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Being a mother as a healthcare professional in the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. MARMARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.5472/marumj.1244379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this research was to determine the changes in relationships between healthcare professional mothers and their
preschool-aged children during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In addition, the second objective of this study
was to propose a new phenomenon that explains “being a mother as a healthcare professional” during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials and Methods: The participants of the research were 16 healthcare professional mothers (8 doctors and 8 nurses) who had
worked in intensive care units during the COVID-19 pandemic and had a preschool-aged child. The research was conducted in
accordance with the phenomenological approach, one of the qualitative research designs. The research data were obtained through
face-to-face interviews between the researchers and the participants using half-structured interview forms prepared by the researchers.
Colaizzi’s 7-step method was used for evaluation of the data.
Results: According to the research findings, the phenomenon of “being a mother as a healthcare professional” was gathered under
four main themes: emotional reactions, new normal in life, difficulties that pandemic brought in life and coping strategies with these
difficulties.
Conclusion: The findings showed that the COVID-19 pandemic caused many changes in the lives of healthcare professional mothers
and their children; these mothers and children built some emotional reactions, and they developed various strategies to overcome
these emotional reactions.
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Kealeboga KM, Ntsayagae EI, Tsima O. Psychological impact of COVID-19 on nurses caring for patients during COVID-19 pandemic in Gaborone. Nurs Open 2022; 10:3084-3093. [PMID: 36524453 PMCID: PMC9877726 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Nurses as front liners have direct contact with COVID-19 patients during the pandemic. Carrying the heavy burden during the pandemic has a mental health toll on healthcare professionals. The study explored nurses' experiences of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Botswana's two COVID-19 special care centres. DESIGN The study used qualitative case study research to solicit nurses' experiences caring for patients with COVID-19 in selected COVID-19 centres in Gaborone. METHOD Researchers purposively recruited nurses from two COVID-19 centres in Botswana. Data were collected using semi-structured telephone interviews and analysed through inductive thematic analysis. Various institutional review boards ethically cleared the study. RESULTS Six themes emerged from the thematic analysis: feelings of fear and anxiety, hopelessness and helplessness, loneliness, physical distress, support mechanism and commitment to care. PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION The results offer important insights into the nurses' experiences during the COVI-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Onalenna Tsima
- Faculty Health Sciences, School of NursingUniversity of BotswanaGaboroneBotswana
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Chen C, Li C, Chen M, Wang L, Zhu Y, Zhu Z. Coping and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among Chinese youth in the peak and remission periods of COVID-19. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2022; 143:106690. [PMID: 36267155 PMCID: PMC9568280 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed emergent vulnerability to adolescents' mental health. This longitudinal study investigated the association between coping at the peak of the COVID outbreak (T1) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms concurrently, and at the remission periods of COVID in China three months (T2) and six months (T3) later in a sample of 6th to 12th-grade students (N = 782). The results showed that forward-focus coping was negatively associated with PTSD symptoms across all three timepoints and predicted reduced risk for more PTSD symptoms at T2, and trauma-focus coping was positively associated with PTSD symptoms across all three timepoints and predicted higher risk of PTSD symptoms both at T2 and T3. There was an interaction effect of trauma-focus coping and T1 symptoms on later symptoms (T3) - trauma-focus coping was more detrimental for those who had more initial symptoms. The results showed the beneficial effects of future-oriented coping and harmful effects of trauma-focus coping for Chinese youth during the epidemic. Clinical implications of the results were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chen
- School of Humanities and Social Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, PR China
| | | | | | - Yaqin Zhu
- Shanghai Shi Dai Middle School, PR China
| | - Zhuoying Zhu
- Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, PR China
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Gómez-García G, Ramos-Navas-Parejo M, de la Cruz-Campos JC, Rodríguez-Jiménez C. Impact of COVID-19 on University Students: An Analysis of Its Influence on Psychological and Academic Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191610433. [PMID: 36012067 PMCID: PMC9407859 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The irruption of COVID-19 has had different consequences on mental health in the youth population. Specifically, the sector made up of university students has suffered an abrupt change of teaching modality because of the pandemic. As such, this paper aims to analyze the impact that COVID-19 has had on different personal factors of students: (i) satisfaction with life; (ii) lived uncertainty; (iii) depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as factors related to academic development; (iv) motivation and the creation of teaching and learning strategies during this period; and (v) the perception of the degree of adaptability to the new scenario brought about by the university system. For this purpose, a cross-sectional quantitative design was advocated through the elaboration of an SEM model, which included 1873 university students from Andalusian Universities (Spain). The results reflected the strong negative impact that the pandemic had, especially on the levels of life satisfaction and the indices of depression, anxiety, and stress of the students. Likewise, the findings reflected the relevance of the correct adaptability on the part of the university to these new circumstances. It is necessary for university institutions to focus their efforts on quality attention to students, in order to establish fluid communication with them and to adapt to their academic and personal needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Gómez-García
- Department of Didactics and School Organisation, Faculty of Education Science, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Magdalena Ramos-Navas-Parejo
- Department of Didactics and School Organization, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Campus Universitario de Melilla, University of Granada, 52071 Melilla, Spain
| | - Juan-Carlos de la Cruz-Campos
