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Lu Y, Chen L, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yu W, Ren F, Guo H. Fatty acid metabolism: The crossroads in intestinal homeostasis and tumor. Metabolism 2025; 169:156273. [PMID: 40280478 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2025.156273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2025] [Revised: 04/09/2025] [Accepted: 04/19/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) have various functions on cell regulation considering their abundant types and metabolic pathways. In addition, the relation between FA and other nutritional metabolism makes their functions more complex. As the first place for diet-derived FA metabolism, intestine is significantly influenced despite lack of clear conclusions due to the inconsistent findings. In this review, we discuss the regulation of fatty acid metabolism on the fate of intestinal stem cells in homeostasis and disorders, and also focus on the intestinal tumor development and treatment from the aspect of gut microbiota-epithelium-immune interaction. We summarize that the balances between FA oxidation and glycolysis, between oxidative phosphorylation and ketogenesis, between catabolism and anabolism, and the specific roles of individual FA types determine the diverse effects of intestinal FA metabolism in different cases. We hope this will inspire further dissection and suggest precise dietary/metabolic intervention for different demands related to intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lining Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingying Lin
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weiru Yu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Huiyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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2
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Cristina MO, Elizabeth BR, Jose RAM, Berenice PG, Diego Z, Luis CSJ. Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Key Anti-inflammatory Metabiotics: Trans-Vaccenic Acid, Indole-3-Lactic Acid, Thiamine, and Butyric Acid. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2025:10.1007/s12602-025-10475-9. [PMID: 39921846 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-025-10475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2025] [Indexed: 02/10/2025]
Abstract
Identifying metabolites produced by probiotic bacteria, also known as metabiotics, is becoming increasingly common due to their anti-inflammatory, anti-obesogenic, and immunomodulatory effects. Postbiotics alongside diet, regulate both physical and mental health, as the microbiota members can interact physically with host cells or through secretion of nutrients and metabiotics. These metabiotics also reduce the severity of certain metabolic disorders and support the proper functioning of various organs and systems. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of action of trans-vaccenic acid (TVA), indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), thiamine (vitamin B1), and butyric acid metabolites produced or induced by probiotics such as Lactobacillus and/or Bifidobacterium, among others and previously identified using analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Within their mechanisms of action, Trans-vaccenic acid exerts anti-inflammatory effects and helps alleviate complications associated with metabolic diseases. Indole metabolites promote IL-22 production and regulate epithelial cell proliferation and antimicrobial peptide production. Thiamin is essential for energy metabolism regulation, and butyric acid regulates the brain-gut axis and also regulates immune response. This review expands our understanding of the potential therapeutic use of metabiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muñoz-Olivos Cristina
- Laboratory of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Popular and Autonomous, University of the State of Puebla (UPAEP), 72410, Puebla, Mexico
- Department of Sciences and Engineering, Iberoamerican Puebla University, 71820, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Bautista-Rodriguez Elizabeth
- Laboratory of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Popular and Autonomous, University of the State of Puebla (UPAEP), 72410, Puebla, Mexico.
- Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala, 90750, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
| | | | - Palacios-Gonzalez Berenice
- Healthy Aging Laboratory of the National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN) at the Aging Research Center (CIE-CINVESTAV), 14330, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Zacapa Diego
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala. Tlaxcala, 90750, Medicine, Mexico
- Health Research Office, State Coordination of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS-BIENESTAR), Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Cortez-Sanchez Jose Luis
- Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Campeche, 24039, Campeche, Mexico
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González A, Fullaondo A, Rodríguez J, Tirnauca C, Odriozola I, Odriozola A. Conjugated linoleic acid metabolite impact in colorectal cancer: a potential microbiome-based precision nutrition approach. Nutr Rev 2025; 83:e602-e614. [PMID: 38728013 PMCID: PMC11723137 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2025] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most deadly and the third most diagnosed cancer in both sexes worldwide. CRC pathogenesis is associated with risk factors such as genetics, alcohol, smoking, sedentariness, obesity, unbalanced diets, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. The gut microbiota is the microbial community living in symbiosis in the intestine, in a dynamic balance vital for health. Increasing evidence underscores the influence of specific gut microbiota bacterial species on CRC incidence and pathogenesis. In this regard, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) metabolites produced by certain gut microbiota have demonstrated an anticarcinogenic effect in CRC, influencing pathways for inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis. CLA production occurs naturally in the rumen, and human bioavailability is through the consumption of food derived from ruminants. In recent years, biotechnological attempts to increase CLA bioavailability in humans have been unfruitful. Therefore, the conversion of essential dietary linoleic acid to CLA metabolite by specific intestinal bacteria has become a promising process. This article reviews the evidence regarding CLA and CLA-producing bacteria as therapeutic agents against CRC and investigates the best strategy for increasing the yield and bioavailability of CLA. Given the potential and limitations of the present strategies, a new microbiome-based precision nutrition approach based on endogenous CLA production by human gut bacteria is proposed. A literature search in the PubMed and PubMed Central databases identified 794 papers on human gut bacteria associated with CLA production. Of these, 51 studies exploring association consistency were selected. After excluding 19 papers, due to health concerns or discrepancies between studies, 32 papers were selected for analysis, encompassing data for 38 CLA-producing bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species. The information was analyzed by a bioinformatics food recommendation system patented by our research group, Phymofood (EP22382095). This paper presents a new microbiome-based precision nutrition approach targeting CLA-producing gut bacterial species to maximize the anticarcinogenic effect of CLA in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana González
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Asier Fullaondo
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Tirnauca
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Estadística y Computación, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Iñaki Odriozola
- Health Department of Basque Government, Gipuzkoa, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Adrian Odriozola
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
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Mesnage R, Calatayud M, Duysburgh C, Marzorati M, Antoniou MN. Alterations in infant gut microbiome composition and metabolism after exposure to glyphosate and Roundup and/or a spore-based formulation using the SHIME technology. GUT MICROBIOME (CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND) 2022; 3:e6. [PMID: 39295780 PMCID: PMC11406414 DOI: 10.1017/gmb.2022.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Despite extensive research into the toxicology of the herbicide glyphosate, there are still major unknowns regarding its effects on the human gut microbiome. We describe the effects of glyphosate and a Roundup glyphosate-based herbicide on infant gut microbiota using SHIME technology. SHIME microbiota culture was undertaken in the presence of a concentration of 100-mg/L glyphosate and the same glyphosate equivalent concentration of Roundup. Roundup and to a lesser extent glyphosate caused an increase in fermentation activity, resulting in acidification of the microbial environment. This was also reflected by an increase in lactate and acetate production concomitant to a decrease in the levels of propionate, valerate, caproate and butyrate. Ammonium production reflecting proteolytic activities was increased by Roundup exposure. Global metabolomics revealed large-scale disturbances, including an increased abundance of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Changes in bacterial composition measured by qPCR and 16S rRNA suggested that lactobacilli had their growth stimulated as a result of microenvironment acidification. Co-treatment with the spore-based probiotic formulation MegaSporeBiotic reverted some of the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels. Altogether, our results suggest that glyphosate can exert effects on human gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Mesnage
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | | | - Massimo Marzorati
- ProDigest BV, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael N Antoniou
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
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Altering Methane Emission, Fatty Acid Composition, and Microbial Profile during In Vitro Ruminant Fermentation by Manipulating Dietary Fatty Acid Ratios. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8070310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of different dietary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios on in vitro ruminant fermentation. Methane production, fatty acid composition, and microbial profiles were compared after the in vitro fermentation of rumen fluid collected from cows that had been fed isoenergetic and isoproteic experimental diets at three different n-6/n-3 ratios: 3.04 (HN6, high n-6 source), 2.03 (MN6, medium n-6 source), and 0.8 (LN6, low n-6 source). The fermented rumen fluid pH and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the HN6 group as compared with those in the MN6 and LN6 groups. Additionally, the HN6 group produced a significantly lower (p < 0.05) proportion of methane than the MN6 group during in vitro fermentation. The MN6 and LN6 groups had significantly increased (p < 0.05) levels of C18:2n6 and C18:3n3 in the fermented rumen fluid, respectively, as compared with the HN6 group. The Chao 1 diversity index value was lower (p < 0.05) in the HN6 group than in the MN6 and LN6 groups. The observed species richness was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the HN6 group than in the MN6 group. The reduced relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae UCG-006 and Selenomonas in the HN6 group resulted in lower pH and VFA levels (i.e., acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total VFA) during in vitro fermentation. Furthermore, n-6 and n-3 PUFAs were toxic to Butyrivibrio_2 growth, resulting in high levels of incomplete biohydrogenation. Taken together, the study findings suggest that supplementation of high-forage diets with high levels of n-6 PUFAs could reduce methane emissions, whereas both VFA concentration and pH are reduced.
