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Rikard SM, Athey TL, Nelson AR, Christiansen SLM, Lee JJ, Holmes JW, Peirce SM, Saucerman JJ. Multiscale Coupling of an Agent-Based Model of Tissue Fibrosis and a Logic-Based Model of Intracellular Signaling. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1481. [PMID: 31920691 PMCID: PMC6928129 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing and fibrosis following myocardial infarction (MI) is a dynamic process involving many cell types, extracellular matrix (ECM), and inflammatory cues. As both incidence and survival rates for MI increase, management of post-MI recovery and associated complications are an increasingly important focus. Complexity of the wound healing process and the need for improved therapeutics necessitate a better understanding of the biochemical cues that drive fibrosis. To study the progression of cardiac fibrosis across spatial and temporal scales, we developed a novel hybrid multiscale model that couples a logic-based differential equation (LDE) model of the fibroblast intracellular signaling network with an agent-based model (ABM) of multi-cellular tissue remodeling. The ABM computes information about cytokine and growth factor levels in the environment including TGFβ, TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6, which are passed as inputs to the LDE model. The LDE model then computes the network signaling state of individual cardiac fibroblasts within the ABM. Based on the current network state, fibroblasts make decisions regarding cytokine secretion and deposition and degradation of collagen. Simulated fibroblasts respond dynamically to rapidly changing extracellular environments and contribute to spatial heterogeneity in model predicted fibrosis, which is governed by many parameters including cell density, cell migration speeds, and cytokine levels. Verification tests confirmed that predictions of the coupled model and network model alone were consistent in response to constant cytokine inputs and furthermore, a subset of coupled model predictions were validated with in vitro experiments with human cardiac fibroblasts. This multiscale framework for cardiac fibrosis will allow for systematic screening of the effects of molecular perturbations in fibroblast signaling on tissue-scale extracellular matrix composition and organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Michaela Rikard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Thomas L Athey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anders R Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Steven L M Christiansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jia-Jye Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Holmes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Shayn M Peirce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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2
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Arakawa S, Suzukawa M, Watanabe K, Kobayashi K, Matsui H, Nagai H, Nagase T, Ohta K. Secretory immunoglobulin A induces human lung fibroblasts to produce inflammatory cytokines and undergo activation. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 195:287-301. [PMID: 30570135 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig)A is the most abundant immunoglobulin in humans, and in the airway mucosa secretory IgA (sIgA) plays a pivotal role in first-line defense against invading pathogens and antigens. IgA has been reported to also have pathogenic effects, including possible worsening of the prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the precise effects of IgA on lung fibroblasts remain unclear, and we aimed to elucidate how IgA activates human lung fibroblasts. We found that sIgA, but not monomeric IgA (mIgA), induced interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production by normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLFs) at both the protein and mRNA levels. sIgA also promoted proliferation of NHLFs and collagen gel contraction comparable to with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, which is involved in fibrogenesis in IPF. Also, Western blot analysis and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that sIgA enhanced production of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type I (Col I) by NHLFs. Flow cytometry showed that NHLFs bound sIgA, and among the known IgA receptors, NHLFs significantly expressed CD71 (transferrin receptor). Transfection of siRNA targeting CD71 partially but significantly suppressed cytokine production by NHLFs co-cultured with sIgA. Our findings suggest that sIgA may promote human lung inflammation and fibrosis by enhancing production of inflammatory or fibrogenic cytokines as well as extracellular matrix, inducing fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts and promoting human lung fibroblast proliferation. sIgA's enhancement of cytokine production may be due partially to its binding to CD71 or the secretory component.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arakawa
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Suzukawa
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Watanabe
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Kobayashi
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Matsui
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Nagai
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Ohta
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Eisenhardt M, Schlupp P, Höfer F, Schmidts T, Hoffmann D, Czermak P, Pöppel AK, Vilcinskas A, Runkel F. The therapeutic potential of the insect metalloproteinase inhibitor against infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 71:316-328. [PMID: 30408181 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of the insect metalloproteinase inhibitor (IMPI) from Galleria mellonella, the only known specific inhibitor of M4 metalloproteinases. METHODS The fusion protein IMPI-GST (glutathione-S-transferase) was produced by fermentation in Escherichia coli and was tested for its ability to inhibit the proteolytic activity of the M4 metalloproteinases thermolysin and Pseudomonas elastase (PE), the latter a key virulence factor of the wound-associated and antibiotic-resistant pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We also tested the ability of IMPI to inhibit the secretome (Sec) of a P. aeruginosa strain obtained from a wound. KEY FINDINGS We found that IMPI-GST inhibited thermolysin and PE in vitro and increased the viability of human keratinocytes exposed to Sec by inhibiting detachment caused by changes in cytoskeletal morphology. IMPI-GST also improved the cell migration rate in an in vitro wound assay and reduced the severity of necrosis caused by Sec in an ex vivo porcine wound model. CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of virulence factors is a novel therapeutic approach against antibiotic resistant bacteria. Our results indicate that IMPI is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Eisenhardt
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peggy Schlupp
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank Höfer
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidts
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniel Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Czermak
