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Bartoli E, Wadji DL, Oe M, Cheng P, Martin-Soelch C, Pfaltz MC, Langevin R. Perceived Acceptability of Child Maltreatment as a Moderator of the Association Between Experiences of Child Maltreatment and Post-Traumatic Symptoms: A Cross-Cultural Study. J Interpers Violence 2024:8862605241234348. [PMID: 38450674 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241234348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Despite the well-documented link between child maltreatment (CM) and mental health, evidence suggests substantial variability in the post-traumatic sequelae of CM across cultures. The perceived acceptability of CM in one's community might moderate the association between CM and mental health, but little research has been conducted on it so far. This study examined how the perceived acceptability of CM may influence the relationship between CM experiences and post-traumatic symptoms in individuals from four different continents and if the pattern of associations is the same across countries. We recruited a sample of 478 adults from Cameroon (n = 111), Canada (n = 137), Japan (n = 108), and Germany (n = 122). We administered online questionnaires and performed multiple group moderation analyses for total CM, neglect, physical abuse, emotional maltreatment, sexual abuse, and exposure to domestic violence (DV). A significant positive main effect of CM on post-traumatic symptoms was found in the overall sample and in Cameroon; in Germany, only neglect and emotional maltreatment were positively associated to post-traumatic symptoms. Moderation effects were identified; the perceived acceptability of neglect in Cameroon and Germany and of exposure to DV in Cameroon had a dampening effect on the relationship between CM experiences and post-traumatic symptoms. Our findings confirm that CM experiences entail long-term post-traumatic sequelae that can vary across cultures and CM subtypes and further our understanding of this issue by showing that the perceived acceptability of CM may be an understudied moderator.
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Dyab R, Zuccarella-Hackl C, Princip M, Sivakumar S, Meister-Langraf RE, Znoj H, Schmid JP, Barth J, Schnyder U, von Känel R, Gidron Y. Role of Heart Rate Variability in the Association between Myocardial Infarction Severity and Post-Myocardial Infarction Distress. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2266. [PMID: 38137867 PMCID: PMC10744743 DOI: 10.3390/life13122266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myocardial infarction (MI) results in mental health consequences, including depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The risk and protective factors of such mental consequences are not fully understood. This study examined the relation between MI severity and future mental health consequences and the moderating role of vagal nerve activity. METHODS In a reanalysis of data from the Myocardial Infarction-Stress Prevention Intervention (MI-SPRINT) study, 154 post-MI patients participated. MI severity was measured by the Killip Scale and by troponin levels. Depression and PTSD symptoms were assessed with valid questionnaires, both at 3 and 12 months. Vagal nerve activity was indexed by the heart rate variability (HRV) parameter of the root-mean square of successive R-R differences (RMSSD). Following multivariate analyses, the association between MI severity and distress was examined in patients with low and high HRV (RMSSD = 30 ms). RESULTS In the full sample, the Killip index predicted post-MI distress only at 3 months, while troponin predicted distress at 3- and 12-months post-MI. However, HRV moderated the effects of the Killip classification; Killip significantly predicted symptoms of depression and PTSD at 3- and 12-months post-MI, but only in patients with low HRV. Such moderation was absent for troponin. CONCLUSION MI severity (Killip classification) predicted post-MI depression and PTSD symptoms, but only in patients with low HRV, suggesting that the vagal nerve is a partial protective (moderating) factor in the relation between Killip score and post-MI distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Dyab
- The Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Science, The University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
- Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel
| | - Claudia Zuccarella-Hackl
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.Z.-H.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (R.E.M.-L.); (R.v.K.)
| | - Mary Princip
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.Z.-H.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (R.E.M.-L.); (R.v.K.)
| | - Sinthujan Sivakumar
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.Z.-H.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (R.E.M.-L.); (R.v.K.)
