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Guha D, Singh V, Nandi S, Ramos EI, Gadad SS, Das C. ZMYND8 Is a Regulator of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in ATRA-Mediated Differentiation of Neuroblastoma Cells. Biochemistry 2024. [PMID: 38804064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.4c00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Zinc Finger MYND (Myeloid, Nervy, and DEAF-1) type containing 8 (ZMYND8) is a crucial epigenetic regulator that plays a multifaceted role in governing a spectrum of vital cellular processes, encompassing proliferation, apoptosis, migration, tumor suppression, and differentiation. It has emerged as a key player in neuronal differentiation by orchestrating the expression of neuronal lineage-committed genes. The present study uncovers the role of ZMYND8 in regulating the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling axis, which is crucial for neuronal differentiation. Genetic deletion of ZMYND8 leads to a significant reduction in SHH pathway genes, GLI1, and PTCH1 expression during all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced differentiation. ZMYND8 and RNA pol II S5P are found to co-occupy the GLI1 and PTCH1 gene promoters, positively impacting their gene transcription upon ATRA treatment. Interestingly, ZMYND8 is found to counteract the inhibitory effects of Cyclopamine that block the upstream SHH pathway protein SMO, resulting in enhanced neurite formation in neuroblastoma cells following their treatment with ATRA. These results indicate that ZMYND8 is an epigenetic regulator of the SHH signaling pathway and has tremendous therapeutic potential in ATRA-mediated differentiation of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deblina Guha
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Sector-I, Block-AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India
| | - Vipin Singh
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Sector-I, Block-AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, 2nd Floor, BARC Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandhik Nandi
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Sector-I, Block-AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, 2nd Floor, BARC Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Enrique I Ramos
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, Texas 79905, United States
| | - Shrikanth S Gadad
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, Texas 79905, United States
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson Cancer Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Sector-I, Block-AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, 2nd Floor, BARC Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India
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Wang S, Gu S, Chen J, Yuan Z, Liang P, Cui H. Mechanism of Notch Signaling Pathway in Malignant Progression of Glioblastoma and Targeted Therapy. Biomolecules 2024; 14:480. [PMID: 38672496 PMCID: PMC11048644 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of glioma and the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system. Despite significant advances in clinical management strategies and diagnostic techniques for GBM in recent years, it remains a fatal disease. The current standard of care includes surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, but the five-year survival rate for patients is less than 5%. The search for a more precise diagnosis and earlier intervention remains a critical and urgent challenge in clinical practice. The Notch signaling pathway is a critical signaling system that has been extensively studied in the malignant progression of glioblastoma. This highly conserved signaling cascade is central to a variety of biological processes, including growth, proliferation, self-renewal, migration, apoptosis, and metabolism. In GBM, accumulating data suggest that the Notch signaling pathway is hyperactive and contributes to GBM initiation, progression, and treatment resistance. This review summarizes the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of the Notch signaling pathway in GBM, as well as some clinical advances targeting the Notch signaling pathway in cancer and glioblastoma, highlighting its potential as a focus for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Wang
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
| | - Sikuan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.G.); (J.C.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Junfan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.G.); (J.C.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhiqiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.G.); (J.C.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.G.); (J.C.); (Z.Y.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
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Rios SA, Oyervides S, Uribe D, Reyes AM, Fanniel V, Vazquez J, Keniry M. Emerging Therapies for Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1485. [PMID: 38672566 PMCID: PMC11048459 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is most commonly a primary brain tumor and the utmost malignant one, with a survival rate of approximately 12-18 months. Glioblastoma is highly heterogeneous, demonstrating that different types of cells from the same tumor can manifest distinct gene expression patterns and biological behaviors. Conventional therapies such as temozolomide, radiation, and surgery have limitations. As of now, there is no cure for glioblastoma. Alternative treatment methods to eradicate glioblastoma are discussed in this review, including targeted therapies to PI3K, NFKβ, JAK-STAT, CK2, WNT, NOTCH, Hedgehog, and TGFβ pathways. The highly novel application of oncolytic viruses and nanomaterials in combating glioblastoma are also discussed. Despite scores of clinical trials for glioblastoma, the prognosis remains poor. Progress in breaching the blood-brain barrier with nanomaterials and novel avenues for targeted and combination treatments hold promise for the future development of efficacious glioblastoma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Megan Keniry
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, College of Sciences, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (S.A.R.); (D.U.); (A.M.R.)
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4
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Sinha S, Hembram KC, Chatterjee S. Targeting signaling pathways in cancer stem cells: A potential approach for developing novel anti-cancer therapeutics. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 385:157-209. [PMID: 38663959 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have emerged as prime players in the intricate landscape of cancer development, progression, and resistance to traditional treatments. These unique cellular subpopulations own the remarkable capability of self-renewal and differentiation, giving rise to the diverse cellular makeup of tumors and fostering their recurrence following conventional therapies. In the quest for developing more effective cancer therapeutics, the focus has now shifted toward targeting the signaling pathways that govern CSCs behavior. This chapter underscores the significance of these signaling pathways in CSC biology and their potential as pivotal targets for the development of novel chemotherapy approaches. We delve into several key signaling pathways essential for maintaining the defining characteristics of CSCs, including the Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, JAK-STAT, NF-κB pathways, among others, shedding light on their potential crosstalk. Furthermore, we highlight the latest advancements in CSC-targeted therapies, spanning from promising preclinical models to ongoing clinical trials. A comprehensive understanding of the intricate molecular aspects of CSC signaling pathways and their manipulation holds the prospective to revolutionize cancer treatment paradigms. This, in turn, could lead to more efficacious and personalized therapies with the ultimate goal of eradicating CSCs and enhancing overall patient outcomes. The exploration of CSC signaling pathways represents a key step towards a brighter future in the battle against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Sinha
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Subhajit Chatterjee
