1
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Lomeli C. S, Kristin B. A. Epigenetic regulation of craniofacial development and disease. Birth Defects Res 2024; 116:e2271. [PMID: 37964651 PMCID: PMC10872612 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of the craniofacial complex relies on proper neural crest development. The gene regulatory networks (GRNs) and signaling pathways orchestrating this process have been extensively studied. These GRNs and signaling cascades are tightly regulated as alterations to any stage of neural crest development can lead to common congenital birth defects, including multiple syndromes affecting facial morphology as well as nonsyndromic facial defects, such as cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Epigenetic factors add a hierarchy to the regulation of transcriptional networks and influence the spatiotemporal activation or repression of specific gene regulatory cascades; however less is known about their exact mechanisms in controlling precise gene regulation. AIMS In this review, we discuss the role of epigenetic factors during neural crest development, specifically during craniofacial development and how compromised activities of these regulators contribute to congenital defects that affect the craniofacial complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shull Lomeli C.
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Artinger Kristin B.
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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2
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Stathopoulou A, Wang P, Thellier C, Kelly RG, Zheng D, Scambler PJ. CHARGE syndrome-associated CHD7 acts at ISL1-regulated enhancers to modulate second heart field gene expression. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2089-2105. [PMID: 37052590 PMCID: PMC10478754 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Haploinsufficiency of the chromo-domain protein CHD7 underlies most cases of CHARGE syndrome, a multisystem birth defect including congenital heart malformation. Context specific roles for CHD7 in various stem, progenitor, and differentiated cell lineages have been reported. Previously, we showed severe defects when Chd7 is absent from cardiopharyngeal mesoderm (CPM). Here, we investigate altered gene expression in the CPM and identify specific CHD7-bound target genes with known roles in the morphogenesis of affected structures. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated conditional KO of Chd7 in CPM and analysed cardiac progenitor cells using transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses, in vivo expression analysis, and bioinformatic comparisons with existing datasets. We show CHD7 is required for correct expression of several genes established as major players in cardiac development, especially within the second heart field (SHF). We identified CHD7 binding sites in cardiac progenitor cells and found strong association with histone marks suggestive of dynamically regulated enhancers during the mesodermal to cardiac progenitor transition of mESC differentiation. Moreover, CHD7 shares a subset of its target sites with ISL1, a pioneer transcription factor in the cardiogenic gene regulatory network, including one enhancer modulating Fgf10 expression in SHF progenitor cells vs. differentiating cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION We show that CHD7 interacts with ISL1, binds ISL1-regulated cardiac enhancers, and modulates gene expression across the mesodermal heart fields during cardiac morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Stathopoulou
- Developmental Biology of Birth Defects, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Robert G Kelly
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Peter J Scambler
- Developmental Biology of Birth Defects, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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3
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Isoda M, Sanosaka T, Tomooka R, Mabuchi Y, Shinozaki M, Andoh-Noda T, Banno S, Mizota N, Yamaguchi R, Okano H, Kohyama J. Mesenchymal properties of iPSC-derived neural progenitors that generate undesired grafts after transplantation. Commun Biol 2023; 6:611. [PMID: 37286713 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although neural stem/progenitor cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-NS/PCs) are expected to be a cell source for cell-based therapy, tumorigenesis of hiPSC-NS/PCs is a potential problem for clinical applications. Therefore, to understand the mechanisms of tumorigenicity in NS/PCs, we clarified the cell populations of NS/PCs. We established single cell-derived NS/PC clones (scNS/PCs) from hiPSC-NS/PCs that generated undesired grafts. Additionally, we performed bioassays on scNS/PCs, which classified cell types within parental hiPSC-NS/PCs. Interestingly, we found unique subsets of scNS/PCs, which exhibited the transcriptome signature of mesenchymal lineages. Furthermore, these scNS/PCs expressed both neural (PSA-NCAM) and mesenchymal (CD73 and CD105) markers, and had an osteogenic differentiation capacity. Notably, eliminating CD73+ CD105+ cells from among parental hiPSC-NS/PCs ensured the quality of hiPSC-NS/PCs. Taken together, the existence of unexpected cell populations among NS/PCs may explain their tumorigenicity leading to potential safety issues of hiPSC-NS/PCs for future regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Isoda
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Kobe Center, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sanosaka
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ryo Tomooka
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yo Mabuchi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Intractable Disease Research Centre, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Munehisa Shinozaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoko Andoh-Noda
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Satoe Banno
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Noriko Mizota
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamaguchi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Kobe Center, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Jun Kohyama
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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4