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Huyan Z, Pellegrini N, Steegenga W, Capuano E. Insights into gut microbiota metabolism of dietary lipids: the case of linoleic acid. Food Funct 2022; 13:4513-4526. [PMID: 35348564 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04254h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been recognized that, next to dietary fibre and proteins, gut microbiota can metabolize lipids producing bioactive metabolites. However, the metabolism of dietary lipids by human gut microbiota has been poorly explored so far. This study aimed to examine the change in lipids, particularly linoleic acid (LA), induced by the chemical form of lipids and the presence of the plant matrix. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production was monitored to get an insight into microbial activity. Free LA, glyceryl trilinoleate and soybean oil as well as digested intact (DS) and broken (BS) soybean cells were subjected to in vitro fermentation using human faecal inoculums. Confocal microscopy was used to visualize the soybean cell integrity. Three LA metabolites, including two conjugated fatty acids (CLAs, 9z,11e and 9e,11e) and 12hydroxy, 9z C18:1, were identified and monitored. Free LA addition improved the LA metabolite production but reduced SCFA concentrations compared to trilinoleate and soybean oil. Breaking cell integrity had impacts on CLA, hydroxy C18:1 and SCFA production and free fatty acid release within the first 24 h of fermentation, but this effect vanished with time. In contrast, soybean oil only increased free LA release and hydroxy C18:1 production. The content of several FAs decreased during fermentation suggesting a substantial conversion in microbial metabolites. Besides, LA metabolites were also identified in the fermentation pellets suggesting the incorporation of microbial FA metabolites into bacterial cells. This study expands our understanding of microbial metabolism of dietary lipids with a special emphasis on the role of food- and diet-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyao Huyan
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Nicoletta Pellegrini
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Wilma Steegenga
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edoardo Capuano
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Ji Y, Luo K, Zhang JM, Ni P, Xiong W, Luo X, Xu G, Liu H, Zeng Z. Obese rats intervened with Rhizoma coptidis revealed differential gene expression and microbiota by serum metabolomics. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:208. [PMID: 34380455 PMCID: PMC8359625 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Integrating systems biology is an approach for investigating metabolic diseases in humans. However, few studies use this approach to investigate the mechanism by which Rhizoma coptidis (RC) reduces the effect of lipids and glucose on high-fat induced obesity in rats. Methods Twenty-four specific pathogen-free (SPF) male Sprague–Dawley rats (80 ± 10 g) were used in this study. Serum metabolomics were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Liver tissue and cecum feces were used for RNA-Seq technology and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively. Results We identified nine potential biomarkers, which are differential metabolites in the Control, Model and RC groups, including linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, stearic acid, and L-Alloisoleucine (p < 0.01). The liver tissue gene expression profile indicated the circadian rhythm pathway was significantly affected by RC (Q ≤ 0.05). A total of 149 and 39 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), which were highly associated with biochemical indicators and potential biomarkers in the cecum samples (FDR ≤ 0.05), respectively, were identified. Conclusion This work provides information to better understand the mechanism of the effect of RC intervention on hyperlipidemia and hypoglycemic effects in obese rats. The present study demonstrates that integrating systems biology may be a powerful tool to reveal the complexity of metabolic diseases in rats intervened by traditional Chinese medicine. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03382-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Ji
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenisis, Research Center for Differention and Development of TCM Basic Theory, University of Jiangxi TCM, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China.,Laboratory Animal Science and Technology Center, University of Jiangxi TCM, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Kexin Luo
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenisis, Research Center for Differention and Development of TCM Basic Theory, University of Jiangxi TCM, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Jiri Mutu Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenisis, Research Center for Differention and Development of TCM Basic Theory, University of Jiangxi TCM, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Peng Ni
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenisis, Research Center for Differention and Development of TCM Basic Theory, University of Jiangxi TCM, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Wangping Xiong
- School of Computer, University of Jiangxi TCM, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoquan Luo
- Laboratory Animal Science and Technology Center, University of Jiangxi TCM, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Xu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenisis, Research Center for Differention and Development of TCM Basic Theory, University of Jiangxi TCM, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China.,Jiangxi Key Lab of Pharmacology of TCM, University of Jiangxi TCM, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Hongning Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenisis, Research Center for Differention and Development of TCM Basic Theory, University of Jiangxi TCM, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Zeng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenisis, Research Center for Differention and Development of TCM Basic Theory, University of Jiangxi TCM, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China.
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Jeantet R, Jan G. Improving the drying of Propionibacterium freudenreichii starter cultures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3485-3494. [PMID: 33885925 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11273-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Propionibacterium freudenreichii is a beneficial food-grade actinobacterium, widely implemented, and thus consumed, in various food products. As the main application, P. freudenreichii is used as a cheese-ripening starter, mostly in hard type cheeses. Indeed, during manufacture of "Swiss-type" cheeses (or opened-body cheeses), the technological process favors propionibacteria growth, as well as the corresponding propionic fermentation. This leads to the characteristic flavor of these cheeses, through the release of short chain fatty acids and through lipolysis, as well as to their specific texture. To fulfil this ripening, massive amounts of propionibacteria are industrially produced, dried and stored, prior to cheese making. Furthermore, P. freudenreichii is commercialized in various probiotic food supplements aiming at preserving intestinal health and comfort, in line with its ability to produce beneficial metabolites (short chain fatty acids, vitamins), as well as immunomodulatory compounds. Other industrial applications of P. freudenreichii include the production of food-grade vitamins of the B group, of trehalose, of conjugated linoleic acid, and of biopreservatives. For these different applications, maintaining survival and activity of propionibacteria during production, drying, storage and finally implementation, is crucial. More widely, maintaining live and active probiotic bacteria represents a challenge as the market for probiotic products increases. Probiotic bacteria are, for a bulk majority, freeze-dried, but spray drying is also more and more considered. Indeed, this process is both continuous and more cost-efficient, as it utilizes less energy compared to freeze-drying; on the other hand, it exposes bacteria to higher heat and oxidative stresses. Apart from process optimization and strain selection, it is possible to enhance the resistance of bacteria by taking advantage of their adaptation capacity. Indeed, P. freudenreichii stress tolerance can be boosted by different pretreatments applied before the drying step, thus considerably increasing its final survival. In particular, adaptation to hyperosmotic conditions improves stress tolerance, while the presence of osmoprotectants may mitigate this improvement. Thermal adaptation also modulates tolerance towards these technological challenges. The composition of the growth medium, including the ratio between the carbohydrates provided and the non-protein nitrogen, plays a key role in driving the accumulation of osmoprotectants. This, in turn, determines P. freudenreichii tolerance towards different stresses, and overall towards both freeze-drying and spray-drying. As an example, the accumulation of trehalose enhances its spray-drying survival, while the accumulation of glycine betaine enhances its freeze-drying survival. Growth of propionibacteria in hyperconcentrated whey was used to trigger multiple stress tolerance acquisition, underpinned by overexpression of key stress protein, accumulation of cytoplasmic storage compounds, and leading to enhanced spray-drying survival. A simplified process, from cultivation to atomization, was developed by using whey as a 2-in-1 medium in which propionibacteria were grown, protected and dried with minimal cell death. This innovative process was then subjected to scaling up at the industrial level. In this aim, a gentle multi-stage drying process offering mild drying conditions by coupling spray drying with belt drying, led to final probiotic survival close to 100% when stress tolerance acquisition was previously implemented. Such innovation opens new avenues for the efficient, cost-effective and sustainable development of new probiotic production technologies, as well as probiotic application in the context of food and feed. KEY POINTS: • Propionibacteria acquire multi-stress tolerance when grown in hyper-concentrated whey. • Spray drying of osmo-adapted probiotic bacteria is possible with limited cell death. • A two-in-one drying method is developed to grow and dry probiotic bacteria in the same matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gwénaël Jan
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35042, Rennes, France.