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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Kosianova А, Pak O, Bryukhovetskiy I. Regulation of cancer stem cells and immunotherapy of glioblastoma (Review). Biomed Rep 2024; 20:24. [PMID: 38170016 PMCID: PMC10758921 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the most adverse diagnoses in oncology. Complex current treatment results in a median survival of 15 months. Resistance to treatment is associated with the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). The present review aimed to analyze the mechanisms of CSC plasticity, showing the particular role of β-catenin in regulating vital functions of CSCs, and to describe the molecular mechanisms of Wnt-independent increase of β-catenin levels, which is influenced by the local microenvironment of CSCs. The present review also analyzed the reasons for the low effectiveness of using medication in the regulation of CSCs, and proposed the development of immunotherapy scenarios with tumor cell vaccines, containing heterogenous cancer cells able of producing a multidirectional antineoplastic immune response. Additionally, the possibility of managing lymphopenia by transplanting hematopoietic stem cells from a healthy sibling and using clofazimine or other repurposed drugs that reduce β-catenin concentration in CSCs was discussed in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Аleksandra Kosianova
- Medical Center, School of Medicine and Life Science, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690091, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg Pak
- Medical Center, School of Medicine and Life Science, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690091, Russian Federation
| | - Igor Bryukhovetskiy
- Medical Center, School of Medicine and Life Science, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690091, Russian Federation
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Jain R, Krishnan S, Lee S, Amoozgar Z, Subudhi S, Kumar A, Posada J, Lindeman N, Lei P, Duquette M, Roberge S, Huang P, Andersson P, Datta M, Munn L, Fukumura D. Wnt inhibition alleviates resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in glioblastoma. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3707472. [PMID: 38234841 PMCID: PMC10793505 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3707472/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays a critical role in the progression and treatment outcome of glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we identified WNT7b as a heretofore unknown mechanism of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibition (αPD1) in GBM patients and murine models. Acquired resistance to αPD1 was found to be associated with the upregulation of Wnt7b and β-catenin protein levels in GBM in patients and in a clinically relevant, stem-rich GBM model. Combining the porcupine inhibitor WNT974 with αPD1 prolonged the survival of GBM-bearing mice. However, this combination had a dichotomous response, with a subset of tumors showing refractoriness. WNT974 and αPD1 expanded a subset of DC3-like dendritic cells (DCs) and decreased the granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (gMDSCs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). By contrast, monocytic MDSCs (mMDSCs) increased, while T-cell infiltration remained unchanged, suggesting potential TME-mediated resistance. Our preclinical findings warrant the testing of Wnt7b/β-catenin combined with αPD1 in GBM patients with elevated Wnt7b/β-catenin signaling.
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Zarzuela L, Durán RV, Tomé M. Metabolism and signaling crosstalk in glioblastoma progression and therapy resistance. Mol Oncol 2023. [PMID: 38105543 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common form of primary malignant brain tumor in adults and one of the most lethal human cancers, with high recurrence and therapy resistance. Glioblastoma cells display extensive genetic and cellular heterogeneity, which precludes a unique and common therapeutic approach. The standard of care in glioblastoma patients includes surgery followed by radiotherapy plus concomitant temozolomide. As in many other cancers, cell signaling is deeply affected due to mutations or alterations in the so-called molecular drivers. Moreover, glioblastoma cells undergo metabolic adaptations to meet the new demands in terms of energy and building blocks, with an increasing amount of evidence connecting metabolic transformation and cell signaling deregulation in this type of aggressive brain tumor. In this review, we summarize some of the most common alterations both in cell signaling and metabolism in glioblastoma, presenting an integrative discussion about how they contribute to therapy resistance. Furthermore, this review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art of therapeutic approaches and clinical trials exploiting signaling and metabolism in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zarzuela
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa - CABIMER, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Raúl V Durán
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa - CABIMER, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Mercedes Tomé
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa - CABIMER, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
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Pintor S, Lopez A, Flores D, Lozoya B, Soti B, Pokhrel R, Negrete J, Persans MW, Gilkerson R, Gunn B, Keniry M. FOXO1 promotes the expression of canonical WNT target genes in examined basal-like breast and glioblastoma multiforme cancer cells. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:2108-2123. [PMID: 37584250 PMCID: PMC10626282 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancer (BBC) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are aggressive cancers associated with poor prognosis. BBC and GBM have stem cell-like gene expression signatures, which are in part driven by forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors. To gain further insight into the impact of FOXO1 in BBC, we treated BT549 cells with AS1842856 and performed RNA sequencing. AS1842856 binds to unphosphorylated FOXO1 and inhibits its ability to directly bind to DNA. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis indicated that a set of WNT pathway target genes, including lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) and transcription factor 7 (TCF7), were robustly induced after AS1842856 treatment. These same genes were also induced in GBM cell lines U87MG, LN18, LN229, A172, and DBTRG upon AS1842856 treatment. By contrast, follow-up RNA interference (RNAi) targeting of FOXO1 led to reduced LEF1 and TCF7 gene expression in BT549 and U87MG cells. In agreement with RNAi experiments, CRISPR Cas9-mediated FOXO1 disruption reduced the expression of canonical WNT genes LEF1 and TCF7 in U87MG cells. The loss of TCF7 gene expression in FOXO1 disruption mutants was restored by exogenous expression of the DNA-binding-deficient FOXO1-H215R. Therefore, FOXO1 induces TCF7 in a DNA-binding-independent manner, similar to other published FOXO1-activated genes such as TCF4 and hes family bHLH transcription factor 1. Our work demonstrates that FOXO1 promotes canonical WNT gene expression in examined BBC and GBM cells, similar to results found in Drosophila melanogaster, T-cell development, and murine acute myeloid leukemia models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shania Pintor
- Department of BiologyThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburgTXUSA
| | - Alma Lopez
- Department of BiologyThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburgTXUSA
| | - David Flores
- Department of BiologyThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburgTXUSA
| | - Brianda Lozoya
- Department of BiologyThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburgTXUSA
| | - Bipul Soti
- Department of BiologyThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburgTXUSA
| | - Rishi Pokhrel
- Department of BiologyThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburgTXUSA
| | - Joaquin Negrete
- Department of BiologyThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburgTXUSA
| | - Michael W. Persans
- Department of BiologyThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburgTXUSA
| | - Robert Gilkerson
- Department of BiologyThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburgTXUSA
- Medical Laboratory SciencesThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburgTXUSA
| | - Bonnie Gunn
- Department of BiologyThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburgTXUSA
| | - Megan Keniry
- Department of BiologyThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburgTXUSA
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张 竞, 何 静, 米 晓, 许 贤, 田 英, 燕 茹. [High homocysteine level promotes autophagy and apoptosis of mouse hippocampal HT22 cells through the Notch1/Hes1 signaling pathway]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2023; 43:1796-1803. [PMID: 37933657 PMCID: PMC10630217 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.10.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of neuronal injury caused by hyperhomocysteinemia. METHODS Mouse hippocampal HT22 cells were treated with homocysteine (Hcy, 100 μmol/L), Hcy+folic acid+vitamin B12 (100+fv group) or folic acid+vitamin B12 (0+fv group), and the changes in cell autophagy and apoptosis were detected using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and flow cytometry. The expressions of Hes1, Hes5, Notch1, Jagged1, Bcl-2, Bax, P62 and LC3 in the treated cells were detected with Western blotting and real-time PCR. RESULTS Treatment with Hcy for 48 h significantly increased the number of dead cells in HT22 cell cultures. Flow cytometry showed that the percentage of apoptotic cells was significantly higher in cells treated with Hcy alone than in other treatment groups (P<0.05). TEM revealed obvious mitochondrial swelling and vacuolation and increased autophagy in Hcy-treated cells. Western blotting showed that the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was significantly higher in Hcy-treated cells than in the blank control cells and cells in 100+fv group (P<0.05). The Hcy-treated cells showed a significantly lower relative expression of P62 than the blank control cells (P<0.05), a higher LC3II/LC3I ratio than the cells in the blank control and 100+fv groups (P<0.05), and lower expressions of HES1, HES5, Notch1 and Jagged1 proteins than the blank control cells (P<0.05). Interference with Hes1 siRNA significantly lowered the expression levels of Hes1 and Jagged1 without obviously affecting Notch1 expression in HT22 cells (P>0.05). CONCLUSION High Hcy levels promote autophagy and apoptosis and down-regulate Hes1 and Jagged1 expressions in HT22 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- 竞文 张
- 宁夏医科大学基础医学院//国家卫生健康委员会代谢性心血管疾病研究重点实验室, 宁夏 银川 750004School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, University, Yinchuan 750004, China Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - 静 何
- 宁夏医科大学总医院, 宁夏 银川 750004General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - 晓娟 米
- 宁夏医科大学基础医学院//国家卫生健康委员会代谢性心血管疾病研究重点实验室, 宁夏 银川 750004School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, University, Yinchuan 750004, China Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - 贤瑞 许
- 宁夏医科大学总医院, 宁夏 银川 750004General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - 英 田
- 宁夏医科大学基础医学院//国家卫生健康委员会代谢性心血管疾病研究重点实验室, 宁夏 银川 750004School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, University, Yinchuan 750004, China Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - 茹 燕
- 宁夏医科大学总医院, 宁夏 银川 750004General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
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Robertson FL, O'Duibhir E, Gangoso E, Bressan RB, Bulstrode H, Marqués-Torrejón MÁ, Ferguson KM, Blin C, Grant V, Alfazema N, Morrison GM, Pollard SM. Elevated FOXG1 in glioblastoma stem cells cooperates with Wnt/β-catenin to induce exit from quiescence. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112561. [PMID: 37243590 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) stem cells (GSCs) display phenotypic and molecular features reminiscent of normal neural stem cells and exhibit a spectrum of cell cycle states (dormant, quiescent, proliferative). However, mechanisms controlling the transition from quiescence to proliferation in both neural stem cells (NSCs) and GSCs are poorly understood. Elevated expression of the forebrain transcription factor FOXG1 is often observed in GBMs. Here, using small-molecule modulators and genetic perturbations, we identify a synergistic interaction between FOXG1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Increased FOXG1 enhances Wnt-driven transcriptional targets, enabling highly efficient cell cycle re-entry from quiescence; however, neither FOXG1 nor Wnt is essential in rapidly proliferating cells. We demonstrate that FOXG1 overexpression supports gliomagenesis in vivo and that additional β-catenin induction drives accelerated tumor growth. These data indicate that elevated FOXG1 cooperates with Wnt signaling to support the transition from quiescence to proliferation in GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye L Robertson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Eoghan O'Duibhir
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Ester Gangoso
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Raul Bardini Bressan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Harry Bulstrode
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Maria-Ángeles Marqués-Torrejón
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Kirsty M Ferguson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Carla Blin
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Vivien Grant
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Neza Alfazema
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Gillian M Morrison
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Steven M Pollard
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.
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Sahu U, Mullarkey MP, Pei G, Zhao Z, Hong B, Kaur B. oHSV-P10 reduces glioma stem cell enrichment after oncolytic HSV therapy. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 29:30-41. [PMID: 37114074 PMCID: PMC10126842 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Longstanding evidence implicate glioma stem-like cells as the main drivers contributing toward glioblastoma (GBM) therapy resistance and tumor recurrence. Although oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) viral therapy is a promising biological therapy recently approved for melanoma (in the United States and Europe) and GBM (in Japan); however, the impact of this therapy on GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) is understudied. Here we show that post-oHSV virotherapy activated AKT signaling results in an enrichment of GSC signatures in glioma, which mimics the enrichment in GSC observed after radiation treatment. We also uncovered that a second-generation oncolytic virus armed with PTEN-L (oHSV-P10) decreases this by moderating IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling. This ability was retained in the presence of radiation treatment and oHSV-P10-sensitized intracranial GBM to radiotherapy. Collectively, our findings uncover potential mechanisms to overcome GSC-mediated radiation resistance via oHSV-P10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Sahu
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew P. Mullarkey
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guangsheng Pei
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bangxing Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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12
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Wang Y, Peng J, Song C, Yang Y, Qin T. Zinc finger and SCAN domain-containing 18 suppresses the proliferation, self-renewal, and drug resistance of glioblastoma cells. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17000. [PMID: 37389038 PMCID: PMC10300323 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of cellular and molecular mechanisms key to glioblastoma growth, self-renewal, survival, and metastasis is important for developing novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, the expression and function of zinc finger and SCAN domain-containing 18 (ZSCAN18) in human glioblastoma cell lines were characterized. Compared with normal astrocytes, ZSCAN18 was significantly down-regulated in all tested glioblastoma cell lines, with the LN-229 cell line having the lowest ZSCAN18 expression. Lentivirus-mediated ZSCAN18 overexpression suppressed glioblastoma cell proliferation, sphere formation, and SOX2 and OCT4 expression, implying the negative role of ZSCAN18 in glioblastoma development. ZSCAN18 overexpression enhanced the sensitivity of glioblastoma cells to Temozolomide. The glioblastoma implantation model showed a consistent inhibitory effect of ZSCAN18 on the proliferation and self-renewal of glioblastoma cells in vivo. Notably, ZSCAN18 overexpression resulted in the down-regulation of glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1) which is the terminal component of the Hedgehog signaling. Lentivirus-mediated GLI1 overexpression restored the proliferation and promoted the resistance of glioblastoma cells to Temozolomide. However, GLI1 overexpression did not affect the self-renewal of ZSCAN18-overexpressing glioblastoma cells. Taken together, this research uncovers the role of ZSCAN18 in regulating glioblastoma cell growth and maintenance. ZSCAN18 could be a potential glioblastoma biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- The Pediatric Care and Rehabilitation Division at Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang City, Hubei Province, 443000, China