| | - Rebecca E. Meister-Langraf
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.Z.-H.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (R.E.M.-L.); (R.v.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Clienia Schlössli AG, 8618 Oetwil am See, Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Znoj
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Jean-Paul Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Clinic Gais AG, 9056 Gais, Switzerland;
| | - Jürgen Barth
- Institute for Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Ulrich Schnyder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Roland von Känel
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.Z.-H.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (R.E.M.-L.); (R.v.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Yori Gidron
- The Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Science, The University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
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Hepping AM, Barvelink B, Ploegmakers JJW, van der Palen J, Geertzen JHB, Bulstra SK, Harbers JS, Stevens M. Functional recovery after reduced pediatric fractures of the forearm with respect to perceived limitations, common post-traumatic symptoms, range of motion, and dexterity: a prospective study. Disabil Rehabil 2023; 45:3560-3566. [PMID: 36214289 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2131006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies on functional recovery after pediatric forearm fractures are scarce. Outcome measures are usually (retrospectively) incorporated to compare treatments. How these parameters recover has only rarely fallen within the scope. Aim was to provide insight into "normal recovery" by evaluating how limitations, post-traumatic symptoms, range of motion (ROM) and dexterity recuperate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective observational study regarding children 4 and 18 years with a reduced forearm fracture. Limitations, post-traumatic symptoms, ROM, and dexterity were evaluated 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months post-trauma. ROM of the unaffected side was used as a baseline. RESULTS Of 54 participants 25.9% and 5.9% perceived limitations after 3 respectively 6 months. Pain, swelling and hypertrichosis were common symptoms. Movements distal from the elbow were restrained 6 weeks post-trauma. Supination and palmar flexion were most affected, followed by dorsal flexion and pronation. Palmar flexion and pronation were still affected after 3 months and associated with treatment invasiveness. Dexterity was diminished at 6 weeks only. CONCLUSIONS Mild limitations are common. Further investigation of the association between pain, reduced sensitivity and hypertrichosis with treatment invasiveness is warranted. Regarding ROM supination, pronation, palmar and dorsal flexion should be incorporated in future studies. Dexterity is an unsuitable outcome measure.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThis study relates to monitoring recovery from pediatric forearm fractures.Physicians ought to realize that one in four children experience limitations preceding 3 months post-trauma, in which case involvement of a hand therapist should be considered.Pain, swelling and especially hypertrichosis are common post-traumatic symptoms in children and should on itself not immediately raise concerns for complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS).To assess recovery of range of motion measuring pronation, supination, dorsal, and palmar flexion is sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Hepping
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
- Roessingh Center for Rehabilitation, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Britt Barvelink
- Department of Orthopedics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris J W Ploegmakers
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Job van der Palen
- Section Cognition, Data and Education, Measurement and Data Analysis, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Medical School Twente, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H B Geertzen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd K Bulstra
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorrit S Harbers
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Stevens
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Buodo G, Moretta T, Santucci VG, Chen S, Potenza MN. Using Social Media for Social Motives Moderates the Relationship between Post-Traumatic Symptoms during a COVID-19-Related Lockdown and Improvement of Distress after Lockdown. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13010053. [PMID: 36661625 PMCID: PMC9855109 DOI: 10.3390/bs13010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research reported inconsistent results on the relationship between social media (SM) use and psychological well-being, suggesting the importance of assessing possible moderators, e.g., motives for SM use. However, no longitudinal study has yet investigated whether, among people who use SM, specific motives for using SM may represent protective/risk factors for the development of psychological distress, especially after a stressful event. Our longitudinal study aimed at assessing the moderating role of motives for using SM (i.e., coping, conformity, enhancement, social motives) in the relationship between COVID-19 pandemic-related post-traumatic stress symptoms during the lockdown and changes in general distress after lockdown. At Time 1 (during the first lockdown in Italy), 660 participants responded to an online survey, reporting their post-traumatic symptoms, motives for using SM, and general distress (i.e., anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms). At Time 2 (three months later, following lockdown), 117 participants volunteered to continue with the follow-up survey assessing general distress symptoms again. Results showed that among those who had experienced more severe post-traumatic symptoms at Time 1, using SM for social motives was associated with more improvement of general distress symptoms. No evidence was found of moderating effects of other motives for SM use. The findings suggest that social connections may have helped to cope with stress during forced confinement, and that SM use may be beneficial for mental health when motivated by maintaining social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Buodo
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8277476
| | - Tania Moretta
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Vieri Giuliano Santucci
- Institute of Cognitive Science and Technologies (ISTC), National Research Council (CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Shubao Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT 06109, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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5