- Department of Didactics and School Organization, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Campus Universitario de Melilla, University of Granada, 52071 Melilla, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Department of Didactics and School Organization, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Campus Universitario de Melilla, University of Granada, 52071 Melilla, Spain
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5
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Gao L, Deng X, Yang W, Fang J. COVID-19 related stressors and mental health outcomes of expatriates in international construction. Front Public Health 2022; 10:961726. [PMID: 35910933 PMCID: PMC9334886 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.961726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The construction industry is labor-intensive, and employees' mental health has a significant impact on occupational health and job performance. In particular, expatriates in international projects under the normalization of the epidemic are under greater pressure than domestic project employees. This paper aims to explore the association of stressors and mental health in international constructions during COVID-19. Furthermore, test the mediation effect of psychological resilience and moderating effort of international experience in this relationship. A survey of 3,091 expatriates in international construction projects was conducted. A moderating mediation model was employed to test the effect of psychological resilience and international experience. Then, statistical analysis with a bootstrap sample was used to test the mediation effect of the model, and a simple slope was used to test the moderating effect. Moderated by experience, the slope of the effect of stressors on psychological resilience changed from −1.851 to −1.323. And the slope of the effect of psychological resilience on mental health outcomes reduced by about 0.1. This suggests that experience is one of the buffering factors for individual psychological resilience of expatriates to regulate stress. Theoretically, this study verifies the mediation effect of psychological resilience between COVID-19 related stressors and mental health outcomes and importance of an expatriate's experience in an international assignment. Practically, this study provides guidelines for international construction enterprises and managers to make an assistant plan for expatriates during this pandemic time and pay more attention to their psychological status. The research also suggests that the best choice for challenging assignments is choosing a more experienced employee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Gao
- Department of Construction and Real Estate, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaopeng Deng
- Department of Construction and Real Estate, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weimin Yang
- School of Trade and Logistics, Jiangsu Vocational Institute of Commerce, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Fang
- SINOPEC Engineering (Group) Co. Ltd. (SEG), Beijing, China
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Taurisano P, Lanciano T, Alfeo F, Bisceglie F, Monaco A, Sbordone FL, Abbatantuono C, Costadura S, Losole J, Ruggiero G, Iachini S, Vimercati L, Vacca A, De Caro MF, Curci A. The COVID-19 Stress Perceived on Social Distance and Gender-Based Implications. Front Psychol 2022; 13:846097. [PMID: 35615201 PMCID: PMC9126176 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.846097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented event entailing long-term consequences on population health and welfare. Those who contracted the coronavirus may have suffered from both physical and mental health issues that unfold the need for tailored intervention strategies. Hence, our study aims to investigate the psychological and social consequences of COVID-19 on a sample of 86 participants, encompassing 43 patients (clinical group; 25 women; mean age = 50.4 ± 10.1 years) recruited from Bari University Hospital, 19 of whom were hospitalized due to the disease. The remaining 43 were individuals not fallen ill with COVID-19 to date (control group; 25 women; mean age = 50.4 ± 10.1 years). The investigation yielded significant gender differences in post-traumatic stress symptoms, depression, and representation of interpersonal distance (IPD), evaluated through the IES-R, the BDI-II, and the IVAS task, respectively. This pattern of results was not replicated in the control group. In general, participants who reported having experienced the most intense post-traumatic symptoms also presented a greater mood deflection and, more specifically, within the clinical group women obtained the highest scores on both scales. Women reported higher IES-R and BDI-II scores compared to men, that could indicate that women who have contracted COVID-19 are more exposed to post-traumatic and depressive symptoms. Our results also showed a significant effect of COVID-19 on IPD with a tendency of disease-experienced individuals to increase their preferred IPD from adults, children, and elderly people. Regarding gender differences in mood and proxemic behavior, a correlation between depressive symptoms and probable PTSD and a further correlation between probable PTSD and greater IPD were found in women from both clinical and control group. Overall, these findings might contribute to a better understanding of gender-based implications of the current pandemic on mental health, also leading to the development of integrated yet personalized intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Taurisano
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Lanciano
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Alfeo
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy.,Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Bisceglie
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Alessia Monaco
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Abbatantuono
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Costadura
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Jolanda Losole
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ruggiero
- Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | - Santa Iachini
- Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | - Luigi Vimercati
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Occupational Health Division, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Fara De Caro
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Antonietta Curci
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