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Chromatin remodeler CHD7 targets active enhancer region to regulate cell type-specific gene expression in human neural crest cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22648. [PMID: 36587182 PMCID: PMC9805427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A mutation in the chromatin remodeler chromodomain helicase DNA-binding 7 (CHD7) gene causes the multiple congenital anomaly CHARGE syndrome. The craniofacial anomalies observed in CHARGE syndrome are caused by dysfunctions of neural crest cells (NCCs), which originate from the neural tube. However, the mechanism by which CHD7 regulates the function of human NCCs (hNCCs) remains unclear. We aimed to characterize the cis-regulatory elements governed by CHD7 in hNCCs by analyzing genome-wide ChIP-Seq data and identifying hNCC-specific CHD7-binding profiles. We compared CHD7-binding regions among cell types, including human induced pluripotent stem cells and human neuroepithelial cells, to determine the comprehensive properties of CHD7-binding in hNCCs. Importantly, analysis of the hNCC-specific CHD7-bound region revealed transcription factor AP-2α as a potential co-factor facilitating the cell type-specific transcriptional program in hNCCs. CHD7 was strongly associated with active enhancer regions, permitting the expression of hNCC-specific genes to sustain the function of hNCCs. Our findings reveal the regulatory mechanisms of CHD7 in hNCCs, thus providing additional information regarding the transcriptional programs in hNCCs.
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5
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Nie J, Ueda Y, Solivais AJ, Hashino E. CHD7 regulates otic lineage specification and hair cell differentiation in human inner ear organoids. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7053. [PMID: 36396635 PMCID: PMC9672366 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34759-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in CHD7 cause CHARGE syndrome, affecting multiple organs including the inner ear in humans. We investigate how CHD7 mutations affect inner ear development using human pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids as a model system. We find that loss of CHD7 or its chromatin remodeling activity leads to complete absence of hair cells and supporting cells, which can be explained by dysregulation of key otic development-associated genes in mutant otic progenitors. Further analysis of the mutant otic progenitors suggests that CHD7 can regulate otic genes through a chromatin remodeling-independent mechanism. Results from transcriptome profiling of hair cells reveal disruption of deafness gene expression as a potential underlying mechanism of CHARGE-associated sensorineural hearing loss. Notably, co-differentiating CHD7 knockout and wild-type cells in chimeric organoids partially rescues mutant phenotypes by restoring otherwise severely dysregulated otic genes. Taken together, our results suggest that CHD7 plays a critical role in regulating human otic lineage specification and hair cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Nie
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yoshitomo Ueda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Alexander J Solivais
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Eri Hashino
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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6
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Evolutionarily conservative and non-conservative regulatory networks during primate interneuron development revealed by single-cell RNA and ATAC sequencing. Cell Res 2022; 32:425-436. [PMID: 35273378 PMCID: PMC9061815 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The differences in size and function between primate and rodent brains, and the association of disturbed excitatory/inhibitory balance with many neurodevelopmental disorders highlight the importance to study primate ganglionic eminences (GEs) development. Here we used single-cell RNA and ATAC sequencing to characterize the emergence of cell diversity in monkey and human GEs where most striatal and cortical interneurons are generated. We identified regional and temporal diversity among progenitor cells which give rise to a variety of interneurons. These cells are specified within the primate GEs by well conserved gene regulatory networks, similar to those identified in mice. However, we detected, in human, several novel regulatory pathways or factors involved in the specification and migration of interneurons. Importantly, comparison of progenitors between our human and published mouse GE datasets led to the discovery and confirmation of outer radial glial cells in GEs in human cortex. Our findings reveal both evolutionarily conservative and nonconservative regulatory networks in primate GEs, which may contribute to their larger brain sizes and more complex neural networks compared with mouse.
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7
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Harnessing the Power of Stem Cell Models to Study Shared Genetic Variants in Congenital Heart Diseases and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030460. [PMID: 35159270 PMCID: PMC8833927 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technology allow one to deconstruct the human body into specific disease-relevant cell types or create functional units representing various organs. hPSC-based models present a unique opportunity for the study of co-occurring disorders where “cause and effect” can be addressed. Poor neurodevelopmental outcomes have been reported in children with congenital heart diseases (CHD). Intuitively, abnormal cardiac function or surgical intervention may stunt the developing brain, leading to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). However, recent work has uncovered several genetic variants within genes associated with the development of both the heart and brain that could also explain this co-occurrence. Given the scalability of hPSCs, straightforward genetic modification, and established differentiation strategies, it is now possible to investigate both CHD and NDD as independent events. We will first overview the potential for shared genetics in both heart and brain development. We will then summarize methods to differentiate both cardiac & neural cells and organoids from hPSCs that represent the developmental process of the heart and forebrain. Finally, we will highlight strategies to rapidly screen several genetic variants together to uncover potential phenotypes and how therapeutic advances could be achieved by hPSC-based models.
