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Kok TW, Izzo AA, Costabile M. Intracellular immunoglobulin A (icIgA) in protective immunity and vaccines. Scand J Immunol 2023; 97:e13253. [PMID: 36597220 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Virus neutralization at respiratory mucosal surfaces is important in the prevention of infection. Mucosal immunity is mediated mainly by extracellular secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and its role has been well studied. However, the protective role of intracellular specific IgA (icIgA) is less well defined. Initially, in vitro studies using epithelial cell lines with surface expressed polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) in transwell culture chambers have shown that icIgA can neutralize influenza, parainfluenza, HIV, rotavirus and measles viruses. This effect appears to involve an interaction between polymeric immunoglobulin A (pIgA) and viral particles within an intracellular compartment, since IgA is transported across the polarized cell. Co-localization of specific icIgA with influenza virus in patients' (virus culture positive) respiratory epithelial cells using well-characterized antisera was initially reported in 2018. This review provides a summary of in vitro studies with icIgA on colocalization and neutralization of the above five viruses. Two other highly significant respiratory infectious agents with severe global impacts viz. SARS-2 virus (CoViD pandemic) and the intracellular bacterium-Mycobacterium tuberculosis-are discussed. Further studies will provide more detailed understanding of the mechanisms and kinetics of icIgA neutralization in relation to viral entry and early replication steps with a specific focus on mucosal infections. This will inform the design of more effective vaccines against infectious agents transmitted via the mucosal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuck-Weng Kok
- University of Adelaide, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences and School of Biological Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Angelo A Izzo
- University of Sydney, Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maurizio Costabile
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences and Centre for Cancer Biology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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2
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H5 cleavage-site peptide vaccine protects chickens from lethal infection by highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza viruses. Arch Virol 2021; 167:67-75. [PMID: 34693488 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic H5Nx avian influenza viruses constantly threaten the poultry industry and humans and have pandemic potential. These viruses continuously evolve, requiring a universal vaccine to protect chickens from members of diverse clades. The purpose of this study was to develop an H5 cleavage-site peptide vaccine containing polybasic amino acids (RRRK) to completely protect chickens from H5N6, H5N8, and H5N1 avian influenza viruses. Chickens were immunized with various doses of a keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-conjugated H5 cleavage-site peptide vaccine containing RRRK. The effect of RRRK was evaluated by comparing the survival rates of chickens immunized with vaccines either containing or lacking RRRK. The ability of the RRRK-containing vaccine to confer long-term protective immunity was also assessed. We found that protection was dependent on the number of antigens in the vaccine containing RRRK. Chickens immunized intramuscularly with two doses of 5 μg of the vaccine containing RRRK were completely protected, but those immunized with fewer than two doses of 3 or 1 μg were not protected. Chickens immunized with the vaccine lacking RRRK were not protected, suggesting the importance of the polybasic amino acids in conferring immunity. Our results suggest that conserved H5 cleavage-site peptides with polybasic amino acids may be a potential universal vaccine to protect chickens from various emerging clades of H5Nx avian influenza viruses.
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Ceramide and Related Molecules in Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115676. [PMID: 34073578 PMCID: PMC8197834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramide is a lipid messenger at the heart of sphingolipid metabolism. In concert with its metabolizing enzymes, particularly sphingomyelinases, it has key roles in regulating the physical properties of biological membranes, including the formation of membrane microdomains. Thus, ceramide and its related molecules have been attributed significant roles in nearly all steps of the viral life cycle: they may serve directly as receptors or co-receptors for viral entry, form microdomains that cluster entry receptors and/or enable them to adopt the required conformation or regulate their cell surface expression. Sphingolipids can regulate all forms of viral uptake, often through sphingomyelinase activation, and mediate endosomal escape and intracellular trafficking. Ceramide can be key for the formation of viral replication sites. Sphingomyelinases often mediate the release of new virions from infected cells. Moreover, sphingolipids can contribute to viral-induced apoptosis and morbidity in viral diseases, as well as virus immune evasion. Alpha-galactosylceramide, in particular, also plays a significant role in immune modulation in response to viral infections. This review will discuss the roles of ceramide and its related molecules in the different steps of the viral life cycle. We will also discuss how novel strategies could exploit these for therapeutic benefit.