| | - Jingwei Peng
- The Department of Pediatrics at Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang City, Hubei Province, 443000, China
| | - Chenchen Song
- The Pediatric Care and Rehabilitation Division at Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang City, Hubei Province, 443000, China
| | - Yining Yang
- The Pediatric Care and Rehabilitation Division at Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang City, Hubei Province, 443000, China
| | - Tao Qin
- The Department of Radiology and Radiotherapy at Xingshan County People's Hospital, Yichang City, Hubei Province, 443700, China
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13
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Shi T, Zhu J, Zhang X, Mao X. The Role of Hypoxia and Cancer Stem Cells in Development of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092613. [PMID: 37174078 PMCID: PMC10177528 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is recognized as the most malignant brain tumor with a high level of hypoxia, containing a small population of glioblastoma stem like cells (GSCs). These GSCs have the capacity of self-renewal, proliferation, invasion and recapitulating the parent tumor, and are major causes of radio-and chemoresistance of GBM. Upregulated expression of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) in hypoxia fundamentally contributes to maintenance and progression of GSCs. Therefore, we thoroughly reviewed the currently acknowledged roles of hypoxia-associated GSCs in development of GBM. In detail, we recapitulated general features of GBM, especially GSC-related features, and delineated essential responses resulted from interactions between GSC and hypoxia, including hypoxia-induced signatures, genes and pathways, and hypoxia-regulated metabolic alterations. Five hypothesized GSC niches are discussed and integrated into one comprehensive concept: hypoxic peri-arteriolar niche of GSCs. Autophagy, another protective mechanism against chemotherapy, is also closely related to hypoxia and is a potential therapeutic target for GBM. In addition, potential causes of therapeutic resistance (chemo-, radio-, surgical-, immuno-), and chemotherapeutic agents which can improve the therapeutic effects of chemo-, radio-, or immunotherapy are introduced and discussed. At last, as a potential approach to reverse the hypoxic microenvironment in GBM, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) might be an adjuvant therapy to chemo-and radiotherapy after surgery. In conclusion, we focus on demonstrating the important role of hypoxia on development of GBM, especially by affecting the function of GSCs. Important advantages have been made to understand the complicated responses induced by hypoxia in GBM. Further exploration of targeting hypoxia and GSCs can help to develop novel therapeutic strategies to improve the survival of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
- Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710024, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xinggang Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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14
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Hao J, Han X, Huang H, Yu X, Fang J, Zhao J, Prayson RA, Bao S, Yu JS. Sema3C signaling is an alternative activator of the canonical WNT pathway in glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2262. [PMID: 37080989 PMCID: PMC10119166 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37397-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt pathway is frequently dysregulated in many cancers, underscoring it as a therapeutic target. Wnt inhibitors have uniformly failed in clinical trials. Here, we report a mechanism of WNT pathway activation through the Semaphorin 3 C neurodevelopmental program in glioma stem-like cells. Sema3C directs β-catenin nuclear accumulation in a Rac1-dependent process, leading to transactivation of Wnt target genes. Sema3C-driven Wnt signaling occurred despite suppression of Wnt ligand secretion, suggesting that Sema3C drives canonical Wnt signaling independent of Wnt ligand binding. In a mouse model of glioblastoma, combined depletion of Sema3C and β-catenin partner TCF1 extended animal survival more than single target inhibition alone. In human glioblastoma, Sema3C expression and Wnt pathway activation were highly concordant. Since Sema3C is frequently overexpressed in glioblastoma, Sema3C signaling may be a significant mechanism of resistance to upstream Wnt pathway inhibitors. Dual targeting of Sema3C and Wnt pathways may achieve clinically significant Wnt pathway inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hao
- Center for Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Xiangzi Han
- Center for Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Haidong Huang
- Center for Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Xingjiang Yu
- Center for Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jiankang Fang
- Center for Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- Center for Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Richard A Prayson
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Shideng Bao
- Center for Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jennifer S Yu
- Center for Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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15
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Köseer AS, Di Gaetano S, Arndt C, Bachmann M, Dubrovska A. Immunotargeting of Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1608. [PMID: 36900399 PMCID: PMC10001158 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The generally accepted view is that CSCs hijack the signaling pathways attributed to normal stem cells that regulate the self-renewal and differentiation processes. Therefore, the development of selective targeting strategies for CSC, although clinically meaningful, is associated with significant challenges because CSC and normal stem cells share many important signaling mechanisms for their maintenance and survival. Furthermore, the efficacy of this therapy is opposed by tumor heterogeneity and CSC plasticity. While there have been considerable efforts to target CSC populations by the chemical inhibition of the developmental pathways such as Notch, Hedgehog (Hh), and Wnt/β-catenin, noticeably fewer attempts were focused on the stimulation of the immune response by CSC-specific antigens, including cell-surface targets. Cancer immunotherapies are based on triggering the anti-tumor immune response by specific activation and targeted redirecting of immune cells toward tumor cells. This review is focused on CSC-directed immunotherapeutic approaches such as bispecific antibodies and antibody-drug candidates, CSC-targeted cellular immunotherapies, and immune-based vaccines. We discuss the strategies to improve the safety and efficacy of the different immunotherapeutic approaches and describe the current state of their clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Sedef Köseer
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Simona Di Gaetano
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Arndt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01309 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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16
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Sabu A, Liu TI, Ng SS, Doong RA, Huang YF, Chiu HC. Nanomedicines Targeting Glioma Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:158-181. [PMID: 35544684 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), classified as a grade IV glioma, is a rapidly growing, aggressive, and most commonly occurring tumor of the central nervous system. Despite the therapeutic advances, it carries an ominous prognosis, with a median survival of 14.6 months after diagnosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that cancer stem cells in GBM, termed glioma stem cells (GSCs), play a crucial role in tumor propagation, treatment resistance, and tumor recurrence. GSCs, possessing the capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation, are responsible for tumor growth and heterogeneity, leading to primary obstacles to current cancer therapy. In this respect, increasing efforts have been devoted to the development of anti-GSC strategies based on targeting GSC surface markers, blockage of essential signaling pathways of GSCs, and manipulating the tumor microenvironment (GSC niches). In this review, we will discuss the research knowledge regarding GSC-based therapy and the underlying mechanisms for the treatment of GBM. Given the rapid progression in nanotechnology, innovative nanomedicines developed for GSC targeting will also be highlighted from the perspective of rationale, advantages, and limitations. The goal of this review is to provide broader understanding and key considerations toward the future direction of GSC-based nanotheranostics to fight against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sabu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Te-I Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Siew Suan Ng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-An Doong
