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Feng M, Chen Y, Chen J, Guo W, Zhao P, Zhang C, Shan X, Chen H, Xu M, Lu R. Stachydrine hydrochloride protects the ischemic heart by ameliorating endoplasmic reticulum stress through a SERCA2a dependent way and maintaining intracellular Ca 2+ homeostasis. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 973:176585. [PMID: 38636799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanism of action of stachydrine hydrochloride (Sta) against myocardial infarction (MI) through sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum stress-related injury. The targets of Sta against MI were screened using network pharmacology. C57BL/6 J mice after MI were treated with saline, Sta (6 or 12 mg kg-1) for 2 weeks, and adult mouse and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (AMCMs and NRCMs) were incubated with Sta (10-4-10-6 M) under normoxia or hypoxia for 2 or 12 h, respectively. Echocardiography, Evans blue, and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining were used for morphological and functional analyses. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), unfolded protein reaction (UPR), apoptosis signals, cardiomyocyte contraction, and Ca2+ flux were detected using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), western blotting, immunofluorescence, and sarcomere and Fluo-4 tracing. The ingredient-disease-pathway-target network revealed targets of Sta against MI were related to apoptosis, Ca2+ homeostasis and ERS. Both dosages of Sta improved heart function, decreased infarction size, and potentially increased the survival rate. Sta directly alleviated ERS and UPR and elicited less apoptosis in the border myocardium and hypoxic NRCMs. Furthermore, Sta upregulated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) in both ischaemic hearts and hypoxic NRCMs, accompanied by restored sarcomere shortening, resting intracellular Ca2+, and Ca2+ reuptake time constants (Tau) in Sta-treated hypoxic ARCMs. However, 2,5-di-t-butyl-1,4-benzohydroquinone (BHQ) (25 μM), a specific SERCA inhibitor, totally abolished the beneficial effect of Sta in hypoxic cardiomyocytes. Sta protects the heart from MI by upregulating SERCA2a to maintain intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, thus alleviating ERS-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Feng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwen Chen
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingzhi Chen
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Shan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihua Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Xu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Rong Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Lou S, Zhu W, Yu T, Zhang Q, Wang M, Jin L, Xiong Y, Xu J, Wang Q, Chen G, Liang G, Hu X, Luo W. Compound SJ-12 attenuates streptozocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy by stabilizing SERCA2a. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167140. [PMID: 38548092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is one of the major causes of death among diabetic patients. Although studies have shown that curcumin analog C66 can remarkably relieve diabetes-associated cardiovascular and kidney complications, the role of SJ-12, SJ-12, a novel curcumin analog, in diabetic cardiomyopathy and its molecular targets are unknown. 7-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with single streptozotocin (STZ) (160 mg/kg) to develop diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). The diabetic mice were then treated with SJ-12 via gavage for two months. Body weight, fast blood glucose, cardiac utrasonography, myocardial injury markers, pathological morphology of the heart, hypertrophic and fibrotic markers were assessed. The potential target of SJ-12 was evaluated via RNA-sequencing analysis. The O-GlcNAcylation levels of SP1 were detected via immunoprecipitation. SJ-12 effectively suppressed myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, thereby preventing heart dysfunction in mice with STZ-induced heart failure. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that SJ-12 exerted its therapeutic effects through the modulation of the calcium signaling pathway. Furthermore, SJ-12 reduced the O-GlcNAcylation levels of SP1 by inhibiting O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). Also, SJ-12 stabilized Sarcoplasmic/Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase 2a (SERCA2a), a crucial regulator of calcium homeostasis, thus reducing hypertrophy and fibrosis in mouse hearts and cultured cardiomyocytes. However, the anti-fibrotic effects of SJ-12 were not detected in SERCA2a or OGT-silenced cardiomyocytes, indicating that SJ-12 can prevent DCM by targeting OGT-dependent O-GlcNAcylation of SP1.These findings indicate that SJ-12 can exert cardioprotective effects in STZ-induced mice by reducing the O-GlcNAcylation levels of SP1, thus stabilizing SERCA2a and reducing myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy. Therefore, SJ-12 can be used for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaijie Lou
- Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Tianxiang Yu
- Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qianhui Zhang
- Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Minxiu Wang
- Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Leiming Jin
- Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yongqiang Xiong
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jiachen Xu
- Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qinyan Wang
- Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Gaozhi Chen
- Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China.
| | - Xiang Hu
- Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Wu Luo
- Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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3
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Cao B, Kong H, Shen C, She G, Tian S, Liu H, Cui L, Zhang Y, He Q, Xia Q, Liu K. Dimethyl phthalate induced cardiovascular developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos by regulating MAPK and calcium signaling pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171902. [PMID: 38521262 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), the lowest-molecular-weight phthalate ester (PAE), is one of the most commonly detected persistent organic pollutants in the environment, but its toxic effects, especially cardiovascular developmental toxicity, are largely unknown. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to sublethal concentrations of DMP from 4 to 96 hpf. Our results showed that DMP treatment induced yolk retention, pericardial edema, and swim bladder deficiency, as well as increased SV-BA distance and decreased heart rate, stroke volume, ventricular axis shortening rate and ejection fraction. In addition, oxidative stress and apoptosis were found to be highly involved in this process. The results of transcriptome sequencing and mRNA expression of related genes indicated that MAPK and calcium signaling pathways were perturbed by DMP. These findings have the potential to provide new insights into the potential developmental toxicity and cardiovascular disease risk of DMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianneng Cao
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Haotian Kong
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Chuanlin Shen
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Gaimei She
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Shuimiao Tian
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Haojie Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Lishuang Cui
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Qiuxia He
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250103, China.
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250103, China.
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4
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Márquez-Nogueras KM, Bovo E, Neczypor JE, Cao Q, Zima AV, Kuo IY. Utilization of the genetically encoded calcium indicator Salsa6F in cardiac applications. Cell Calcium 2024; 119:102873. [PMID: 38537433 PMCID: PMC11018326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Calcium signaling is a critical process required for cellular mechanisms such as cardiomyocyte contraction. The inability of the cell to properly activate or regulate calcium signaling can lead to contractile dysfunction. In isolated cardiomyocytes, calcium signaling has been primarily studied using calcium fluorescent dyes, however these dyes have limited applicability to whole organs. Here, we crossed the Salsa6f mouse which expresses a genetically encoded ratiometric cytosolic calcium indicator with a cardiomyocyte specific inducible cre to temporally-induce expression and studied cytosolic calcium transients in isolated cardiomyocytes and modified Langendorff heart preparations. Isolated cardiomyocytes expressing Salsa6f or Fluo-4AM loaded were compared. We also crossed the Salsa6f mouse with a floxed Polycystin 2 (PC2) mouse to test the feasibility of using the Salsa6f mouse to measure calcium transients in PC2 heterozygous or homozygous knock out mice. Although there are caveats in the applicability of the Salsa6f mouse, there are clear advantages to using the Salsa6f mouse to measure whole heart calcium signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla M Márquez-Nogueras
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Elisa Bovo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Jacy E Neczypor
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Quan Cao
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Aleksey V Zima
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Ivana Y Kuo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL, USA.
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5
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Cao J, Wei Z, Nie Y, Chen HZ. Therapeutic potential of alternative splicing in cardiovascular diseases. EBioMedicine 2024; 101:104995. [PMID: 38350330 PMCID: PMC10874720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.104995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA splicing is an important RNA processing step required by multiexon protein-coding mRNAs and some noncoding RNAs. Precise RNA splicing is required for maintaining gene and cell function; however, mis-spliced RNA transcripts can lead to loss- or gain-of-function effects in human diseases. Mis-spliced RNAs induced by gene mutations or the dysregulation of splicing regulators may result in frameshifts, nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), or inclusion/exclusion of exons. Genetic animal models have characterised multiple splicing factors required for cardiac development or function. Moreover, sarcomeric and ion channel genes, which are closely associated with cardiovascular function and disease, are hotspots for AS. Here, we summarise splicing factors and their targets that are associated with cardiovascular diseases, introduce some therapies potentially related to pathological AS targets, and raise outstanding questions and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China; University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Ziyu Wei
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Medical Epigenetics Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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6
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Seal S, Spjuth O, Hosseini-Gerami L, García-Ortegón M, Singh S, Bender A, Carpenter AE. Insights into Drug Cardiotoxicity from Biological and Chemical Data: The First Public Classifiers for FDA Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity Rank. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:1172-1186. [PMID: 38300851 PMCID: PMC10900289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Drug-induced cardiotoxicity (DICT) is a major concern in drug development, accounting for 10-14% of postmarket withdrawals. In this study, we explored the capabilities of chemical and biological data to predict cardiotoxicity, using the recently released DICTrank data set from the United States FDA. We found that such data, including protein targets, especially those related to ion channels (e.g., hERG), physicochemical properties (e.g., electrotopological state), and peak concentration in plasma offer strong predictive ability for DICT. Compounds annotated with mechanisms of action such as cyclooxygenase inhibition could distinguish between most-concern and no-concern DICT. Cell Painting features for ER stress discerned most-concern cardiotoxic from nontoxic compounds. Models based on physicochemical properties provided substantial predictive accuracy (AUCPR = 0.93). With the availability of omics data in the future, using biological data promises enhanced predictability and deeper mechanistic insights, paving the way for safer drug development. All models from this study are available at https://broad.io/DICTrank_Predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijit Seal
- Imaging
Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Ola Spjuth
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box
591, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Layla Hosseini-Gerami
- Ignota
Labs, The Bradfield Centre, Cambridge Science Park, County Hall, Westminster Bridge Road, Cambridge CB4 0GA, U.K.