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Feng H, Nakajima N, Wu L, Yamashita M, Lopes TJS, Tsuji M, Hasegawa H, Watanabe T, Kawaoka Y. A Glycolipid Adjuvant, 7DW8-5, Enhances the Protective Immune Response to the Current Split Influenza Vaccine in Mice. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2157. [PMID: 31620111 PMCID: PMC6759631 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is an effective strategy to control influenza disease. Adjuvants enhance the efficacy of vaccines, but few adjuvants are approved for human use, so novel, safe, and effective adjuvants are urgently needed. The glycolipid adjuvant 7DW8-5 has shown adjuvanticity to malaria vaccine; however, its adjuvant effect for seasonal influenza vaccine remains unknown. Here, we evaluated the adjuvanticity of 7DW8-5 to a quadrivalent split influenza vaccine in a mouse model. 7DW8-5 significantly enhanced virus-specific antibody production when administrated with influenza vaccine compared with that of vaccine alone; 10 μg of 7DW8-5 induced similar antibody levels to those induced by alum. Mouse body weight loss was reduced and, notably, the survival rate was increased in the vaccine plus 7DW8-5 group compared with that in the vaccine plus alum group. Our results indicate that the glycolipid 7DW8-5 is a promising adjuvant for influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huapeng Feng
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Nakajima
- Department of Pathology, The National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Li Wu
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamashita
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tiago J S Lopes
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of the Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, The National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tokiko Watanabe
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Li M, Zhao L, Ma J, Zhao N, Luo J, Wang C, Chen L, Ma G, Wang Y, He H. Vibrio vulnificus in aquariums is a novel threat to marine mammals and public health. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1863-1871. [PMID: 30047566 PMCID: PMC7169869 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram-negative, curved, obligate halophilic marine bacterium that exclusively exists in coastal seawaters. Previous studies revealed that V. vulnificus is one of the most dangerous foodborne zoonotic pathogens for human beings. However, it remains unknown whether marine mammals can be infected by V. vulnificus. In May 2016, a captive spotted seal (Phoca largha) died due to septicemia induced by V. vulnificus. Upon post-mortem examination, V. vulnificus was isolated, identified, and named as BJ-PH01. Further analysis showed that BJ-PH01 belongs to biotype 1 and the Clinical genotype. Furthermore, we performed an epidemiological investigation of V. vulnificus in six aquariums in northern China. As a result, V. vulnificus was successfully isolated from all investigated aquariums. The positive rates ranged from 20% to 100% in each investigated aquarium. During the investigation, 12 strains of V. vulnificus were isolated, and all 12 isolates were classified into biotype 1. Eleven of the 12 isolates belonged to the Clinical genotype, and one isolate belonged to the Environmental genotype. All 12 isolated V. vulnificus strains showed limited antibiotic resistance. Overall, our work demonstrated that V. vulnificus is frequently distributed in aquariums, thus constituting a threat to captive marine mammals and to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- National Research Center for Wildlife Borne DiseasesInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lin Zhao
- National Research Center for Wildlife Borne DiseasesInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life ScienceHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Jiajun Ma
- National Research Center for Wildlife Borne DiseasesInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Na Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jing Luo
- National Research Center for Wildlife Borne DiseasesInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chengmin Wang
- National Research Center for Wildlife Borne DiseasesInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lin Chen
- National Research Center for Wildlife Borne DiseasesInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Guoyao Ma
- National Research Center for Wildlife Borne DiseasesInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yutian Wang
- Department of MicrobiologyBeijing General Station of Animal HusbandryBeijingChina
| | - Hongxuan He