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8
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Abstract
Chromatin is highly dynamic, undergoing continuous global changes in its structure and type of histone and DNA modifications governed by processes such as transcription, repair, replication, and recombination. Members of the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding (CHD) family of enzymes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that are intimately involved in the regulation of chromatin dynamics, altering nucleosomal structure and DNA accessibility. Genetic studies in yeast, fruit flies, zebrafish, and mice underscore essential roles of CHD enzymes in regulating cellular fate and identity, as well as proper embryonic development. With the advent of next-generation sequencing, evidence is emerging that these enzymes are subjected to frequent DNA copy number alterations or mutations and show aberrant expression in malignancies and other human diseases. As such, they might prove to be valuable biomarkers or targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Alendar
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Berns
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, The Netherlands
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9
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Dilshat R, Vu HN, Steingrímsson E. Epigenetic regulation during melanocyte development and homeostasis. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1033-1050. [PMID: 34003523 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Melanocytes originate in the neural crest as precursor cells which then migrate and proliferate to reach their destination where they differentiate into pigment-producing cells. Melanocytes not only determine the colour of hair, skin and eyes but also protect against the harmful effects of UV irradiation. The establishment of the melanocyte lineage is regulated by a defined set of transcription factors and signalling pathways that direct the specific gene expression programmes underpinning melanoblast specification, survival, migration, proliferation and differentiation. In addition, epigenetic modifiers and replacement histones play key roles in regulating gene expression and its timing during the different steps of this process. Here, we discuss the evidence for the role of epigenetic regulators in melanocyte development and function and how they interact with transcription factors and signalling pathways to establish and maintain this important cell lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramile Dilshat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, BioMedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hong Nhung Vu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, BioMedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Eiríkur Steingrímsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, BioMedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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10
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Morrison JB, Fisher BM, Arra A, Bezuhly M, Blake K. A case of migraine treatment in a patient with a clinical diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome using onabotulinum toxin A. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:2514-2518. [PMID: 34003564 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects multiple organ and sensory systems. Cranial nerve involvement is one of the key clinical diagnostic criteria. We present the case of an 8-year-old girl with CHARGE syndrome, associated right-sided facial palsy, and chronic severe migraines, that were intractable to medical treatment. At age 6, onabotulinum toxin A was used to weaken the contralateral non-paralyzed side of her face to address her stigmatizing asymmetry. Onabotulinum toxin A chemodenervation was performed on the left lower lip depressors to relax the muscles and improve left lower lip position. Coincidentally, it was noted that with these treatments, migraine symptoms resolved. As the chemodenervation subsided over the next 3-4 months, the severe migraines returned. Continued treatment with onabotulinum toxin A injections every 3 months has resulted in ongoing improvements in facial symmetry and migraine control. Onabotulinum toxin A is a well-known treatment of chronic migraine. Injections are usually directed to the occipitalis, frontalis, and corrugator muscles. The literature has no reports of injections to the lower lip depressors as a useful therapy for migraine, making the results from this case unique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia B Morrison
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Bradley M Fisher
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angela Arra
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Michael Bezuhly
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kim Blake
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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11
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Xu Q, Xu Y, Cao K, Deng N, Wang R, Zhang X, Zheng R, Li G, Fang Y. TAD boundary and strength prediction by integrating sequence and epigenetic profile information. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:6236056. [PMID: 33866359 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Topologically associated domains (TADs) are one of the important higher order chromatin structures with various sizes in the eukaryotic genomes. TAD boundaries, as the flanking regions between adjacent domains, can restrict the interactions of regulatory elements, including enhancers and promoters, and are generally dynamic and variable in different cells. However, the influence of sequence and epigenetic profile-based features in the identification of TAD boundaries is largely unknown. In this work, we proposed a method called pTADS (prediction of TAD boundary and strength), to predict TAD boundaries and boundary strength across multiple cell lines with DNA sequence and epigenetic profile information. The performance was assessed in seven cell lines and three TAD calling methods. The results demonstrate that the TAD boundary can be well predicted by the selected shared features across multiple cell lines. Especially, the model can be transferable to predict the TAD boundary from one cell line to other cell lines. The boundary strength can be characterized by boundary score with good performance. The predicted TAD boundary and TAD boundary strength are further confirmed by three Hi-C contact matrix-based methods across multiple cell lines. The codes and datasets are available at https://github.com/chrom3DEpi/pTADS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Wang
