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Koberska M, Vesela L, Vimberg V, Lenart J, Vesela J, Kamenik Z, Janata J, Balikova Novotna G. Beyond Self-Resistance: ABCF ATPase LmrC Is a Signal-Transducing Component of an Antibiotic-Driven Signaling Cascade Accelerating the Onset of Lincomycin Biosynthesis. mBio 2021; 12:e0173121. [PMID: 34488446 PMCID: PMC8546547 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01731-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In natural environments, antibiotics are important means of interspecies competition. At subinhibitory concentrations, they act as cues or signals inducing antibiotic production; however, our knowledge of well-documented antibiotic-based sensing systems is limited. Here, for the soil actinobacterium Streptomyces lincolnensis, we describe a fundamentally new ribosome-mediated signaling cascade that accelerates the onset of lincomycin production in response to an external ribosome-targeting antibiotic to synchronize antibiotic production within the population. The entire cascade is encoded in the lincomycin biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) and consists of three lincomycin resistance proteins in addition to the transcriptional regulator LmbU: a lincomycin transporter (LmrA), a 23S rRNA methyltransferase (LmrB), both of which confer high resistance, and an ATP-binding cassette family F (ABCF) ATPase, LmrC, which confers only moderate resistance but is essential for antibiotic-induced signal transduction. Specifically, antibiotic sensing occurs via ribosome-mediated attenuation, which activates LmrC production in response to lincosamide, streptogramin A, or pleuromutilin antibiotics. Then, ATPase activity of the ribosome-associated LmrC triggers the transcription of lmbU and consequently the expression of lincomycin BGC. Finally, the production of LmrC is downregulated by LmrA and LmrB, which reduces the amount of ribosome-bound antibiotic and thus fine-tunes the cascade. We propose that analogous ABCF-mediated signaling systems are relatively common because many ribosome-targeting antibiotic BGCs encode an ABCF protein accompanied by additional resistance protein(s) and transcriptional regulators. Moreover, we revealed that three of the eight coproduced ABCF proteins of S. lincolnensis are clindamycin responsive, suggesting that the ABCF-mediated antibiotic signaling may be a widely utilized tool for chemical communication. IMPORTANCE Resistance proteins are perceived as mechanisms protecting bacteria from the inhibitory effect of their produced antibiotics or antibiotics from competitors. Here, we report that antibiotic resistance proteins regulate lincomycin biosynthesis in response to subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics. In particular, we show the dual character of the ABCF ATPase LmrC, which confers antibiotic resistance and simultaneously transduces a signal from ribosome-bound antibiotics to gene expression, where the 5' untranslated sequence upstream of its encoding gene functions as a primary antibiotic sensor. ABCF-mediated antibiotic signaling can in principle function not only in the induction of antibiotic biosynthesis but also in selective gene expression in response to any small molecules targeting the 50S ribosomal subunit, including clinically important antibiotics, to mediate intercellular antibiotic signaling and stress response induction. Moreover, the resistance-regulatory function of LmrC presented here for the first time unifies functionally inconsistent ABCF family members involving antibiotic resistance proteins and translational regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Koberska
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Vesela
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Vimberg
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Lenart
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Vesela
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Kamenik
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Janata
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Transcriptional regulation of congocidine (netropsin) biosynthesis and resistance. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0138021. [PMID: 34586912 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01380-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of specialized metabolites by Streptomyces bacteria is usually temporally regulated. This regulation is complex and frequently involves both global and pathway-specific mechanisms. Streptomyces ambofaciens ATCC23877 produces several specialized metabolites, including spiramycins, stambomycins, kinamycins and congocidine. The production of the first three molecules has been shown to be controlled by one or several cluster-situated transcriptional regulators. However, nothing is known regarding the regulation of congocidine biosynthesis. Congocidine (netropsin) belongs to the family of pyrrolamide metabolites, which also includes distamycin and anthelvencins. Most pyrrolamides bind into the minor groove of DNA, specifically in A/T-rich regions, which gives them numerous biological activities, such as antimicrobial and antitumoral activities. We previously reported the characterization of the pyrrolamide biosynthetic gene clusters of congocidine (cgc) in S. ambofaciens ATCC23877, distamycin (dst) in Streptomyces netropsis DSM40846 and anthelvencins (ant) in Streptomyces venezuelae ATCC14583. The three gene clusters contain a gene encoding a putative transcriptional regulator, cgc1, dst1 and ant1 respectively. Cgc1, Dst1 and Ant1 present a high percentage of amino acid sequence similarity. We demonstrate here that Cgc1, an atypical orphan response regulator, activates the transcription of all cgc genes in the stationary phase of S. ambofaciens growth. We also show that the cgc cluster is constituted of eight main transcriptional units. Finally, we show that congocidine induces the expression of the transcriptional regulator Cgc1 and of the operon containing the resistance genes (cgc20 and cgc21, coding for an ABC transporter), and propose a model for the transcriptional regulation of the cgc gene cluster. Importance Understanding the mechanisms of regulation of specialized metabolite production can have important implications both at the level of specialized metabolism study (expression of silent gene clusters) and the biotechnological level (increase of the production of a metabolite of interest). We report here a study on the regulation of the biosynthesis of a metabolite from the pyrrolamide family, congocidine. We show that congocidine biosynthesis and resistance is controlled by Cgc1, a cluster-situated regulator. As the gene clusters directing the biosynthesis of the pyrrolamides distamycin and anthelvencin encode a homolog of Cgc1, our findings may be relevant for the biosynthesis of other pyrrolamides. In addition, our results reveal a new type of feed-forward induction mechanism, in which congocidine induces its own biosynthesis through the induction of the transcription of cgc1.