- National Research Center for Wildlife Borne DiseasesInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Kok TW, Costabile M, Tannock GA, Li P. Colocalization of intracellular specific IgA (icIgA) with influenza virus in patients' nasopharyngeal aspirate cells. J Virol Methods 2017; 252:8-14. [PMID: 29102516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of viral replication by icIgA antibodies has only been observed with in vitro studies using epithelial cell lines in transwell cultures. This effect appears to involve an interaction between polymeric immunoglobulin A (pIgA) and viral particles within an intracellular compartment, since IgA is transported across polarized cells. Polyclonal guinea pig antisera against purified influenza A virus and mouse antisera prepared against Influenza A/H3N2 hemagglutinin (HA0) cleavage loop peptides, were used in confocal fluorescence microscopy to show specific staining of wild-type influenza H1N1 and H3N2 viruses in clinical specimens. The HA0 cleavage loop peptides used for intranasal immunization of mice were designed and synthesized from specific conserved regions of influenza A/H1N1 & A/H3N2 viruses. Anti-human secretory IgA antibodies were used to show co-localisation of influenza A virus and icIgA. The results showed specific immunofluorescent staining of influenza A/H3N2 (X31) (HA0 uncleaved)-infected MDCK cells and the presence of icIgA in respiratory exudate cells of infected patients. Both results confirm specific co-localisation and suggest interaction between influenza A virus and icIgA in patients' respiratory exudate cells. Importantly, antisera to the mouse anti-HA0 cleavage site were specific for wild-type virus in clinical specimens, indicating that the conserved region of HA0 was present in the uncleaved form. Similar staining and colocalization patterns between icIgA and virus were observed with polyclonal guinea pig antisera against influenza A virus. These are the first observations of co-localization of influenza A virus and intracellular IgA in clinical specimens. Role of icIgA: This report shows the co-localization of influenza A virus HA0 and icIgA antibodies in respiratory exudate cells of patients who were culture and viral RNA positive, suggesting that icIgA directed against the conserved HA0 site may have a privileged and unique opportunity to act on immature virus and thus prevent HA0 cleavage, maturation and subsequent cycles of viral replication. The precise mechanism by which icIgA mediates intracellular viral neutralization remains to be fully elucidated. SIGNIFICANCE The above findings in clinical specimens would contribute strongly to our understanding of the mechanisms and kinetics of icIgA neutralization in relation to viral entry and early replication steps of mucosal viral infections. A rapid, objective and sensitive assay - by ex vivo enumeration of respiratory epithelial cells that have co-localized influenza virus and icIgA - would contribute to further mucosal immunity studies and inform the design of more effective vaccines against influenza and other viral infections transmitted via the mucosal route e.g. respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuck-Weng Kok
- School of Medicine & School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Maurizio Costabile
- School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Peng Li
- School of Medicine & School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Lin Q, Yang K, He F, Jiang J, Li T, Chen Z, Li R, Chen Y, Li S, Zhao Q, Xia N. Production of Influenza Virus HA1 Harboring Native-Like Epitopes by Pichia pastoris. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 179:1275-89. [PMID: 27040529 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza which exhibits high variation had brought a serious threat to the safety of humanity. To overcome this high variation, hemagglutinin-based recombinant subunit vaccine with rational design has been considered as a substitute for traditional virion-based vaccine development. Here, we expressed HA1 part of the hemagglutinin protein using the Pichia pastoris expression system and attained a high yield of about 120 mg/L through the use of fed-batch scalable fermentation. HA1 protein in the culture supernatant was purified using two-step ion-exchange chromatography. The resultant HA1 protein was homogeneous in solution in a glycosylated form, as confirmed by endoglycosidase H treatment. Sedimentation velocity tests, silver staining of protein gels, and immunoblotting were used for verification. The native HA1 reacted well with conformational, cross-genotype, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, whereas a loss of binding activity was noted with the denatured HA1 form. Moreover, the murine anti-HA1 serum exhibited a virus-capture capability in the hemagglutination inhibition assay, which suggests that HA1 harbors native-like epitopes. In conclusion, soluble HA1 was efficiently expressed and purified in this study. The functional glycosylated protein will be an alternative for the development of recombinant protein-based influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangping He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenqin Chen
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, People's Republic of China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, People's Republic of China.