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fen Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Cheng Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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17
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The oncogenic JAG1 intracellular domain is a transcriptional cofactor that acts in concert with DDX17/SMAD3/TGIF2. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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18
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Alkailani MI, Aittaleb M, Tissir F. WNT signaling at the intersection between neurogenesis and brain tumorigenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1017568. [PMID: 36267699 PMCID: PMC9577257 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1017568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis and tumorigenesis share signaling molecules/pathways involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and death. Self-renewal of neural stem cells is a tightly regulated process that secures the accuracy of cell division and eliminates cells that undergo mitotic errors. Abnormalities in the molecular mechanisms controlling this process can trigger aneuploidy and genome instability, leading to neoplastic transformation. Mutations that affect cell adhesion, polarity, or migration enhance the invasive potential and favor the progression of tumors. Here, we review recent evidence of the WNT pathway’s involvement in both neurogenesis and tumorigenesis and discuss the experimental progress on therapeutic opportunities targeting components of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa I. Alkailani
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Aittaleb
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fadel Tissir
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Fadel Tissir,
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19
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Gimple RC, Yang K, Halbert ME, Agnihotri S, Rich JN. Brain cancer stem cells: resilience through adaptive plasticity and hierarchical heterogeneity. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:497-514. [PMID: 35710946 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant brain tumours are complex ecosystems containing neoplastic and stromal components that generate adaptive and evolutionarily driven aberrant tissues in the central nervous system. Brain cancers are cultivated by a dynamic population of stem-like cells that enforce intratumoural heterogeneity and respond to intrinsic microenvironment or therapeutically guided insults through proliferation, plasticity and restructuring of neoplastic and stromal components. Far from a rigid hierarchy, heterogeneous neoplastic populations transition between cellular states with differential self-renewal capacities, endowing them with powerful resilience. Here we review the biological machinery used by brain tumour stem cells to commandeer tissues in the intracranial space, evade immune responses and resist chemoradiotherapy. Through recent advances in single-cell sequencing, improved models to investigate the role of the tumour microenvironment and a deeper understanding of the fundamental role of the immune system in cancer biology, we are now better equipped to explore mechanisms by which these processes can be exploited for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Gimple
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kailin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Matthew E Halbert
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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20
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Zhang S, Zhu N, Li HF, Gu J, Zhang CJ, Liao DF, Qin L. The lipid rafts in cancer stem cell: a target to eradicate cancer. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:432. [PMID: 36042526 PMCID: PMC9429646 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells with stem cell properties that sustain cancers, which may be responsible for cancer metastasis or recurrence. Lipid rafts are cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched microdomains in the plasma membrane that mediate various intracellular signaling. The occurrence and progression of cancer are closely related to lipid rafts. Emerging evidence indicates that lipid raft levels are significantly enriched in CSCs compared to cancer cells and that most CSC markers such as CD24, CD44, and CD133 are located in lipid rafts. Furthermore, lipid rafts play an essential role in CSCs, specifically in CSC self-renewal, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, drug resistance, and CSC niche. Therefore, lipid rafts are critical regulatory platforms for CSCs and promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation With Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 300 Xueshi Road, Hanpu Science and Education District, 410208, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Neng Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Fang Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation With Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 300 Xueshi Road, Hanpu Science and Education District, 410208, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Gu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation With Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 300 Xueshi Road, Hanpu Science and Education District, 410208, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chan Juan Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation With Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 300 Xueshi Road, Hanpu Science and Education District, 410208, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Duan Fang Liao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation With Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 300 Xueshi Road, Hanpu Science and Education District, 410208, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Qin
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation With Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 300 Xueshi Road, Hanpu Science and Education District, 410208, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,Institutional Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China. .,Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substance Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
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21
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Kundu S, Nandhu MS, Longo SL, Longo JA, Rai S, Chin LS, Richardson TE, Viapiano MS. The scaffolding protein DLG5 promotes glioblastoma growth by controlling Sonic Hedgehog signaling in tumor stem cells. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:1230-1242. [PMID: 34984467 PMCID: PMC9340653 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor invasion, a hallmark of malignant gliomas, involves reorganization of cell polarity and changes in the expression and distribution of scaffolding proteins associated with polarity complexes. The scaffolding proteins of the DLG family are usually downregulated in invasive tumors and regarded as tumor suppressors. Despite their important role in regulating neurodevelopmental signaling, the expression and functions of DLG proteins have remained almost entirely unexplored in malignant gliomas. METHODS Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and analysis of gene expression were used to quantify DLG members in glioma specimens and cancer datasets. Over-expression and knockdown of DLG5, the highest-expressed DLG member in glioblastoma, were used to investigate its effects on tumor stem cells and tumor growth. qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and co-precipitation assays were used to investigate DLG5 signaling mechanisms. RESULTS DLG5 was upregulated in malignant gliomas compared to other solid tumors, being the predominant DLG member in all glioblastoma molecular subtypes. DLG5 promoted glioblastoma stem cell invasion, viability, and self-renewal. Knockdown of this protein in vivo disrupted tumor formation and extended survival. At the molecular level, DLG5 regulated Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling, making DLG5-deficient cells insensitive to Shh ligand. Loss of DLG5 increased the proteasomal degradation of Gli1, underlying the loss of Shh signaling and tumor stem cell sensitization. CONCLUSIONS The high expression and pro-tumoral functions of DLG5 in glioblastoma, including its dominant regulation of Shh signaling in tumor stem cells, reveal a novel role for this protein that is strikingly different from its proposed tumor-suppressor role in other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somanath Kundu