| | - Miguel García-Ortegón
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Shantanu Singh
- Imaging
Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Andreas Bender
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Anne E. Carpenter
- Imaging
Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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7
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Kavalenia TA, Lapshina EA, Ilyich TV, Zhao HC, Zavodnik IB. Functional activity and morphology of isolated rat cardiac mitochondria under calcium overload. Effect of naringin. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04935-z. [PMID: 38332449 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04935-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The function of mitochondria as a regulator of myocyte calcium homeostasis has been extensively discussed. The aim of the present work was further clarification of the details of modulation of the functional activity of rat cardiac mitochondria by exogenous Ca2+ ions either in the absence or in the presence of the plant flavonoid naringin. Low free Ca2+ concentrations (40-250 nM) effectively inhibited the respiratory activity of heart mitochondria, remaining unaffected the efficacy of oxygen consumption. In the presence of high exogenous Ca2+ ion concentrations (Ca2+ free was 550 µM), we observed a dramatic increase in mitochondrial heterogeneity in size and electron density, which was related to calcium-induced opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pores (MPTP) and membrane depolarization (Ca2+free ions were from 150 to 750 µM). Naringin partially prevented Ca2+-induced cardiac mitochondrial morphological transformations (200 µM) and dose-dependently inhibited the respiratory activity of mitochondria (10-75 µM) in the absence or in the presence of calcium ions. Our data suggest that naringin (75 µM) promoted membrane potential dissipation, diminishing the potential-dependent accumulation of calcium ions by mitochondria and inhibiting calcium-induced MPTP formation. The modulating effect of the flavonoid on Ca2+-induced mitochondria alterations may be attributed to the weak-acidic nature of the flavonoid and its protonophoric/ionophoric properties. Our results show that the sensitivity of rat heart mitochondria to Ca2+ ions was much lower in the case of MPTP opening and much higher in the case of respiration inhibition as compared to liver mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Kavalenia
- Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Bulvar Leninskogo Komsomola, 5, 230009, Grodno, Belarus
| | - E A Lapshina
- Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Bulvar Leninskogo Komsomola, 5, 230009, Grodno, Belarus
| | - T V Ilyich
- Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Bulvar Leninskogo Komsomola, 5, 230009, Grodno, Belarus
| | - Hu-Cheng Zhao
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - I B Zavodnik
- Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Bulvar Leninskogo Komsomola, 5, 230009, Grodno, Belarus.
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8
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Ku T, Hu J, Zhou M, Xie Y, Liu Y, Tan X, Guo L, Li G, Sang N. Cardiac energy metabolism disorder mediated by energy substrate imbalance and mitochondrial damage upon tebuconazole exposure. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 136:270-278. [PMID: 37923437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Tebuconazole exposure has been described as an increasing hazard to human health. An increasing number of recent studies have shown a positive association between tebuconazole exposure and cardiovascular disease risk, which is characterized by the reduction of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. However, researches on the damage of tebuconazole exposure to energy metabolism and the related molecular mechanisms are limited. In the present study, male C57BL/6 mice were treated with tebuconazole at different low concentrations for 4 weeks. The results indicated that tebuconazole could accumulate in the heart and further induce the decrease of ATP content in the mouse heart. Importantly, tebuconazole induced an obvious shift in substrate utilization of fatty acid and glucose by disrupting their corresponding transporters (GLUT1, GLUT4, CD36, FABP3 and FATP1) expression, and significantly repressed the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis (Gabpa and Tfam) and oxidative phosphorylation (CS, Ndufa4, Sdhb, Cox5a and Atp5b) related genes in a dose-dependent manner. Further investigation revealed that these alterations were related to the IRS1/AKT and PPARγ/RXRα pathways. These findings contribute to a better understanding of triazole fungicide-induced cardiovascular disease by revealing the key indicators associated with this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ku
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jindong Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xin Tan
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lin Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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9
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Ananthamohan K, Stelzer JE, Sadayappan S. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in MYBPC3 carriers in aging. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2024; 4:9. [PMID: 38406555 PMCID: PMC10883298 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2023.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by abnormal thickening of the myocardium, leading to arrhythmias, heart failure, and elevated risk of sudden cardiac death, particularly among the young. This inherited disease is predominantly caused by mutations in sarcomeric genes, among which those in the cardiac myosin binding protein-C3 (MYBPC3) gene are major contributors. HCM associated with MYBPC3 mutations usually presents in the elderly and ranges from asymptomatic to symptomatic forms, affecting numerous cardiac functions and presenting significant health risks with a spectrum of clinical manifestations. Regulation of MYBPC3 expression involves various transcriptional and translational mechanisms, yet the destiny of mutant MYBPC3 mRNA and protein in late-onset HCM remains unclear. Pathogenesis related to MYBPC3 mutations includes nonsense-mediated decay, alternative splicing, and ubiquitin-proteasome system events, leading to allelic imbalance and haploinsufficiency. Aging further exacerbates the severity of HCM in carriers of MYBPC3 mutations. Advancements in high-throughput omics techniques have identified crucial molecular events and regulatory disruptions in cardiomyocytes expressing MYBPC3 variants. This review assesses the pathogenic mechanisms that promote late-onset HCM through the lens of transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modulation of MYBPC3, underscoring its significance in HCM across carriers. The review also evaluates the influence of aging on these processes and MYBPC3 levels during HCM pathogenesis in the elderly. While pinpointing targets for novel medical interventions to conserve cardiac function remains challenging, the emergence of personalized omics offers promising avenues for future HCM treatments, particularly for late-onset cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Ananthamohan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Julian E. Stelzer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 45267, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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10
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Che Z, O'Donovan S, Xiao X, Wan X, Chen G, Zhao X, Zhou Y, Yin J, Chen J. Implantable Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Self-Powered Cardiovascular Healthcare. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207600. [PMID: 36759957 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have gained significant traction in recent years in the bioengineering community. With the potential for expansive applications for biomedical use, many individuals and research groups have furthered their studies on the topic, in order to gain an understanding of how TENGs can contribute to healthcare. More specifically, there have been a number of recent studies focusing on implantable triboelectric nanogenerators (I-TENGs) toward self-powered cardiac systems healthcare. In this review, the progression of implantable TENGs for self-powered cardiovascular healthcare, including self-powered cardiac monitoring devices, self-powered therapeutic devices, and power sources for cardiac pacemakers, will be systematically reviewed. Long-term expectations of these implantable TENG devices through their biocompatibility and other utilization strategies will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Che
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sarah O'Donovan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xiao Wan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Guorui Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xun Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yihao Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Junyi Yin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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11
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Seal S, Spjuth O, Hosseini-Gerami L, García-Ortegón M, Singh S, Bender A, Carpenter AE. Insights into Drug Cardiotoxicity from Biological and Chemical Data: The First Public Classifiers for FDA DICTrank. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.15.562398. [PMID: 37905146 PMCID: PMC10614794 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.15.562398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced cardiotoxicity (DICT) is a major concern in drug development, accounting for 10-14% of postmarket withdrawals. In this study, we explored the capabilities of various chemical and biological data to predict cardiotoxicity, using the recently released Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity Rank (DICTrank) dataset from the United States FDA. We analyzed a diverse set of data sources, including physicochemical properties, annotated mechanisms of action (MOA), Cell Painting, Gene Expression, and more, to identify indications of cardiotoxicity. We found that such data, including protein targets, especially those related to ion channels (such as hERG), physicochemical properties (such as electrotopological state) as well as peak concentration in plasma offer strong predictive ability as well as valuable insights into DICT. We also found compounds annotated with particular mechanisms of action, such as cyclooxygenase inhibition, could distinguish between most-concern and no-concern DICT compounds. Cell Painting features related to ER stress discern the most-concern cardiotoxic compounds from non-toxic compounds. While models based on physicochemical properties currently provide substantial predictive accuracy (AUCPR = 0.93), this study also underscores the potential benefits of incorporating more comprehensive biological data in future DICT predictive models. With the availability of - omics data in the future, using biological data promises enhanced predictability and delivers deeper mechanistic insights, paving the way for safer therapeutic drug development. All models and data used in this study are publicly released at https://broad.io/DICTrank_Predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijit Seal
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, US
| | - Ola Spjuth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | | | | | - Shantanu Singh
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, US
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12
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Henriquez E, Hernandez EA, Mundla SR, Wankhade DH, Saad M, Ketha SS, Penke Y, Martinez GC, Ahmed FS, Hussain MS. Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia and Gene Therapy: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Cureus 2023; 15:e47974. [PMID: 38034271 PMCID: PMC10686237 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is an inherited channelopathy. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostics, genetic mutations, standard treatment, and the emergence of potential gene therapy. This inherited cardiac arrhythmia presents in a bimodal distribution with no association between sex or ethnicity. Six different CPVT genes have been identified, however, most of the cases are related to a heterozygous, gain-of-function mutation on the ryanodine receptor-2 gene (RyR2) and calsequestrin-2 gene (CASQ2) that causes delayed after-depolarization. The diagnosis is clinically based, seen in patients presenting with syncope after exercise or stress-related emotions, as well as cardiac arrest with full recovery or even sudden cardiac death. Standard treatment relies on beta-blockers, with add-on therapy, flecainide, and cardiac sympathetic denervation as second-line treatments. An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator is indicated for patients who have suffered a cardiac arrest. Potential gene therapy has emerged in the last 20 years and accelerated because of associated viral vector application in increasing the efficiency of prolonged cardiac gene expression. Nevertheless, human trials for gene therapy for CPVT have been limited as the population is rare, and an excessive amount of funding is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Henriquez
- Miscellaneous, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Ciencias Medicas, Las Tunas, CUB
| | - Edwin A Hernandez
- Miscellaneous, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de El Salvador, San Salvador, SLV
| | - Sravya R Mundla
- Internal Medicine, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, IND
| | | | - Muhammad Saad
- Internal Medicine, Fatima Memorial College (FMH) of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore, PAK
| | - Sagar S Ketha
- Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Srikakulam, IND
| | - Yasaswini Penke
- Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Srikakulam, IND
| | - Gabriela C Martinez
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Honduras, San Pedro Sula, HND
| | - Faiza S Ahmed
- Internal Medicine, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, USA
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13
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Arrokhman S, Luo YH, Lin P. Additive cardiotoxicity of a bisphenol mixture in zebrafish embryos: The involvement of calcium channel and pump. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115225. [PMID: 37418940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogs, such as bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol AF (BPAF), and bisphenol B (BPB), are often simultaneously detected in environmental and human specimens. Thus, assessing the toxicity of bisphenol (BP) mixtures is more relevant than assessing that of each BP type. Here, we found that BPs, individually or in a mixture, concentration-dependently and additively increased the mortality of zebrafish embryos (ZFEs) at 96 h post fertilization (hpf) and induced bradycardia (i.e., reduced heart rate) at 48 hpf, indicating their cardiotoxic potency. BPAF was the most potent, followed by BPB, BPA, and BPF. We then explored the mechanism underlying BP-induced bradycardia in ZFEs. Although BPs increased the mRNA expression of the estrogen-responsive gene, treatment with the estrogen receptor inhibitor ICI 182780 did not prevent BP-induced bradycardia. Because they did not change cardiomyocyte counts or heart development-related gene expression, BPs might not affect cardiomyocyte development. By contrast, BPs might impair calcium homeostasis during cardiac contraction and relaxation through the downregulation of the expression of the mRNAs for the pore-forming subunit of L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC; cacna1c) and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA; atp2a2a). BPs reduced SERCA activity significantly. BPs also potentiated the cardiotoxicity induced by the LTCC blocker nisoldipine, conceivably by inhibiting SERCA activity. In conclusion, BPs additively induced bradycardia in ZFEs, possibly by impeding calcium homeostasis during cardiac contraction and relaxation. BPs also potentiated the cardiotoxicity of calcium channel blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Arrokhman
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsia Luo
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan
| | - Pinpin Lin
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan.