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Zhang L, Yan M, Takashima K, Guo W, Yamada Y. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers' anxiety levels: a meta-analysis. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13225. [PMID: 35433133 PMCID: PMC9009329 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has been declared a public health emergency of international concern, causing excessive anxiety among health care workers. Additionally, publication bias and low-quality publications have become widespread, which can result in the dissemination of unreliable information. A meta-analysis was performed for this study with the following two aims: (1) to examine the prevalence of anxiety among health care workers and determine whether it has increased owing to the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) to investigate whether there has been an increase in publication bias. Methods All relevant studies published between 2015 and 2020 were searched in electronic databases (namely Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, PsyArXiv, and medRxiv). The heterogeneity of the studies was assessed using the I 2 statistic. The effect size (prevalence rate of anxiety) and 95% CI for each study were also calculated. We used moderator analysis to test for the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers' anxiety levels and to detect publication bias in COVID-19 studies. We assessed publication bias using funnel plots and Egger's regression. Results A total of 122 studies with 118,025 participants met the inclusion criteria. Eighty-eight articles (75,066 participants) were related to COVID-19, 13 articles (9,222 participants) were unrelated to COVID-19 (i.e., articles related to other outbreaks, which were excluded), and 21 preprints (33,737 participants) were related to COVID-19. The pooled meta-analysis prevalence was 33.6% (95% CI [30.5-36.8]; 95% PI [6.5-76.3]). Moderator analysis revealed no significant differences between articles related to COVID-19 and those unrelated to COVID-19 (p = 0.824). Moreover, no significant differences were found between articles and preprints related to COVID-19 (p = 0.843). Significant heterogeneity was observed in each subgroup. An Egger's test revealed publication bias in both articles and preprints related to COVID-19 (p < 0.001). Conclusions Determining whether the anxiety state of health care workers is altered by the COVID-19 pandemic is currently difficult. However, there is evidence that their anxiety levels may always be high, which suggests that more attention should be paid to their mental health. Furthermore, we found a substantial publication bias; however, the quality of the studies was relatively stable and reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunbo Zhang
- Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Ming Yan
- Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Kaito Takashima
- Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Wenru Guo
- Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamada
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Japan
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Robles R, Morales-Chainé S, Bosch A, Astudillo-García C, Feria M, Infante S, Alcocer-Castillejos N, Ascencio L, Real-Ramírez J, Díaz D, Gómez-Estrada HF, Becerra C, Escamilla R, López-Montoya A, Beristain-Aguirre A, Vega H, Álvarez-Icaza D, Rodríguez E, Durand S, Fresán A, Medina-Mora ME, Fernández-Cáceres C, Madrigal de León EÁ. Mental Health Problems among COVID-19 Frontline Healthcare Workers and the Other Country-Level Epidemics: The Case of Mexico. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010421. [PMID: 35010679 PMCID: PMC8744587 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 frontline healthcare workers (FHCW) are struggling to cope with challenges that threaten their wellbeing. We examine the frequency and predictors of the most frequent mental health problems (MHP) among FHCW during the first COVID-19 peak in Mexico, one of the most severely affected countries in terms of FHCW’s COVID-19 mortality. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between May 8 and August 18, 2020. A total of 47.5% of the sample (n = 2218) were FHCW. The most frequent MHP were insomnia, depression, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and health anxiety/somatization (whole sample: 45.7, 37.4, 33.9, and 21.3%; FHCW: 52.4, 43.4, 40.3 and 26.1, respectively). As compared to during the initial COVID-19 phase, depression and health anxiety/somatization symptoms as well as experiences of grieving due to COVID-19, personal COVID-19 status, and having relatives and close friends with COVID-19 were more frequent during the COVID-19 peak. Obesity, domestic violence, personal COVID-19 status, and grieving because of COVID-19 were included in regression models for main FHCW’s MHP during the COVID-19 peak. In conclusion, measures to decrease other country-level epidemics contributing to the likelihood of COVID-19 complications (obesity) and MHP (domestic violence) as well as FHCW´s probability of COVID-19 infection could safeguard not only their physical but also mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Robles
- Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; (M.F.); (S.I.); (D.D.); (C.B.); (R.E.); (H.V.); (S.D.); (A.F.); (M.-E.M.-M.); (E.Á.M.d.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia Morales-Chainé
- Faculty of Psychology and General Directorate of Academic Personnel Affairs, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (S.M.-C.); (A.B.); (A.L.-M.); (A.B.-A.); (D.Á.-I.)
| | - Alejandro Bosch
- Faculty of Psychology and General Directorate of Academic Personnel Affairs, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (S.M.-C.); (A.B.); (A.L.-M.); (A.B.-A.); (D.Á.-I.)
| | | | - Miriam Feria
- Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; (M.F.); (S.I.); (D.D.); (C.B.); (R.E.); (H.V.); (S.D.); (A.F.); (M.-E.M.-M.); (E.Á.M.d.L.)
| | - Sara Infante
- Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; (M.F.); (S.I.); (D.D.); (C.B.); (R.E.); (H.V.); (S.D.); (A.F.); (M.-E.M.-M.); (E.Á.M.d.L.)
| | | | - Leticia Ascencio
- Palliative Care Service, National Cancer Institute, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Janet Real-Ramírez
- Population Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Dulce Díaz
- Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; (M.F.); (S.I.); (D.D.); (C.B.); (R.E.); (H.V.); (S.D.); (A.F.); (M.-E.M.-M.); (E.Á.M.d.L.)
| | | | - Claudia Becerra
- Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; (M.F.); (S.I.); (D.D.); (C.B.); (R.E.); (H.V.); (S.D.); (A.F.); (M.-E.M.-M.); (E.Á.M.d.L.)
| | - Raúl Escamilla
- Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; (M.F.); (S.I.); (D.D.); (C.B.); (R.E.); (H.V.); (S.D.); (A.F.); (M.-E.M.-M.); (E.Á.M.d.L.)
| | - Alejandra López-Montoya
- Faculty of Psychology and General Directorate of Academic Personnel Affairs, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (S.M.-C.); (A.B.); (A.L.-M.); (A.B.-A.); (D.Á.-I.)
| | - Ana Beristain-Aguirre
- Faculty of Psychology and General Directorate of Academic Personnel Affairs, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (S.M.-C.); (A.B.); (A.L.-M.); (A.B.-A.); (D.Á.-I.)
| | - Hamid Vega
- Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; (M.F.); (S.I.); (D.D.); (C.B.); (R.E.); (H.V.); (S.D.); (A.F.); (M.-E.M.-M.); (E.Á.M.d.L.)
| | - Dení Álvarez-Icaza
- Faculty of Psychology and General Directorate of Academic Personnel Affairs, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (S.M.-C.); (A.B.); (A.L.-M.); (A.B.-A.); (D.Á.-I.)
| | - Evelyn Rodríguez
- Infectious Disease Research Center, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Sol Durand
- Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; (M.F.); (S.I.); (D.D.); (C.B.); (R.E.); (H.V.); (S.D.); (A.F.); (M.-E.M.-M.); (E.Á.M.d.L.)
| | - Ana Fresán
- Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; (M.F.); (S.I.); (D.D.); (C.B.); (R.E.); (H.V.); (S.D.); (A.F.); (M.-E.M.-M.); (E.Á.M.d.L.)
| | - María-Elena Medina-Mora
- Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; (M.F.); (S.I.); (D.D.); (C.B.); (R.E.); (H.V.); (S.D.); (A.F.); (M.-E.M.-M.); (E.Á.M.d.L.)