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Mohan S Nandhu
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Sharon L Longo
- Department of Neurosurgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - John A Longo
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Shawn Rai
- Department of Neurosurgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Lawrence S Chin
- Department of Neurosurgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Timothy E Richardson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Mariano S Viapiano
- Department of Neurosurgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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22
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Hersh AM, Gaitsch H, Alomari S, Lubelski D, Tyler BM. Molecular Pathways and Genomic Landscape of Glioblastoma Stem Cells: Opportunities for Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3743. [PMID: 35954407 PMCID: PMC9367289 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive tumor of the central nervous system categorized by the World Health Organization as a Grade 4 astrocytoma. Despite treatment with surgical resection, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, outcomes remain poor, with a median survival of only 14-16 months. Although tumor regression is often observed initially after treatment, long-term recurrence or progression invariably occurs. Tumor growth, invasion, and recurrence is mediated by a unique population of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). Their high mutation rate and dysregulated transcriptional landscape augment their resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy, explaining the poor outcomes observed in patients. Consequently, GSCs have emerged as targets of interest in new treatment paradigms. Here, we review the unique properties of GSCs, including their interactions with the hypoxic microenvironment that drives their proliferation. We discuss vital signaling pathways in GSCs that mediate stemness, self-renewal, proliferation, and invasion, including the Notch, epidermal growth factor receptor, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, sonic hedgehog, transforming growth factor beta, Wnt, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and inhibitors of differentiation pathways. We also review epigenomic changes in GSCs that influence their transcriptional state, including DNA methylation, histone methylation and acetylation, and miRNA expression. The constituent molecular components of the signaling pathways and epigenomic regulators represent potential sites for targeted therapy, and representative examples of inhibitory molecules and pharmaceuticals are discussed. Continued investigation into the molecular pathways of GSCs and candidate therapeutics is needed to discover new effective treatments for GBM and improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Hersh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (A.M.H.); (H.G.); (S.A.); (D.L.)
| | - Hallie Gaitsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (A.M.H.); (H.G.); (S.A.); (D.L.)
- NIH Oxford-Cambridge Scholars Program, Wellcome—MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Safwan Alomari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (A.M.H.); (H.G.); (S.A.); (D.L.)
| | - Daniel Lubelski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (A.M.H.); (H.G.); (S.A.); (D.L.)
| | - Betty M. Tyler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (A.M.H.); (H.G.); (S.A.); (D.L.)
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23
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Zinc finger protein 501 maintains glioblastoma cell growth through enhancing Frizzled-6 expression. Neurosci Res 2022; 182:15-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Lewis NA, Klein RH, Kelly C, Yee J, Knoepfler PS. Histone H3.3 K27M chromatin functions implicate a network of neurodevelopmental factors including ASCL1 and NEUROD1 in DIPG. Epigenetics Chromatin 2022; 15:18. [PMID: 35590427 PMCID: PMC9121554 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-022-00447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The histone variant H3.3 K27M mutation is a defining characteristic of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG)/diffuse midline glioma (DMG). This histone mutation is responsible for major alterations to histone H3 post-translational modification (PTMs) and subsequent aberrant gene expression. However, much less is known about the effect this mutation has on chromatin structure and function, including open versus closed chromatin regions as well as their transcriptomic consequences. Results Recently, we developed isogenic CRISPR-edited DIPG cell lines that are wild-type for histone H3.3 that can be compared to their matched K27M lines. Here we show via ATAC-seq analysis that H3.3K27M glioma cells have unique accessible chromatin at regions corresponding to neurogenesis, NOTCH, and neuronal development pathways and associated genes that are overexpressed in H3.3K27M compared to our isogenic wild-type cell line. As to mechanisms, accessible enhancers and super-enhancers corresponding to increased gene expression in H3.3K27M cells were also mapped to genes involved in neurogenesis and NOTCH signaling, suggesting that these pathways are key to DIPG tumor maintenance. Motif analysis implicates specific transcription factors as central to the neuro-oncogenic K27M signaling pathway, in particular, ASCL1 and NEUROD1. Conclusions Altogether our findings indicate that H3.3K27M causes chromatin to take on a more accessible configuration at key regulatory regions for NOTCH and neurogenesis genes resulting in increased oncogenic gene expression, which is at least partially reversible upon editing K27M back to wild-type. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13072-022-00447-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole A Lewis
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.,Genome Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.,Institute of Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Rachel Herndon Klein
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.,Genome Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.,Institute of Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Cailin Kelly
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.,Genome Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.,Institute of Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Jennifer Yee
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.,Genome Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.,Institute of Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Paul S Knoepfler
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA. .,Genome Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA. .,Institute of Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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ZNF117 regulates glioblastoma stem cell differentiation towards oligodendroglial lineage. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2196. [PMID: 35459228 PMCID: PMC9033827 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29884-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a deadly disease without effective treatment. Because glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) contribute to tumor resistance and recurrence, improved treatment of GBM can be achieved by eliminating GSCs through inducing their differentiation. Prior efforts have been focused on studying GSC differentiation towards the astroglial lineage. However, regulation of GSC differentiation towards the neuronal and oligodendroglial lineages is largely unknown. To identify genes that control GSC differentiation to all three lineages, we performed an image-based genome-wide RNAi screen, in combination with single-cell RNA sequencing, and identified ZNF117 as a major regulator of GSC differentiation. Using patient-derived GSC cultures, we show that ZNF117 controls GSC differentiation towards the oligodendroglial lineage via the Notch pathway. We demonstrate that ZNF117 is a promising target for GSC differentiation therapy through targeted delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing nanoparticles. Our study suggests a direction to improve GBM treatment through differentiation of GSCs towards various lineages.