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Pe’er A, Slone M. Media Exposure to Armed Conflict: Dispositional Optimism and Self-Mastery Moderate Distress and Post-Traumatic Symptoms among Adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph191811216. [PMID: 36141487 PMCID: PMC9517387 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid technological developments enable the immediate transmission of armed conflict events through a variety of media channels, inducing mass anxiety, fear, and helplessness. Youth are particularly vulnerable and face new challenges as a result of this exposure. The effects of media exposure to such events on psychological distress and post-traumatic symptoms were examined. METHODS A total of 161 participants aged 13-18 years completed a questionnaire battery that included measures of media exposure to armed conflict events, previous direct exposure to armed conflict events, psychological distress, post-traumatic symptoms, dispositional optimism, and self-mastery. A structural equation model (SEM) approach was employed for data analysis. RESULTS The extent of media exposure to armed conflict was directly associated with psychological distress and post-traumatic symptoms. Dispositional optimism moderated the association between media exposure and psychological distress, while self-mastery moderated the association between media exposure and post-traumatic symptoms. The effects of the Internet factor of media exposure, which included social media, were particularly disturbing as neither of the resilience factors moderated negative outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that clinical interventions to enhance dispositional optimism and self-mastery as well as other potential resilience factors can protect adolescents from the severe effects of media exposure to violent armed conflict events. Developmental and public health implications related to vulnerabilities and resilience during adolescence are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Pe’er
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-548800184
| | - Michelle Slone
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya 4610101, Israel
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6
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Taurisano P, Lanciano T, Alfeo F, Bisceglie F, Monaco A, Sbordone FL, Abbatantuono C, Costadura S, Losole J, Ruggiero G, Iachini S, Vimercati L, Vacca A, De Caro MF, Curci A. The COVID-19 Stress Perceived on Social Distance and Gender-Based Implications. Front Psychol 2022; 13:846097. [PMID: 35615201 PMCID: PMC9126176 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.846097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented event entailing long-term consequences on population health and welfare. Those who contracted the coronavirus may have suffered from both physical and mental health issues that unfold the need for tailored intervention strategies. Hence, our study aims to investigate the psychological and social consequences of COVID-19 on a sample of 86 participants, encompassing 43 patients (clinical group; 25 women; mean age = 50.4 ± 10.1 years) recruited from Bari University Hospital, 19 of whom were hospitalized due to the disease. The remaining 43 were individuals not fallen ill with COVID-19 to date (control group; 25 women; mean age = 50.4 ± 10.1 years). The investigation yielded significant gender differences in post-traumatic stress symptoms, depression, and representation of interpersonal distance (IPD), evaluated through the IES-R, the BDI-II, and the IVAS task, respectively. This pattern of results was not replicated in the control group. In general, participants who reported having experienced the most intense post-traumatic symptoms also presented a greater mood deflection and, more specifically, within the clinical group women obtained the highest scores on both scales. Women reported higher IES-R and BDI-II scores compared to men, that could indicate that women who have contracted COVID-19 are more exposed to post-traumatic and depressive symptoms. Our results also showed a significant effect of COVID-19 on IPD with a tendency of disease-experienced individuals to increase their preferred IPD from adults, children, and elderly people. Regarding gender differences in mood and proxemic behavior, a correlation between depressive symptoms and probable PTSD and a further correlation between probable PTSD and greater IPD were found in women from both clinical and control group. Overall, these findings might contribute to a better understanding of gender-based implications of the current pandemic on mental health, also leading to the development of integrated yet personalized intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Taurisano
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Lanciano
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Alfeo
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy.,Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Bisceglie
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Alessia Monaco
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Abbatantuono
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Costadura
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Jolanda Losole
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ruggiero
- Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | - Santa Iachini
- Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | - Luigi Vimercati
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Occupational Health Division, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Fara De Caro
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Antonietta Curci
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
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7