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Manca C, Carta G, Murru E, Abolghasemi A, Ansar H, Errigo A, Cani PD, Banni S, Pes GM. Circulating fatty acids and endocannabinoidome-related mediator profiles associated to human longevity. GeroScience 2021; 43:1783-1798. [PMID: 33650014 PMCID: PMC8492808 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate whether a peculiar plasma profile of fatty acids and endocannabinoidome (eCBome)-related mediators may be associated to longevity, we assessed them in octogenarians (Old; n=42) living in the east-central mountain area of Sardinia, a High-Longevity Zone (HLZ), compared to sexagenarian (Young; n=21) subjects from the same area, and to Olds (n=22) from the Northern Sardinia indicated as Lower-Longevity Zone (LLZ). We found significant increases in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and heptadecanoic acid (17:0) levels in Old-HLZ with respect to younger subjects and Old-LLZ subjects. Young-HLZ subjects exhibited higher circulating levels of pentadecanoic acid (15:0) and retinol. Palmitoleic acid (POA) was elevated in both Young and Old subjects from the HLZ. eCBome profile showed a significantly increased plasma level of the two endocannabinoids, N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) in Old-HLZ subjects compared to Young-HLZ and Old-LLZ respectively. In addition, we found increased N-oleoyl-ethanolamine (OEA), 2-linoleoyl-glycerol (2-LG) and 2-oleoyl-glycerol (2-OG) levels in Old-HLZ group with respect to Young-HLZ (as for OEA an d 2-LG) and both the Old-LLZ and Young-HLZ for 2-OG. The endogenous metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), N-docosahexaenoyl-ethanolamine (DHEA) was significantly increased in Old-HLZ subjects. In conclusion, our results suggest that in the HLZ area, Young and Old subjects exhibited a favourable, albeit distinctive, fatty acids and eCBome profile that may be indicative of a metabolic pattern potentially protective from adverse chronic conditions. These factors could point to a suitable physiological metabolic pattern that may counteract the adverse stimuli leading to age-related disorders such as neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Armita Abolghasemi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Hastimansooreh Ansar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Alessandra Errigo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Mario Pes
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Sardinia Longevity Blue Zone Observatory, Ogliastra, Italy
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Neyrinck AM, Rodriguez J, Zhang Z, Seethaler B, Sánchez CR, Roumain M, Hiel S, Bindels LB, Cani PD, Paquot N, Cnop M, Nazare JA, Laville M, Muccioli GG, Bischoff SC, Walter J, Thissen JP, Delzenne NM. Prebiotic dietary fibre intervention improves fecal markers related to inflammation in obese patients: results from the Food4Gut randomized placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3159-3170. [PMID: 33544206 PMCID: PMC8354918 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Inulin-type fructans (ITF) are prebiotic dietary fibre (DF) that may confer beneficial health effects, by interacting with the gut microbiota. We have tested the hypothesis that a dietary intervention promoting inulin intake versus placebo influences fecal microbial-derived metabolites and markers related to gut integrity and inflammation in obese patients. Methods Microbiota (16S rRNA sequencing), long- and short-chain fatty acids (LCFA, SCFA), bile acids, zonulin, and calprotectin were analyzed in fecal samples obtained from obese patients included in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Participants received either 16 g/d native inulin (prebiotic n = 12) versus maltodextrin (placebo n = 12), coupled to dietary advice to consume inulin-rich versus inulin-poor vegetables for 3 months, in addition to dietary caloric restriction. Results Both placebo and prebiotic interventions lowered energy and protein intake. A substantial increase in Bifidobacterium was detected after ITF treatment (q = 0.049) supporting our recent data obtained in a larger cohort. Interestingly, fecal calprotectin, a marker of gut inflammation, was reduced upon ITF treatment. Both prebiotic and placebo interventions increased the ratio of tauro-conjugated/free bile acids in feces. Prebiotic treatment did not significantly modify fecal SCFA content but it increased fecal rumenic acid, a conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11 CLA) with immunomodulatory properties, that correlated notably to the expansion of Bifidobacterium (p = 0.031; r = 0.052). Conclusions Our study demonstrates that ITF-prebiotic intake during 3 months decreases a fecal marker of intestinal inflammation in obese patients. Our data point to a potential contribution of microbial lipid-derived metabolites in gastro-intestinal dysfunction related to obesity. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03852069 (February 22, 2019 retrospectively, registered). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02484-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, avenue E. Mounier box B1.73.11, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Rodriguez
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, avenue E. Mounier box B1.73.11, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zhengxiao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Benjamin Seethaler
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Hohenheim, Germany
| | - Cándido Robles Sánchez
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, avenue E. Mounier box B1.73.11, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martin Roumain
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hiel
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, avenue E. Mounier box B1.73.11, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure B Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, avenue E. Mounier box B1.73.11, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, avenue E. Mounier box B1.73.11, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium.,WELBIO- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Paquot
- Laboratory of Diabetology, Nutrition and Metabolic Disease, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie-Anne Nazare
- Rhône-Alpes Research Center for Human Nutrition, Université-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Martine Laville
- Rhône-Alpes Research Center for Human Nutrition, Université-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Hohenheim, Germany
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Medicine, and School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jean-Paul Thissen
- Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, avenue E. Mounier box B1.73.11, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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11
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Impact of protein on the composition and metabolism of the human gut microbiota and health. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 80:173-185. [PMID: 33349284 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665120008022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The composition and metabolic activity of the bacteria that inhabit the large intestine can have a major impact on health. Despite considerable inter-individual variation across bacterial species, the dominant phyla are generally highly conserved. There are several exogenous and gut environmental factors that play a role in modulating the composition and activities of colonic bacteria including diet with intakes of different macronutrients, including protein, accounting for approximately 20% of the microbial variation. Certain bacterial species tend to be considered as generalists and can metabolise a broad range of substrates, including both carbohydrate- and protein-derived substrates, whilst other species are specialists with a rather limited metabolic capacity. Metabolism of peptides and amino acids by gut bacteria can result in the formation of a wide range of metabolites several of which are considered deleterious to health including nitrosamines, heterocyclic amines and hydrogen sulphide as some of these products are genotoxic and have been linked to colonic disease. Beneficial metabolites however include SCFA and certain species can use amino acids to form butyrate which is the major energy source for colonocytes. The impact on health may however depend on the source of these products. In this review, we consider the impact of diet, particularly protein diets, on modulating the composition of the gut microbiota and likely health consequences and the potential impact of climate change and food security.
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12
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Rodriguez J, Neyrinck AM, Zhang Z, Seethaler B, Nazare JA, Robles Sánchez C, Roumain M, Muccioli GG, Bindels LB, Cani PD, Maquet V, Laville M, Bischoff SC, Walter J, Delzenne NM. Metabolite profiling reveals the interaction of chitin-glucan with the gut microbiota. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1810530. [PMID: 32893709 PMCID: PMC7524357 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1810530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fibers are considered beneficial nutrients for health. Current data suggest that their interaction with the gut microbiota largely contributes to their physiological effects. In this context, chitin-glucan (CG) improves metabolic disorders associated with obesity in mice, but its effect on gut microbiota has never been evaluated in humans. This study explores the effect of a 3-week intervention with CG supplementation in healthy individuals on gut microbiota composition and bacterial metabolites. CG was given to healthy volunteers (n = 15) for three weeks as a supplement (4.5 g/day). Food diary, visual analog and Bristol stool form scales and a "quality of life" survey were analyzed. Among gut microbiota-derived metabolites, bile acids (BA), long- and short-chain fatty acids (LCFA, SCFA) profiling were assessed in stool samples. The gut microbiota (primary outcome) was analyzed by Illumina sequencing. A 3-week supplementation with CG is well tolerated in healthy humans. CG induces specific changes in the gut microbiota composition, with Eubacterium, Dorea and Roseburia genera showing the strongest regulation. In addition, CG increased bacterial metabolites in feces including butyric, iso-valeric, caproic and vaccenic acids. No major changes were observed for the fecal BA profile following CG intervention. In summary, our work reveals new potential bacterial genera and gut microbiota-derived metabolites characterizing the interaction between an insoluble dietary fiber -CG- and the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rodriguez
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey M. Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zhengxiao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Benjamin Seethaler
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julie-Anne Nazare
- Rhône-Alpes Research Center for Human Nutrition, Université-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Cándido Robles Sánchez
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martin Roumain
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giulio G. Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure B. Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrice D. Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,WELBIO- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Martine Laville
- Rhône-Alpes Research Center for Human Nutrition, Université-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Stephan C. Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada,APC Microbiome Ireland, Department of Medicine, and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,CONTACT Nathalie M. Delzenne Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200Brussels, Belgium
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13
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He X, McClorry S, Hernell O, Lönnerdal B, Slupsky CM. Digestion of human milk fat in healthy infants. Nutr Res 2020; 83:15-29. [PMID: 32987285 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid digestion is critical for infant development, and yet, the interconnection between lipid digestion and the microbiota is largely understudied. This review focuses on digestion of the human milk fat globule and summarizes the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying this process in infants. We first discuss the partial hydrolysis of milk fat in the stomach, which leads to rearrangement of lipid droplets, creating a lipid-water interface necessary for duodenal lipolysis. In the first few months of life, secretion of pancreatic triglyceride lipase, phospholipase A2, and bile salts is immature. The dominant lipases aiding fat digestion in the newborn small intestine are therefore pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 and bile salt-stimulated lipase from both the exocrine pancreas and milk. We summarize the interaction between ionic fatty acids and cations to form insoluble fatty acid soaps and how it is influenced by various factors, including cation availability, pH, and bile salt concentration, as well as saturation and chain length of fatty acids. We further argue that the formation of the soap complex does not contribute to lipid bioavailability. Next, the possible roles that the gut microbiota plays in lipid digestion and absorption are discussed. Finally, we provide a perspective on how the manufacturing process of infant formula and dairy products may alter the physical properties and structure of lipid droplets, thereby altering the rate of lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan He
- Department of Nutrition, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Shannon McClorry
- Department of Nutrition, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Olle Hernell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, SE 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Carolyn M Slupsky
- Department of Nutrition, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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14