- Faculty of Psychology and General Directorate of Academic Personnel Affairs, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (S.M.-C.); (A.B.); (A.L.-M.); (A.B.-A.); (D.Á.-I.)
| | | | - Eduardo Ángel Madrigal de León
- Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; (M.F.); (S.I.); (D.D.); (C.B.); (R.E.); (H.V.); (S.D.); (A.F.); (M.-E.M.-M.); (E.Á.M.d.L.)
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9
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Sugg HVR, Russell AM, Morgan LM, Iles-Smith H, Richards DA, Morley N, Burnett S, Cockcroft EJ, Thompson Coon J, Cruickshank S, Doris FE, Hunt HA, Kent M, Logan PA, Rafferty AM, Shepherd MH, Singh SJ, Tooze SJ, Whear R. Fundamental nursing care in patients with the SARS-CoV-2 virus: results from the 'COVID-NURSE' mixed methods survey into nurses' experiences of missed care and barriers to care. BMC Nurs 2021; 20:215. [PMID: 34724949 PMCID: PMC8558545 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-021-00746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patient experience of nursing care is associated with safety, care quality, treatment outcomes, costs and service use. Effective nursing care includes meeting patients’ fundamental physical, relational and psychosocial needs, which may be compromised by the challenges of SARS-CoV-2. No evidence-based nursing guidelines exist for patients with SARS-CoV-2. We report work to develop such a guideline. Our aim was to identify views and experiences of nursing staff on necessary nursing care for inpatients with SARS-CoV-2 (not invasively ventilated) that is omitted or delayed (missed care) and any barriers to this care. Methods We conducted an online mixed methods survey structured according to the Fundamentals of Care Framework. We recruited a convenience sample of UK-based nursing staff who had nursed inpatients with SARS-CoV-2 not invasively ventilated. We asked respondents to rate how well they were able to meet the needs of SARS-CoV-2 patients, compared to non-SARS-CoV-2 patients, in 15 care categories; select from a list of barriers to care; and describe examples of missed care and barriers to care. We analysed quantitative data descriptively and qualitative data using Framework Analysis, integrating data in side-by-side comparison tables. Results Of 1062 respondents, the majority rated mobility, talking and listening, non-verbal communication, communicating with significant others, and emotional wellbeing as worse for patients with SARS-CoV-2. Eight barriers were ranked within the top five in at least one of the three care areas. These were (in rank order): wearing Personal Protective Equipment, the severity of patients’ conditions, inability to take items in and out of isolation rooms without donning and doffing Personal Protective Equipment, lack of time to spend with patients, lack of presence from specialised services e.g. physiotherapists, lack of knowledge about SARS-CoV-2, insufficient stock, and reluctance to spend time with patients for fear of catching SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions Our respondents identified nursing care areas likely to be missed for patients with SARS-CoV-2, and barriers to delivering care. We are currently evaluating a guideline of nursing strategies to address these barriers, which are unlikely to be exclusive to this pandemic or the environments represented by our respondents. Our results should, therefore, be incorporated into global pandemic planning. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12912-021-00746-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly V R Sugg
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
| | - Anne-Marie Russell
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Leila M Morgan
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Heather Iles-Smith
- School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Allerton Building, Frederick Rd, Salford, M6 6PU, UK.,Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, Stott Lane, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
| | - David A Richards
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.,Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Inndalsveien 28, 5063, Bergen, Norway
| | - Naomi Morley
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Sarah Burnett
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Emma J Cockcroft
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Jo Thompson Coon
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.,The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) South West Peninsula (PenARC), Exeter, UK
| | | | - Faye E Doris
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Harriet A Hunt
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Merryn Kent
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Philippa A Logan
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Anne Marie Rafferty
- Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, London, SE1 8WA, UK
| | - Maggie H Shepherd
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.,Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Sally J Singh
- Department of Respiratory Science, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.,University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Susannah J Tooze
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Rebecca Whear
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
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10
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Bates A, Ottaway J, Moyses H, Perrrow M, Rushbrook S, Cusack R. Psychological impact of caring for critically ill patients during the Covid-19 pandemic and recommendations for staff support. J Intensive Care Soc 2021; 22:312-318. [PMID: 35154369 PMCID: PMC8829768 DOI: 10.1177/1751143720965109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports of significant psychological stress among frontline healthcare workers are emerging from the Covid-19 outbreak in China. Concerningly, these match findings from previous infective outbreaks, which resulted in long-term psychological pathology. METHODS During the Covid-19 pandemic, a multi-disciplinary cohort of Intensive Care staff completed an online survey of psychological well-being and rated the perceived usefulness of supportive interventions. RESULTS Sixty per cent of invited staff responded. Seventy-seven per cent reported normal/high level of resilience. Thirty-two staff (35%) reported anxiety of a level at which formal psychological assessment is recommended. Sixteen (14%) staff members reported symptomology suggestive of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between job-related well-being, anxiety (p = 0.003) and PTSD (p = 0.005). Nurses were seven times more likely than doctors to score higher anxiety (OR = 6.8; p = 0.01). Preferred supportive interventions were adequate personal protective equipment, rest facilities and regular breaks. In the subgroup with high anxiety, psychological support was perceived as significantly more useful, with significant reductions reported for rest facilities and PPE. DISCUSSION We report concerning levels of anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptomology among intensive care staff during the Covid-19 crisis, significantly impacting job-related well-being. Nurses are disproportionately affected. Overall, physiologically protective supportive interventions were preferred by staff; however, staff with established anxiety desire professional psychological help. Our findings match reports from SARS 2003 and China 2019. To mitigate long-term psychological consequences of caring for patients during a pandemic, easily deliverable protective strategies should be instigated, supported by formal and longer-term psychological support. Particular attention should be paid to developing strategies which support nursing staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bates