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Yaqi Liu
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Qian Xu
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Yao Xu
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Kai Cao
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Nan Deng
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Ruimin Wang
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Ruiqin Zheng
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Fang
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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12
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Lettieri A, Oleari R, Paganoni AJJ, Gervasini C, Massa V, Fantin A, Cariboni A. Semaphorin Regulation by the Chromatin Remodeler CHD7: An Emerging Genetic Interaction Shaping Neural Cells and Neural Crest in Development and Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:638674. [PMID: 33869187 PMCID: PMC8047133 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.638674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CHD7 is a chromatin remodeler protein that controls gene expression via the formation of multi-protein complexes with specific transcription factors. During development, CHD7 controls several differentiation programs, mainly by acting on neural progenitors and neural crest (NC) cells. Thus, its roles range from the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system and the organs colonized by NC cells, including the heart. Accordingly, mutated CHD7 is linked to CHARGE syndrome, which is characterized by several neuronal dysfunctions and by malformations of NC-derived/populated organs. Altered CHD7 has also been associated with different neoplastic transformations. Interestingly, recent evidence revealed that semaphorins, a class of molecules involved in developmental and pathological processes similar to those controlled by CHD7, are regulated by CHD7 in a context-specific manner. In this article, we will review the recent insights that support the existence of genetic interactions between these pathways, both during developmental processes and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Lettieri
- CRC Aldo Ravelli for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Oleari
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alyssa J J Paganoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Gervasini
- CRC Aldo Ravelli for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Massa
- CRC Aldo Ravelli for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fantin
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Cariboni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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13
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Fan X, Masamsetti VP, Sun JQ, Engholm-Keller K, Osteil P, Studdert J, Graham ME, Fossat N, Tam PP. TWIST1 and chromatin regulatory proteins interact to guide neural crest cell differentiation. eLife 2021; 10:62873. [PMID: 33554859 PMCID: PMC7968925 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein interaction is critical molecular regulatory activity underlining cellular functions and precise cell fate choices. Using TWIST1 BioID-proximity-labeling and network propagation analyses, we discovered and characterized a TWIST-chromatin regulatory module (TWIST1-CRM) in the neural crest cells (NCC). Combinatorial perturbation of core members of TWIST1-CRM: TWIST1, CHD7, CHD8, and WHSC1 in cell models and mouse embryos revealed that loss of the function of the regulatory module resulted in abnormal differentiation of NCCs and compromised craniofacial tissue patterning. Following NCC delamination, low level of TWIST1-CRM activity is instrumental to stabilize the early NCC signatures and migratory potential by repressing the neural stem cell programs. High level of TWIST1 module activity at later phases commits the cells to the ectomesenchyme. Our study further revealed the functional interdependency of TWIST1 and potential neurocristopathy factors in NCC development. Shaping the head and face during development relies on a complex ballet of molecular signals that orchestrates the movement and specialization of various groups of cells. In animals with a backbone for example, neural crest cells (NCCs for short) can march long distances from the developing spine to become some of the tissues that form the skull and cartilage but also the pigment cells and nervous system. NCCs mature into specific cell types thanks to a complex array of factors which trigger a precise sequence of binary fate decisions at the right time and place. Amongst these factors, the protein TWIST1 can set up a cascade of genetic events that control how NCCs will ultimately form tissues in the head. To do so, the TWIST1 protein interacts with many other molecular actors, many of which are still unknown. To find some of these partners, Fan et al. studied TWIST1 in the NCCs of mice and cells grown in the lab. The experiments showed that TWIST1 interacted with CHD7, CHD8 and WHSC1, three proteins that help to switch genes on and off, and which contribute to NCCs moving across the head during development. Further work by Fan et al. then revealed that together, these molecular actors are critical for NCCs to form cells that will form facial bones and cartilage, as opposed to becoming neurons. This result helps to show that there is a trade-off between NCCs forming the face or being part of the nervous system. One in three babies born with a birth defect shows anomalies of the head and face: understanding the exact mechanisms by which NCCs contribute to these structures may help to better predict risks for parents, or to develop new approaches for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Fan