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Dewanckele L, Jeyanathan J, Vlaeminck B, Fievez V. Identifying and exploring biohydrogenating rumen bacteria with emphasis on pathways including trans-10 intermediates. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:198. [PMID: 32635901 PMCID: PMC7339423 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01876-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bacteria involved in ruminal formation of trans-10 intermediates are unclear. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying rumen bacteria that produce trans-10 intermediates from 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acids. Results Pure cultures of 28 rumen bacterial species were incubated individually in the presence of 40 μg/mL 18:3n-3, 18:2n-6 or trans-11 18:1 under control or lactate-enriched (200 mM Na lactate) conditions for 24 h. Of the 28 strains, Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) was the only bacterium found to produce trans-10 intermediates from 18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6, irrespective of the growth condition. To further assess the potential importance of this species in the trans-11 to trans-10 shift, different biomass ratios of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens (as a trans-11 producer) and C. acnes were incubated in different growth media (control, low pH and 22:6n-3 enriched media) containing 40 μg/mL 18:2n-6. Under control conditions, a trans-10 shift, defined in the current study as trans-10/trans-11 ≥ 0.9, occurred when the biomass of C. acnes represented between 90 and 98% of the inoculum. A low pH or addition of 22:6n-3 inhibited cis-9, trans-11 CLA and trans-10, cis-12 CLA formation by B. fibrisolvens and C. acnes, respectively, whereby C. acnes seemed to be more tolerant. This resulted in a decreased biomass of C. acnes required at inoculation to induce a trans-10 shift to 50% (low pH) and 90% (22:6n-3 addition). Conclusions Among the bacterial species studied,C. acnes was the only bacterium that have the metabolic ability to produce trans-10 intermediates from 18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6. Nevertheless, this experiment revealed that it is unlikely that C. acnes is the only or predominant species involved in the trans-11 to trans-10 shift in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lore Dewanckele
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality (LANUPRO), Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeyamalar Jeyanathan
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality (LANUPRO), Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Vlaeminck
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality (LANUPRO), Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Present address: Research Group Marine Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veerle Fievez
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality (LANUPRO), Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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15
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Dewanckele L, Toral PG, Vlaeminck B, Fievez V. Invited review: Role of rumen biohydrogenation intermediates and rumen microbes in diet-induced milk fat depression: An update. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:7655-7681. [PMID: 32600765 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To meet the energy requirements of high-yielding dairy cows, grains and fats have increasingly been incorporated in ruminant diets. Moreover, lipid supplements have been included in ruminant diets under experimental or practical conditions to increase the concentrations of bioactive n-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids in milk and meat. Nevertheless, those feeding practices have dramatically increased the incidence of milk fat depression in dairy cattle. Although induction of milk fat depression may be a management tool, most often, diet-induced milk fat depression is unintended and associated with a direct economic loss. In this review, we give an update on the role of fatty acids, particularly originating from rumen biohydrogenation, as well as of rumen microbes in diet-induced milk fat depression. Although this syndrome seems to be multi-etiological, the best-known causal factor remains the shift in rumen biohydrogenation pathway from the formation of mainly trans-11 intermediates toward greater accumulation of trans-10 intermediates, referred to as the trans-11 to trans-10 shift. The microbial etiology of this trans-11 to trans-10 shift is not well understood yet and it seems that unraveling the microbial mechanisms of diet-induced milk fat depression is challenging. Potential strategies to avoid diet-induced milk fat depression are supplementation with rumen stabilizers, selection toward more tolerant animals, tailored management of cows at risk, selection toward more efficient fiber-digesting cows, or feeding less concentrates and grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dewanckele
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality (Lanupro), Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - P G Toral
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - B Vlaeminck
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality (Lanupro), Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - V Fievez
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality (Lanupro), Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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16
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Han KH, Kim B, Ji SC, Kang HG, Cheong HI, Cho JY, Ha IS. Mechanism of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression and Novel Biomarkers: A Metabolomic Analysis of Experimental Glomerulonephritis. Metabolites 2020; 10:E169. [PMID: 32344531 PMCID: PMC7240957 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10040169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While a complex network of cellular and molecular events is known to be involved in the pathophysiological mechanism of chronic kidney disease (CKD), the divergence point between reversal and progression and the event that triggers CKD progression are still unknown. To understand the different mechanisms between reversible and irreversible kidney disease and to search for urinary biomarkers that can predict prognosis, a metabolomic analysis was applied to compare acute and chronic experimental glomerulonephritis (GN) models. Four metabolites, namely, epoxyoctadecenoic acid (EpOME), epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (EpETE), α-linolenic acid (ALA), and hydroxyretinoic acid, were identified as predictive markers after comparing the chronic nephritis model with acute nephritis and control groups (false discovery rate adjusted p-value (q-value) < 0.05). Renal mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 and epoxide hydrolase was also identified as being involved in the production of epoxide metabolites from these polyunsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.05). These results suggested that the progression of chronic kidney disease is associated with abnormally activated epoxide hydrolase, leading to an increase in EpOME and EpETE as pro-inflammatory eicosanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Hee Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Aran 13gil 15, Jeju-si, Jeju 63241, Korea;
| | - Bora Kim
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (B.K.); (S.C.J.); (H.G.K.)
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sang Chun Ji
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (B.K.); (S.C.J.); (H.G.K.)
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hee Gyung Kang
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (B.K.); (S.C.J.); (H.G.K.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Hae Il Cheong
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Il-Soo Ha
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (B.K.); (S.C.J.); (H.G.K.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea;
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17
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Silveira-Nunes G, Durso DF, Jr. LRADO, Cunha EHM, Maioli TU, Vieira AT, Speziali E, Corrêa-Oliveira R, Martins-Filho OA, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Franceschi C, Rampelli S, Turroni S, Brigidi P, Faria AMC. Hypertension Is Associated With Intestinal Microbiota Dysbiosis and Inflammation in a Brazilian Population. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:258. [PMID: 32226382 PMCID: PMC7080704 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major global health challenge, as it represents the main risk factor for stroke and cardiovascular disease. It is a multifactorial clinical condition characterized by high and sustained levels of blood pressure, likely resulting from a complex interplay of endogenous and environmental factors. The gut microbiota has been strongly supposed to be involved but its role in hypertension is still poorly understood. In an attempt to fill this gap, here we characterized the microbial composition of fecal samples from 48 hypertensive and 32 normotensive Brazilian individuals by next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In addition, the cytokine production of peripheral blood samples was investigated to build an immunological profile of these individuals. We identified a dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota in hypertensive subjects, featured by reduced biodiversity and distinct bacterial signatures compared with the normotensive counterpart. Along with a reduction in Bacteroidetes members, hypertensive individuals were indeed mainly characterized by increased proportions of Lactobacillus and Akkermansia while decreased relative abundances of well-known butyrate-producing commensals, including Roseburia and Faecalibacterium within the Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families. We also observed an inflamed immune profile in hypertensive individuals with an increase in TNF/IFN-γ ratio, and in TNF and IL-6 production when compared to normotensive ones. Our work provides the first evidence of association of hypertension with altered gut microbiota and inflammation in a Brazilian population. While lending support to the existence of potential microbial signatures of hypertension, likely to be robust to age and geography, our findings point to largely neglected bacteria as potential contributors to intestinal homeostasis loss and emphasize the high vulnerability of hypertensive individuals to inflammation-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Silveira-Nunes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, Instituto de Ciências da Vida, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora – Campus Avançado de Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Danielle Fernandes Durso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tatiani Uceli Maioli
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Angélica Thomaz Vieira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elaine Speziali
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Corrêa-Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Andrea Teixeira-Carvalho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics (ITMM), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ana Maria Caetano Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Ruan W, Engevik MA, Spinler JK, Versalovic J. Healthy Human Gastrointestinal Microbiome: Composition and Function After a Decade of Exploration. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:695-705. [PMID: 32067143 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract contains communities of microbes (bacteria, fungi, viruses) that vary by anatomic location and impact human health. Microbial communities differ in composition based on age, diet, and location in the gastrointestinal tract. Differences in microbial composition have been associated with chronic disease states. In terms of function, microbial metabolites provide key signals that help maintain healthy human physiology. Alterations of the healthy gastrointestinal microbiome have been linked to the development of various disease states including inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, and colorectal cancer. While the definition of a healthy GI microbiome cannot be precisely identified, features of a healthy gut microbiome include relatively greater biodiversity and relative abundances of specific phyla and genera. Microbes with desirable functional profiles for the human host have been identified, in addition to specific metabolic features of the microbiome. This article reviews the composition and function of the healthy human GI microbiome, including the relative abundances of different bacterial taxa and the specific metabolic pathways and classes of microbial metabolites contributing to human health and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenly Ruan
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melinda A Engevik
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates St., Feigin Tower Suite 830, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer K Spinler
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates St., Feigin Tower Suite 830, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - James Versalovic
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates St., Feigin Tower Suite 830, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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19
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Furse S, Torres AG, Koulman A. Fermentation of Milk into Yoghurt and Cheese Leads to Contrasting Lipid and Glyceride Profiles. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092178. [PMID: 31514309 PMCID: PMC6770487 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that the consumption of fermented dairy products such as cheese and yoghurt is associated with a reduced risk of type II diabetes. This effect is greater than in fresh milk and differs between cheese and yoghurt. However, the molecular components responsible for the effect are not known. We tested the hypothesis that the lipid and/or glyceride profiles of yoghurts and cheeses are distinct from one another and fresh milk. We developed a novel sample preparation technique for high-fat samples that can be used with Direct Infusion–Mass Spectrometry. We found that the lipid and glyceride profiles of cheddars from the UK, Ireland and France, and hard cheeses from Sweden and Italy were similar to one another but distinct from unfermented dairy products. The lipid and glyceride profile of yoghurts was varied and included types that may be similar to fresh milk. Several odd-chain-containing triglycerides were more abundant, while a variety of others were less abundant, in fermented milk samples. Phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines were more abundant in cheeses, with evidence that the phosphatidylethanomine profile is re-modelled in a way that reflects the bacterial cell envelope. We concluded that a combination of microorganismal metabolism, concentration of the lipid/glyceride fraction and oxidation during fermentation contribute to the observed lipid profile if fermented dairy foods. These differences in the lipid and glyceride profile provide a new avenue for understanding why different fermented dairy foods show a different association with reduced disease risk compared to unfermented dairy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Furse
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-MRL Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Level 4 Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Keith Day Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Alexandre G Torres
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos e Laboratório de Química e Bioquímica de Lipídios, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, CT/ Bl. A, Rio de Janeiro 21949-909, Brazil.