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Julia Ottaway
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Helen Moyses
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Marcie Perrrow
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Rebecca Cusack
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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11
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Agyei FB, Bayuo J, Baffour PK, Laari C. "Surviving to thriving": a meta-ethnography of the experiences of healthcare staff caring for persons with COVID-19. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:1131. [PMID: 34670562 PMCID: PMC8528651 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-07112-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of the Coronavirus disease has heightened the experience of emotional burden among healthcare staff. To guide the development of support programmes, this review sought to aggregate and synthesise qualitative studies to establish a comparative understanding of the experiences of healthcare staff caring for persons with the disease. DESIGN A meta-ethnography approach was used to aggregate and synthesise primary qualitative studies. Database search was undertaken from January to November 2020. A standardised tool was used to extract data from the identified primary studies. The studies were translated into each other to formulate overarching concepts/ metaphors which formed the basis of undertaking a narrative synthesis. RESULTS Eight qualitative studies met the inclusion criteria. Two overarching metaphors/ concepts were formulated from the primary studies: 1) surviving to thriving in an evolving space and 2) support amid the new normal. The initial phase of entering the space of caring during the outbreak was filled with psychological chaos as healthcare staff struggled to survive within the context of an illness which was not fully understood. Gradually, healthcare staff may transition to a thriving phase characterised by resilience but still experienced heavy workload and physical/ emotional exhaustion predisposing them to burnout and compassion fatigue. Fear persisted throughout their experiences: fear of contracting the disease or infecting one's family members/ loved ones remained a key concern among healthcare staff despite infection precaution measures. Healthcare staff who contracted the disease felt isolated with additional fears of dying alone. The sources of support were varied with a strong emphasis on peer support. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare staff caring for persons infected with the Coronavirus disease are at risk of burnout and compassion fatigue and require ongoing mental health support commensurate to their needs. Staff who contract the disease may require additional support to navigate through the illness and recovery. Policies and concerted efforts are needed to strengthen support systems and build resilience among healthcare staff.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Bayuo
- Department of Nursing, Presbyterian University College, Agogo, Ghana.
| | | | - Cletus Laari
- Department of General Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
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12
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Guido A, Marconi E, Peruzzi L, Dinapoli N, Tamburrini G, Attinà G, Balducci M, Valentini V, Ruggiero A, Chieffo DPR. Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Parents of Pediatric Cancer Patients. Front Psychol 2021; 12:730341. [PMID: 34630243 PMCID: PMC8493250 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.730341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The changes and general alarm of the current COVID-19 pandemic have amplified the sense of precariousness and vulnerability for family members who, in addition to the emotional trauma of the cancer diagnosis, add the distress and fear of the risks associated with infection. The primary objectives of the present study were to investigate the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the parents of pediatric cancer patients, and the level of stress, anxiety, and the child's quality of life perceived by the parents during the COVID-19 epidemic. The parents of 45 consecutive children with solid and hematological tumors were enrolled. Four questionnaires (Impact of Event Scale-Revised - IES-R; Perceived Stress Scale - PSS; Spielberger State - Trait Anxiety Inventory - STAI-Y; Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory - PedsQL) were administered to the parents at the beginning of the pandemic lockdown. A 75% of parents exhibited remarkable levels of anxiety, with 60 subjects in state scale and 45 subjects in trait scale having scores that reached and exceeded the STAI-Y cut off. The bivariate matrix of correlation found a significant positive correlation between the IES-R and PSS scores (r = 0.55, P < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between the PSS and PedsQL (emotional needs) scale (P < 0.001) and a negative correlation between IES-R and STAI-Y (P < 0.001). The results confirm that parents of pediatric cancer patients have a high psychological risk for post-traumatic symptoms, high stress levels, and the presence of clinically significant levels of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Guido
- UOS Psicologia Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Marconi
- UOS Psicologia Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- UOC Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Peruzzi
- UOS Psicologia Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Dinapoli
- UOC Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Tamburrini
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Attinà
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Balducci
- UOC Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Valentini
- UOC Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ruggiero
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Pia Rosaria Chieffo
- UOS Psicologia Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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13
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Chutko LS, Surushkina SY, Yakovenko EA, Anisimova TI, Sergeev AV, Kryukova EM, Antokhin EY, Madzhidova EN, Didur MD, Cherednichenko DV. [Clinical features of asthenia in the context of adjustment disorders]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:55-63. [PMID: 34460158 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202112107155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study asthenic symptoms in patients with adjustment disorders and to assess the efficacy of cytoflavin in their treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 100 patients, aged 20 to 43 years, with a diagnosis of adjustment disorder. Clinical, neurophysiological and parametric methods were used. An asthenic state scale, the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), a digital rating scale (a 10-point variant) and the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), the Psychological Stress Measure (PSM-25), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) were administered. Cytoflavin was used in a dose of 2 tab. 2 times a day for 25 days for the treatment of patients from the study group. RESULTS In the study group, 48.0% of patients had a pronounced degree of asthenia, and 52% had a moderate one. The clinical improvement was achieved in 73.0%. In the subgroup with moderate asthenia, the improvement was recorded in 88.5% of cases, in the subgroup of patients with severe asthenia in 56.3% of patients. There was a significant decrease in the severity of indicators on the scales of general asthenia, decreased activity and mental asthenia; a significant decrease in the integral indicator of mental tension, a significant improvement in the indicator of attention, a decrease in the frequency and intensity of headache. The improvement in the functional state of the brain in the form of a decrease in the power of the alpha rhythm in the anterior cerebral cortex was shown. CONCLUSION The results of the study allow us to conclude that the use of cytoflavin is effective in the treatment of adjustment disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Chutko