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - V Pragathi Masamsetti
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jane Qj Sun
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kasper Engholm-Keller
- Synapse Proteomics Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Pierre Osteil
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joshua Studdert
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark E Graham
- Synapse Proteomics Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicolas Fossat
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Patrick Pl Tam
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
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14
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Yao H, Hannum DF, Zhai Y, Hill SF, Albanus RD'O, Lou W, Skidmore JM, Sanchez G, Saiakhova A, Bielas SL, Scacheri P, Ljungman M, Parker SCJ, Martin DM. CHD7 promotes neural progenitor differentiation in embryonic stem cells via altered chromatin accessibility and nascent gene expression. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17445. [PMID: 33060836 PMCID: PMC7562747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74537-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome, a rare multiple congenital anomaly condition, is caused by haploinsufficiency of the chromatin remodeling protein gene CHD7 (Chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7). Brain abnormalities and intellectual disability are commonly observed in individuals with CHARGE, and neuronal differentiation is reduced in CHARGE patient-derived iPSCs and conditional knockout mouse brains. However, the mechanisms of CHD7 function in nervous system development are not well understood. In this study, we asked whether CHD7 promotes gene transcription in neural progenitor cells via changes in chromatin accessibility. We used Chd7 null embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from Chd7 mutant mouse blastocysts as a tool to investigate roles of CHD7 in neuronal and glial differentiation. Loss of Chd7 significantly reduced neuronal and glial differentiation. Sholl analysis showed that loss of Chd7 impaired neuronal complexity and neurite length in differentiated neurons. Genome-wide studies demonstrated that loss of Chd7 leads to modified chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq) and differential nascent expression (Bru-Seq) of neural-specific genes. These results suggest that CHD7 acts preferentially to alter chromatin accessibility of key genes during the transition of NPCs to neurons to promote differentiation. Our results form a basis for understanding the cell stage-specific roles for CHD7-mediated chromatin remodeling during cell lineage acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 8220C MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5652, USA
| | - Douglas F Hannum
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yiwen Zhai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 8220C MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5652, USA.,Center of Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sophie F Hill
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Wenjia Lou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 8220C MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5652, USA
| | - Jennifer M Skidmore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 8220C MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5652, USA
| | - Gilson Sanchez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 8220C MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5652, USA
| | - Alina Saiakhova
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie L Bielas
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter Scacheri
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen C J Parker
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Donna M Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 8220C MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5652, USA. .,Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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15
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CHD7 Regulates Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Follicle Cells via PTH1R Signaling. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8882857. [PMID: 33014071 PMCID: PMC7525296 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8882857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7) is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzyme, functioning as chromatin reader to conduct epigenetic modification. Its effect on osteogenic differentiation of human dental follicle cells (hDFCs) remains unclear. Here, we show the CHD7 expression increases with osteogenic differentiation. The knockdown of CHD7 impairs the osteogenic ability of hDFCs, characterized by reduced alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization, and the decreased expression of osteogenesis-related genes. Conversely, the CHD7 overexpression enhances the osteogenic differentiation of hDFCs. Mechanically, RNA-seq analyses revealed the downregulated enrichment of PTH (parathyroid hormone)/PTH1R (parathyroid hormone receptor-1) signaling pathway after CHD7 knockdown. We found the expression of PTH1R positively correlates with CHD7. Importantly, the overexpression of PTH1R in CHD7-knockdown hDFCs partially rescued the impaired osteogenic differentiation. Our research demonstrates that CHD7 regulates the osteogenic differentiation of hDFCs by regulating the transcription of PTH1R.