| | - Albert Koulman
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-MRL Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Level 4 Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Keith Day Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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20
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Dewanckele L, Vlaeminck B, Fievez V. Sharpea azabuensis: a ruminal bacterium that produces trans-11 intermediates from linoleic and linolenic acid. Microbiology (Reading) 2019; 165:772-778. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lore Dewanckele
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality (Lanupro), Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Campus Coupure, Block F, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Vlaeminck
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality (Lanupro), Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Campus Coupure, Block F, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veerle Fievez
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality (Lanupro), Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Campus Coupure, Block F, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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21
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Dewanckele L, Jing L, Stefańska B, Vlaeminck B, Jeyanathan J, Van Straalen W, Koopmans A, Fievez V. Distinct blood and milk 18-carbon fatty acid proportions and buccal bacterial populations in dairy cows differing in reticulorumen pH response to dietary supplementation of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:4025-4040. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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22
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Capuano E, Pellegrini N. An integrated look at the effect of structure on nutrient bioavailability in plant foods. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:493-498. [PMID: 30066376 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The true bioavailability of a nutrient being intrinsically coupled to the specific food matrix in which it occurs remains poorly considered in nutrition science. During digestion, the food matrix and, in particular, the structure of food modulate the extent and kinetics to which nutrients and bioactive compounds make themselves available for absorption. In this perspective, we describe an integrated look at the effect of structure on nutrient bioavailability in plant foods. Based on this integrated look, cell wall integrity and the particle size of the plant material during its transit in the small intestine determine the bioavailability of plant nutrients; in turn, cell wall integrity and particle size are determined by the level of oral processing and, accordingly, what subsequently escapes digestion in the upper intestine and is utilized by colon microbiota. Ultimately, the effect on nutrient digestion is linked to food structure through each step of digestion. A consideration of the structure rather than just the composition of foods opens up possibilities for the design of healthier foods. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Capuano
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicoletta Pellegrini
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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23
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Seo SH, Park SE, Kim EJ, Youn D, Lee YM, Lee SY, Bok SH, Park DH, Seo CS, Byun SH, Jun KY, Kim DS, Na CS, Son HS. GC/MS-Based Metabolomics Approach to Evaluate the Effect of Jackyakgamcho-Tang on Acute Colitis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:4572764. [PMID: 30800169 PMCID: PMC6360583 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4572764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of Jackyakgamcho-tang (JGT) on acute colitis. GC/MS-based metabolomics and NGS-based metagenomics were applied to investigate the alteration of metabolites and microbiota in an acute colitis model. The severity of acute colitis symptoms was alleviated by JGT treatment. Induction of colitis and JGT treatment changed compositions of gut microbiota and inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α and IL-6). They also substantially change metabolites (i.e., lactic acid, linoleic acid, monostearin, and palmitoylglycerol). In addition, some clear correlations were observed among metabolites, cytokine, and microbiota. This study highlights the applicability of metabolomics and metagenomics study for evaluating anti-inflammatory effects of a new functional herbal medicine as a therapeutic agent for acute colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ho Seo
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Park
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Kim
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehwan Youn
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Lee
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Young Lee
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyeon Bok
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hun Park
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Jun
- Hanpoong Pharm. Co., Ltd., Wanju 55316, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Kim
- Hanpoong Pharm. Co., Ltd., Wanju 55316, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Su Na
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Seok Son
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
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24
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Salsinha AS, Pimentel LL, Fontes AL, Gomes AM, Rodríguez-Alcalá LM. Microbial Production of Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Conjugated Linolenic Acid Relies on a Multienzymatic System. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2018; 82:e00019-18. [PMID: 30158254 PMCID: PMC6298612 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00019-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) and conjugated linolenic acids (CLNAs) have gained significant attention due to their anticarcinogenic and lipid/energy metabolism-modulatory effects. However, their concentration in foodstuffs is insufficient for any therapeutic application to be implemented. From a biotechnological standpoint, microbial production of these conjugated fatty acids (CFAs) has been explored as an alternative, and strains of the genera Propionibacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium have shown promising producing capacities. Current screening research works are generally based on direct analytical determination of production capacity (e.g., trial and error), representing an important bottleneck in these studies. This review aims to summarize the available information regarding identified genes and proteins involved in CLA/CLNA production by these groups of bacteria and, consequently, the possible enzymatic reactions behind such metabolic processes. Linoleate isomerase (LAI) was the first enzyme to be described to be involved in the microbiological transformation of linoleic acids (LAs) and linolenic acids (LNAs) into CFA isomers. Thus, the availability of lai gene sequences has allowed the development of genetic screening tools. Nevertheless, several studies have reported that LAIs have significant homology with myosin-cross-reactive antigen (MCRA) proteins, which are involved in the synthesis of hydroxy fatty acids, as shown by hydratase activity. Furthermore, it has been suggested that CLA and/or CLNA production results from a stress response performed by the activation of more than one gene in a multiple-step reaction. Studies on CFA biochemical pathways are essential to understand and characterize the metabolic mechanism behind this process, unraveling all the gene products that may be involved. As some of these bacteria have shown modulation of lipid metabolism in vivo, further research to be focused on this topic may help us to understand the role of the gut microbiota in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Salsinha
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lígia L Pimentel
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Sistemas de Informação em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Unidade de Investigação de Química Orgânica, Produtos Naturais e Agroalimentares, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana L Fontes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
- Unidade de Investigação de Química Orgânica, Produtos Naturais e Agroalimentares, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana M Gomes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luis M Rodríguez-Alcalá
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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25
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Bainbridge ML, Saldinger LK, Barlow JW, Alvez JP, Roman J, Kraft J. Alteration of Rumen Bacteria and Protozoa Through Grazing Regime as a Tool to Enhance the Bioactive Fatty Acid Content of Bovine Milk. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:904. [PMID: 29867815 PMCID: PMC5951984 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rumen microorganisms are the origin of many bioactive fatty acids (FA) found in ruminant-derived food products. Differences in plant leaf anatomy and chemical composition between cool- and warm-season pastures may alter rumen microorganisms, potentially enhancing the quantity/profile of bioactive FA available for incorporation into milk. The objective of this study was to identify rumen bacteria and protozoa and their cellular FA when cows grazed a warm-season annual, pearl millet (PM), in comparison to a diverse cool-season pasture (CSP). Individual rumen digesta samples were obtained from five Holstein cows in a repeated measures design with 28-day periods. The treatment sequence was PM, CSP, then PM. Microbial DNA was extracted from rumen digesta and sequence reads were produced with Illumina MiSeq. Fatty acids (FA) were identified in rumen bacteria and protozoa using gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Microbial communities shifted in response to grazing regime. Bacteria of the phylum Bacteroidetes were more abundant during PM than CSP (P < 0.05), while protozoa of the genus Eudiplodinium were more abundant during CSP than PM (P < 0.05). Microbial cellular FA profiles differed between treatments. Bacteria and protozoa from cows grazing CSP contained more n-3 FA (P < 0.001) and vaccenic acid (P < 0.01), but lower proportions of branched-chain FA (P < 0.05). Microbial FA correlated with microbial taxa and levels of vaccenic acid, rumenic acid, and α-linolenic acid in milk. In conclusion, grazing regime can potentially be used to alter microbial communities shifting the FA profile of microbial cells, and subsequently, alter the milk FA profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Bainbridge
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Laurel K Saldinger
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - John W Barlow
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Juan P Alvez
- Center for Sustainable Agriculture, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Joe Roman
- Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Jana Kraft
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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26
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Dewanckele L, Vlaeminck B, Hernandez-Sanabria E, Ruiz-González A, Debruyne S, Jeyanathan J, Fievez V. Rumen Biohydrogenation and Microbial Community Changes Upon Early Life Supplementation of 22:6 n-3 Enriched Microalgae to Goats. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:573. [PMID: 29636742 PMCID: PMC5880937 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-enriched products inhibits the final step of biohydrogenation in the adult rumen, resulting in the accumulation of 18:1 isomers, particularly of trans(t)-11 18:1. Occasionally, a shift toward the formation of t10 intermediates at the expense of t11 intermediates can be triggered. However, whether similar impact would occur when supplementing DHA-enriched products during pregnancy or early life remains unknown. Therefore, the current in vivo study aimed to investigate the effect of a nutritional intervention with DHA in the early life of goat kids on rumen biohydrogenation and microbial community. Delivery of DHA was achieved by supplementing DHA-enriched microalgae (DHA Gold) either to the maternal diet during pregnancy (prenatal) or to the diet of the young offspring (postnatal). At the age of 12 weeks, rumen fluid was sampled for analysis of long-chain fatty acids and microbial community based on bacterial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Postnatal supplementation with DHA-enriched microalgae inhibited the final biohydrogenation step, as observed in adult animals. This resulted particularly in increased ruminal proportions of t11 18:1 rather than a shift to t10 intermediates, suggesting that both young and adult goats might be less prone to dietary induced shifts toward the formation of t10 intermediates, in comparison with cows. Although Butyrivibrio species have been identified as the most important biohydrogenating bacteria, this genus was more abundant when complete biohydrogenation, i.e. 18:0 formation, was inhibited. Blautia abundance was positively correlated with 18:0 accumulation, whereas Lactobacillus spp. Dialister spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. were more abundant in situations with greater t10 accumulation. Extensive comparisons made between current results and literature data indicate that current associations between biohydrogenation intermediates and rumen bacteria in young goats align with former observations in adult ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lore Dewanckele