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qinjian Zhao
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, People's Republic of China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, People's Republic of China
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Hoffmann J, Schneider C, Heinbockel L, Brandenburg K, Reimer R, Gabriel G. A new class of synthetic anti-lipopolysaccharide peptides inhibits influenza A virus replication by blocking cellular attachment. Antiviral Res 2014; 104:23-33. [PMID: 24486207 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses are a continuous threat to human health as illustrated by the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Since circulating influenza virus strains become increasingly resistant against currently available drugs, the development of novel antivirals is urgently needed. Here, we have evaluated a recently described new class of broad-spectrum antiviral peptides (synthetic anti-lipopolysaccharide peptides; SALPs) for their potential to inhibit influenza virus replication in vitro and in vivo. We found that particularly SALP PEP 19-2.5 shows high binding affinities for the influenza virus receptor molecule, N-Acetylneuraminic acid, leading to impaired viral attachment and cellular entry. As a result, replication of several influenza virus subtypes (H7N7, H3N2 and 2009 pandemic H1N1) was strongly reduced. Furthermore, mice co-treated with PEP 19-2.5 were protected against an otherwise 100% lethal H7N7 influenza virus infection. These findings show that SALPs exhibit antiviral activity against influenza viruses by blocking virus attachment and entry into host cells. Thus, SALPs present a new class of broad-spectrum antiviral peptides for further development for influenza virus therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hoffmann
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistr. 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carola Schneider
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistr. 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lena Heinbockel
- Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Research Center Borstel, Parkallee 35, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Klaus Brandenburg
- Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Research Center Borstel, Parkallee 35, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Rudolph Reimer
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistr. 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gülsah Gabriel
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistr. 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
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Miller DS, Kok T, Li P. The virus inoculum volume influences outcome of influenza A infection in mice. Lab Anim 2013; 47:74-7. [PMID: 23467492 DOI: 10.1258/la.2012.011157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
When establishing animal models of viral respiratory infection, the optimal dose and route of delivery are critical to ensure reproducible outcomes. The mouse model for influenza infection is widely used due to the small animal size and simplicity of viral inoculation. During establishment of a mouse model of influenza A infection we observed a marked shift in morbidity when identical influenza A inoculum doses were delivered in less than 35 μL. We show for the first time that mice challenged with a 25 μL inoculum volume readily recovered following infection with an infectious dose of influenza A virus that was fatal when inoculated in 35 or 50 μL volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren S Miller
- Microbiology IMVS-SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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Murugan S, Ponsekaran S, Kannivel L, Mangamoori LN, Chandran D, Villuppanoor Alwar S, Chakravarty C, Lal SK. Recombinant haemagglutinin protein of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus expressed in Pichia pastoris elicits a neutralizing antibody response in mice. J Virol Methods 2013; 187:20-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Iorio AM, Bistoni O, Galdiero M, Lepri E, Camilloni B, Russano AM, Neri M, Basileo M, Spinozzi F. Influenza viruses and cross-reactivity in healthy adults: humoral and cellular immunity induced by seasonal 2007/2008 influenza vaccination against vaccine antigens and 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic influenza virus. Vaccine 2012; 30:1617-23. [PMID: 22245606 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed humoral and cellular immune responses against vaccine antigens and the new A(H1N1) virus in healthy adults before and after immunization with the 2007/2008 commercially available trivalent subunit MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccine during the Fall 2007, prior to the emergence of the new virus. Antibody titers were significantly boosted only against the three vaccine antigens. Seasonal vaccination boosted pre-existing cellular responses upon stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells not only with the homologous three vaccine antigens, but also with the heterologous new 2009 A(H1N1) and with a highly conserved peptide present in the stalk region of hemagglutinin (HA). These results show that cross-reactive cell responses against the new virus were present before the circulation of the virus and were boosted by seasonal vaccination. The cross-reactivity of cellular responses might, at least in part, explain the low pathogenicity of the new pandemic virus. The finding of cellular immunity, that can be increased by seasonal vaccination, against the conserved HA peptide, underline the potential use, in human vaccines, of conserved peptides of the stalk region of HA characterized by broad immunogenicity in experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Iorio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Public Health, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
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