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26
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Rodriguez SMB, Staicu GA, Sevastre AS, Baloi C, Ciubotaru V, Dricu A, Tataranu LG. Glioblastoma Stem Cells-Useful Tools in the Battle against Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094602. [PMID: 35562993 PMCID: PMC9100635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are cells with a self-renewal ability and capacity to initiate tumors upon serial transplantation that have been linked to tumor cell heterogeneity. Most standard treatments fail to completely eradicate GSCs, causing the recurrence of the disease. GSCs could represent one reason for the low efficacy of cancer therapy and for the short relapse time. Nonetheless, experimental data suggest that the presence of therapy-resistant GSCs could explain tumor recurrence. Therefore, to effectively target GSCs, a comprehensive understanding of their biology and the survival and developing mechanisms during treatment is mandatory. This review provides an overview of the molecular features, microenvironment, detection, and targeting strategies of GSCs, an essential information required for an efficient therapy. Despite the outstanding results in oncology, researchers are still developing novel strategies, of which one could be targeting the GSCs present in the hypoxic regions and invasive edge of the glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mara Baez Rodriguez
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania; (S.M.B.R.); (V.C.); (L.G.T.)
| | - Georgiana-Adeline Staicu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (G.-A.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Ani-Simona Sevastre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Carina Baloi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (G.-A.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Vasile Ciubotaru
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania; (S.M.B.R.); (V.C.); (L.G.T.)
| | - Anica Dricu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (G.-A.S.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ligia Gabriela Tataranu
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania; (S.M.B.R.); (V.C.); (L.G.T.)
- Department 6—Clinical Neurosciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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27
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Notch signaling pathway: architecture, disease, and therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:95. [PMID: 35332121 PMCID: PMC8948217 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The NOTCH gene was identified approximately 110 years ago. Classical studies have revealed that NOTCH signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway. NOTCH receptors undergo three cleavages and translocate into the nucleus to regulate the transcription of target genes. NOTCH signaling deeply participates in the development and homeostasis of multiple tissues and organs, the aberration of which results in cancerous and noncancerous diseases. However, recent studies indicate that the outcomes of NOTCH signaling are changeable and highly dependent on context. In terms of cancers, NOTCH signaling can both promote and inhibit tumor development in various types of cancer. The overall performance of NOTCH-targeted therapies in clinical trials has failed to meet expectations. Additionally, NOTCH mutation has been proposed as a predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint blockade therapy in many cancers. Collectively, the NOTCH pathway needs to be integrally assessed with new perspectives to inspire discoveries and applications. In this review, we focus on both classical and the latest findings related to NOTCH signaling to illustrate the history, architecture, regulatory mechanisms, contributions to physiological development, related diseases, and therapeutic applications of the NOTCH pathway. The contributions of NOTCH signaling to the tumor immune microenvironment and cancer immunotherapy are also highlighted. We hope this review will help not only beginners but also experts to systematically and thoroughly understand the NOTCH signaling pathway.
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28
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Xie XP, Laks DR, Sun D, Ganbold M, Wang Z, Pedraza AM, Bale T, Tabar V, Brennan C, Zhou X, Parada LF. Quiescent human glioblastoma cancer stem cells drive tumor initiation, expansion, and recurrence following chemotherapy. Dev Cell 2022; 57:32-46.e8. [PMID: 35016005 PMCID: PMC8820651 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We test the hypothesis that glioblastoma harbors quiescent cancer stem cells that evade anti-proliferative therapies. Functional characterization of spontaneous glioblastomas from genetically engineered mice reveals essential quiescent stem-like cells that can be directly isolated from tumors. A derived quiescent cancer-stem-cell-specific gene expression signature is enriched in pre-formed patient GBM xenograft single-cell clusters that lack proliferative gene expression. A refined human 118-gene signature is preserved in quiescent single-cell populations from primary and recurrent human glioblastomas. The F3 cell-surface receptor mRNA, expressed in the conserved signature, identifies quiescent tumor cells by antibody immunohistochemistry. F3-antibody-sorted glioblastoma cells exhibit stem cell gene expression, enhance self-renewal in culture, drive tumor initiation and serial transplantation, and reconstitute tumor heterogeneity. Upon chemotherapy, the spared cancer stem cell pool becomes activated and accelerates transition to proliferation. These results help explain conventional treatment failure and lay a conceptual framework for alternative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhua P. Xie
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,These authors contributed equally,Correspondence: ,
| | - Dan R. Laks
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,These authors contributed equally,Present address: Voyager Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daochun Sun
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Present address: Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, WI 53226, USA
| | - Mungunsarnai Ganbold
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zilai Wang
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Present address: Chicago Biosolutions, Inc, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Alicia M. Pedraza
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tejus Bale
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Viviane Tabar
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Cameron Brennan
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xiuping Zhou
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Luis F. Parada
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Lead Contact,Correspondence: ,
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29
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Shi H, Jiang X, Xu C, Cheng Q. MicroRNAs in Serum Exosomes as Circulating Biomarkers for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:819056. [PMID: 35360081 PMCID: PMC8960856 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.819056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is the most common skeletal disease in postmenopausal women and has become a global public health issue. Emerging evidence demonstrated the important relationship between microRNAs and PMOP. However, miRNAs have not yet been reported in PMOP. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the differences in miRNA expression profiles in PMOP with fragility fractures to identify the key circulating miRNAs in serum exosomes and to validate these molecules as potential biomarkers. Postmenopausal women with osteoporotic fracture and normal bone mass were enrolled. Serum exosomes were isolated by traditional differential ultracentrifugation from participants. Isolated exosomes were identified by electron microscopy, western blotting and nanoparticle-tracking analysis and then examined for exosomal small RNA sequencing. The expression of miRNAs was compared by sRNA deep sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Three miRNAs (mir-324-3p, mir-766-3p and mir-1247-5p) were found to be associated with BMD of L1-L4, FN (femur neck) and TH (total hip), while mir-330-5p and mir-3124-5p were associated with BMD of FN and TH. Furthermore, mir-330-5p was found to promote the ALP activity of hBMSCs, while mir-3124-5p showed the opposite result. The results showed that serum exosomal miRNAs were differentially expressed in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients with fragility fractures. Our study provides the first evidence that exosomal miRNA profiling revealed aberrant circulating miRNA in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Mir-324-3p, mir-766-3p, mir-1247-5p, mir-330-5p and mir-3124-5p, which were associated with bone mineral density (BMD), may serve as candidate diagnostic biomarkers as well as potentially contribute to pathophysiology of PMOP.