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Vlaeminck
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emma Hernandez-Sanabria
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexis Ruiz-González
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sieglinde Debruyne
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Animal Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Melle, Belgium
| | - Jeyamalar Jeyanathan
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veerle Fievez
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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27
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McCall LI, Tripathi A, Vargas F, Knight R, Dorrestein PC, Siqueira-Neto JL. Experimental Chagas disease-induced perturbations of the fecal microbiome and metabolome. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018. [PMID: 29529084 PMCID: PMC5864088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi parasites are the causative agents of Chagas disease. These parasites infect cardiac and gastrointestinal tissues, leading to local inflammation and tissue damage. Digestive Chagas disease is associated with perturbations in food absorption, intestinal traffic and defecation. However, the impact of T. cruzi infection on the gut microbiota and metabolome have yet to be characterized. In this study, we applied mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and 16S rRNA sequencing to profile infection-associated alterations in fecal bacterial composition and fecal metabolome through the acute-stage and into the chronic stage of infection, in a murine model of Chagas disease. We observed joint microbial and chemical perturbations associated with T. cruzi infection. These included alterations in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) derivatives and in specific members of families Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae, as well as alterations in secondary bile acids and members of order Clostridiales. These results highlight the importance of multi-‘omics’ and poly-microbial studies in understanding parasitic diseases in general, and Chagas disease in particular. Host-parasite interactions are usually studied as a binary system, without considering the role of the host microbiota. This work integrates microbiome research into the study of gastrointestinal Chagas disease. We show that T. cruzi infection perturbs the fecal microbiome and metabolome, indicating functional changes affecting the gastrointestinal lumen. Our results support further investigation into the role of the microbiota-parasite interaction in gastrointestinal Chagas disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura-Isobel McCall
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Anupriya Tripathi
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Fernando Vargas
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jair L Siqueira-Neto
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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28
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Pachikian BD, Druart C, Catry E, Bindels LB, Neyrinck AM, Larondelle Y, Cani PD, Delzenne NM. Implication of trans-11,trans-13 conjugated linoleic acid in the development of hepatic steatosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192447. [PMID: 29389988 PMCID: PMC5794163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SCOPE Conjugated linoleic acids are linoleic acid isomers found in the diet that can also be produced through bacterial metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Our objective was to evaluate the contribution of fatty acid metabolites produced from polyunsaturated fatty acids by the gut microbiota in vivo to regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism and steatosis. METHODS AND RESULTS In mice with depleted n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, we observed an accumulation of trans-11,trans-13 CLA and cis-9,cis-11 conjugated linoleic acids in the liver tissue that were associated with an increased triglyceride content and expression of lipogenic genes. We used an in vitro model to evaluate the impact of these two conjugated linoleic acids on hepatic lipid metabolism. In HepG2 cells, we observed that only trans-11,trans-13 conjugated linoleic acids recapitulated triglyceride accumulation and increased lipogenic gene expression, which is a phenomenon that may implicate the nuclear factors sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). CONCLUSION The trans-11,trans-13 conjugated linoleic acids can stimulate hepatic lipogenesis, which supports the conclusion that gut microbiota and related metabolites should be considered in the treatment of non-alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara D. Pachikian
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Céline Druart
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emilie Catry
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure B. Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey M. Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yvan Larondelle
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Patrice D. Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Université catholique de Louvain, WELBIO, WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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29
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Engevik MA, Versalovic J. Biochemical Features of Beneficial Microbes: Foundations for Therapeutic Microbiology. Microbiol Spectr 2017; 5:10.1128/microbiolspec.BAD-0012-2016. [PMID: 28984235 PMCID: PMC5873327 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.bad-0012-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Commensal and beneficial microbes secrete myriad products which target the mammalian host and other microbes. These secreted substances aid in bacterial niche development, and select compounds beneficially modulate the host and promote health. Microbes produce unique compounds which can serve as signaling factors to the host, such as biogenic amine neuromodulators, or quorum-sensing molecules to facilitate inter-bacterial communication. Bacterial metabolites can also participate in functional enhancement of host metabolic capabilities, immunoregulation, and improvement of intestinal barrier function. Secreted products such as lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, bacteriocins, and bacteriocin-like substances can also target the microbiome. Microbes differ greatly in their metabolic potential and subsequent host effects. As a result, knowledge about microbial metabolites will facilitate selection of next-generation probiotics and therapeutic compounds derived from the mammalian microbiome. In this article we describe prominent examples of microbial metabolites and their effects on microbial communities and the mammalian host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A Engevik
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 and Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - James Versalovic
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 and Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
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Turroni S, Brigidi P, Cavalli A, Candela M. Microbiota–Host Transgenomic Metabolism, Bioactive Molecules from the Inside. J Med Chem 2017; 61:47-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Turroni
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro
6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro
6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro
6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Compunet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro
6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
Many countries are facing aging populations, with those over 65 years of age likely to represent the largest population over the next 10-20 years. Living longer often comes with poor health and, in particular, a decline in the immune function characterized by poor vaccine responses and increased risk of infection and certain cancers. Aging and diet represent major intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence the makeup and activity of resident intestinal microbes, the microbiota, the efficient functioning of which is essential for sustaining overall health and the effectiveness of the immune system. The provision of elderly specific dietary recommendations appears to be lacking but is necessary since this population has an altered microbiota and immune response and may not respond in the same way as their healthy and younger counterparts. We have reviewed the evidence supporting the role of diet and, in particular, dietary carbohydrate, protein, and fat in influencing the microbiota and its generation of key metabolites that influence the efficient functioning of immune cells during aging, and how dietary intervention might be of benefit in improving the intestinal health and immune status in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Clements
- a Gut Health & Food Safety Research Programme , Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park , Norwich , Norfolk , NR4 7UA
| | - Simon R Carding
- a Gut Health & Food Safety Research Programme , Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park , Norwich , Norfolk , NR4 7UA.,b Norwich Medical School , University of East Anglia , Norwich , Norfolk , UK
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Dairy Propionibacteria: Versatile Probiotics. Microorganisms 2017; 5:microorganisms5020024. [PMID: 28505101 PMCID: PMC5488095 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy propionibacteria are used as cheese ripening starters, as biopreservative and as beneficial additives, in the food industry. The main species, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, is known as GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe, USA, FDA). In addition to another dairy species, Propionibacterium acidipropionici, they are included in QPS (Qualified Presumption of Safety) list. Additional to their well-known technological application, dairy propionibacteria increasingly attract attention for their promising probiotic properties. The purpose of this review is to summarize the probiotic characteristics of dairy propionibacteria reported by the updated literature. Indeed, they meet the selection criteria for probiotic bacteria, such as the ability to endure digestive stressing conditions and to adhere to intestinal epithelial cells. This is a prerequisite to bacterial persistence within the gut. The reported beneficial effects are ranked according to property’s type: microbiota modulation, immunomodulation, and cancer modulation. The proposed molecular mechanisms are discussed. Dairy propionibacteria are described as producers of nutraceuticals and beneficial metabolites that are responsible for their versatile probiotic attributes include short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), conjugated fatty acids, surface proteins, and 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphtoic acid (DHNA). These metabolites possess beneficial properties and their production depends on the strain and on the growth medium. The choice of the fermented food matrix may thus determine the probiotic properties of the ingested product. This review approaches dairy propionibacteria, with an interest in both technological abilities and probiotic attributes.