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Machamer J, Temkin N, Dikmen S, Nelson LD, Barber J, Hwang P, Boase K, Stein MB, Sun X, Giacino J, McCrea MA, Taylor SR, Jain S, Manley G. Symptom Frequency and Persistence in the First Year after Traumatic Brain Injury: A TRACK-TBI Study. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:358-370. [PMID: 35078327 PMCID: PMC8892966 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Symptom endorsement after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common acutely post-injury and is associated with other adverse outcomes. Prevalence of persistent symptoms has been debated, especially in mild TBI (mTBI). A cohort of participants ≥17 years with TBI (n = 2039), 257 orthopedic trauma controls (OTCs), and 300 friend controls (FCs) were enrolled in the TRACK-TBI study and evaluated at 2 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months post-injury using the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ). TBI participants had significantly higher symptom burden than OTCs or FCs at all times, with average scores more than double. TBI cases showed significant decreases in RPQ score between each evaluation (p < 0.001), decreasing ∼1.7 points per month between 2 weeks and 3 months and 0.2 points per month after that. More than 50% of the TBI sample, including >50% of each of the mild and moderate/severe TBI subsamples, continued to endorse three or more symptoms as worse than pre-injury through 12 months post-injury. A majority of TBI participants who endorsed a symptom at 3 months or later did so at the next evaluation as well. Contrary to reviews that report symptom resolution by 3 months post-injury among those with mTBI, this study of participants treated at level 1 trauma centers and having a computed tomography ordered found that persistent symptoms are common to at least a year after TBI. Additionally, although symptom endorsement was not specific to TBI given that they were also reported by OTC and FC participants, TBI participants endorsed over twice the symptom burden compared with the other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Machamer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nancy Temkin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sureyya Dikmen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lindsay D Nelson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jason Barber
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Phillip Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kim Boase
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Murray B Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Biostatistics Research Center, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Joseph Giacino
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael A McCrea
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sabrina R Taylor
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sonia Jain
- Biostatistics Research Center, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Geoff Manley
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Zamir O, Bentley G, He Y. A Promotive Process of Resource Gain Against Harsh and Inconsistent Discipline in Mothers Coping With Breast Cancer: A Serial Mediation Model. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:859604. [PMID: 35782420 PMCID: PMC9243754 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.859604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a life-threatening disease and a source of enduring stress. The Family Stress Model posits that psychological distress provoked by stressful conditions may spill over and intensify harsh and inconsistent parental discipline. However, the Conservation of Resources theory posits that having more resources may lead to further resource gain, which may promote adaptive coping with adversities. Therefore, this study examined a serial mediation model in which financial resources (income) are predicted to be associated with more interpersonal resources (paternal involvement). The latter is expected to be linked with less maternal post-traumatic stress symptoms, which, in turn, should be associated with less harsh and inconsistent discipline in mothers coping with breast cancer. A sample of 100 Israeli mothers receiving breast cancer treatments was recruited through social media. The participants completed online self-report questionnaires. Structural Equation Modeling indicated significant serial mediation, in which a greater income level was associated with more paternal involvement, which was linked to a lower level of maternal post-traumatic symptoms. The latter, in turn, was associated with less harsh and inconsistent maternal discipline practices. We controlled for illness severity and the time since diagnosis, which did not predict maternal discipline practices. The study suggests that although breast cancer is a stressful condition for any family, having more financial resources can be a significant promotive factor predicting a cascading process by which paternal functioning facilitates better mental health of mothers, and, in turn, better maternal parenting practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osnat Zamir
- The Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gabriella Bentley
- The Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaliu He
- Social Work & Marriage and Family Therapy Department, Iona College, New Rochelle, NY, United States
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9
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Bergman YS, Maytles R, Frenkel-Yosef M, Shrira A. Activity engagement and psychological distress among Holocaust survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int Psychogeriatr 2021; 33:1289-96. [PMID: 34325768 DOI: 10.1017/S1041610221000910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic may pose a specific threat for Holocaust survivors, as such threats may be linked with increased psychological distress. Moreover, research has demonstrated that engaging in planful problem-solving activities is associated with reduced distress. Accordingly, we aimed to examine the link between engaging in activities during COVID-19 and psychological distress among Holocaust survivors with varying levels of post-traumatic symptoms (PTS) and comparisons (not directly exposed to the Holocaust). DESIGN A cross-sectional design composed of Holocaust survivors and a comparison group. SETTING Participants were interviewed face-to-face, over the telephone, or filled the scales online at their leisure. PARTICIPANTS Data were collected from 131 older Jewish Israelis (age range 76-94, M = 82.73, SD = 4.09), who were divided into three groups (comparisons; low-PTS survivors; high-PTS survivors). MEASUREMENTS Participants completed scales assessing PTS, activity engagement, and psychological distress and provided additional sociodemographic, medical, and COVID-19-related information. RESULTS When activity engagement was low, high-PTS survivors reported extremely high levels of psychological distress relative to low-PTS survivors and comparisons. However, when activity engagement was high, these group differences were considerably reduced, as the psychological distress of high-PTS survivors was significantly lower. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the importance of daily planning and activity engagement for Holocaust survivors with high PTS levels in reducing psychological distress. Clinicians are urged to take this factor into account when dealing with the psychological effects of COVID-19 on survivors and on traumatized older adults in general.