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14
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Zhou Y, Huang S, Li C, Qiao Y, Liu Q, Chen T, Wang J, Liu Y. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Rescue Diabetic Cardiac Dysfuntions in Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200130. [PMID: 36373695 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) can improve cardiac function and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic cardiomyopathy; however, the beneficial effect of GLP-1 on human diabetic cardiomyocytes (DCMs) and its mechanism have not been fully elucidated. Here, the DCMs model by human-induced pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes is developed. Two subtypes of GLP-1, GLP-17-36 and GLP-19-36 , are evaluated for their efficacy on the DCMs model. Diabetogenic condition is sufficient to induce most characteristics of diabetic cardiomyopathy in vitro, such as cardiac hypertrophy, lipid accumulation, impaired calcium transients, and abnormal electrophysiological properties. GLP-17-36 and GLP-19-36 can restore cardiomyocyte hypertrophic phenotype, impaired calcium transient frequency, abnormal action potential amplitude, depolarization, and repolarization velocity. Interestingly, RNA-seq reveals different pathways altered by GLP-17-36 and GLP-19-36 , respectively. Differentially expressed gene analysis reveals that possible targets of GLP-17-36 involve the regulation of mitotic nuclear division and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, while possible targets of GLP-19-36 involve kinetochore assembly, and the complement and coagulation cascades. This study demonstrates the therapeutic effects of GLP-1 on human DCMs and provides a novel platform to unveil the cellular mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy, shedding light on discovering better targets for novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 109 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Shuting Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 109 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chengwu Li
- HELP Therapeutics, 568 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yue Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 210031, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 109 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Taotao Chen
- HELP Therapeutics, 568 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jiaxian Wang
- HELP Therapeutics, 568 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 109 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
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15
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Dries E, Gilbert G, Roderick HL, Sipido KR. The ryanodine receptor microdomain in cardiomyocytes. Cell Calcium 2023; 114:102769. [PMID: 37390591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR) is a key player in Ca2+ handling during excitation-contraction coupling. During each heartbeat, RyR channels are responsible for linking the action potential with the contractile machinery of the cardiomyocyte by releasing Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. RyR function is fine-tuned by associated signalling molecules, arrangement in clusters and subcellular localization. These parameters together define RyR function within microdomains and are subject to disease remodelling. This review describes the latest findings on RyR microdomain organization, the alterations with disease which result in increased subcellular heterogeneity and emergence of microdomains with enhanced arrhythmogenic potential, and presents novel technologies that guide future research to study and target RyR channels within specific microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eef Dries
- Lab of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Guillaume Gilbert
- Lab of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratoire ORPHY EA 4324, Université de Brest, Brest, France
| | - H Llewelyn Roderick
- Lab of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin R Sipido
- Lab of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Terrar DA. Timing mechanisms to control heart rhythm and initiate arrhythmias: roles for intracellular organelles, signalling pathways and subsarcolemmal Ca 2. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220170. [PMID: 37122228 PMCID: PMC10150226 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhythms of electrical activity in all regions of the heart can be influenced by a variety of intracellular membrane bound organelles. This is true both for normal pacemaker activity and for abnormal rhythms including those caused by early and delayed afterdepolarizations under pathological conditions. The influence of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) on cardiac electrical activity is widely recognized, but other intracellular organelles including lysosomes and mitochondria also contribute. Intracellular organelles can provide a timing mechanism (such as an SR clock driven by cyclic uptake and release of Ca2+, with an important influence of intraluminal Ca2+), and/or can act as a Ca2+ store involved in signalling mechanisms. Ca2+ plays many diverse roles including carrying electric current, driving electrogenic sodium-calcium exchange (NCX) particularly when Ca2+ is extruded across the surface membrane causing depolarization, and activation of enzymes which target organelles and surface membrane proteins. Heart function is also influenced by Ca2+ mobilizing agents (cADP-ribose, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate and inositol trisphosphate) acting on intracellular organelles. Lysosomal Ca2+ release exerts its effects via calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II to promote SR Ca2+ uptake, and contributes to arrhythmias resulting from excessive beta-adrenoceptor stimulation. A separate arrhythmogenic mechanism involves lysosomes, mitochondria and SR. Interacting intracellular organelles, therefore, have profound effects on heart rhythms and NCX plays a central role. This article is part of the theme issue 'The heartbeat: its molecular basis and physiological mechanisms'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A Terrar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
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17
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Jaferzadeh K, Rappaz B, Kim Y, Kim BK, Moon I, Marquet P, Turcatti G. Automated Dual-Mode Cell Monitoring To Simultaneously Explore Calcium Dynamics and Contraction-Relaxation Kinetics within Drug-Treated Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. ACS Sens 2023. [PMID: 37335579 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript proposes a new dual-mode cell imaging system for studying the relationships between calcium dynamics and the contractility process of cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells. Practically, this dual-mode cell imaging system provides simultaneously both live cell calcium imaging and quantitative phase imaging based on digital holographic microscopy. Specifically, thanks to the development of a robust automated image analysis, simultaneous measurements of both intracellular calcium, a key player of excitation-contraction coupling, and the quantitative phase image-derived dry mass redistribution, reflecting the effective contractility, namely, the contraction and relaxation processes, were achieved. Practically, the relationships between calcium dynamics and the contraction-relaxation kinetics were investigated in particular through the application of two drugs─namely, isoprenaline and E-4031─known to act precisely on calcium dynamics. Specifically, this new dual-mode cell imaging system enabled us to establish that calcium regulation can be divided into two phases, an early phase influencing the occurrence of the relaxation process followed by a late phase, which although not having a significant influence on the relaxation process affects significantly the beat frequency. In combination with cutting-edge technologies allowing the generation of human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, this dual-mode cell monitoring approach therefore represents a very promising technique, particularly in the fields of drug discovery and personalized medicine, to identify compounds likely to act more selectively on specific steps that compose the cardiomyocyte contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Jaferzadeh
- Department of Robotics & Mechatronics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Benjamin Rappaz
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Youhyun Kim
- Department of Robotics & Mechatronics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Bo-Kyoung Kim
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Inkyu Moon
- Department of Robotics & Mechatronics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Pierre Marquet
- International Joint Research Unit in Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Lausanne 1008, Switzerland
- University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Center, CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec, Québec G1J 2G3, Canada
- Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Laval University, Quebec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Gerardo Turcatti
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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18
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Dewan S, Witayavanitkul N, Kumar M, Mayer BJ, Betancourt L, Cazorla O, de Tombe PP. Depressed myocardial cross-bridge cycling kinetics in a female guinea pig model of diastolic heart failure. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202213288. [PMID: 37102986 PMCID: PMC10140646 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is associated with diastolic heart failure (DHF), a syndrome in which systolic function is preserved but cardiac filling dynamics are depressed. The molecular mechanisms underlying DHF and the potential role of altered cross-bridge cycling are poorly understood. Accordingly, chronic pressure overload was induced by surgically banding the thoracic ascending aorta (AOB) in ∼400 g female Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs (AOB); Sham-operated age-matched animals served as controls. Guinea pigs were chosen to avoid the confounding impacts of altered myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform expression seen in other small rodent models. In vivo cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography; cardiac hypertrophy was confirmed by morphometric analysis. AOB resulted in left ventricle (LV) hypertrophy and compromised diastolic function with normal systolic function. Biochemical analysis revealed exclusive expression of β-MHC isoform in both sham control and AOB LVs. Myofilament function was assessed in skinned multicellular preparations, skinned single myocyte fragments, and single myofibrils prepared from frozen (liquid N2) LVs. The rates of force-dependent ATP consumption (tension-cost) and force redevelopment (Ktr), as well as myofibril relaxation time (Timelin) were significantly blunted in AOB, indicating reduced cross-bridge cycling kinetics. Maximum Ca2+ activated force development was significantly reduced in AOB myocytes, while no change in myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity was observed. Our results indicate blunted cross-bridge cycle in a β-MHC small animal DHF model. Reduced cross-bridge cycling kinetics may contribute, at least in part, to the development of DHF in larger mammals, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukriti Dewan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Namthip Witayavanitkul
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Beth J Mayer
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Lauren Betancourt
- Phymedexp INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier , Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Cazorla
- Phymedexp INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier , Montpellier, France
| | - Pieter P de Tombe
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Phymedexp INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier , Montpellier, France
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19
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Deng W, Ren G, Luo J, Gao S, Huang W, Liu W, Ye S. TRPM7 mediates endoplasmic reticulum stress and ferroptosis in sepsis-induced myocardial injury. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2023; 55:207-217. [PMID: 37264258 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-023-09968-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7), a non-selective cation channel, was significantly upregulated in the blood of patients with sepsis. This study focuses on the preliminary exploration of the probable regulatory mechanism of TRPM7 in sepsis-induced myocardial injury (SIMI). HL-1 cardiac muscle cell line was treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic SIMI in vitro, and TRPM7 level was assessed. The impacts of TRPM7 knockdown on cellular inflammation response, oxidative stress, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ferroptosis were identified. In order to explore the mechanism, ER stress agonist tunicamycin (TM) or ferroptosis inducer erastin was applied to treat HL-1 cells. The influences of TM and erastin on the aforementioned aspects were evaluated. TRPM7 was elevated in response to LPS stimulation, and its knockdown reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress degree. Moreover, TRPM7 knockdown significantly suppressed cell apoptosis, ER stress, and ferroptosis. TM and erastin reversed the functions of TRPM7 knockdown, indicating ER stress and ferroptosis mediated in the regulation of TRPM7. This research proposes the possibility of TRPM7 as a marker or target for SIMI, and provides theoretical support for follow-up research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Deng
- Department of Emergency, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan City, 1 Xianglong Road, Dongguan, 523326, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guobin Ren