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Lin CY, Pang AP, Zhang Y, Qiao J, Zhao GR. Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals the significant pleiotropic regulatory effects of LmbU on lincomycin biosynthesis. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:30. [PMID: 32050973 PMCID: PMC7014725 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lincomycin, produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis, is a lincosamide antibiotic and widely used for the treatment of the infective diseases caused by Gram-positive bacteria. The mechanisms of lincomycin biosynthesis have been deeply explored in recent years. However, the regulatory effects of LmbU that is a transcriptional regulator in lincomycin biosynthetic (lmb) gene cluster have not been fully addressed. Results LmbU was used to search for homologous LmbU (LmbU-like) proteins in the genomes of actinobacteria, and the results showed that LmbU-like proteins are highly distributed regulators in the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) of secondary metabolites or/and out of the BGCs in actinomycetes. The overexpression, inactivation and complementation of the lmbU gene indicated that LmbU positively controls lincomycin biosynthesis in S. lincolnensis. Comparative transcriptomic analysis further revealed that LmbU activates the 28 lmb genes at whole lmb cluster manner. Furthermore, LmbU represses the transcription of the non-lmb gene hpdA in the biosynthesis of l-tyrosine, the precursor of lincomycin. LmbU up-regulates nineteen non-lmb genes, which would be involved in multi-drug flux to self-resistance, nitrate and sugar transmembrane transport and utilization, and redox metabolisms. Conclusions LmbU is a significant pleiotropic transcriptional regulator in lincomycin biosynthesis by entirely activating the lmb cluster and regulating the non-lmb genes in Streptomyces lincolnensis. Our results first revealed the pleiotropic regulatory function of LmbU, and shed new light on the transcriptional effects of LmbU-like family proteins on antibiotic biosynthesis in actinomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Lin
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ai-Ping Pang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Guang-Rong Zhao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China. .,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Crnovčić I, Rückert C, Semsary S, Lang M, Kalinowski J, Keller U. Genetic interrelations in the actinomycin biosynthetic gene clusters of Streptomyces antibioticus IMRU 3720 and Streptomyces chrysomallus ATCC11523, producers of actinomycin X and actinomycin C. Adv Appl Bioinform Chem 2017; 10:29-46. [PMID: 28435299 PMCID: PMC5391158 DOI: 10.2147/aabc.s117707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequencing the actinomycin (acm) biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces antibioticus IMRU 3720, which produces actinomycin X (Acm X), revealed 20 genes organized into a highly similar framework as in the bi-armed acm C biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces chrysomallus but without an attached additional extra arm of orthologues as in the latter. Curiously, the extra arm of the S. chrysomallus gene cluster turned out to perfectly match the single arm of the S. antibioticus gene cluster in the same order of orthologues including the the presence of two pseudogenes, scacmM and scacmN, encoding a cytochrome P450 and its ferredoxin, respectively. Orthologues of the latter genes were both missing in the principal arm of the S. chrysomallus acm C gene cluster. All orthologues of the extra arm showed a G +C-contents different from that of their counterparts in the principal arm. Moreover, the similarities of translation products from the extra arm were all higher to the corresponding translation products of orthologue genes from the S. antibioticus acm X gene cluster than to those encoded by the principal arm of their own gene cluster. This suggests that the duplicated structure of the S. chrysomallus acm C biosynthetic gene cluster evolved from previous fusion between two one-armed acm gene clusters each from a different genetic background. However, while scacmM and scacmN in the extra arm of the S. chrysomallus acm C gene cluster are mutated and therefore are non-functional, their orthologues saacmM and saacmN in the S. antibioticus acm C gene cluster show no defects seemingly encoding active enzymes with functions specific for Acm X biosynthesis. Both acm biosynthetic gene clusters lack a kynurenine-3-monooxygenase gene necessary for biosynthesis of 3-hydroxy-4-methylanthranilic acid, the building block of the Acm chromophore, which suggests participation of a genome-encoded relevant monooxygenase during Acm biosynthesis in both S. chrysomallus and S. antibioticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Crnovčić
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin-Charlottenburg
| | - Christian Rückert
- Technology Platform Genomics, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Siamak Semsary
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin-Charlottenburg
| | - Manuel Lang
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin-Charlottenburg
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Technology Platform Genomics, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ullrich Keller
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin-Charlottenburg
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Gutmann A, Schiller M, Gruber-Khadjawi M, Nidetzky B. An ortho C-methylation/O-glycosylation motif on a hydroxy-coumarin scaffold, selectively installed by biocatalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:7917-7924. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01513e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To achieve near quantitative dual modification of the hydroxy-coumarin scaffold, the C-methylation had to occur strictly before the O-glucosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gutmann