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10
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Xing G, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Adamson MM, Furst AJ, Ashford JW. Editorial: Evidence-Based Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Hypoperfusion and Anti-Anxiety/Insomnia Therapies Show Promises for TBI-Induced Post-Traumatic Symptoms and Cognitive Deficits: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of TBI-Induced Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Deficits. Front Neurol 2021; 12:695629. [PMID: 34456851 PMCID: PMC8385432 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.695629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Xing
- Affiliated Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China.,Lotus Biotech.com LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, United States.,School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Maheen Mausoof Adamson
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Ansgar J Furst
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - John Wesson Ashford
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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Aguglia A, Amerio A, Costanza A, Parodi N, Copello F, Serafini G, Amore M. Hopelessness and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms among Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Any Role for Mediating Variables? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18126579. [PMID: 34207303 PMCID: PMC8296351 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has many psychological consequences for the population, ranging from anxious-depressive symptoms and insomnia to complex post-traumatic syndromes. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the mental well-being of healthcare workers, focusing on the association between hopelessness, death anxiety, and post-traumatic symptomatology. Eight hundred forty-two healthcare workers were recruited between 21 March 2020 and 15 May 2020. A specific questionnaire was administered to assess socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, together with psychometric scales: Beck Hopelessness Scale, Death Anxiety Scale (DAS), and Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS). Respondents with hopelessness scored higher in the DAS and DTS than respondents without hopelessness. Furthermore, death anxiety was identified as a potential mediator of the significant association between hopelessness and post-traumatic symptomatology. The impact of death anxiety should be recognized in vulnerable populations, such as frontline healthcare workers. Therefore, pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies could be useful to attenuate the negative psychological consequences and reduce the burden worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Aguglia
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.A.); (N.P.); (G.S.); (M.A.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-353-7665
| | - Andrea Amerio
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.A.); (N.P.); (G.S.); (M.A.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Costanza
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva (UNIGE), 1206 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Nicolò Parodi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.A.); (N.P.); (G.S.); (M.A.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Francesco Copello
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Serafini
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.A.); (N.P.); (G.S.); (M.A.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Mario Amore
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.A.); (N.P.); (G.S.); (M.A.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
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Carballo JL, Coloma-Carmona A, Arteseros-Bañón S, Pérez-Jover V. The Moderating Role of Caregiving on Fear of COVID-19 and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:6125. [PMID: 34204088 PMCID: PMC8201199 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Caregiving has been associated with increased levels of fear and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) during COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a lack of studies that analyze when the relationship between fear and PTSS occur, using informal caregiving as a moderator variable. To explore this moderating role, we conducted a cross-sectional online study between November 2020 and January 2021. A total of 503 men and women from the Spanish general population completed the survey. Sociodemographic and Covid-19-related data, fear of COVID-19, PTSS symptoms, and current psychological history were assessed. Prevalence of informal caregiving in the sample was 16.5%. Increased levels of fear and PTSS were found in caregivers compared to non-caregivers. Female gender and high number of COVID-19 related risk factors was also associated with fear and PTSS severity. The moderation analyses showed an interaction effect between caregiving and fear of COVID-19 when predicting PTSS symptoms. Particularly, results showed that informal caregivers reported greater PTSS symptoms, when compared to non-caregivers with same levels of fear of COVID-19. This evidence suggests that being a caregiver could increase the fear's impact on PTSS severity in the context of pandemics. Further studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Carballo
- Center for Applied Psychology, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain; (S.A.-B.); (V.P.-J.)
| | - Ainhoa Coloma-Carmona
- Center for Applied Psychology, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain; (S.A.-B.); (V.P.-J.)
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Gori A, Topino E. Across the COVID-19 Waves; Assessing Temporal Fluctuations in Perceived Stress, Post-Traumatic Symptoms, Worry, Anxiety and Civic Moral Disengagement over One Year of Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:5651. [PMID: 34070478 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the psychological effect of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy by analysing the trends of perceived stress, post-traumatic symptoms, state anxiety, worry, and civic moral disengagement in four different moments from March 2020 to March 2021. The study involved a total of 1827 Italian participants (30% men and 70% women; Mage = 34.72; SD = 12.40) divided into four groups to which an online survey was administered. The first group completed the survey in March 2020, the second one in August 2020, the third one in November 2020, and the fourth one in March 2021. Results highlighted significant decreases in post-traumatic symptoms and a significant increase in civic moral disengagement over the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The levels of perceived stress, worry, and state anxiety remained constant. The correlations between the variables at different times were also explored, as well as gender differences over the year. The COVID-19 emergency has had significant effects on the mental state of the population, with important repercussions for individual and collective well-being during but probably also after the pandemic. This study offers a clear snapshot of the psychological outcomes over one COVID-19 pandemic year, providing important information that may contribute to tailor more effective interventions for mental health.