- Department of Emergency, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan City, 1 Xianglong Road, Dongguan, 523326, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajing Luo
- Department of Emergency, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan City, 1 Xianglong Road, Dongguan, 523326, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - She Gao
- Department of Emergency, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan City, 1 Xianglong Road, Dongguan, 523326, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Huang
- Department of Emergency, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan City, 1 Xianglong Road, Dongguan, 523326, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weitao Liu
- Department of Emergency, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan City, 1 Xianglong Road, Dongguan, 523326, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shupei Ye
- Department of Emergency, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan City, 1 Xianglong Road, Dongguan, 523326, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Anatskaya OV, Runov AL, Ponomartsev SV, Vonsky MS, Elmuratov AU, Vinogradov AE. Long-Term Transcriptomic Changes and Cardiomyocyte Hyperpolyploidy after Lactose Intolerance in Neonatal Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087063. [PMID: 37108224 PMCID: PMC10138443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cardiovascular diseases originate from growth retardation, inflammation, and malnutrition during early postnatal development. The nature of this phenomenon is not completely understood. Here we aimed to verify the hypothesis that systemic inflammation triggered by neonatal lactose intolerance (NLI) may exert long-term pathologic effects on cardiac developmental programs and cardiomyocyte transcriptome regulation. Using the rat model of NLI triggered by lactase overloading with lactose and the methods of cytophotometry, image analysis, and mRNA-seq, we evaluated cardiomyocyte ploidy, signs of DNA damage, and NLI-associated long-term transcriptomic changes of genes and gene modules that differed qualitatively (i.e., were switched on or switched off) in the experiment vs. the control. Our data indicated that NLI triggers the long-term animal growth retardation, cardiomyocyte hyperpolyploidy, and extensive transcriptomic rearrangements. Many of these rearrangements are known as manifestations of heart pathologies, including DNA and telomere instability, inflammation, fibrosis, and reactivation of fetal gene program. Moreover, bioinformatic analysis identified possible causes of these pathologic traits, including the impaired signaling via thyroid hormone, calcium, and glutathione. We also found transcriptomic manifestations of increased cardiomyocyte polyploidy, such as the induction of gene modules related to open chromatin, e.g., "negative regulation of chromosome organization", "transcription" and "ribosome biogenesis". These findings suggest that ploidy-related epigenetic alterations acquired in the neonatal period permanently rewire gene regulatory networks and alter cardiomyocyte transcriptome. Here we provided first evidence indicating that NLI can be an important trigger of developmental programming of adult cardiovascular disease. The obtained results can help to develop preventive strategies for reducing the NLI-associated adverse effects of inflammation on the developing cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey L Runov
- The D.I. Mendeleev All-Russian Institute for Metrology (VNIIM), Moskovsky ave 19, Saint Petersburg 190005, Russia
- Almazov Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova Street 2, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | | | - Maxim S Vonsky
- The D.I. Mendeleev All-Russian Institute for Metrology (VNIIM), Moskovsky ave 19, Saint Petersburg 190005, Russia
- Almazov Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova Street 2, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | - Artem U Elmuratov
- Medical Genetics Centre Genotek, Nastavnichesky Alley 17-1-15, Moscow 105120, Russia
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21
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Jin X, Meletiou A, Chung J, Tilunaite A, Demydenko K, Dries E, Puertas RD, Amoni M, Tomar A, Claus P, Soeller C, Rajagopal V, Sipido K, Roderick HL. InsP 3R-RyR channel crosstalk augments sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ release and arrhythmogenic activity in post-MI pig cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 179:47-59. [PMID: 37003353 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+ transients (CaT) underlying cardiomyocyte (CM) contraction require efficient Ca2+ coupling between sarcolemmal Ca2+ channels and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) ryanodine receptor Ca2+ channels (RyR) for their generation; reduced coupling in disease contributes to diminished CaT and arrhythmogenic Ca2+ events. SR Ca2+ release also occurs via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (InsP3R) in CM. While this pathway contributes negligeably to Ca2+ handling in healthy CM, rodent studies support a role in altered Ca2+ dynamics and arrhythmogenic Ca2+ release involving InsP3R crosstalk with RyRs in disease. Whether this mechanism persists in larger mammals with lower T-tubular density and coupling of RyRs is not fully resolved. We have recently shown an arrhythmogenic action of InsP3-induced Ca2+ release (IICR) in end stage human heart failure, often associated with underlying ischemic heart disease (IHD). How IICR contributes to early stages of disease is however not determined but highly relevant. To access this stage, we chose a porcine model of IHD, which shows substantial remodelling of the area adjacent to the infarct. In cells from this region, IICR preferentially augmented Ca2+ release from non-coupled RyR clusters that otherwise showed delayed activation during the CaT. IICR in turn synchronised Ca2+ release during the CaT but also induced arrhythmogenic delayed afterdepolarizations and action potentials. Nanoscale imaging identified co-clustering of InsP3Rs and RyRs, thereby allowing Ca2+-mediated channel crosstalk. Mathematical modelling supported and further delineated this mechanism of enhanced InsP3R-RyRs coupling in MI. Our findings highlight the role of InsP3R-RyR channel crosstalk in Ca2+ release and arrhythmia during post-MI remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna Meletiou
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joshua Chung
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Cell Structure and Mechanobiology Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Agne Tilunaite
- Cell Structure and Mechanobiology Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia; Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Mathematics and Statistics, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kateryna Demydenko
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eef Dries
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rosa Doñate Puertas
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthew Amoni
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ashutosh Tomar
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Claus
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Vijay Rajagopal
- Cell Structure and Mechanobiology Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karin Sipido
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Llewelyn Roderick
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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22
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Soda T, Brunetti V, Berra-Romani R, Moccia F. The Emerging Role of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptors in the Cardiovascular System: Physiological Implications, Pathological Consequences, and Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043914. [PMID: 36835323 PMCID: PMC9965111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are ligand-gated ion channels that are activated by the neurotransmitter glutamate, mediate the slow component of excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS), and induce long-term changes in synaptic plasticity. NMDARs are non-selective cation channels that allow the influx of extracellular Na+ and Ca2+ and control cellular activity via both membrane depolarization and an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. The distribution, structure, and role of neuronal NMDARs have been extensively investigated and it is now known that they also regulate crucial functions in the non-neuronal cellular component of the CNS, i.e., astrocytes and cerebrovascular endothelial cells. In addition, NMDARs are expressed in multiple peripheral organs, including heart and systemic and pulmonary circulations. Herein, we survey the most recent information available regarding the distribution and function of NMDARs within the cardiovascular system. We describe the involvement of NMDARs in the modulation of heart rate and cardiac rhythm, in the regulation of arterial blood pressure, in the regulation of cerebral blood flow, and in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. In parallel, we describe how enhanced NMDAR activity could promote ventricular arrhythmias, heart failure, pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), and BBB dysfunction. Targeting NMDARs could represent an unexpected pharmacological strategy to reduce the growing burden of several life-threatening cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Soda
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Brunetti
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Berra-Romani
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72410, Mexico
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382-987613
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23
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Keefe JA, Moore OM, Ho KS, Wehrens XHT. Role of Ca 2+ in healthy and pathologic cardiac function: from normal excitation-contraction coupling to mutations that cause inherited arrhythmia. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:73-92. [PMID: 36214829 PMCID: PMC10122835 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) ions are a key second messenger involved in the rhythmic excitation and contraction of cardiomyocytes throughout the heart. Proper function of Ca2+-handling proteins is required for healthy cardiac function, whereas disruption in any of these can cause cardiac arrhythmias. This comprehensive review provides a broad overview of the roles of Ca2+-handling proteins and their regulators in healthy cardiac function and the mechanisms by which mutations in these proteins contribute to inherited arrhythmias. Major Ca2+ channels and Ca2+-sensitive regulatory proteins involved in cardiac excitation-contraction coupling are discussed, with special emphasis on the function of the RyR2 macromolecular complex. Inherited arrhythmia disorders including catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, short QT syndrome, and arrhythmogenic right-ventricular cardiomyopathy are discussed with particular emphasis on subtypes caused by mutations in Ca2+-handling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Keefe
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM335, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Oliver M Moore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM335, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kevin S Ho
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM335, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM335, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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24
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Sy MR, Keefe JA, Sutton JP, Wehrens XHT. Cardiac function, structural, and electrical remodeling by microgravity exposure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H1-H13. [PMID: 36399385 PMCID: PMC9762974 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00611.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Space medicine is key to the human exploration of outer space and pushes the boundaries of science, technology, and medicine. Because of harsh environmental conditions related to microgravity and other factors and hazards in outer space, astronauts and spaceflight participants face unique health and medical challenges, including those related to the heart. In this review, we summarize the literature regarding the effects of spaceflight on cardiac structure and function. We also provide an in-depth review of the literature regarding the effects of microgravity on cardiac calcium handling. Our review can inform future mechanistic and therapeutic studies and is applicable to other physiological states similar to microgravity such as prolonged horizontal bed rest and immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary R Sy
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Joshua A Keefe
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey P Sutton
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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25
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Chung J, Tilūnaitė A, Ladd D, Hunt H, Soeller C, Crampin EJ, Johnston ST, Roderick HL, Rajagopal V. IP 3R activity increases propensity of RyR-mediated sparks by elevating dyadic [Ca 2+]. Math Biosci 2023; 355:108923. [PMID: 36395827 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2022.108923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) plays a critical role in the excitation contraction coupling (ECC) process that mediates the contraction of cardiomyocytes during each heartbeat. While ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are the primary Ca2+ channels responsible for generating the cell-wide Ca2+ transients during ECC, Ca2+ release, via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3Rs) are also reported in cardiomyocytes to elicit ECC-modulating effects. Recent studies suggest that the localization of IP3Rs at dyads grant their ability to modify the occurrence of Ca2+ sparks (elementary Ca2+ release events that constitute cell wide Ca2+ releases associated with ECC) which may underlie their modulatory influence on ECC. Here, we aim to uncover the mechanism by which dyad-localized IP3Rs influence Ca2+ spark dynamics. To this end, we developed a mathematical model of the dyad that incorporates the behaviour of IP3Rs, in addition to RyRs, to reveal the impact of their activity on local Ca2+ handling and consequent Ca2+ spark occurrence and its properties. Consistent with published experimental data, our model predicts that the propensity for Ca2+ spark formation increases in the presence of IP3R activity. Our simulations support the hypothesis that IP3Rs elevate Ca2+ in the dyad, sensitizing proximal RyRs towards activation and hence Ca2+ spark formation. The stochasticity of IP3R gating is an important aspect of this mechanism. However, dyadic IP3R activity lowers the Ca2+ available in the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (JSR) for release, thus resulting in Ca2+ sparks with similar durations but lower amplitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Agnė Tilūnaitė