- N. Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S Yu Surushkina
- N. Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E A Yakovenko
- N. Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - T I Anisimova
- N. Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A V Sergeev
- N. Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E M Kryukova
- Orenburg Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital No. 1, Orenburg, Russia
| | | | - E N Madzhidova
- Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - M D Didur
- N. Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D V Cherednichenko
- N. Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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14
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Svensson SJ, Elntib S. Community cohesion during the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic: A social antidote to health anxiety and stress. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 51:793-808. [PMID: 34219802 PMCID: PMC8237056 DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Social support gained through community ties has been pivotal in dealing with stressful events. A cross-sectional community sample (N = 2,329) was gathered to assess community cohesion buffering against heath anxiety and perceived stress during the first peak of the pandemic in the UK, using structural equation modeling analyses. Community cohesion acted as a protective mechanism against both health anxiety and stress during the first national lockdown. A strong positive association was also found between health anxiety and stress. Stress and health anxiety scores peaked in the first weeks of the imposed quarantine; as the lockdown was extended, participants reported lower stress, health anxiety and community cohesion scores. The reduction of community cohesion scores was greater for those younger than 45 while the positive association between stress and health anxiety was stronger among males during the lockdown. While community cohesion effects against health anxiety were enhanced for females, community's buffering against stress were greater for males. Strengthening citizens' psychological sense of community through the publicization and support of local initiatives and mutual-aid groups and utilizing methodically green (and blue) spaces to boost neighborhood attraction might be viable strategies within which stress and health anxiety can be suppressed. Conversely, allowing community, regional and national cracks to deepen can exacerbate the impact of stressful events experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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15
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Moderato L, Lazzeroni D, Oppo A, Dell’Orco F, Moderato P, Presti G. Acute Stress Response Profiles in Health Workers Facing SARS-CoV-2. Front Psychol 2021; 12:660156. [PMID: 34135820 PMCID: PMC8201090 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.660156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study is an explorative investigation aimed to assess the differences in acute stress response patterns of health workers facing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during Italy's first lockdown. METHODS A cross-sectional investigation using convenience sampling method was conducted in Italy during April 2020. Eight hundred fifty-eight health workers participated in the research filling out self-report measures including Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). RESULTS Moderate/severe depression was found in 28.9% (95% CI, 25.8-32.04), moderate/severe anxiety in 55.4% (95% CI, 51.9-58.8), insomnia in 15% (95% CI, 12.5-17.5), and distress in 52.5% (95% CI, 48.5%-56.6) of participants. The 3% of health workers reported frequent suicidal thoughts. Female sex, working for >15 h/week in a COVID-19 unit, and living apart from family were associated with a significantly higher risk of distress, anxiety, insomnia, depression, and functional impairment. Four profiles were identified on the basis of psychopathological measures: Profile_0 included 44% (N = 270); Profile_1, 25.6% (N = 157); Profile_2, 19.1% (N = 117); and Profile_3, 11.3% (N = 69) of participants. Results showed a significant effect for Profiles X IES-R (η2 = 0.079; f = 0.29), indicating that in all profiles, except for Profile_0, avoidance scale is lower than hyperarousal and intrusion symptoms scales of the IES-R. This characteristic could be a probable index of the control exerted by the responders to not fly away from their job. CONCLUSION The identification of specific profiles could help psychiatrists and emergency psychologists to build specific interventions in terms of both primary and secondary prevention to face future waves of the COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annalisa Oppo
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Moderato
- Istituto Europeo per lo Studio del Comportamento Umano, ONLUS, Parma, Italy
- Department BLEC, Libera Università di Lingue e Comunicazione IULM, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Presti
- Istituto Europeo per lo Studio del Comportamento Umano, ONLUS, Parma, Italy
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
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16
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Okeke EN. Pan[dem]ic! Rational Risk Avoidance During a Health Pandemic. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021:2021.05.28.21257983. [PMID: 34100022 PMCID: PMC8183020 DOI: 10.1101/2021.05.28.21257983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
During a health pandemic health workers have to balance two competing objectives: their own welfare vs. that of their patients. Intuitively, attending to sick patients during a pandemic poses risks to health workers because some of these patients could be infected. One way to reduce risk is by reducing contact with patients. These changes could be on the extensive margin, e.g., seeing fewer patients; or, more insidiously, on the intensive margin, by reducing the duration/intensity of contact. This paper studies risk avoidance behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic and examines implications for patient welfare. Using primary data on thousands of patient-provider interactions between January 2019 and October 2020 in Nigeria, I present evidence of risk compensation by health workers along the intensive margin. For example, the probability that a patient receives a physical examination has dropped by about a third. I find suggestive evidence of negative effects on health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward N Okeke
- Department of Economics, Sociology and Statistics, RAND, 1200 South Hayes, Arlington, VA 22202
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17