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Duren R, Yalçın Ö. Social capital and mental health problems among Syrian refugee adolescents: The mediating roles of perceived social support and post-traumatic symptoms. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2021; 67:243-250. [PMID: 32715849 DOI: 10.1177/0020764020945355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social capital is one of the prominent components of refugee mental health. However, its role on mental health is poorly understood. AIMS The aim of the present study was to investigate the nature of the association between social capital and mental health problems in refugee adolescents. METHOD A cross-sectional study with three hundred twenty-one 12- to 18-year-old Syrian refugee adolescents was conducted in Turkey. We administered the Arabic versions of the following instruments in school settings: The Social Trust, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), The Children's Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-8) and The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). RESULTS The mediation analyses with Hayes' PROCESS Macro revealed that perceived social support and the intensity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms fully mediated the relationship between social capital and mental health problems. CONCLUSION The results suggested social trust's two distinct functions which impair the likelihood of mental health problems: (a) social trust might help to facilitate perceived social support from family and friends and (b) social trust might impair the intensity of traumatic experiences.
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Conti C, Fontanesi L, Lanzara R, Rosa I, Doyle RL, Porcelli P. Burnout Status of Italian Healthcare Workers during the First COVID-19 Pandemic Peak Period. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:510. [PMID: 33925215 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9050510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has burdened extraordinary psychological stress on the healthcare workforce. The present survey aimed to examine the personal resources and psychological symptoms associated with burnout in 933 healthcare workers in Italy during the COVID-19 outbreak period. Sociodemographic and occupational data, depression, anxiety, burnout, and post-traumatic symptoms, as well as psychological well-being, were cross-sectional assessed through an online questionnaire. A considerable part of the sample scored over the clinical levels of depression (57.9%), anxiety (65.2%), post-traumatic symptoms (55%), and burnout (25.61%). Working in the front-line (p < 0.05), being part of the medical staff (p < 0.05), experiencing lower levels of psychological well-being (p < 0.001), and higher levels of post-traumatic symptoms (p < 0.001) independently explained 38% of burnout variance. The healthcare industry, services, and professionals should be aware of the harmful effects of COVID-19 on healthcare workers and take adequate preventive measures.
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Gori A, Topino E, Sette A, Cramer H. Pathways to post-traumatic growth in cancer patients: moderated mediation and single mediation analyses with resilience, personality, and coping strategies. J Affect Disord 2021; 279:692-700. [PMID: 33190121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer diagnosis is a potentially traumatic experience, which could generate significant long-lasting emotional distress, but also positive changes linked to post-traumatic growth (PTG). This study aimed to analyze the role of resilience, coping, and personality in determining PTG or post-traumatic symptoms, and to test a moderated mediation model and a single mediation model in a sample of individuals diagnosed with cancer. METHODS A sample of 154 individuals diagnosed with cancer (Mage = 51.4, SD = 11.25) completed the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory, Impact of Event Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Ten Item Personality Inventory, and Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced after providing written informed consent. RESULTS Results showed that the impact of resilience in PTG is partially mediated by positive attitude, with a significant and negative moderating effect of openness on the relationship between resilience and positive attitude. Furthermore, resilience negatively predicted the impact of trauma, with a partial mediation of avoidance strategies. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional nature of the study, the use of only self-report measures, heterogeneity of the sample, and the risk of influence of unobserved prognostic variables should be kept in mind while interpreting the results. CONCLUSIONS The findings showed that the level of resilience predicted PTG or post-traumatic symptoms, both directly and indirectly, with different coping strategies as mediators. Furthermore, the lower the level of openness reported by participants, the higher the resilience induced by positive attitude. These findings may significantly contribute toward tailoring interventions for improving the mental health of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gori
- Department of Health Sciences - University of Florence; Department of Human Sciences - LUMSA University of Rome; Integrated Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Institute (IPPI) - Florence.