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16
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Wang J, Lu QR. Convergent epigenetic regulation of glial plasticity in myelin repair and brain tumorigenesis: A focus on histone modifying enzymes. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 144:105040. [PMID: 32800999 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain regeneration and tumorigenesis are complex processes involving in changes in chromatin structure to regulate cellular states at the molecular and genomic level. The modulation of chromatin structure dynamics is critical for maintaining progenitor cell plasticity, growth and differentiation. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) can be differentiated into mature oligodendrocytes, which produce myelin sheathes to permit saltatory nerve conduction. OPCs and their primitive progenitors such as pri-OPC or pre-OPC are highly adaptive and plastic during injury repair or brain tumor formation. Recent studies indicate that chromatin modifications and epigenetic homeostasis through histone modifying enzymes shape genomic regulatory landscape conducive to OPC fate specification, lineage differentiation, maintenance of myelin sheaths, as well as brain tumorigenesis. Thus, histone modifications can be convergent mechanisms in regulating OPC plasticity and malignant transformation. In this review, we will focus on the impact of histone modifying enzymes in modulating OPC plasticity during normal development, myelin regeneration and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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17
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Evsen L, Li X, Zhang S, Razin S, Doetzlhofer A. let-7 miRNAs inhibit CHD7 expression and control auditory-sensory progenitor cell behavior in the developing inner ear. Development 2020; 147:147/15/dev183384. [PMID: 32816902 DOI: 10.1242/dev.183384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved lethal-7 (let-7) microRNAs (miRNAs) are well-known activators of proliferative quiescence and terminal differentiation. However, in the murine auditory organ, let-7g overexpression delays the differentiation of mechano-sensory hair cells (HCs). To address whether the role of let-7 in auditory-sensory differentiation is conserved among vertebrates, we manipulated let-7 levels within the chicken auditory organ: the basilar papilla. Using a let-7 sponge construct to sequester let-7 miRNAs, we found that endogenous let-7 miRNAs are essential for limiting the self-renewal of HC progenitor cells. Furthermore, let-7b overexpression experiments revealed that, similar to mice, higher than normal let-7 levels slow/delay HC differentiation. Finally, we identify CHD7, a chromatin remodeler, as a candidate for mediating the repressive function of let-7 in HC differentiation and inner ear morphogenesis. Our analysis uncovered an evolutionarily conserved let-7-5p-binding site within the chicken Chd7 gene and its human and murine homologs, and we show that let-7g overexpression in mice limits CHD7 expression in the developing inner ear, retina and brain. Haploinsufficiency of CHD7 in humans causes CHARGE syndrome and attenuation of let-7 function may be an effective method for treating CHD7 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lale Evsen
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xiaojun Li
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shuran Zhang
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sharjil Razin
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Angelika Doetzlhofer
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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18
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Cardiac Neural Crest Cells: Their Rhombomeric Specification, Migration, and Association with Heart and Great Vessel Anomalies. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:403-429. [PMID: 32405705 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00863-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Outflow tract abnormalities are the most frequent congenital heart defects. These are due to the absence or dysfunction of the two main cell types, i.e., neural crest cells and secondary heart field cells that migrate in opposite directions at the same stage of development. These cells directly govern aortic arch patterning and development, ascending aorta dilatation, semi-valvular and coronary artery development, aortopulmonary septation abnormalities, persistence of the ductus arteriosus, trunk and proximal pulmonary arteries, sub-valvular conal ventricular septal/rotational defects, and non-compaction of the left ventricle. In some cases, depending on the functional defects of these cells, additional malformations are found in the expected spatial migratory area of the cells, namely in the pharyngeal arch derivatives and cervico-facial structures. Associated non-cardiovascular anomalies are often underestimated, since the multipotency and functional alteration of these cells can result in the modification of multiple neural, epidermal, and cervical structures at different levels. In most cases, patients do not display the full phenotype of abnormalities, but congenital cardiac defects involving the ventricular outflow tract, ascending aorta, aortic arch and supra-aortic trunks should be considered as markers for possible impaired function of these cells. Neural crest cells should not be considered as a unique cell population but on the basis of their cervical rhombomere origins R3-R5 or R6-R7-R8 and specific migration patterns: R3-R4 towards arch II, R5-R6 arch III and R7-R8 arch IV and VI. A better understanding of their development may lead to the discovery of unknown associated abnormalities, thereby enabling potential improvements to be made to the therapeutic approach.
