catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology Laboratory, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - A Hellemans
- BCCM/LMG Bacteria Collection, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Olbrechts
- BCCM/GeneCorner Plasmid Collection, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Rigouts
- BCCM/ITM Mycobacteria Collection, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - A Wilmotte
- BCCM/ULC Cyanobacteria Collection, InBios-Centre for Protein Engineering, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - M Hendrickx
- BCCM/IHEM Fungi Collection, Mycology and Aerobiology, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
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20
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The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit Sharing: Best practices for users of Lactic Acid Bacteria. PHARMANUTRITION 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2019.100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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21
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Ryan MJ, McCluskey K, Verkleij G, Robert V, Smith D. Fungal biological resources to support international development: challenges and opportunities. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:139. [PMID: 31451943 PMCID: PMC6710219 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Exploitation of microbes, especially fungi, has the potential to help humankind meet the UN's sustainable development goals, help feed the worlds growing population and improve bioeconomies of poorer nations. The majority of the world's fungal genetic resources are held in collections in developed countries, primarily within the USA, Europe and Japan. Very little capacity exists in low to middle income countries, which are often rich in biodiversity but lack resources to be able to conserve and exploit their own microbial resources. In this paper we review the current challenges facing culture collections and the challenges of integrating new approaches, the worth of collaborative networks, and the importance of technology, taxonomy and data handling. We address the need to underpin research and development in developing countries through the need to build 'in country' infrastructure to address these challenges, whilst tackling the global challenges to meet the requirements of the research community through the impacts of legislation and the Nagoya protocol on access to biological resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Ryan
- CABI, Bakeham Lane, Egham, TW20 9TY, Surrey, UK.
| | | | - G Verkleij
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - V Robert
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D Smith
- CABI, Bakeham Lane, Egham, TW20 9TY, Surrey, UK
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22
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Discovery pipelines for marine resources: an ocean of opportunity for biotechnology? World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:107. [PMID: 31267318 PMCID: PMC6606657 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Marine microbial diversity offers enormous potential for discovery of compounds of crucial importance in healthcare, food security and bioindustry. However, access to it has been hampered by the difficulty of accessing and growing the organisms for study. The discovery and exploitation of marine bioproducts for research and commercial development requires state-of-the-art technologies and innovative approaches. Technologies and approaches are advancing rapidly and keeping pace is expensive and time consuming. There is a pressing need for clear guidance that will allow researchers to operate in a way that enables the optimal return on their efforts whilst being fully compliant with the current regulatory framework. One major initiative launched to achieve this, has been the advent of European Research Infrastructures. Research Infrastructures (RI) and associated centres of excellence currently build harmonized multidisciplinary workflows that support academic and private sector users. The European Marine Biological Research Infrastructure Cluster (EMBRIC) has brought together six such RIs in a European project to promote the blue bio-economy. The overarching objective is to develop coherent chains of high-quality services for access to biological, analytical and data resources providing improvements in the throughput and efficiency of workflows for discovery of novel marine products. In order to test the efficiency of this prototype pipeline for discovery, 248 rarely-grown organisms were isolated and analysed, some extracts demonstrated interesting biochemical properties and are currently undergoing further analysis. EMBRIC has established an overarching and operational structure to facilitate the integration of the multidisciplinary value chains of services to access such resources whilst enabling critical mass to focus on problem resolution.
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Hurtado-Ortiz R, Hébreu A, Bégaud E, Bizet-Pinson C. Implementation of the Nagoya Protocol within the Collection of Institut Pasteur. Access Microbiol 2019; 1:e000008. [PMID: 32974507 PMCID: PMC7470350 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The focus of the EU regulations on the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing leaves the control of access to genetic resources up to each member state. France has chosen to control access and is going to put in place regulations for it. All the materials received should have specific documentation regarding the accession of genetic resources, where there is a National Authority to issue them. The European commission will maintain a list of biological collections with registered status proposed by each country. The member states are responsible for considering inclusion and verification of these collections. In recent years, the Collection of Institut Pasteur (CIP) staff has expressed concern over how to interact with the implementation of the Nagoya Protocol in the collection but also at the national level with the aim that the CIP will be a registered collection. The advantage of accessing resources from a registered collection is that users of genetic resources will be considered as having exercised ‘due diligence’ if they source their genetic resources from these collections. This could facilitate the process for scientists when applying for research funding. The CIP organized the accession of new deposits and the distribution of micro-organisms in connection with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Hurtado-Ortiz
- CRBIP - Biological Resource Centre, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux 75015, Paris, France.,CNCM - Collection Nationale de Cultures de Microorganismes, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux 75015, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Hébreu
- CRBIP - Biological Resource Centre, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux 75015, Paris, France
| | - Evelyne Bégaud
- BioSpeedia, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux 75015, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Bizet-Pinson