| | - E Topino
- Department of Human Sciences - LUMSA University of Rome
| | - A Sette
- Department of Human Sciences - LUMSA University of Rome
| | - H Cramer
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Evang, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Fung HW, Chan C, Ross CA. A Web-based Psychoeducation Program for People with Pathological Dissociation: Development and Pilot Testing. J Evid Based Soc Work (2019) 2020; 17:427-442. [PMID: 32410503 DOI: 10.1080/26408066.2020.1760990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although people with pathological dissociation (PD) can benefit from specific interventions, there are challenges in providing suitable interventions for them in the field (e.g., high cost, lack of specialized services, stigma). Many people with PD cannot receive dissociation-focused services in their current service locations. It is important to develop easily-accessible interventions that can support people with PD, especially for those who cannot access dissociation-specific treatment. The authors developed a web-based psychoeducation program to support people with PD, and examined its feasibility and acceptability. METHOD A single-group pretest-posttest pilot study was conducted. RESULTS Findings showed that most of the intended psychosocial outcomes were achieved as planned, which initially proved the feasibility and acceptability of the program. DISCUSSION This is one of the first studies that report the use of web-based interventions to support people with PD, especially those who are in the early stages of recovery. The findings suggest that information and communication technology can contribute to different aspects of clinical practice, including recruitment, engagement, assessment and interventions. Further discussion and research are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang Fung
- The Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Chitat Chan
- The Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Colin A Ross
- The Colin A. Ross Institute for Psychological Trauma , Richardson, Texas, USA
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Konijn C, Colonnesi C, Kroneman L, Liefferink N, Lindauer RJL, Stams GJJM. 'Caring for children who have experienced trauma' - an evaluation of a training for foster parents. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2020; 11:1756563. [PMID: 33029302 PMCID: PMC7473239 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1756563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foster children, mostly maltreated in their birth families, may be fostered by parents who know little about the impact of traumatic experiences. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated whether the training Caring for Children who Have Experienced Trauma for foster parents can break the negative circle of traumatic stress. The hypothesis was that improvement in parents' knowledge on trauma and mind-mindedness would be associated with a reduction of their parenting stress, children's post-traumatic stress symptoms, and behaviour problems. METHOD Forty-eight foster parents (n female = 35) participated in a pre-test (T1), post-test (T2), and follow-up (T3) assessment. Questionnaires on knowledge on trauma, parenting stress, child post-traumatic stress symptoms, the child's behaviour, and the evaluation of the training were administered. Parents' mind-mindedness was assessed using the describe-your-child interview. RESULTS Foster parents highly appreciated the training, their knowledge on child trauma increased at T2 and this growth persisted at T3. The parents who gained most knowledge experienced a small decrease in parenting stress at T2. Although the general mind-mindedness did not significantly change, foster parents' mind-mindedness with positive valence substantially increased at T2 and T3, while their mind-mindedness with neutral valence decreased. Foster parents' report on child PTSS declined at T3 compared to T2, but not compared to T1. No changes were found in children's behaviour as reported by the foster parents. The proportion of foster children receiving trauma-focused treatment increased at T2 and T3. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that training in trauma-informed parenting can be effective in improving foster parents' knowledge on the impact of traumatic experiences and in increasing a positive mental representation of their foster child as well as in reducing children's post-traumatic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Colonnesi
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Priority Area Yield, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leoniek Kroneman
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Noortje Liefferink
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ramón J. L. Lindauer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre & De Bascule, Academic Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan J. M. Stams
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Greenblatt Kimron L, Marai I, Lorber A, Cohen M. The long-term effects of early-life trauma on psychological, physical and physiological health among the elderly: the study of Holocaust survivors. Aging Ment Health 2019; 23:1340-1349. [PMID: 30621428 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1523880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To study post-traumatic stress symptoms and post-traumatic growth and heart rate variability among elderly Holocaust survivors and a matched comparison group and the mediational effect of post-traumatic stress symptoms and post-traumatic growth on the association between Holocaust experience and heart rate variability. Method: 159 Holocaust survivors and 87 matched participants without Holocaust experience answered post-traumatic stress symptoms and post-traumatic growth questionnaires. Heart rate variability time and frequency parameters were measured for a subsample of N = 133. Results: Holocaust survivors reported higher levels of post-traumatic stress symptoms and post-traumatic growth. Most heart rate variability measures were similar in the two groups, except for better heart rate variability measured by the ratio of low frequency/high frequency among Holocaust survivors. Structural equation modeling showed that belonging to the Holocaust survivor group was associated with higher post-traumatic stress symptoms and higher post-traumatic growth, as well as better heart rate variability scores (standard deviation of normal to normal R-R intervals, high frequency and the ratio of low frequency/high frequency) through the mediation of post-traumatic stress symptoms and post-traumatic growth. Conclusions: The study emphasized the duality of the association between post-traumatic stress symptoms and post-traumatic growth and their integrated effect on heart rate variability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibrahim Marai
- b Cardiovascular Department, Baruch Padeh Medical Center , Poriya , Israel
| | - Abraham Lorber
- c Pediatric Cardiology, Rambam Health Care Campus , Haifa , Israel
| | - Miri Cohen
- d School of Social Work, University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel
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Roditi E, Bodas M, Jaffe E, Knobler HY, Adini B. Impact of Stressful Events on Motivations, Self-Efficacy, and Development of Post-Traumatic Symptoms among Youth Volunteers in Emergency Medical Services. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E1613. [PMID: 31071966 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades, Israeli emergency medical services (EMS) personnel has been exposed to different potentially traumatic events, including mass terror attacks. The aims of the present study were to identify how potentially traumatic events affect young volunteers in their motivation to volunteer and their perceived self-efficacy while being at risk of developing post-traumatic symptoms. The final sample included 236 Magen David Adom (MDA, the "Israeli Red Cross") youth volunteers. The study evaluated their motivational factors for volunteering, perceived self-efficacy, participation in potentially traumatic events, and post-traumatic symptoms. Over two-thirds of the volunteers participated in a traumatic event on duty. Volunteers who were involved in potentially stressful events scored higher levels of post-traumatic symptoms, though still very low and subclinical. Nonetheless, participating in stressful events contributed to an increased sense of self-efficacy. No difference in post-traumatic symptom levels was observed between volunteers who partook in mass casualty incidents and those who did not. The results demonstrate that MDA youth volunteers may mostly benefit from participating in situations requiring the administration of emergency medicine, even stressful ones. They may help to find ways to empower the volunteers and increase their resilience.