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Bio-Resources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Pöppel
- Department of Bio-Resources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Department of Bio-Resources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank Runkel
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
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Sampedro I, Kato J, Hill JE. Elastin degradation product isodesmosine is a chemoattractant for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2015; 161:1496-503. [PMID: 25855762 PMCID: PMC10727130 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 is chemotactic towards proteinogenic amino acids, however, the chemotaxis response of this strain towards non-proteinogenic amino acids and the specific chemoreceptors involved in this response are essentially unknown. In this study, we analysed the chemotactic response of PAO1 towards two degradation products of elastin, the lysine-rich, non-proteinogenic amino acids, desmosine and isodesmosine. We observed that isodesmosine, a potential biomarker for different diseases, served as a chemoattractant for PAO1. A screen of 251methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins mutants of PAO1 identified PctA as the chemoreceptor for isodesmosine. We also showed that the positive chemotactic response to isodesmosine is potentially common by demonstrating chemoattraction in 12 of 15 diverse (in terms of source of isolation) clinical isolates, suggesting that the chemotactic response to this non-proteinogenic amino acid might be a conserved feature of acute infection isolates and thus could influence the colonization of potential infection sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Sampedro
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Junichi Kato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Jane E. Hill
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
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LaFayette SL, Houle D, Beaudoin T, Wojewodka G, Radzioch D, Hoffman LR, Burns JL, Dandekar AA, Smalley NE, Chandler JR, Zlosnik JE, Speert DP, Bernier J, Matouk E, Brochiero E, Rousseau S, Nguyen D. Cystic fibrosis-adapted Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing lasR mutants cause hyperinflammatory responses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1500199. [PMID: 26457326 PMCID: PMC4597794 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis lung disease is characterized by chronic airway infections with the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and severe neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation. P. aeruginosa undergoes extensive genetic adaptation to the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung environment, and adaptive mutations in the quorum sensing regulator gene lasR commonly arise. We sought to define how mutations in lasR alter host-pathogen relationships. We demonstrate that lasR mutants induce exaggerated host inflammatory responses in respiratory epithelial cells, with increased accumulation of proinflammatory cytokines and neutrophil recruitment due to the loss of bacterial protease- dependent cytokine degradation. In subacute pulmonary infections, lasR mutant-infected mice show greater neutrophilic inflammation and immunopathology compared with wild-type infections. Finally, we observed that CF patients infected with lasR mutants have increased plasma interleukin-8 (IL-8), a marker of inflammation. These findings suggest that bacterial adaptive changes may worsen pulmonary inflammation and directly contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of chronic lung disease in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantelle L. LaFayette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Daniel Houle
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Trevor Beaudoin
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Gabriella Wojewodka
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Danuta Radzioch
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Lucas R. Hoffman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jane L. Burns
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ajai A. Dandekar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nicole E. Smalley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - James E. Zlosnik
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - David P. Speert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Joanie Bernier
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Elias Matouk
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Brochiero
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Simon Rousseau
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Dao Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
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Bagdonas E, Raudoniute J, Bruzauskaite I, Aldonyte R. Novel aspects of pathogenesis and regeneration mechanisms in COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2015; 10:995-1013. [PMID: 26082624 PMCID: PMC4459624 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s82518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a major cause of death and morbidity worldwide, is characterized by expiratory airflow limitation that is not fully reversible, deregulated chronic inflammation, and emphysematous destruction of the lungs. Despite the fact that COPD is a steadily growing global healthcare problem, the conventional therapies remain palliative, and regenerative approaches for disease management are not available yet. We aim to provide an overview of key reviews, experimental, and clinical studies addressing lung emphysema development and repair mechanisms published in the past decade. Novel aspects discussed herein include integral revision of the literature focused on lung microflora changes in COPD, autoimmune component of the disease, and environmental risk factors other than cigarette smoke. The time span of studies on COPD, including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthmatic bronchitis, covers almost 200 years, and several crucial mechanisms of COPD pathogenesis are described and studied. However, we still lack the holistic understanding of COPD development and the exact picture of the time-course and interplay of the events during stable, exacerbated, corticosteroid-treated COPD states, and transitions in-between. Several generally recognized mechanisms will be discussed shortly herein, ie, unregulated inflammation, proteolysis/antiproteolysis imbalance, and destroyed repair mechanisms, while novel topics such as deviated microbiota, air pollutants-related damage, and autoimmune process within the lung tissue will be discussed more extensively. Considerable influx of new data from the clinic, in vivo and in vitro studies stimulate to search for novel concise explanation and holistic understanding of COPD nowadays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvardas Bagdonas
- State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jovile Raudoniute
- State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Bruzauskaite
- State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ruta Aldonyte
- State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
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