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - David Ladd
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Hilary Hunt
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - Edmund J Crampin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Stuart T Johnston
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - H Llewelyn Roderick
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Vijay Rajagopal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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26
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Investigating the effect of Shenmai injection on cardiac electrophysiology and calcium signaling using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 33:101407. [PMID: 36593870 PMCID: PMC9803683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine injection (TCMI) refers to the use of modern technology to make Chinese patent medicines in injectable forms, which shorten the onset time of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Although there have been clinical cases in which Shenmai injection (SMI) was used to treat cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), there are no pharmacological experiments that investigate the efficacy of the drug in vitro or the underlying mechanisms. Aim of the study We aimed to systemically evaluate the efficacy and investigate the mechanisms of SMI in modulating electrophysiology and calcium (Ca2+) signaling using a microelectrode array (MEA) and a genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator, GCaMP6s, respectively, in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Materials and methods A MEA system was employed to record field potentials (FPs) in hiPSC-CMs. The QT interval is corrected by the RR interval, the reciprocal of the beating rate. GCaMP6s was used to measure Ca2+ signaling in hiPSC-CMs. Meanwhile, the transcriptome changes in hiPSC-CMs treated with 2% SMI were examined using RNAseq. In addition, the ingredients of SMI were investigated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results It was found that 0.5%, 1%, and 2% (v/v) SMIs could increase corrected QT (QTc) but did not change other FP parameters. GCaMP6s was successfully applied to measure the chronic function of SMI. The full width at half maximum (FWHM), rise time, and decay time significantly decreased after treatment with SMI for 1 h and 24 h, whereas an increased Ca2+ transient frequency was observed. Conclusions We first used the Ca2+ indicator to measure the chronic effects of TCM. We found that SMI treatment can modulate electrophysiology and calcium signaling and regulate oxidative phosphorylation, cardiac muscle contraction, and the cell cycle pathway in hiPSC-CMs.
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Key Words
- AP, action potentials
- CCK-8, cell counting kit-8 assay
- CVDs, cardiovascular diseases
- Calcium indicators
- ECC, excitation–contraction coupling
- ECG, electrocardiogram
- FP, field potential
- FWHM, full width at half maximum
- Ikr, rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium current
- LC-MS, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
- MEA, microelectrode array
- Polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE
- QTc, corrected QT
- QoL, quality of life
- SMI, Shenmai injection
- Shenmai injection
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- TCMI, traditional Chinese medicine injections
- Traditional Chinese medicine
- hiPSC-CMs
- hiPSC-CMs, human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes
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27
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Demydenko K, Ekhteraei-Tousi S, Roderick HL. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors in cardiomyocyte physiology and disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210319. [PMID: 36189803 PMCID: PMC9527928 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The contraction of cardiac muscle underlying the pumping action of the heart is mediated by the process of excitation-contraction coupling (ECC). While triggered by Ca2+ entry across the sarcolemma during the action potential, it is the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) intracellular Ca2+ store via ryanodine receptors (RyRs) that plays the major role in induction of contraction. Ca2+ also acts as a key intracellular messenger regulating transcription underlying hypertrophic growth. Although Ca2+ release via RyRs is by far the greatest contributor to the generation of Ca2+ transients in the cardiomyocyte, Ca2+ is also released from the SR via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) receptors (InsP3Rs). This InsP3-induced Ca2+ release modifies Ca2+ transients during ECC, participates in directing Ca2+ to the mitochondria, and stimulates the transcription of genes underlying hypertrophic growth. Central to these specific actions of InsP3Rs is their localization to responsible signalling microdomains, the dyad, the SR-mitochondrial interface and the nucleus. In this review, the various roles of InsP3R in cardiac (patho)physiology and the mechanisms by which InsP3 signalling selectively influences the different cardiomyocyte cell processes in which it is involved will be presented. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The cardiomyocyte: new revelations on the interplay between architecture and function in growth, health, and disease’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Demydenko
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Samaneh Ekhteraei-Tousi
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Llewelyn Roderick
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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28
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Jin X, Amoni M, Gilbert G, Dries E, Doñate Puertas R, Tomar A, Nagaraju CK, Pradhan A, Yule DI, Martens T, Menten R, Vanden Berghe P, Rega F, Sipido K, Roderick HL. InsP 3R-RyR Ca 2+ channel crosstalk facilitates arrhythmias in the failing human ventricle. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:60. [PMID: 36378362 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00967-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated intracellular Ca2+ handling involving altered Ca2+ release from intracellular stores via RyR channels underlies both arrhythmias and reduced function in heart failure (HF). Mechanisms linking RyR dysregulation and disease are not fully established. Studies in animals support a role for InsP3 receptor Ca2+ channels (InsP3R) in pathological alterations in cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling but whether these findings translate to the divergent physiology of human cardiomyocytes during heart failure is not determined. Using electrophysiological and Ca2+ recordings in human ventricular cardiomyocytes, we uncovered that Ca2+ release via InsP3Rs facilitated Ca2+ release from RyR and induced arrhythmogenic delayed after depolarisations and action potentials. InsP3R-RyR crosstalk was particularly increased in HF at RyR clusters isolated from the T-tubular network. Reduced SERCA activity in HF further facilitated the action of InsP3. Nanoscale imaging revealed co-localisation of InsP3Rs with RyRs in the dyad, which was increased in HF, providing a mechanism for augmented Ca2+ channel crosstalk. Notably, arrhythmogenic activity dependent on InsP3Rs was increased in tissue wedges from failing hearts perfused with AngII to promote InsP3 generation. These data indicate a central role for InsP3R-RyR Ca2+ signalling crosstalk in the pro-arrhythmic action of GPCR agonists elevated in HF and the potential for their therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Matthew Amoni
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Gilbert
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eef Dries
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rosa Doñate Puertas
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ashutosh Tomar
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chandan K Nagaraju
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ankit Pradhan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David I Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Medical Center School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 711, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Tobie Martens
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Cell and Tissue Imaging Cluster (CIC), KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roxane Menten
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Cell and Tissue Imaging Cluster (CIC), KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filip Rega
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin Sipido
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Llewelyn Roderick
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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29
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Turcotte MG, Thakur H, Kapiloff MS, Dodge-Kafka KL. A perinuclear calcium compartment regulates cardiac myocyte hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 172:26-40. [PMID: 35952391 PMCID: PMC9727780 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The pleiotropic Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin is a key regulator of pathological cardiac myocyte hypertrophy. The selective activation of hypertrophic calcineurin signaling under stress conditions has been attributed to compartmentation of Ca2+ signaling in cardiac myocytes. Here, perinuclear signalosomes organized by the scaffold protein muscle A-Kinase Anchoring Protein β (mAKAPβ/AKAP6β) are shown to orchestrate local Ca2+ transients, inducing calcineurin-dependent NFATc nuclear localization and myocyte hypertrophy in response to β-adrenergic receptor activation. Fluorescent biosensors for Ca2+ and calcineurin and protein kinase A (PKA) activity, both diffusely expressed and localized by nesprin-1α to the nuclear envelope, are used to define an autonomous mAKAPβ signaling compartment in adult and neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Notably, β-adrenergic-stimulated perinuclear Ca2+ and PKA and CaN activity transients depended upon mAKAPβ expression, while Ca2+ elevation and PKA and CaN activity in the cytosol were mAKAPβ independent. Buffering perinuclear cAMP and Ca2+ prevented calcineurin-dependent NFATc nuclear translocation and myocyte hypertrophy, without affecting cardiac myocyte contractility. Additional findings suggest that the perinuclear Ca2+ transients were mediated by signalosome-associated ryanodine receptors regulated by local PKA phosphorylation. These results demonstrate the existence of a functionally independent Ca2+ signaling compartment in the cardiac myocyte regulating hypertrophy and provide a premise for targeting mAKAPβ signalosomes to prevent selectively cardiac hypertrophy in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriah Gildart Turcotte
- Calhoun Center for Cardiology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Hrishikesh Thakur
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Michael S Kapiloff
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Kimberly L Dodge-Kafka
- Calhoun Center for Cardiology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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30
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Sun X, Xiang Y, Liu M, Xu X, Zhang L, Zhuang L, Wang P, Wang Q. High-performance and -efficiency cardiomyocyte-based potential biosensor for temporal-specific detection of ion channel marine toxins. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 220:114837. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Liang Z, Fan W, Chen H, Huang ZP, Fang R, Dong B, Chen C, Li J, Dai G, Xue R, Dong Y, Liu C. Identification of a long noncoding RNA Gm17501 as a novel negative regulator of cardiac hypertrophy. Exp Cell Res 2022; 418:113262. [PMID: 35714940 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is an independent risk factor for the development of heart failure. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), an emerging class of non-protein-coding transcripts, are involved in regulation of multiple cardiac diseases through diverse molecular mechanism, whereas the role of cytoplasmic lncRNAs in regulating cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear. In this study, we identified a novel and functional long noncoding RNA Gm17501, which was predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes. The expression level of lncRNA Gm17501 was altered in cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload and phenylephrine treatment. Moreover, lncRNA Gm17501 expression was decreased in the heart tissue of patients with heart failure. Silencing lncRNA Gm17501 aggravated cardiac hypertrophy under pathological stress. Inhibition of lncRNA Gm17501 did not alter the expression of nearby genes but decreased mRNA level of calcium handling proteins which were involved in cardiac contraction. Therefore, the cytoplasmic lncRNA Gm17501 might protect cardiomyocytes against hypertrophy, possibly by maintaining calcium signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuomin Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Wendong Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Zhan-Peng Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Rong Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Jiayong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Gang Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Ruicong Xue