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19
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Sun Y, Sun J, Li N, Cai C, Gong X, Ma L. Phenotypic spectrum of typical CHARGE syndrome in a Chinese male neonate: a case report. Transl Pediatr 2020; 9:180-186. [PMID: 32477919 PMCID: PMC7237969 DOI: 10.21037/tp.2020.03.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is a rare and complex disorder, causing multiple birth defects and sensory deficits. The CHD7 gene was proved to be the major pathogenic gene in CHARGE syndrome. To date, the phenotype of neonatal CHARGE syndrome is still poorly recognized. In this paper, we report a Chinese neonate with typical CHARGE syndrome. During his stay in the neonatal intensive care unit of our hospital, the patient presented with various appearance abnormalities, severe dyspnea, dysphagia and recurrent infection. Integrated analysis of the clinical manifestations and examinations suggested a diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome. Later, the genetic analysis revealed a de novo null heterozygous pathogenic mutation in the patient's CHD7 gene [c.6292C>T (p.Arg2098*)]. Taken together, the patient was diagnostic confirmed as typical CHARGE syndrome. The physicians provided symptomatic treatments for the patient which significantly alleviated his condition, including infection control, laryngoplasty, nasogastric tube feeding and respiratory support. To our knowledge, this case broadens the clinical phenotypic spectrum of typical CHARGE syndrome in neonatal period due to the null mutation of CHD7 gene [c.6292C>T (p.Arg2098*)]. It also demonstrates that genetic analysis is essential in the diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome early in life. Clinicians should focus on providing supportive and corrective therapies in early treatment, particularly in controlling infection, and improving breathing and feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Sun
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Cheng Cai
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xiaohui Gong
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
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20
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George A, Cogliati T, Brooks BP. Genetics of syndromic ocular coloboma: CHARGE and COACH syndromes. Exp Eye Res 2020; 193:107940. [PMID: 32032630 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.107940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Optic fissure closure defects result in uveal coloboma, a potentially blinding condition affecting between 0.5 and 2.6 per 10,000 births that may cause up to 10% of childhood blindness. Uveal coloboma is on a phenotypic continuum with microphthalmia (small eye) and anophthalmia (primordial/no ocular tissue), the so-called MAC spectrum. This review gives a brief overview of the developmental biology behind coloboma and its clinical presentation/spectrum. Special attention will be given to two prominent, syndromic forms of coloboma, namely, CHARGE (Coloboma, Heart defect, Atresia choanae, Retarded growth and development, Genital hypoplasia, and Ear anomalies/deafness) and COACH (Cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, Oligophrenia, Ataxia, Coloboma, and Hepatic fibrosis) syndromes. Approaches employed to identify genes involved in optic fissure closure in animal models and recent advances in live imaging of zebrafish eye development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman George
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Tiziana Cogliati
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Brian P Brooks
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA.
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21
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Okumura A, Hayashi T, Ebisawa M, Yoshimura M, Sasagawa Y, Nikaido I, Umesono Y, Mochii M. Cell type-specific transcriptome analysis unveils secreted signaling molecule genes expressed in apical epithelial cap during appendage regeneration. Dev Growth Differ 2019; 61:447-456. [PMID: 31713234 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Wound epidermis (WE) and the apical epithelial cap (AEC) are believed to trigger regeneration of amputated appendages such as limb and tail in amphibians by producing certain secreted signaling molecules. To date, however, only limited information about the molecular signatures of these epidermal structures is available. Here we used a transgenic Xenopus laevis line harboring the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) gene under control of an es1 gene regulatory sequence to isolate WE/AEC cells by performing fluorescence-activated cell sorting during the time course of tail regeneration (day 1, day 2, day 3 and day 4 after amputation). Time-course transcriptome analysis of these isolated WE/AEC cells revealed that more than 8,000 genes, including genes involved in signaling pathways such as those of reactive oxygen species, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), canonical and non-canonical Wnt, transforming growth factor β (TGF β) and Notch, displayed dynamic changes of their expression during tail regeneration. Notably, this approach enabled us to newly identify seven secreted signaling molecule genes (mdk, fstl, slit1, tgfβ1, bmp7.1, angptl2 and egfl6) that are highly expressed in tail AEC cells. Among these genes, five (mdk, fstl, slit1, tgfβ1 and bmp7.1) were also highly expressed in limb AEC cells but the other two (angptl2 and egfl6) are specifically expressed in tail AEC cells. Interestingly, there was no expression of fgf8 in tail WE/AEC cells, whose expression and pivotal role in limb AEC cells have been reported previously. Thus, we identified common and different properties between tail and limb AEC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Okumura
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Akou-gun, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Hayashi
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masashi Ebisawa
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mika Yoshimura
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yohei Sasagawa
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Itoshi Nikaido
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.,School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Umesono
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Akou-gun, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Makoto Mochii
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Akou-gun, Hyogo, Japan
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22