- CRBIP - Biological Resource Centre, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux 75015, Paris, France.,CIP - Collection of Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux 75015, Paris, France
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24
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Kelly-Cirino C, Mazzola LT, Chua A, Oxenford CJ, Van Kerkhove MD. An updated roadmap for MERS-CoV research and product development: focus on diagnostics. BMJ Glob Health 2019; 4:e001105. [PMID: 30815285 PMCID: PMC6361340 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnostics play a central role in the early detection and control of outbreaks and can enable a more nuanced understanding of the disease kinetics and risk factors for the Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV), one of the high-priority pathogens identified by the WHO. In this review we identified sources for molecular and serological diagnostic tests used in MERS-CoV detection, case management and outbreak investigations, as well as surveillance for humans and animals (camels), and summarised the performance of currently available tests, diagnostic needs, and associated challenges for diagnostic test development and implementation. A more detailed understanding of the kinetics of infection of MERS-CoV is needed in order to optimise the use of existing assays. Notably, MERS-CoV point-of-care tests are needed in order to optimise supportive care and to minimise transmission risk. However, for new test development, sourcing clinical material continues to be a major challenge to achieving assay validation. Harmonisation and standardisation of laboratory methods are essential for surveillance and for a rapid and effective international response to emerging diseases. Routine external quality assessment, along with well-characterised and up-to-date proficiency panels, would provide insight into MERS-CoV diagnostic performance worldwide. A defined set of Target Product Profiles for diagnostic technologies will be developed by WHO to address these gaps in MERS-CoV outbreak management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arlene Chua
- Department of Information, Evidence and Research, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.,Medecins Sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland
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25
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Abdelkader K, Gerstmans H, Saafan A, Dishisha T, Briers Y. The Preclinical and Clinical Progress of Bacteriophages and Their Lytic Enzymes: The Parts are Easier than the Whole. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020096. [PMID: 30678377 PMCID: PMC6409994 DOI: 10.3390/v11020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of phages has been considered since their first identification more than a century ago. The evident concept of using a natural predator to treat bacterial infections has, however, since then been challenged considerably. Initially, the vast success of antibiotics almost eliminated the study of phages for therapy. Upon the renaissance of phage therapy research, the most provocative and unique properties of phages such as high specificity, self-replication and co-evolution prohibited a rapid preclinical and clinical development. On the one hand, the typical trajectory followed by small molecule antibiotics could not be simply translated into the preclinical analysis of phages, exemplified by the need for complex broad spectrum or personalized phage cocktails of high purity and the more complex pharmacokinetics. On the other hand, there was no fitting regulatory framework to deal with flexible and sustainable phage therapy approaches, including the setup and approval of adequate clinical trials. While significant advances are incrementally made to eliminate these hurdles, phage-inspired antibacterials have progressed in the slipstream of phage therapy, benefiting from the lack of hurdles that are typically associated with phage therapy. Most advanced are phage lytic enzymes that kill bacteria through peptidoglycan degradation and osmotic lysis. Both phages and their lytic enzymes are now widely considered as safe and have now progressed to clinical phase II to show clinical efficacy as pharmaceutical. Yet, more initiatives are needed to fill the clinical pipeline to beat the typical attrition rates of clinical evaluation and to come to a true evaluation of phages and phage lytic enzymes in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Abdelkader
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwijckweg 1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.
| | - Hans Gerstmans
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwijckweg 1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- MeBioS-Biosensors group, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 21, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Amal Saafan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shebin ElKoum 51132, Egypt.
| | - Tarek Dishisha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.
| | - Yves Briers
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwijckweg 1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Saha D, Mukherjee R. Ameliorating the antimicrobial resistance crisis: phage therapy. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:781-790. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dibya Saha
- Department of Biology; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Tirupati India
| | - Raju Mukherjee
- Department of Biology; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Tirupati India
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Sly LI. Historical perspectives and new opportunities for Australian collections of microorganisms in the microbiome era. MICROBIOLOGY AUSTRALIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/ma19038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A new microbiology support program for Australian microbial resources centres is essential to take full advantage of the exciting information and biological materials emerging from molecular studies of microbiomes. At a time when taxonomic capacity is in decline, culture collections, with the appropriate level of infrastructure support and funding, are well positioned to enhance the outcomes of microbiome research. The importance of microbial biodiversity and its contribution to life on earth have never been more appreciated in the history of science than now. This appreciation came initially through the systematic study of microbial cultures, their ecological interactions, evolution and genetics. But now in the genomics era, uncultured microorganisms and whole microbial biomes are increasingly being studied using advanced DNA sequencing and bioinformatic techniques bringing greater insight into complex microbial communities, revealing interactions between microbes and the host affecting health and wellbeing. However, it should be remembered that the inference of identity and interpretation of functions of members of these uncultured communities relies heavily on knowledge gained from the study of cultured microorganisms. Advances will be greatly enhanced by bringing novel, and other significant, species in these environments into culture for laboratory study and accession into collections for future biodiscovery.