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Bachilo EV, Novikov DE, Efremov AA. [Mental health assessment of medical workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia: results of an online survey]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:104-109. [PMID: 33834726 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2021121031104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the mental health of health workers during a pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eight hundred and twelve medical workers took part in a cross-sectional Internet survey. The questionnaire included a socio-demographic block, a block of questionnaires for assessing the level of symptoms of anxiety and depression (PHQ-9 and GAD-7). The data were processed using statistical methods. RESULTS The prevalence of anxiety and depression among healthcare providers during the pandemic was 48.77% and 57.63% respectively. Subjectively poor quality of sleep was noted by 37.4% of respondents. Cluster analysis distinguished 4 groups of respondents: group 1 was characterized by high scores on PHQ-9 and GAD-7 and a low subjective assessment of sleep quality; group 2 had low scores on PHQ-9 and GAD-7 and a high subjective assessment of sleep quality; respondents from clusters 3 and 4 had average total scores on PHQ-9 and GAD-7, however, group 4 was characterized by significantly lower values of subjective sleep quality assessment. CONCLUSION The division into clusters makes it possible to understand which groups of medical workers require psychological (psychotherapeutic) support in the first place. Cluster 1 respondents with high levels of anxiety and depression, as well as poor sleep quality, need priority assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Bachilo
- Eeducational and Research Center of Psychotherapy and Clinical Psychology, Moscow, Russia
| | - D E Novikov
- Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
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18
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Comfort AB, Krezanoski PJ, Rao L, El Ayadi A, Tsai AC, Goodman S, Harper CC. Mental health among outpatient reproductive health care providers during the US COVID-19 epidemic. Reprod Health 2021; 18:49. [PMID: 33627155 PMCID: PMC7903398 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-021-01102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both inpatient and outpatient providers may be at increased risk of stress, anxiety and depression from their roles as health providers during the COVID-19 epidemic. This study explores how the US COVID-19 epidemic has increased feelings of stress, anxiety and depression among outpatient reproductive health providers. METHODS We conducted a survey with open-ended responses among outpatient reproductive health providers across the U.S. engaged in contraceptive care to collect data on their experiences with stress, anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 epidemic. The study population included physicians, nurses, social workers, and other health professions [n = 288]. Data were collected from April 21st-June 24th 2020. We used content analysis of free text responses among providers reporting increased stress, anxiety or depression. RESULTS Two-thirds (184) of providers reported increased stress and one-third (96) reported increased anxiety or depression related to care provision during the COVID-19 epidemic. The major sources of stress, anxiety and depression were due to patient care, worry about becoming infected or infecting family members, work- and home-related concerns, experiencing provider burnout, and fear of the unknown. Concerns about quality of patient care, providers' changing responsibilities, lack of personal protective equipment, and difficulty coping with co-worker illness and absence all contributed to provider stress and anxiety. Worries about unemployment and childcare responsibilities were also highlighted. Providers attributed their stress, anxiety or depression to feeling overwhelmed, being unable to focus, lacking sleep, and worrying about the unknown. CONCLUSIONS US outpatient providers are experiencing significant stress, anxiety, and depression during the US COVID-19 epidemic. Policy and programmatic responses are urgently needed to address the widespread adverse mental health consequences of this epidemic on outpatient providers, including reproductive health providers, across the US. Both inpatient and outpatient providers may be at increased risk of stress, anxiety and depression from their roles as health providers during the COVID-19 epidemic. This study explores how the US COVID-19 epidemic has increased feelings of stress, anxiety and depression among outpatient reproductive health providers across the US. We conducted a survey from April 21st to June 24th, 2020 among outpatient reproductive health providers, including physicians, nurses, social workers and other health professions. We asked open-ended questions to understand why providers reported increased stress, anxiety and/or depression. Two-thirds (184) of providers reported increased stress and one-third (96) reported increased anxiety or depression from care provision during the COVID-19 epidemic. Major sources of stress, anxiety and depression were due to patient care, worry about becoming infected or infecting family members, work- and home-related concerns, experiencing provider burnout, and fear of the unknown. Concerns about quality of patient care, providers' changing responsibilities, lack of personal protective equipment, and difficulty coping with co-worker illness and absence all contributed to provider stress and anxiety. Worries about unemployment and childcare responsibilities were also highlighted. Providers attributed their stress, anxiety or depression to feeling overwhelmed, being unable to focus, lacking sleep, and worrying about the unknown. This study highlights that US outpatient reproductive health providers are experiencing significant stress, anxiety, and depression during the US COVID-19 epidemic. Policy and programmatic responses are urgently needed to address the widespread adverse mental health consequences of this epidemic on outpatient providers, including reproductive health providers, across the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison B. Comfort
- Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 3rd floor, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Paul J. Krezanoski
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA
| | - Lavanya Rao
- Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 3rd floor, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Alison El Ayadi
- Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 3rd floor, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Alexander C. Tsai
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 125 Nashua Street, Suite 722, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Suzan Goodman
- Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 3rd floor, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Cynthia C. Harper
- Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 3rd floor, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
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19
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Canestrari C, Bongelli R, Fermani A, Riccioni I, Bertolazzi A, Muzi M, Burro R. Coronavirus Disease Stress Among Italian Healthcare Workers: The Role of Coping Humor. Front Psychol 2021; 11:601574. [PMID: 33569023 PMCID: PMC7868596 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.601574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to understand how coping strategies in general and humor-based coping strategies in particular modulate the perception of pandemic-related stress in a sample of Italian healthcare workers during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Italy. A total of 625 healthcare workers anonymously and voluntarily completed a 10-min questionnaire, which included psychometrically valid measurements preceded by a set of questions aimed at determining workers' exposure to COVID-19. The Perceived Stress Scale was used to measure healthcare workers' stress levels, and the Brief COPE Scale and Coping Humor Scale were used to assess participants' avoidant or approach coping style and verify the degree to which they relied on humor to cope with stress. The results show that (1) levels of perceived stress were higher in healthcare workers who were more exposed to COVID-19 (i.e., who came into contact with COVID-19 patients or worked in wards dedicated to COVID-19) in comparison to less-exposed workers; (2) participants who reported a higher use of avoidant coping strategies perceived the situation as more stressful than those who used them less; and (3) healthcare workers who reported higher use of humor-based coping strategies perceived the situation as less stressful in comparison with those who reported less use of coping humor. Such findings expanded other research studies by including coping humor as a potential factor to mitigate the perceived stress related to COVID-19. The paper concludes with a discussion of implications for future research and limitations of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Canestrari
- Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Ramona Bongelli
- Department of Political Science, Communication, International Relations, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fermani
- Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Ilaria Riccioni
- Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Alessia Bertolazzi
- Department of Political Science, Communication, International Relations, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Morena Muzi
- Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Roberto Burro
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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20
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Abstract
Under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, a rapid change in the epidemiological situation, and introduced quarantine measures, there are conditions for a sharp deterioration in the mental health of a wide range of people. There are specific stressors that negatively affect mental health; there are population groups that are more vulnerable to psychological stress and the development of pathological psychological defense reactions; there is a sharp rise in the number of cases of heterogeneous mental disorders (depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorders, etc.) among the population and healthcare workers in the foci of infection. The manifestation or exacerbation of mental illness in turn contributes to the spread of viral infection and is associated with a more frequent development of somatic complications and a poor prognosis. The practical problem is to choose effective psychopharmacological agents for the relief and treatment of mental disorders, by taking into account the need to combine the agents with antiviral drugs in somatically weakened COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. E. Medvedev
- Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
| | - O. A. Dogotar
- Accreditation and Simulation Training Center, Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
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21
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Semo BW, Frissa SM. The Mental Health Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Sub-Saharan Africa. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020; 13:713-720. [PMID: 32982500 PMCID: PMC7508558 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s264286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is leading to mental health problems due to disease experience, physical distancing, stigma and discrimination, and job losses in many of the settings hardest hit by the pandemic. Health care workers, patients with COVID-19 and other illnesses, children, women, youth, and the elderly are experiencing post-traumatic stress disorders, anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Virtual mental health services have been established in many settings and social media is being used to impart mental health education and communication resources. This rapid review highlights mental health services across countries hardest hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. More needs to be done to take these services to scale and ensure equity and efficiency. The impact of COVID-19 on mental health in sub-Saharan Africa could be immense, given the weak health care systems. Similar to the Ebola epidemic of 2014-2016, COVID-19 is expected to cause anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorders. Uptake of mental health care services is generally low, and communities rely on social resources. Hence, efforts to control the disease transmission should be contextualized. Low digital literacy, low smartphone penetration and limited internet connection make online mental health services a limited option for service delivery. Safeguarding social and cultural resilience factors and coping mechanisms is critical in the sub-Saharan African context. Mass media is a feasible way of providing social resources. Community health workers can be trained quickly to provide mental health education, screening and counselling services. Toll-free mental health helplines can be used to provide services to health care workers and those needing customized care. Mental health and psychosocial support services need to be integrated into the pandemic response and coordinated nationally. It is critical for these services to continue during and after the epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bazghina-werq Semo
- Independent Global Health Consultant, Washington DC, DC, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Souci Mogga Frissa
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, Centre for Global Mental Health, King’s College, London, UK
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22
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Mosolov SN. [Problems of mental health in the situation of COVID-19 pandemic]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 120:7-15. [PMID: 32621462 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20201200517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The WHO declared COVID-19 pandemic, the deterioration of the epidemic situation in Russia, the lockdown and the growing fear in society caused by panic rumors and misinformation spread on social networks and the media pose urgent organizational and medical tasks for our psychiatric service. Based on the experience of other countries that have already encountered the massive spread of COVID-19, the author presents a review of the proposed urgent and preventive organizational and treatment measures and suggests practical recommendations on urgent temporary reorganization of the psychiatric service, and the provision of psychological and psychotherapeutic support to the most vulnerable groups of the population, including medical personnel working with patients with COVID-19, and the management of mentally ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. As the primary goals, it is proposed to separate the flows of people in need of psychological support and psychiatric care, and organize the remote provision of these services (hotline phones and telemedicine consultations). Particular attention is paid to the management of mentally ill patients with coronavirus respiratory syndrome and the characteristics of psychopharmacological therapy with an overview of the potential risks of side-effects and complications related primarily to respiratory function, including those due to adverse drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Mosolov
- Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry - a branch of Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Addictology, Moscow, Russia.,Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA
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