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering
- Graz University of Technology
- NAWI Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Margaretha Schiller
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering
- Graz University of Technology
- NAWI Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Mandana Gruber-Khadjawi
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Graz University of Technology
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering
- Graz University of Technology
- NAWI Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
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DNA affinity capturing identifies new regulators of the heterologously expressed novobiocin gene cluster in Streptomyces coelicolor M512. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:4495-509. [PMID: 26795961 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the regulation of a heterologously expressed gene cluster in a host organism is crucial for activation of silent gene clusters or overproduction of the corresponding natural product. In this study, Streptomyces coelicolor M512(nov-BG1) containing the novobiocin biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces niveus NCIMB 11891 was chosen as a model. An improved DNA affinity capturing assay (DACA), combined with semi-quantitative mass spectrometry, was used to identify proteins binding to the promoter regions of the novobiocin gene cluster. Altogether, 2475 proteins were identified in DACA studies with the promoter regions of the pathway-specific regulators novE (PnovE) and novG (PnovG), of the biosynthetic genes novH-W (PnovH) and of the vegetative σ-factor hrdB (PhrdB) as a negative control. A restrictive classification for specific binding reduced this number to 17 proteins. Twelve of them were captured by PnovH, among them, NovG, two were captured by PnovE, and three by PnovG. Unexpectedly some well-known regulatory proteins, such as the global regulators NdgR, AdpA, SlbR, and WhiA were captured in similar intensities by all four tested promoter regions. Of the 17 promoter-specific proteins, three were studied in more detail by deletion mutagenesis and by overexpression. Two of them, BxlRSc and BxlR2Sc, could be identified as positive regulators of novobiocin production in S. coelicolor M512. Deletion of a third gene, sco0460, resulted in reduced novobiocin production, while overexpression had no effect. Furthermore, binding of BxlRSc to PnovH and to its own promoter region was confirmed via surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy.
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Myronovskyi M, Luzhetskyy A. Native and engineered promoters in natural product discovery. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:1006-19. [DOI: 10.1039/c6np00002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional activation of biosynthetic gene clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Myronovskyi
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
| | - Andriy Luzhetskyy
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Saarland University
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Wolański M, Łebkowski T, Kois-Ostrowska A, Zettler J, Apel AK, Jakimowicz D, Zakrzewska-Czerwińska J. Two transcription factors, CabA and CabR, are independently involved in multilevel regulation of the biosynthetic gene cluster encoding the novel aminocoumarin, cacibiocin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:3147-64. [PMID: 26637421 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aminocoumarins are potent antibiotics belonging to a relatively small group of secondary metabolites produced by actinomycetes. Genome mining of Catenulispora acidiphila has recently led to the discovery of a gene cluster responsible for biosynthesis of novel aminocoumarins, cacibiocins. However, regulation of the expression of this novel gene cluster has not yet been analyzed. In this study, we identify transcriptional regulators of the cacibiocin gene cluster. Using a heterologous expression system, we show that the CabA and CabR proteins encoded by cabA and cabR genes in the cacibiocin gene cluster control the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis, modification, regulation, and potentially, efflux/resistance of cacibiocins. CabA positively regulates the expression of cabH (the first gene in the cabHIYJKL operon) and cabhal genes encoding key enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis and halogenation of the aminocoumarin moiety, respectively. We provide evidence that CabA is a direct inducer of cacibiocin production, whereas the second transcriptional factor, CabR, is involved in the negative regulation of its own gene and cabT-the latter of which encodes a putative cacibiocin transporter. We also demonstrate that CabR activity is negatively regulated in vitro by aminocoumarin compounds, suggesting the existence of analogous regulation in vivo. Finally, we propose a model of multilevel regulation of gene transcription in the cacibiocin gene cluster by CabA and CabR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wolański
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Joliot-Curie 14A, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Łebkowski
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Joliot-Curie 14A, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Judith Zettler
- Pharmazeutische Biologie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander K Apel
- Pharmazeutische Biologie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dagmara Jakimowicz
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Joliot-Curie 14A, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.,Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jolanta Zakrzewska-Czerwińska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Joliot-Curie 14A, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.,Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