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yugang Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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Zavodnik IB, Kovalenia TA, Veiko AG, Lapshina EA, Ilyich TV, Kravchuk RI, Zavodnik LB, Klimovich II. [Structural and functional changes in rat liver mitochondria under calcium ion loading in the absence and presence of flavonoids]. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2022; 68:237-249. [PMID: 36005842 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20226804237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to elucidate the mechanisms of calcium ion-induced impairments of the ultrastructure and functional activity of isolated rat liver mitochondria in the absence and presence of a number of flavonoids in vitro. In the presence of exogenous Ca²⁺ (20-60 μM), mitochondrial heterogeneity in size and electron density markedly increased: most organelles demonstrated a swollen electron-light matrix, bigger size, elongated cristae and a reduced their number, a damaged native structure of the inner membrane up to its detachment, and some mitochondria showed a more electron-dense matrix (condensed mitochondria). The calcium-induced opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pores (MPTP) resulted in the ultrastructural disturbances and in the effective inhibition of the respiratory activity of rat liver mitochondria. The flavonoids (10-25 μM) naringenin and catechin, dose-dependently inhibited the respiratory activity of mitochondria and stimulated the MPTP opening in the presence of Ca²⁺ ions. Since Ruthenium red, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uniporter, effectively prevented Ca²⁺-induced MPTP opening both in the absence and presence of flavonoids, we hypothesized that the effect of flavonoids on the MPTP opening could be mediated by stimulation of the Ca²⁺ uniporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Zavodnik
- Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus
| | - T A Kovalenia
- Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus
| | - A G Veiko
- Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus
| | - E A Lapshina
- Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus
| | - T V Ilyich
- Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus
| | - R I Kravchuk
- Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus
| | - L B Zavodnik
- Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus
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Xue H, Shi H, Zhang F, Li H, Li C, Han Q. RIP3 Contributes to Cardiac Hypertrophy by Influencing MLKL-Mediated Calcium Influx. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5490553. [PMID: 35464769 PMCID: PMC9023175 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5490553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein 3(RIP3), a RIP family member, has been reported as a critical regulator of necroptosis and involves in the pathogenesis of various heart diseases. However, its role in the development of myocardial hypertrophy after pressure overload is unclear. We aimed to investigate the roles of RIP3 in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. A rat model of myocardial hypertrophy induced by the aortic banding method was used in this study. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were stimulated with angiotensin II (Ang-II) or phenylephrine (PE) to induce neurohumoral stress. Our results showed that RIP3 level was significantly elevated in the hypertrophic myocardium tissues from patients, rats subjected to AB surgery, and NRCMs treated with Ang-II or PE. After downregulation of RIP3 expression in NRCMs, the phenotypes of myocardial hypertrophy were obviously alleviated. In mechanism, we demonstrated that RIP3 interacts with mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) and promotes its cell membrane localization to increase the influx of calcium within cells, thereby mediating the development of myocardial hypertrophy. More interestingly, we found the blockage of calcium influx by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, and lanthanum chloride efficiently reverses RIP3-induced cardiac remodeling in NRCMs. Taken together, our findings indicate a key role of the RIP3-MLKL signaling pathway in myocardial hypertrophy, which may be a novel promising treatment strategy for myocardial hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Xue
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Hongtao Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Qinghua Han
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
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Palladino A, Papa AA, Petillo R, Scutifero M, Morra S, Passamano L, Nigro V, Politano L. The Role of TRPM4 Gene Mutations in Causing Familial Progressive Cardiac Conduction Disease: A Further Contribution. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020258. [PMID: 35205305 PMCID: PMC8871839 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive cardiac conduction disease (PCCD) is a relatively common condition in young and elderly populations, related to rare mutations in several genes, including SCN5A, SCN1B, LMNA and GJA5, TRPM4. Familial cases have also been reported. We describe a family with a large number of individuals necessitating pacemaker implantation, likely due to varying degrees of PCCD. The proband is a 47-year-old-patient, whose younger brother died at 25 years of unexplained sudden cardiac death. Three paternal uncles needed a pacemaker (PM) implantation between 40 and 65 years for unspecified causes. At the age of 42, he was implanted with a PM for two episodes of syncope and the presence of complete atrioventricular block (AVB). NGS analysis revealed the missense variation c. 2351G>A, p.Gly844Asp in the exon 17 of the TRPM4 gene. This gene encodes the TRPM4 channel, a calcium-activated nonselective cation channel of the transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) ion channel family. Variations in TRPM4 have been shown to cause an increase in cell surface current density, which results in a gain of gene function. Our report broadens and supports the causative role of TRPM4 gene mutations in PCCD. Genetic screening and identification of the causal mutation are critical for risk stratification and family counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Palladino
- Cardiomiology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (R.P.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Andrea Antonio Papa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Roberta Petillo
- Cardiomiology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (R.P.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Marianna Scutifero
- Cardiomiology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (R.P.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Salvatore Morra
- Cardiomiology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (R.P.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Luigia Passamano
- Cardiomiology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (R.P.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Luisa Politano
- Cardiomiology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (R.P.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (L.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Rehman MYA, Briedé JJ, van Herwijnen M, Krauskopf J, Jennen DGJ, Malik RN, Kleinjans JCS. Integrating SNPs-based genetic risk factor with blood epigenomic response of differentially arsenic-exposed rural subjects reveals disease-associated signaling pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118279. [PMID: 34619179 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination in groundwater is responsible for numerous adverse health outcomes among millions of people. Epigenetic alterations are among the most widely studied mechanisms of As toxicity. To understand how As exposure alters gene expression through epigenetic modifications, a systematic genome-wide study was designed to address the impact of multiple important single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to As exposure on the methylome of drinking water As-exposed rural subjects from Pakistan. Urinary As levels were used to stratify subjects into low, medium and high exposure groups. Genome-wide DNA methylation was investigated using MeDIP in combination with NimbleGen 2.1 M Deluxe Promotor arrays. Transcriptome levels were measured using Agilent 8 × 60 K expression arrays. Genotyping of selected SNPs (As3MT, DNMT1a, ERCC2, EGFR and MTHFR) was measured and an integrated genetic risk factor for each respondent was calculated by assigning a specific value to the measured genotypes based on known risk allele numbers. To select a representative model related to As exposure we compared 9 linear mixed models comprising of model 1 (including the genetic risk factor), model 2 (without the genetic risk factor) and models with individual SNPs incorporated into the methylome data. Pathway analysis was performed using ConsensusPathDB. Model 1 comprising the integrated genetic risk factor disclosed biochemical pathways including muscle contraction, cardio-vascular diseases, ATR signaling, GPCR signaling, methionine metabolism and chromatin modification in association with hypo- and hyper-methylated gene targets. A unique pathway (direct P53 effector) was found associated with the individual DNMT1a polymorphism due to hyper-methylation of CSE1L and TRRAP. Most importantly, we provide here the first evidence of As-associated DNA methylation in relation with gene expression of ATR, ATF7IP, TPM3, UBE2J2. We report the first evidence that integrating SNPs data with methylome data generates a more representative epigenome profile and discloses a better insight in disease risks of As-exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir Abdur Rehman
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jacco Jan Briedé
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands.
| | - Marcel van Herwijnen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Julian Krauskopf
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Danyel G J Jennen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
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36
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Approaches to Optimize Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte Maturation and Function. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-021-00197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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37
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Gager GM, von Lewinski D, Sourij H, Jilma B, Eyileten C, Filipiak K, Hülsmann M, Kubica J, Postula M, Siller-Matula JM. Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Ion Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress associated Mechanisms in Heart Failure. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112169. [PMID: 34560555 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors present a class of antidiabetic drugs, which inhibit renal glucose reabsorption resulting in the elevation of urinary glucose levels. Within the past years, SGLT2 inhibitors have become increasingly relevant due to their effects beyond glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Although dedicated large trials demonstrated cardioprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors, the exact mechanisms responsible for those benefits have not been fully identified. Alterations in Ca2+ signaling and oxidative stress accompanied by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, fibrosis and inflammatory processes form cornerstones of potential molecular targets for SGLT2 inhibitors. This review focused on three hypotheses for SGLT2 inhibitor-mediated cardioprotection: ion homeostasis, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria M Gager
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Dirk von Lewinski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Sourij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Ceren Eyileten
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Filipiak
- First Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martin Hülsmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacek Kubica
- Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marek Postula
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta M Siller-Matula
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Warsaw, Poland.
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38
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Devi RV, Raj D, Doble M. Lockdown of mitochondrial Ca 2+ extrusion and subsequent resveratrol treatment kill HeLa cells by Ca 2+ overload. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 139:106071. [PMID: 34428589 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer effect of resveratrol and the role of sodium/lithium/calcium exchanger in context with calcium ions are studied in human cervical cancer cell line. This therapeutic approach using siNCLX mediated gene silencing and drug therapy with resveratrol indicates the disruption of calcium homeostasis, increase in caspase (-3, 8, 9) mRNA expressions and DNA damage leading to apoptotic cell death. Monitoring the intracellular Ca2+ changes using fluo-4AM indicates highest rise in [Ca2+] level in sodium/lithium/calcium exchanger silenced group with five different stages, that is distinguishable based on the fluorescence intensity. In resveratrol treated and siNCLX + resveratrol treated groups no such cell staging differences were observed, despite uniform Ca2+ rise followed by decrease in the intensity. Integrating RNAi gene silencing of sodium/lithium/calcium exchanger with resveratrol can form the most interesting, efficient and promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Viswambari Devi
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Divakar Raj
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, 600036, India.