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33
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Read MN, Holmes AJ. Towards an Integrative Understanding of Diet-Host-Gut Microbiome Interactions. Front Immunol 2017; 8:538. [PMID: 28533782 PMCID: PMC5421151 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, a sizeable body of research has linked the microbiome and host diet to a remarkable diversity of diseases. Yet, unifying principles of microbiome assembly or function, at levels required to rationally manipulate a specific individual's microbiome to their benefit, have not emerged. A key driver of both community composition and activity is the host diet, but diet-microbiome interactions cannot be characterized without consideration of host-diet interactions such as appetite and digestion. This becomes even more complex if health outcomes are to be explored, as microbes engage in multiple interactions and feedback pathways with the host. Here, we review these interactions and set forth the need to build conceptual models of the diet-microbiome-host axes that draw out the key principles governing this system's dynamics. We highlight how "units of response," characterizations of similarly behaving microbes, do not correlate consistently with microbial sequence relatedness, raising a challenge for relating high-throughput data sets to conceptual models. Furthermore, they are question-specific; responses to resource environment may be captured at higher taxonomic levels, but capturing microbial products that depend on networks of different interacting populations, such as short-chain fatty acid production through anaerobic fermentation, can require consideration of the entire community. We posit that integrative approaches to teasing apart diet-microbe-host interactions will help bridge between experimental data sets and conceptual models and will be of value in formulating predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark N. Read
- The School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Holmes
- The School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Rethinking Diet to Aid Human–Microbe Symbiosis. Trends Microbiol 2017; 25:100-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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De Weirdt R, Hernandez-Sanabria E, Fievez V, Mees E, Geirnaert A, Van Herreweghen F, Vilchez-Vargas R, Van den Abbeele P, Jauregui R, Pieper DH, Vlaeminck B, Van de Wiele T. Mucosa-associated biohydrogenating microbes protect the simulated colon microbiome from stress associated with high concentrations of poly-unsaturated fat. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:722-739. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie De Weirdt
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 Ghent BE-9000 Belgium
| | - Emma Hernandez-Sanabria
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 Ghent BE-9000 Belgium
| | - Veerle Fievez
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Product Quality (Lanupro); Ghent University; Proefhoevestraat 10 Melle BE-9090 Belgium
| | - Eva Mees
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 Ghent BE-9000 Belgium
| | - Annelies Geirnaert
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 Ghent BE-9000 Belgium
| | - Florence Van Herreweghen
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 Ghent BE-9000 Belgium
| | - Ramiro Vilchez-Vargas
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 Ghent BE-9000 Belgium
| | - Pieter Van den Abbeele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 Ghent BE-9000 Belgium
| | - Ruy Jauregui
- Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Department of Molecular Infection Biology; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Inhoffenstraβe 7 Braunschweig D-38124 Germany
| | - Dietmar H. Pieper
- Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Department of Molecular Infection Biology; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Inhoffenstraβe 7 Braunschweig D-38124 Germany
| | - Bruno Vlaeminck
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Product Quality (Lanupro); Ghent University; Proefhoevestraat 10 Melle BE-9090 Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 Ghent BE-9000 Belgium
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Altieri C. Dairy propionibacteria as probiotics: recent evidences. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:172. [PMID: 27565782 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nowdays there is evidence that dairy propionibacteria display probiotic properties, which as yet have been underestimated. The aim of this paper is to review the recent highlights of data representing the probiotic potential of dairy propionibacteria, studied both by general selection criteria (useful for all probiotic potentials), and by more specific and innovative approach. Dairy propionibacteria show a robust nature, that makes them able to overcome technological hurdles, allowing their future use in various fermented probiotic foods. In addition to the general selection criteria for probiotics in areas such as food safety, technological and digestive stress tolerance, many potential health benefits have been recently described for dairy propionibacteria, including, production of several active molecules and adhesion capability, that can mean a steady action in modulation of microbiota and of metabolic activity in the gut; their impact on intestinal inflammation, modulation of the immune system, potential modulation of risk factors for cancer development modulation of intestinal absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clelia Altieri
- Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
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Basson A, Trotter A, Rodriguez-Palacios A, Cominelli F. Mucosal Interactions between Genetics, Diet, and Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2016; 7:290. [PMID: 27531998 PMCID: PMC4970383 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous reviews have discussed gut microbiota composition changes during inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), particularly Crohn’s disease (CD). However, most studies address the observed effects by focusing on studying the univariate connection between disease and dietary-induced alterations to gut microbiota composition. The possibility that these effects may reflect a number of other interconnected (i.e., pantropic) mechanisms, activated in parallel, particularly concerning various bacterial metabolites, is in the process of being elucidated. Progress seems, however, hampered by various difficult-to-study factors interacting at the mucosal level. Here, we highlight some of such factors that merit consideration, namely: (1) the contribution of host genetics and diet in altering gut microbiome, and in turn, the crosstalk among secondary metabolic pathways; (2) the interdependence between the amount of dietary fat, the fatty acid composition, the effects of timing and route of administration on gut microbiota community, and the impact of microbiota-derived fatty acids; (3) the effect of diet on bile acid composition, and the modulator role of bile acids on the gut microbiota; (4) the impact of endogenous and exogenous intestinal micronutrients and metabolites; and (5) the need to consider food associated toxins and chemicals, which can introduce confounding immune modulating elements (e.g., antioxidant and phytochemicals in oils and proteins). These concepts, which are not mutually exclusive, are herein illustrated paying special emphasis on physiologically inter-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Basson
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - Ashley Trotter
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Fabio Cominelli
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Conjugated Linoleic Acid Production by Bifidobacteria: Screening, Kinetic, and Composition. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8654317. [PMID: 27429985 PMCID: PMC4939342 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8654317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid involved in a number of health aspects. In humans, CLA production is performed by gut microbiota, including some species of potential probiotic bifidobacteria. 128 strains of 31 Bifidobacterium species were screened with a spectrophotometric assay to identify novel CLA producers. Most species were nonproducers, while producers belonged to B. breve and B. pseudocatenulatum. GC-MS revealed that CLA producer strains yielded 9cis,11trans-CLA and 9trans,11trans-CLA, without any production of other isomers. Hydroxylated forms of LA were absent in producer strains, suggesting that the myosin-cross-reactive antigen (MCRA) protein that exerts hydratase activity is not involved in LA isomerization. Moreover, both CLA producer and nonproducer species bear a MCRA homologue. The strain B. breve WC 0421 was the best CLA producer, converting LA into 68.8% 9cis,11trans-CLA and 25.1% 9trans,11trans-CLA. Production occurred mostly during the lag and the exponential phase. For the first time, production and incorporation of CLA in biomass were assessed. B. breve WC 0421 stored CLA in the form of free fatty acids, without changing the composition of the esterified fatty acids, which mainly occurred in the plasmatic membrane.
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Gorissen L, Leroy F, De Vuyst L, De Smet S, Raes K. Bacterial production of conjugated linoleic and linolenic Acid in foods: a technological challenge. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:1561-74. [PMID: 24915316 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.706243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) isomers are present in foods derived from ruminants as a result of the respective linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (LNA) metabolism by ruminal microorganisms and in animals' tissues. CLA and CLNA have isomer-specific, health-promoting properties, including anticarcinogenic, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activity, as well as the ability to reduce body fat. Besides ruminal microorganisms, such as Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, many food-grade bacteria, such as bifidobacteria, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and propionibacteria, are able to convert LA and LNA to CLA and CLNA, respectively. Linoleate isomerase activity, responsible for this conversion, is strain-dependent and probably related to the ability of the producer strain to tolerate the toxic effects of LA and LNA. Since natural concentrations of CLA and CLNA in ruminal food products are relatively low to exert their health benefits, food-grade bacteria with linoleate isomerase activity could be used as starter or adjunct cultures to develop functional fermented dairy and meat products with increased levels of CLA and CLNA or included in fermented products as probiotic cultures. However, results obtained so far are below expectations due to technological bottlenecks. More research is needed to assess if bacterial production kinetics can be increased and can match food processing requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Gorissen
- a Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Production, Ghent University , B-9090 Melle, Belgium
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40
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Metabolism ofα-linolenic acid during incubations with strained bovine rumen contents: products and mechanisms. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:2093-105. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516001446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AbstractDescription ofα-linolenic acid (cis-9,cis-12,cis-15-18 : 3, ALA) metabolism in the rumen is incomplete. Ruminal digesta samples were incubated with ALA and buffer containing water or deuterium oxide to investigate the products and mechanisms of ALA biohydrogenation. Geometric Δ9,11,15-18 : 3 isomers were the main intermediates formed from ALA. An increase in then+1 isotopomers of Δ9,11,15-18 : 3 was due to2H labelling at C-13. Isomers of Δ9,11,13-18 : 3,cis-7,cis-12,cis-15-18 : 3 andcis-8,cis-12,cis-15-18 : 3 were also formed. No increase inn+1 isotopomers of Δ7,12,15-18 : 3 or Δ8,12,15-18 : 3 was detected. Enrichment inn+2 isotopomers of 18 : 2 products indicated that ALA metabolism continued via the reduction of 18 : 3 intermediates. Isomers of Δ9,11,15-18 : 3 were reduced to Δ11,15-18 : 2 labelled at C-9 and C-13. ALA resulted in the formation of Δ11,13-18 : 2 and Δ12,14-18 : 2 containing multiple2H labels. Enrichment of then+3 isotopomer of Δ12,15-18 : 2 was also detected. Metabolism of ALA during incubations with rumen contents occurs by one of three distinct pathways. Formation of Δ9,11,15-18 : 3 appears to be initiated by H abstraction on C-13. Octadecatrienoic intermediates containingcis-12 andcis-15 double bonds are formed without an apparent H exchange with water. Labelling of Δ9,11,13-18 : 3 was inconclusive, suggesting formation by an alternative mechanism. These findings explain the appearance of several bioactive fatty acids in muscle and milk that influence the nutritional value of ruminant-derived foods.
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41
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Mikelsaar M, Sepp E, Štšepetova J, Songisepp E, Mändar R. Biodiversity of Intestinal Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Healthy Population. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 932:1-64. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Fibinger MPC, Freiherr von Saß GJ, Herrfurth C, Feussner I, Bornscheuer UT. A directed mutational approach demonstrates that a putative linoleate isomerase from
Lactobacillus acidophilus
does not hydrate or isomerize linoleic acid. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. C. Fibinger
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of BiochemistryGreifswald UniversityGreifswaldGermany
| | - G. Johannes Freiherr von Saß
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of BiochemistryGreifswald UniversityGreifswaldGermany
- Department for Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht‐von‐Haller‐Institute for Plant SciencesGeorg‐August‐UniversityGöttingenGermany
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Department for Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht‐von‐Haller‐Institute for Plant SciencesGeorg‐August‐UniversityGöttingenGermany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department for Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht‐von‐Haller‐Institute for Plant SciencesGeorg‐August‐UniversityGöttingenGermany
- Department for Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB)Georg‐August‐UniversityGöttingenGermany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of BiochemistryGreifswald UniversityGreifswaldGermany
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Vlaeminck B, Khattab W, Fievez V. Is ruminal trans-11-18:1 accumulation a prerequisite for trans-10-18:1 production? ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/an14331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding ruminal biohydrogenation of linoleic and linolenic acid is important in relation to physiological responses in the animal and the fatty acid profile of ruminant meat and milk. Alterations in ruminal biohydrogenation pathways leading to an increased formation of trans-10-18:1 are known to occur with high-concentrate diets and marine supplements. We hypothesised that accumulation of trans-11-18:1 is a prerequisite for trans-10-18:1 production. To evaluate this hypothesis, a batch-culture method, using rumen fluid from wethers, was used which consisted of two periods. Period 1 (10 h) was used to induce changes in trans-11-18:1 accumulation using a 2 × 2 factorial design, with 18:2n-6 (0 vs 6.40 mg) and 22:6n-3 (0 vs 2.50 mg) replicated with three substrates (starch, glucose or cellobiose). As planned, the addition of 18:2n-6 in combination with 22:6n-3 resulted in greater accumulation of trans-11-18:1 than did the other treatments (2.73 ± 0.125 vs 0.37 ± 0.157 mg/flask). After P1, 18:2n-6 (3.20 mg) was added to all flasks and after 14 h of incubation, formation of trans-10-18:1 and trans-11-18:1 was evaluated. The apparent production of both trans-10-18:1 (0.057 vs 0.812 mg/flask) and trans-11-18:1 (–0.013 vs 1.100 mg/flask) for cultures receiving 22:6n-3 in P1 was greater independent of 18:2n-6 addition in P1 (P > 0.10). This lack of a significant interaction suggests that trans-11-18:1 accumulation was not a major factor explaining trans-10-18:1 production under the studied conditions.