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Gärtner A, Behnke A, Conrad D, Kolassa IT, Rojas R. Emotion Regulation in Rescue Workers: Differential Relationship With Perceived Work-Related Stress and Stress-Related Symptoms. Front Psychol 2019; 9:2744. [PMID: 30687192 PMCID: PMC6335291 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rescue workers are exposed to enduring emotional distress, as they are confronted with (potentially) traumatic mission events and chronic work-related stress. Thus, regulating negative emotions seems to be crucial to withstand the work-related strain. This cross-sectional study investigated the influence of six emotion regulation strategies (i.e., rumination, suppression, avoidance, reappraisal, acceptance, and problem solving) on perceived work-related stress and stress-related depressive, post-traumatic, and somatic symptoms in a representative sample of 102 German rescue workers. Multiple regression analyses identified rumination and suppression to be associated with more work-related stress and stress-related symptoms. Acceptance was linked to fewer symptoms and, rather unexpectedly, avoidance was linked to less work-related stress. No effects were observed for reappraisal and problem solving. Our findings confirm the dysfunctional role of rumination and suppression for the mental and physical health of high-risk populations and advance the debate on the context-specific efficacy of emotion regulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gärtner
- Differential and Personality Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Behnke
- Differential and Personality Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniela Conrad
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Clinical and Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Iris-Tatjana Kolassa
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Roberto Rojas
- Universitary Psychotherapeutic Outpatient Clinic, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Dikmen S, Machamer J, Temkin N. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Longitudinal Study of Cognition, Functional Status, and Post-Traumatic Symptoms. J Neurotrauma 2016; 34:1524-1530. [PMID: 27785968 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 75% of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) seeking medical attention are mild, and outcome in that group is heterogeneous. Until sensitive and valid biomarkers are identified, methods are needed to classify mild TBI into more homogeneous subgroups. Four hundred twenty-one adults with mild TBI were divided into groups based on Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 13-15 without computed tomography (CT) abnormalities, GCS 15 with CT abnormalities, and GCS 13-14 with CT abnormalities, and were compared with 120 trauma controls on 1-month and 1-year outcomes. At 1 month post-injury, almost all neuropsychological variables differed significantly among the groups. Compared with trauma controls, the GCS 13-15 CT normal group showed no significant differences on any neuropsychological measure or Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). The GCS 15 CT abnormal group performed significantly worse on only a measure of episodic memory and learning (Selective Reminding Recall [SRCL]) and GOS, and the GCS 13-14 CT abnormal group performed significantly worse on most neuropsychological measures and GOS. At 1 year post-injury, except for an isolated difficulty on SRCL in the GCS 13-14 CT abnormal group, no differences were observed on any neuropsychological measures nor on GOS. Mean percent of total post-traumatic symptoms endorsed as new or worse and percent endorsing three or more symptoms differed significantly (p < 0.001), with each TBI subgroup reporting significantly more symptoms than the trauma controls at both 1 month and 1 year. In conclusion, this subgrouping improves granularity within mild TBI. While most neuropsychological and functional differences abate by 1 year, reporting three or more post-traumatic symptoms remain for about half of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureyya Dikmen
- 1 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.,2 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.,3 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Joan Machamer
- 1 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Nancy Temkin
- 1 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.,3 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.,4 Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
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