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Rudsari HK, Veletic M, Bergsland J, Balasingham I. Targeted Drug Delivery for Cardiovascular Disease: Modeling of Modulated Extracellular Vesicle Release Rates. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2021; 20:444-454. [PMID: 34270429 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2021.3097698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Invasive and medical therapy has led to major improvements in cardiovascular disease management, but important challenges remain open. The discovery of a nano-sized system of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is opening new possibilities for reprogramming malfunctioning cells and indicates that EVs can be employed in therapeutic biomedical applications as engineered drug vehicles. Molecular communication (MC) has applications for treating cells with directed drug delivery, employing special targeting transmembrane proteins. In this paper, we propose a novel drug delivery system for cardiovascular diseases using an EV-mediated MC platform and exemplify the potential use in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We utilize intracellular calcium signaling as a natural mediator of EVs released from synthetic cells and model the release rate. We propose to use the cells as a therapeutic release system with a control signal input which modulates the EVs release rate as the output signal. We also study the frequency domain of the proposed model and estimate the transfer function of the therapeutic release system model numerically where the root-mean-square error for two separate estimated output signals are 0.0353 and 0.0124. The proposed EV-mediated targeted drug delivery system can make breakthroughs in future healthcare, in cardiovascular and other diseases where targeting is required.
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40
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Simultaneous detection of reciprocal interactions between calmodulin, Ca2+ and molecular targets: a focus on the calmodulin-RyR2 complex. Biochem J 2021; 478:487-491. [PMID: 33544125 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In a recent issue of Biochemical Journal, Brohus et al. (Biochem. J.476, 193-209) investigated the interaction between the ubiquitous intracellular Ca2+-sensor calmodulin (CaM) and peptides that mimic different structural regions of the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) at different Ca2+ concentrations. For the purpose, a novel bidimensional titration assay based on changes in fluorescence anisotropy was designed. The study identified the CaM domains that selectively bind to a specific CaM-binding domain in RyR2 and demonstrated that the interaction occurs essentially under Ca2+-saturating conditions. This study provides an elegant and experimentally accessible framework for detailed molecular investigations of the emerging life-threatening arrhythmia diseases associated with mutations in the genes encoding CaM. Furthermore, by allowing the measurement of the equilibrium dissociation constant in a protein-protein complex as a function of [Ca2+], the methodology presented by Brohus et al. may have broad applicability to the study of Ca2+ signalling.
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41
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Li F, Long Y, Xie J, Ren J, Zhou T, Song G, Li Q, Cui Z. Generation of GCaMP6s-Expressing Zebrafish to Monitor Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Calcium Signaling Elicited by Heat Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115551. [PMID: 34074030 PMCID: PMC8197303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of organisms to quickly sense and transduce signals of environmental stresses is critical for their survival. Ca2+ is a versatile intracellular messenger involved in sensing a wide variety of stresses and regulating the subsequent cellular responses. So far, our understanding for calcium signaling was mostly obtained from ex vivo tissues and cultured cell lines, and the in vivo spatiotemporal dynamics of stress-triggered calcium signaling in a vertebrate remains to be characterized. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of a transgenic zebrafish line with ubiquitous expression of GCaMP6s, a genetically encoded calcium indicator (GECI). We developed a method to investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of Ca2+ events induced by heat stress. Exposure to heat stress elicited immediate and transient calcium signaling in developing zebrafish. Cells extensively distributed in the integument of the head and body trunk were the first batch of responders and different cell populations demonstrated distinct response patterns upon heat stress. Activity of the heat stress-induced calcium signaling peaked at 30 s and swiftly decreased to near the basal level at 120 s after the beginning of exposure. Inhibition of the heat-induced calcium signaling by LaCl3 and capsazepine and treatment with the inhibitors for CaMKII (Ca²2/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) and HSF1 (Heat shock factor 1) all significantly depressed the enhanced heat shock response (HSR). Together, we delineated the spatiotemporal dynamics of heat-induced calcium signaling and confirmed functions of the Ca2+-CaMKII-HSF1 pathway in regulating the HSR in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyang Li
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (J.X.); (T.Z.); (G.S.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yong Long
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (J.X.); (T.Z.); (G.S.); (Q.L.)
- Correspondence: , (Y.L.); (Z.C.); Tel.: +86-27-68780100 (Y.L.); +86-27-68780090 (Z.C.)
| | - Juhong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (J.X.); (T.Z.); (G.S.); (Q.L.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China;
| | - Tong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (J.X.); (T.Z.); (G.S.); (Q.L.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guili Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (J.X.); (T.Z.); (G.S.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (J.X.); (T.Z.); (G.S.); (Q.L.)
| | - Zongbin Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China;
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence: , (Y.L.); (Z.C.); Tel.: +86-27-68780100 (Y.L.); +86-27-68780090 (Z.C.)
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42
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De Smet MA, Lissoni A, Nezlobinsky T, Wang N, Dries E, Pérez-Hernández M, Lin X, Amoni M, Vervliet T, Witschas K, Rothenberg E, Bultynck G, Schulz R, Panfilov AV, Delmar M, Sipido KR, Leybaert L. Cx43 hemichannel microdomain signaling at the intercalated disc enhances cardiac excitability. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:137752. [PMID: 33621213 DOI: 10.1172/jci137752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cx43, a major cardiac connexin, forms precursor hemichannels that accrue at the intercalated disc to assemble as gap junctions. While gap junctions are crucial for electrical conduction in the heart, little is known about the potential roles of hemichannels. Recent evidence suggests that inhibiting Cx43 hemichannel opening with Gap19 has antiarrhythmic effects. Here, we used multiple electrophysiology, imaging, and super-resolution techniques to understand and define the conditions underlying Cx43 hemichannel activation in ventricular cardiomyocytes, their contribution to diastolic Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and their impact on electrical stability. We showed that Cx43 hemichannels were activated during diastolic Ca2+ release in single ventricular cardiomyocytes and cardiomyocyte cell pairs from mice and pigs. This activation involved Cx43 hemichannel Ca2+ entry and coupling to Ca2+ release microdomains at the intercalated disc, resulting in enhanced Ca2+ dynamics. Hemichannel opening furthermore contributed to delayed afterdepolarizations and triggered action potentials. In single cardiomyocytes, cardiomyocyte cell pairs, and arterially perfused tissue wedges from failing human hearts, increased hemichannel activity contributed to electrical instability compared with nonfailing rejected donor hearts. We conclude that microdomain coupling between Cx43 hemichannels and Ca2+ release is a potentially novel, targetable mechanism of cardiac arrhythmogenesis in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Aj De Smet
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Alessio Lissoni
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Timur Nezlobinsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Computational Biology and Medicine, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Nan Wang
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eef Dries
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marta Pérez-Hernández
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xianming Lin
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matthew Amoni
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vervliet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katja Witschas
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexander V Panfilov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Computational Biology and Medicine, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.,Arrhythmia Department, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mario Delmar
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karin R Sipido
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Leybaert
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Extra-skeletal effects of dietary calcium: Impact on the cardiovascular system, obesity, and cancer. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2021; 96:1-25. [PMID: 34112350 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Calcium is well known to be integral to bone and muscle health, with deleterious effects such as osteoporosis associated with inadequate calcium intake. Recent studies have also highlighted the significant effects of calcium in extra-musculoskeletal functioning, including the cardiovascular system, obesity, and cancer. Calcium impacts the cardiovascular system as an antagonist associated with a reduction in hypertension, increase vasodilation, and improvement in blood vessel function when obtained in the diet as an organic source, through food. However, the inorganic source of calcium, found in supplements, may be negatively associated with the cardiovascular system due to plaque deposits and atherogenesis when taken in excess. Some studies suggest that calcium intake may impact obesity by regulation of adipogenesis and reducing fat deposits with resulting weight loss. The pathogenesis of calcium for reducing obesity is thought to be related in part to its impact on gut microbiota profile, with the suggestion that calcium may have prebiotic properties. Animal and some human studies propose that calcium may also have a role in cancer prevention and/or treatment due to its function in the cell proliferation process and the impact on hormonal regulation, and thus warrants more investigations in the human population. Some prospective and small clinical studies suggest that calcium may be beneficial for colorectal cancer. Overall, emerging research in various areas continues to highlight the essentiality of dietary calcium for functioning at the molecular and biochemical level toward improvement in health and some chronic disease conditions.