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Shapiro H, Thaiss CA, Levy M, Elinav E. The cross talk between microbiota and the immune system: metabolites take center stage. Curr Opin Immunol 2014; 30:54-62. [PMID: 25064714 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human meta-organism consists of more than 90% of microbial cells. The gastrointestinal tract harbors trillions of commensal microorganisms that influence the development and homeostasis of the host. Alterations in composition and function of the microbiota, termed dysbiosis, have been implicated in a multitude of metabolic and inflammatory diseases in humans. Thus, understanding the molecular underpinnings the cross talk between commensal bacteria and their host during homeostasis and dysbiosis may hold the key to understanding many idiopathic diseases. While most attention has focused on the innate recognition of immune-stimulatory bacterial molecules, such as cell wall components and nucleic acids, we emphasize here the impact of diet-dependent microbial metabolites on the development and function of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Shapiro
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Christoph A Thaiss
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maayan Levy
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Carta G, Murru E, Cordeddu L, Ortiz B, Giordano E, Belury MA, Quadro L, Banni S. Metabolic interactions between vitamin A and conjugated linoleic acid. Nutrients 2014; 6:1262-72. [PMID: 24667133 PMCID: PMC3967192 DOI: 10.3390/nu6031262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-soluble molecules share several aspects of their physiology due to their common adaptations to a hydrophilic environment, and may interact to regulate their action in a tissue-specific manner. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a fatty acid with a conjugated diene structure that is found in low concentrations in ruminant products and available as a nutritional supplement. CLA has been shown to increase tissue levels of retinol (vitamin A alcohol) and its sole specific circulating carrier protein retinol-binding protein (RBP or RBP4). However, the precise mechanism of this action has not been elucidated yet. Here, we provide a summary of the current knowledge in this specific area of research and speculate that retinol and CLA may compete for catabolic pathways modulated by the activity of PPAR-α and RXR heterodimer. We also present preliminary data that may position PPAR-α at the crossroads between the metabolism of lipids and vitamin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.S. 554, km. 4500, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.S. 554, km. 4500, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy.
| | - Lina Cordeddu
- Department of Bioscience and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 141 83, Sweden.
| | - Berenice Ortiz
- Gerstner Sloan-Kettering Graduate School in Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Elena Giordano
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - Martha A Belury
- Department of Human Nutrition, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Loredana Quadro
- Department of Food Science and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.S. 554, km. 4500, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy.
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Cakmak YO, Ergelen R, Ekinci G, Kaspar EC. The short appendix vermiformis as a risk factor for colorectal cancer. Clin Anat 2014; 27:498-502. [PMID: 24497155 DOI: 10.1002/ca.22375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The human appendix vermiformis is regarded as an evolutionarily vestigial organ, although it has presumptive immune system functions and appears to support beneficial bacterial gut flora, both of which could influence cancer progression. A review of the comparative anatomy of the mammalian appendix reveals a significantly longer appendix in herbivores than in carnivorous animals. The lengthier appendix vermiformis in herbivores has been associated with the presence of cellulose-digesting bacteria that colonize the structure. In light of recent studies that have reported the digestion of small amounts of cellulose in humans and the preventive effects of a vegetarian diet on colon cancer, we conducted a retrospective study of abdominal CT scans of 60 colon cancer patients and 60 healthy people to investigate a possible relationship between colon cancer and appendix vermiformis length. The mean length of the appendix in cancer patients [65.178 mm ± 13.46 (SD)] was shorter than that in the healthy control group [101.99 mm ± 16.58 (SD)] and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Statistical analysis demonstrated that the ages of the cancer patient group and the control group did not differ significantly (P = 0.534). The results of the present study indicate that the appendix is not merely a vestigial structure or regressed lymphoid tissue, but rather an organ that could be critical in the development of colon cancer, whether as a result of congenital or acquired appendicular factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Ozgur Cakmak
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Koc University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
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Druart C, Dewulf EM, Cani PD, Neyrinck AM, Thissen JP, Delzenne NM. Gut microbial metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids correlate with specific fecal bacteria and serum markers of metabolic syndrome in obese women. Lipids 2014; 49:397-402. [PMID: 24473752 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3881-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this human study was to assess the influence of prebiotic-induced gut microbiota modulation on PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites production. Therefore, we analyzed the circulating fatty acid profile including CLA/CLnA in obese women treated during 3 months with inulin-type fructan prebiotics. In these patients, we had already determined gut microbiota composition by phylogenetic microarray and qPCR analysis of 16S rDNA. Some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites were detected in the serum of obese patients. Despite the prebiotic-induced modulation of gut microbiota, including changes in CLA/CLnA-producing bacteria, the treatment did not impact significantly on the circulating level of these metabolites. However, some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites were positively correlated with specific fecal bacteria (Bifidobacterium spp., Eubacterium ventriosum and Lactobacillus spp.) and inversely correlated with serum cholesterol (total, LDL, HDL). These correlations suggest a potential beneficial effect of some of these metabolites but this remains to be confirmed by further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Druart
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, PO box B1.73.11, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
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48
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Fecal sample preparation methods for gas chromatography analysis of fatty acids of ruminants fed different amounts of rumen protected conjugated linoleic acids (CLA). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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49
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Implication of fermentable carbohydrates targeting the gut microbiota on conjugated linoleic acid production in high-fat-fed mice. Br J Nutr 2013; 110:998-1011. [PMID: 23507010 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In vitro experiments have shown that isolated human gut bacteria are able to metabolise PUFA into conjugated PUFA like conjugated linoleic acids (CLA). The hypothesis of the present paper was that high-fat (HF) diet feeding and supplementation with fermentable carbohydrates that have prebiotic properties modulate the in vivo production of CLA by the mouse gut microbiota. Mice were treated for 4 weeks as follows: control (CT) groups were fed a standard diet; HF groups were fed a HF diet rich in linoleic acid (18 : 2n-6); the third groups were fed with the HF diet supplemented with either inulin-type fructans (HF-ITF) or arabinoxylans (HF-Ax). HF diet feeding increased rumenic acid (cis-9,trans-11-18 : 2 CLA) content both in the caecal and liver tissues compared with the CT groups. ITF supplementation had no major effect compared with the HF diet whereas Ax supplementation increased further rumenic acid (cis-9,trans-11-18 : 2 CLA) in the caecal tissue. These differences between both prebiotics may be linked to the high fat-binding capacity of Ax that provides more substrates for bacterial metabolism and to differential modulation of the gut microbiota (specific increase in Roseburia spp. in HF-Ax v. HF). In conclusion, these experiments supply the proof of concept that the mouse gut microbiota produces CLA in vivo, with consequences on the level of CLA in the caecal and liver tissues. We postulate that the CLA-producing bacteria could be a mediator to consider in the metabolic effects of both HF diet feeding and prebiotic supplementation.
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Lahti L, Salonen A, Kekkonen RA, Salojärvi J, Jalanka-Tuovinen J, Palva A, Orešič M, de Vos WM. Associations between the human intestinal microbiota, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and serum lipids indicated by integrated analysis of high-throughput profiling data. PeerJ 2013; 1:e32. [PMID: 23638368 PMCID: PMC3628737 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the intestinal microbiota regulates our physiology and metabolism. Bacteria marketed as probiotics confer health benefits that may arise from their ability to affect the microbiota. Here high-throughput screening of the intestinal microbiota was carried out and integrated with serum lipidomic profiling data to study the impact of probiotic intervention on the intestinal ecosystem, and to explore the associations between the intestinal bacteria and serum lipids. We performed a comprehensive intestinal microbiota analysis using a phylogenetic microarray before and after Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG intervention. While a specific increase in the L. rhamnosus-related bacteria was observed during the intervention, no other changes in the composition or stability of the microbiota were detected. After the intervention, lactobacilli returned to their initial levels. As previously reported, also the serum lipid profiles remained unaltered during the intervention. Based on a high-resolution microbiota analysis, intake of L. rhamnosus GG did not modify the composition of the intestinal ecosystem in healthy adults, indicating that probiotics confer their health effects by other mechanisms. The most prevailing association between the gut microbiota and lipid profiles was a strong positive correlation between uncultured phylotypes of Ruminococcus gnavus-group and polyunsaturated serum triglycerides of dietary origin. Moreover, a positive correlation was detected between serum cholesterol and Collinsella (Coriobacteriaceae). These associations identified with the spectrometric lipidome profiling were corroborated by enzymatically determined cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Actinomycetaceae correlated negatively with triglycerides of highly unsaturated fatty acids while a set of Proteobacteria showed negative correlation with ether phosphatidylcholines. Our results suggest that several members of the Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria may be involved in the metabolism of dietary and endogenous lipids, and provide a scientific rationale for further human studies to explore the role of intestinal microbes in host lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Lahti
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Anne Salonen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jarkko Salojärvi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Airi Palva
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matej Orešič
- Quantitative Biology and Bioinformatics, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
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