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Liu H, Liu ZZ. Aggressive-like behavior and increased glycine transporters in a zebrafish model of CHARGE syndrome. Behav Brain Res 2019; 378:112293. [PMID: 31610215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Coloboma, heart defects, choanal atresia, restricted growth and development, genital hypoplasia, ear abnormalities and/or hearing loss (CHARGE) syndrome is a congenital disorder that is mainly caused by mutations within chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 (chd7). Behavioral abnormalities have been addressed in CHARGE syndrome, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here, we performed four behavioral tests-including the open-field test, novel-tank test, shoaling test and mirror-induced attack test-in chd7 heterozygous zebrafish mutants in order to characterize the behavioral abnormalities in a zebrafish model of CHARGE syndrome. We found that chd7 heterozygous mutants exhibited anxious-like behavior and aggressive-like behavior in the open-field test and in the mirror-induced attack test, respectively, which resembled the reported behavioral abnormalities in CHARGE syndrome in humans. Moreover, we found that glycine and D-cycloserine treatment rescued the aggressive behavior of chd7 heterozygous zebrafish mutants, indicating that the excitation and inhibition balance might be disrupted in the brains of chd7 heterozygous zebrafish mutants. Further analysis showed that the expression of glycine transporters was dramatically increased in the brains of chd7 heterozygous zebrafish mutants. Treatment with an inhibitor of glycine transporter 1, sarcosine, partially rescued the aggressive-like behavior of chd7 heterozygous zebrafish mutants. Taken together, our data suggest that the aggressive behavior in CHARGE syndrome may be due to the increased expression of glycine transporters, and inhibition of the activity of glycine transporters may be an approach to treat the behavioral abnormalities in CHARGE syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Lab of Neural Development and Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Queen Mary College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhi-Zhi Liu
- Lab of Neural Development and Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Jiangxi Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Digestive and Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
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23
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Kasah S, Oddy C, Basson MA. Autism-linked CHD gene expression patterns during development predict multi-organ disease phenotypes. J Anat 2018; 233:755-769. [PMID: 30277262 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent large-scale exome sequencing studies have identified mutations in several members of the CHD (Chromodomain Helicase DNA-binding protein) gene family in neurodevelopmental disorders. Mutations in the CHD2 gene have been linked to developmental delay, intellectual disability, autism and seizures, CHD8 mutations to autism and intellectual disability, whereas haploinsufficiency of CHD7 is associated with executive dysfunction and intellectual disability. In addition to these neurodevelopmental features, a wide range of other developmental defects are associated with mutants of these genes, especially with regards to CHD7 haploinsufficiency, which is the primary cause of CHARGE syndrome. Whilst the developmental expression of CHD7 has been reported previously, limited information on the expression of CHD2 and CHD8 during development is available. Here, we compare the expression patterns of all three genes during mouse development directly. We find high, widespread expression of these genes at early stages of development that gradually becomes restricted during later developmental stages. Chd2 and Chd8 are widely expressed in the developing central nervous system (CNS) at all stages of development, with moderate expression remaining in the neocortex, hippocampus, olfactory bulb and cerebellum of the postnatal brain. Similarly, Chd7 expression is seen throughout the CNS during late embryogenesis and early postnatal development, with strong enrichment in the cerebellum, but displays low expression in the cortex and neurogenic niches in early life. In addition to expression in the brain, novel sites of Chd2 and Chd8 expression are reported. These findings suggest additional roles for these genes in organogenesis and predict that mutation of these genes may predispose individuals to a range of other, non-neurological developmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahrunizam Kasah
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher Oddy
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Albert Basson
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK.,MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
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24
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Xu YP, Shi LP, Zhu J. Atypical CHARGE associated with a novel frameshift mutation of CHD7 in a Chinese neonatal patient. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:203. [PMID: 29945602 PMCID: PMC6020284 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CHARGE syndrome is an autosomal dominant malformation disorder caused by heterozygous loss of function mutations in the chromatin remodeler CHD7, which has been estimated to occur in 1:10,000 births worldwide. It is a genetic disorder closely resembles other pattern of anomalies. Genetic testing should be pointed out as a useful method for clinical diagnosis. CASE PRESENTATION A female infant was the second child born to a 33-year-old, gravida 3, para 2 mother. The infant was born at 37 + 4 weeks of gestation with a birth weight of 2440 g (- 1.1 S.D.). Clinical examination showed atypical CHARGE syndrome, with choanal atresia, a heart defect, and sensorineural deafness. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral venous blood sample using molecular biological technique. We used the Illumina TruSigt One sequencing panel on the MiSeq next- generation sequencing (NGS) platform for mutation screening and found a novel frameshift mutation in chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7 (CHD7; c.4656dupT). This mutation results in a new reading frame ending in p.(Ile1553fs). At the first month of age, the patient had a posterior nostril plasty operation by nasal endoscope. At the second month of age, she had patent ductus arteriosus ligation surgery. At the 4th month of age, she was discharged from the hospital. CONCLUSIONS Our findings further reveal that patients should not be rejected for CHD7 mutational analysis even if they do not fulfill CHARGE syndrome Verloes criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Xu
- NICU, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Li-Ping Shi
- NICU, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jiajun Zhu
- Department of Neonatology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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