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De Mol ML, Snoeck N, De Maeseneire SL, Soetaert WK. Hidden antibiotics: Where to uncover? Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:2201-2218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Dijkshoorn L. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. Minutes of the meetings, 7, 8 and 9 July 2017, Valencia, Spain. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:2104-2110. [PMID: 29688168 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Dijkshoorn
- Department of Infectious Diseases C5-P, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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30
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Sybesma W, Rohde C, Bardy P, Pirnay JP, Cooper I, Caplin J, Chanishvili N, Coffey A, De Vos D, Scholz AH, McCallin S, Püschner HM, Pantucek R, Aminov R, Doškař J, Kurtbӧke Dİ. Silk Route to the Acceptance and Re-Implementation of Bacteriophage Therapy-Part II. Antibiotics (Basel) 2018; 7:E35. [PMID: 29690620 PMCID: PMC6023077 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics7020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective paper follows up on earlier communications on bacteriophage therapy that we wrote as a multidisciplinary and intercontinental expert-panel when we first met at a bacteriophage conference hosted by the Eliava Institute in Tbilisi, Georgia in 2015. In the context of a society that is confronted with an ever-increasing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, we build on the previously made recommendations and specifically address how the Nagoya Protocol might impact the further development of bacteriophage therapy. By reviewing a number of recently conducted case studies with bacteriophages involving patients with bacterial infections that could no longer be successfully treated by regular antibiotic therapy, we again stress the urgency and significance of the development of international guidelines and frameworks that might facilitate the legal and effective application of bacteriophage therapy by physicians and the receiving patients. Additionally, we list and comment on several recently started and ongoing clinical studies, including highly desired double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials. We conclude with an outlook on how recently developed DNA editing technologies are expected to further control and enhance the efficient application of bacteriophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbert Sybesma
- Department of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zürich, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland.
- Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Christine Rohde
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Pavol Bardy
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 611 37, Czech Republic.
| | - Jean-Paul Pirnay
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, B-1120 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ian Cooper
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences and School of Environment & Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK.
| | - Jonathan Caplin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences and School of Environment & Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK.
| | - Nina Chanishvili
- Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia.
| | - Aidan Coffey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork T12 P928, UK.
| | - Daniel De Vos
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, B-1120 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Amber Hartman Scholz
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Shawna McCallin
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Hilke Marie Püschner
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Roman Pantucek
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 611 37, Czech Republic.
| | - Rustam Aminov
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Jiří Doškař
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 611 37, Czech Republic.
| | - D İpek Kurtbӧke
- GeneCology Research Centre and the Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia.
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McCluskey K, Barker KB, Barton HA, Boundy-Mills K, Brown DR, Coddington JA, Cook K, Desmeth P, Geiser D, Glaeser JA, Greene S, Kang S, Lomas MW, Melcher U, Miller SE, Nobles DR, Owens KJ, Reichman JH, da Silva M, Wertz J, Whitworth C, Smith D. The U.S. Culture Collection Network Responding to the Requirements of the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing. mBio 2017; 8:e00982-17. [PMID: 28811341 PMCID: PMC5559631 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00982-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The U.S. Culture Collection Network held a meeting to share information about how culture collections are responding to the requirements of the recently enacted Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The meeting included representatives of many culture collections and other biological collections, the U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Secretariat of the CBD, interested scientific societies, and collection groups, including Scientific Collections International and the Global Genome Biodiversity Network. The participants learned about the policies of the United States and other countries regarding access to genetic resources, the definition of genetic resources, and the status of historical materials and genetic sequence information. Key topics included what constitutes access and how the CBD Access and Benefit-Sharing Clearing-House can help guide researchers through the process of obtaining Prior Informed Consent on Mutually Agreed Terms. U.S. scientists and their international collaborators are required to follow the regulations of other countries when working with microbes originally isolated outside the United States, and the local regulations required by the Nagoya Protocol vary by the country of origin of the genetic resource. Managers of diverse living collections in the United States described their holdings and their efforts to provide access to genetic resources. This meeting laid the foundation for cooperation in establishing a set of standard operating procedures for U.S. and international culture collections in response to the Nagoya Protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin McCluskey
- Fungal Genetic Stock Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Katharine B Barker
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hazel A Barton
- Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Kyria Boundy-Mills
- Phaff Yeast Culture Collection, Food Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Daniel R Brown
- Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jonathan A Coddington
- Global Genome Initiative, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kevin Cook
- Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | | | - David Geiser
- The Fusarium Research Center, Penn State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jessie A Glaeser
- U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Center for Forest Mycology Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Stephanie Greene
- USDA National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Seogchan Kang
- Penn State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael W Lomas
- National Center for Marine Algae and Microbiota, East Boothbay Harbor, Maine, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Wertz
- E. coli Stock Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Cale Whitworth
- Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, Department of Biology, Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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