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Sapoznik E, Chang BJ, Huh J, Ju RJ, Azarova EV, Pohlkamp T, Welf ES, Broadbent D, Carisey AF, Stehbens SJ, Lee KM, Marín A, Hanker AB, Schmidt JC, Arteaga CL, Yang B, Kobayashi Y, Tata PR, Kruithoff R, Doubrovinski K, Shepherd DP, Millett-Sikking A, York AG, Dean KM, Fiolka RP. A versatile oblique plane microscope for large-scale and high-resolution imaging of subcellular dynamics. eLife 2020; 9:e57681. [PMID: 33179596 PMCID: PMC7707824 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an oblique plane microscope (OPM) that uses a bespoke glass-tipped tertiary objective to improve the resolution, field of view, and usability over previous variants. Owing to its high numerical aperture optics, this microscope achieves lateral and axial resolutions that are comparable to the square illumination mode of lattice light-sheet microscopy, but in a user friendly and versatile format. Given this performance, we demonstrate high-resolution imaging of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, vimentin, the endoplasmic reticulum, membrane dynamics, and Natural Killer-mediated cytotoxicity. Furthermore, we image biological phenomena that would be otherwise challenging or impossible to perform in a traditional light-sheet microscope geometry, including cell migration through confined spaces within a microfluidic device, subcellular photoactivation of Rac1, diffusion of cytoplasmic rheological tracers at a volumetric rate of 14 Hz, and large field of view imaging of neurons, developing embryos, and centimeter-scale tissue sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etai Sapoznik
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Bo-Jui Chang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Jaewon Huh
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Robert J Ju
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of QueenslandQueenslandAustralia
| | - Evgenia V Azarova
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Theresa Pohlkamp
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Erik S Welf
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - David Broadbent
- Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | - Alexandre F Carisey
- William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s HospitalHoustonUnited States
| | - Samantha J Stehbens
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of QueenslandQueenslandAustralia
| | - Kyung-Min Lee
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Arnaldo Marín
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Ariella B Hanker
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Jens C Schmidt
- Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | - Carlos L Arteaga
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Bin Yang
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Yoshihiko Kobayashi
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
| | | | - Rory Kruithoff
- Center for Biological Physics and Department of Physics, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Konstantin Doubrovinski
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Comprehensive Center for Molecular, Computational and Systems Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Douglas P Shepherd
- Center for Biological Physics and Department of Physics, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | | | - Andrew G York
- Calico Life Sciences LLCSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Kevin M Dean
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Reto P Fiolka
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
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Shoykhet M, Trenz S, Kempf E, Williams T, Gerull B, Schinner C, Yeruva S, Waschke J. Cardiomyocyte adhesion and hyperadhesion differentially require ERK1/2 and plakoglobin. JCI Insight 2020; 5:140066. [PMID: 32841221 PMCID: PMC7526536 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is a heart disease often caused by mutations in genes coding for desmosomal proteins, including desmoglein-2 (DSG2), plakoglobin (PG), and desmoplakin (DP). Therapy is based on symptoms and limiting arrhythmia, because the mechanisms by which desmosomal components control cardiomyocyte function are largely unknown. A new paradigm could be to stabilize desmosomal cardiomyocyte adhesion and hyperadhesion, which renders desmosomal adhesion independent from Ca2+. Here, we further characterized the mechanisms behind enhanced cardiomyocyte adhesion and hyperadhesion. Dissociation assays performed in HL-1 cells and murine ventricular cardiac slice cultures allowed us to define a set of signaling pathways regulating cardiomyocyte adhesion under basal and hyperadhesive conditions. Adrenergic signaling, activation of PKC, and inhibition of p38MAPK enhanced cardiomyocyte adhesion, referred to as positive adhesiotropy, and induced hyperadhesion. Activation of ERK1/2 paralleled positive adhesiotropy, whereas adrenergic signaling induced PG phosphorylation at S665 under both basal and hyperadhesive conditions. Adrenergic signaling and p38MAPK inhibition recruited DSG2 to cell junctions. In PG-deficient mice with an AC phenotype, only PKC activation and p38MAPK inhibition enhanced cardiomyocyte adhesion. Our results demonstrate that cardiomyocyte adhesion can be stabilized by different signaling mechanisms, which are in part offset in PG-deficient AC. Desmosome mediated cardiomyocyte adhesion, crucial in the pathology of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, is differentially regulated by multiple signaling mechanisms that depend either on ERK1/2 or plakoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Shoykhet
- Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Trenz
- Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ellen Kempf
- Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tatjana Williams
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center and Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Brenda Gerull
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center and Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Camilla Schinner
- Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sunil Yeruva
- Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Potential Molecular Mechanism of the NPPB Gene in Postischemic Heart Failure with and without T2DM. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2159460. [PMID: 32802835 PMCID: PMC7424400 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2159460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background This study is aimed at investigating natriuretic peptide B (NPPB) coexpression genes and their pathways involved in heart failure (HF) among patients both with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods The microarray dataset GSE26887, containing 19 postischemic HF patients' peripheral blood samples (7 with T2DM and 12 without T2DM), was examined to detect the genes coexpressed with NPPB using the corr.test function in the R packet. Furthermore, using online analytical tools, we determined the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) annotation, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the coexpression genes. The modules and hub genes of the PPI network were then identified using the Cytoscape software. Results In patients with T2DM, a total of 41 biological processes (BP), 20 cellular components (CC), 13 molecular functions (MF), and 41 pathways were identified. Furthermore, a total of 61 BPs, 16 CCs, 13 MFs, and 22 pathways in patients without T2DM were identified. In both groups of patients, 17 BPs, 10 CCs, 6 MFs, and 13 pathways were enriched. We also identified 173 intersectional coexpression genes (63 positively, 106 negatively, and 4 differently coexpressed in patients with and without T2DM, respectively) in both types of patients, which were enriched in 16 BPs, 8 CCs, 3 MFs, and 8 KEGG pathways. Moreover, the PPI network (containing 237 edges and 170 nodes) with the top module significantly enriched in 4 BPs (tricarboxylic acid metabolic process, citrate metabolic process, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and aerobic respiration) and 3 pathways (citrate cycle, malaria parasite metabolic pathway, and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications) was constructed. DECR1, BGN, TIMP1, VCAN, and CTCF are the top hub genes. Conclusions Our findings may elucidate the functions and roles of the NPPB gene in patients with postischemic HF and facilitate HF management.
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Ca 2+ Release via IP 3 Receptors Shapes the Cardiac Ca 2+ Transient for Hypertrophic Signaling. Biophys J 2020; 119:1178-1192. [PMID: 32871099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) plays a central role in mediating both contractile function and hypertrophic signaling in ventricular cardiomyocytes. L-type Ca2+ channels trigger release of Ca2+ from ryanodine receptors for cellular contraction, whereas signaling downstream of G-protein-coupled receptors stimulates Ca2+ release via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), engaging hypertrophic signaling pathways. Modulation of the amplitude, duration, and duty cycle of the cytosolic Ca2+ contraction signal and spatial localization have all been proposed to encode this hypertrophic signal. Given current knowledge of IP3Rs, we develop a model describing the effect of functional interaction (cross talk) between ryanodine receptor and IP3R channels on the Ca2+ transient and examine the sensitivity of the Ca2+ transient shape to properties of IP3R activation. A key result of our study is that IP3R activation increases Ca2+ transient duration for a broad range of IP3R properties, but the effect of IP3R activation on Ca2+ transient amplitude is dependent on IP3 concentration. Furthermore we demonstrate that IP3-mediated Ca2+ release in the cytosol increases the duty cycle of the Ca2+ transient, the fraction of the cycle for which [Ca2+] is elevated, across a broad range of parameter values and IP3 concentrations. When coupled to a model of downstream transcription factor (NFAT) activation, we demonstrate that there is a high correspondence between the Ca2+ transient duty cycle and the proportion of activated NFAT in the nucleus. These findings suggest increased cytosolic Ca2+ duty cycle as a plausible mechanism for IP3-dependent hypertrophic signaling via Ca2+-sensitive transcription factors such as NFAT in ventricular cardiomyocytes.
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Resolving the Ionotropic P2X4 Receptor Mystery Points Towards a New Therapeutic Target for Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145005. [PMID: 32679900 PMCID: PMC7404342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a primordial versatile autacoid that changes its role from an intracellular energy saver to a signaling molecule once released to the extracellular milieu. Extracellular ATP and its adenosine metabolite are the main activators of the P2 and P1 purinoceptor families, respectively. Mounting evidence suggests that the ionotropic P2X4 receptor (P2X4R) plays pivotal roles in the regulation of the cardiovascular system, yet further therapeutic advances have been hampered by the lack of selective P2X4R agonists. In this review, we provide the state of the art of the P2X4R activity in the cardiovascular system. We also discuss the role of P2X4R activation in kidney and lungs vis a vis their interplay to control cardiovascular functions and dysfunctions, including putative adverse effects emerging from P2X4R activation. Gathering this information may prompt further development of selective P2X4R agonists and its translation to the clinical practice.
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Zhao J, Wang Y, Gao J, Jing Y, Xin W. Berberine Mediated Positive Inotropic Effects on Rat Hearts via a Ca 2+-Dependent Mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:821. [PMID: 32581792 PMCID: PMC7289965 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that berberine, an alkaloid from Coptis Chinensis Franch, might exert a positive inotropic effect on the heart. However, the underlying mechanisms were unclear. Here, we reported that berberine at 10–20 µM increased the left ventricular (LV) developed pressure and the maximal rate of the pressure rising, and it increased the maximal rate of the pressure descending at 20 µM in Langendorff-perfused isolated rat hearts. These effects diminished with the concentration of berberine increasing to 50 µM. In the concentration range of 50–300 µM, berberine increased the isometric tension of isolated left ventricular muscle (LVM) strips with or without electrical stimulations, and it (30–300 µM) also increased the intracellular Ca2+ level in the isolated LV myocytes. The removal of extracellular Ca2+ hindered the berberine-induced increases in the tension of LVM strips and the intracellular Ca2+ level of LV myocytes. These suggested that berberine might exert its positive inotropic effects via enhancing Ca2+ influx. The blockade of L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) with nifedipine significantly attenuated 300 μM berberine-induced tension increase in LVM strips but not the increase in the intracellular Ca2+ level. Berberine (300 μM) further increased the LVM tension following the treatment with the LTCC opener FPL-64716 (10 μM), indicating an LTCC-independent effect of berberine. Lowering extracellular Na+ attenuated the berberine-induced increases in both the tension of LVM strips and the intracellular Ca2+ level of LV myocytes. In conclusion, berberine might exert a positive inotropic effect on the isolated rat heart by enhancing the Ca2+ influx in LV myocytes; these were extracellular Na+-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaqian Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Jing
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenkuan Xin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Abstract
Ionized calcium (Ca2+) is the most versatile cellular messenger. All cells use Ca2+ signals to regulate their activities in response to extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli. Alterations in cellular Ca2+ signaling and/or Ca2+ homeostasis can subvert physiological processes into driving pathological outcomes. Imaging of living cells over the past decades has demonstrated that Ca2+ signals encode information in their frequency, kinetics, amplitude, and spatial extent. These parameters alter depending on the type and intensity of stimulation, and cellular context. Moreover, it is evident that different cell types produce widely varying Ca2+ signals, with properties that suit their physiological functions. This primer discusses basic principles and mechanisms underlying cellular Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ homeostasis. Consequently, we have cited some historical articles in addition to more recent findings. A brief summary of the core features of cellular Ca2+ signaling is provided, with particular focus on Ca2+ stores and Ca2+ transport across cellular membranes, as well as mechanisms by which Ca2+ signals activate downstream effector systems.
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