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Mak S, Xu Y, Nodwell JR. The expression of antibiotic resistance genes in antibiotic-producing bacteria. Mol Microbiol 2014; 93:391-402. [PMID: 24964724 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic-producing bacteria encode antibiotic resistance genes that protect them from the biologically active molecules that they produce. The expression of these genes needs to occur in a timely manner: either in advance of or concomitantly with biosynthesis. It appears that there have been at least two general solutions to this problem. In many cases, the expression of resistance genes is tightly linked to that of antibiotic biosynthetic genes. In others, the resistance genes can be induced by their cognate antibiotics or by intermediate molecules from their biosynthetic pathways. The regulatory mechanisms that couple resistance to antibiotic biosynthesis are mechanistically diverse and potentially relevant to the origins of clinical antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Mak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8
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Jones AC, Gust B, Kulik A, Heide L, Buttner MJ, Bibb MJ. Phage p1-derived artificial chromosomes facilitate heterologous expression of the FK506 gene cluster. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69319. [PMID: 23874942 PMCID: PMC3708917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a procedure for the conjugative transfer of phage P1-derived Artificial Chromosome (PAC) library clones containing large natural product gene clusters (≥70 kilobases) to Streptomyces coelicolor strains that have been engineered for improved heterologous production of natural products. This approach is demonstrated using the gene cluster for FK506 (tacrolimus), a clinically important immunosuppressant of high commercial value. The entire 83.5 kb FK506 gene cluster from Streptomyces tsukubaensis NRRL 18488 present in one 130 kb PAC clone was introduced into four different S. coelicolor derivatives and all produced FK506 and smaller amounts of the related compound FK520. FK506 yields were increased by approximately five-fold (from 1.2 mg L-1 to 5.5 mg L-1) in S. coelicolor M1146 containing the FK506 PAC upon over-expression of the FK506 LuxR regulatory gene fkbN. The PAC-based gene cluster conjugation methodology described here provides a tractable means to evaluate and manipulate FK506 biosynthesis and is readily applicable to other large gene clusters encoding natural products of interest to medicine, agriculture and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C. Jones
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bertolt Gust
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kulik
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Heide
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mark J. Buttner
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (M. Buttner); (M. Bibb)
| | - Mervyn J. Bibb
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (M. Buttner); (M. Bibb)
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Boll B, Hennig S, Xie C, Sohng JK, Heide L. Adenylate-Forming Enzymes of Rubradirin Biosynthesis: RubC1 Is a Bifunctional Enzyme with Aminocoumarin Acyl Ligase and Tyrosine-Activating Domains. Chembiochem 2011; 12:1105-14. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Boll
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Universität Tübingen, Germany
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Flinspach K, Westrich L, Kaysser L, Siebenberg S, Gomez-Escribano JP, Bibb M, Gust B, Heide L. Heterologous expression of the biosynthetic gene clusters of coumermycin A1, clorobiocin and caprazamycins in genetically modified Streptomyces coelicolor strains. Biopolymers 2010; 93:823-32. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.21493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Use of an inducible promoter for antibiotic production in a heterologous host. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:261-9. [PMID: 20127238 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Revised: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthetic gene cluster of the aminocoumarin antibiotic novobiocin comprises 20 coding sequences. Sixteen of them code for essential enzymes for novobiocin formation, transcribed in the form of a single 18-kb polycistronic mRNA. In the present study, we replaced the genuine promoter of this operon by the tetracycline-inducible promoter tcp830 and at the same time deleting the two pathway-specific positive regulator genes of novobiocin biosynthesis. The heterologous producer Streptomyces coelicolor M512 harboring the modified gene cluster produced, upon addition of 2 mg L(-1) of the inducer compound anhydrotetracyline, 3.4-fold more novobiocin than strains carrying the unmodified cluster. A second tcp830 promoter was inserted in the middle of the 18-kb operon in order to ensure adequate transcription of the rearmost genes. However, this did not lead to a further increase of novobiocin formation, showing that a single tcp830 promoter was sufficient to achieve high transcription of all 16 genes of the operon. A high induction of novobiocin formation was achieved within a wide range of anhydrotetracyline concentrations (0.25-2.0 mg L(-1)). Growth of the strains was not affected by these concentrations. The inducer compound could be added either at the time of inoculation or at any other time up to mid-growth phase, always achieving a similar final antibiotic production. Therefore, the tcp830 promoter presents a robust, easy-to-use system for the inducible expression of biosynthetic gene clusters in heterologous hosts, independent from the genuine regulatory network.
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