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30
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Alcantara Llaguno S, Parada LF. Cancer stem cells in gliomas: evolving concepts and therapeutic implications. Curr Opin Neurol 2021; 34:868-874. [PMID: 34581301 PMCID: PMC9746696 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been implicated in the hierarchical heterogeneity and treatment resistance of hematologic and solid tumor malignancies, including gliomas, for several decades now but their therapeutic targeting has not been fully realized. Recent studies have uncovered deeper layers of CSC complexity, related to developmental origins, plasticity, cellular states, and interface with the microenvironment. RECENT FINDINGS Sequencing and in-vivo lineage-tracing studies in mouse and patient-derived models show evidence of stem and progenitor origin of glioma, at the same time that genomic studies show a relatedness of glioma CSCs with radial glia. The spate of single-cell sequencing analyses demonstrates the diversity of transcriptional cellular states, which are susceptible to transitions, indicating the plasticity of glioma CSCs. The evolution of glioma CSCs and their interactions with niche cells play important roles in CSC treatment resistance and immune evasion, with epigenetic modulation as one of the emerging mechanisms. SUMMARY To harness the potential of CSCs for clinical application, there is urgent need to investigate their complex nature and myriad interactions, to better understand the contribution of these self-renewing, stem-like cancer cells in the pathogenesis and therapy resistance of malignant brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Alcantara Llaguno
- Brain Tumor Center, Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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31
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Zhdanovskaya N, Firrincieli M, Lazzari S, Pace E, Scribani Rossi P, Felli MP, Talora C, Screpanti I, Palermo R. Targeting Notch to Maximize Chemotherapeutic Benefits: Rationale, Advanced Strategies, and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205106. [PMID: 34680255 PMCID: PMC8533696 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Notch signaling pathway regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, stem cell self-renewal, and differentiation in a context-dependent fashion both during embryonic development and in adult tissue homeostasis. Consistent with its pleiotropic physiological role, unproper activation of the signaling promotes or counteracts tumor pathogenesis and therapy response in distinct tissues. In the last twenty years, a wide number of studies have highlighted the anti-cancer potential of Notch-modulating agents as single treatment and in combination with the existent therapies. However, most of these strategies have failed in the clinical exploration due to dose-limiting toxicity and low efficacy, encouraging the development of novel agents and the design of more appropriate combinations between Notch signaling inhibitors and chemotherapeutic drugs with improved safety and effectiveness for distinct types of cancer. Abstract Notch signaling guides cell fate decisions by affecting proliferation, apoptosis, stem cell self-renewal, and differentiation depending on cell and tissue context. Given its multifaceted function during tissue development, both overactivation and loss of Notch signaling have been linked to tumorigenesis in ways that are either oncogenic or oncosuppressive, but always context-dependent. Notch signaling is critical for several mechanisms of chemoresistance including cancer stem cell maintenance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor-stroma interaction, and malignant neovascularization that makes its targeting an appealing strategy against tumor growth and recurrence. During the last decades, numerous Notch-interfering agents have been developed, and the abundant preclinical evidence has been transformed in orphan drug approval for few rare diseases. However, the majority of Notch-dependent malignancies remain untargeted, even if the application of Notch inhibitors alone or in combination with common chemotherapeutic drugs is being evaluated in clinical trials. The modest clinical success of current Notch-targeting strategies is mostly due to their limited efficacy and severe on-target toxicity in Notch-controlled healthy tissues. Here, we review the available preclinical and clinical evidence on combinatorial treatment between different Notch signaling inhibitors and existent chemotherapeutic drugs, providing a comprehensive picture of molecular mechanisms explaining the potential or lacking success of these combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Zhdanovskaya
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Mariarosaria Firrincieli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Lazzari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Eleonora Pace
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Pietro Scribani Rossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Maria Pia Felli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Claudio Talora
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Isabella Screpanti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Rocco Palermo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (R.P.)
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Goranci-Buzhala G, Mariappan A, Ricci-Vitiani L, Josipovic N, Pacioni S, Gottardo M, Ptok J, Schaal H, Callaini G, Rajalingam K, Dynlacht B, Hadian K, Papantonis A, Pallini R, Gopalakrishnan J. Cilium induction triggers differentiation of glioma stem cells. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109656. [PMID: 34496239 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) possesses glioma stem cells (GSCs) that promote self-renewal, tumor propagation, and relapse. Understanding the mechanisms of GSCs self-renewal can offer targeted therapeutic interventions. However, insufficient knowledge of GSCs' fundamental biology is a significant bottleneck hindering these efforts. Here, we show that patient-derived GSCs recruit elevated levels of proteins that ensure the temporal cilium disassembly, leading to suppressed ciliogenesis. Depleting the cilia disassembly complex components is sufficient to induce ciliogenesis in a subset of GSCs via relocating platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFR-α) to a newly induced cilium. Importantly, restoring ciliogenesis enabled GSCs to switch from self-renewal to differentiation. Finally, using an organoid-based glioma invasion assay and brain xenografts in mice, we establish that ciliogenesis-induced differentiation can prevent the infiltration of GSCs into the brain. Our findings illustrate a role for cilium as a molecular switch in determining GSCs' fate and suggest cilium induction as an attractive strategy to intervene in GSCs proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladiola Goranci-Buzhala
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Aruljothi Mariappan
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Natasa Josipovic
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Simone Pacioni
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Marco Gottardo
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Ptok
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heiner Schaal
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Giuliano Callaini
- Department of Life Sciences University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Krishnaraj Rajalingam
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Brian Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology and NYU Cancer Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kamyar Hadian
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Argyris Papantonis
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Jay Gopalakrishnan
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Sharanek A, Burban A, Hernandez-Corchado A, Madrigal A, Fatakdawala I, Najafabadi HS, Soleimani VD, Jahani-Asl A. Transcriptional control of brain tumor stem cells by a carbohydrate binding protein. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109647. [PMID: 34469737 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) and intratumoral heterogeneity represent major challenges in glioblastoma therapy. Here, we report that the LGALS1 gene, encoding the carbohydrate binding protein, galectin1, is a key regulator of BTSCs and glioblastoma resistance to therapy. Genetic deletion of LGALS1 alters BTSC gene expression profiles and results in downregulation of gene sets associated with the mesenchymal subtype of glioblastoma. Using a combination of pharmacological and genetic approaches, we establish that inhibition of LGALS1 signaling in BTSCs impairs self-renewal, suppresses tumorigenesis, prolongs lifespan, and improves glioblastoma response to ionizing radiation in preclinical animal models. Mechanistically, we show that LGALS1 is a direct transcriptional target of STAT3 with its expression robustly regulated by the ligand OSM. Importantly, we establish that galectin1 forms a complex with the transcription factor HOXA5 to reprogram the BTSC transcriptional landscape. Our data unravel an oncogenic signaling pathway by which the galectin1/HOXA5 complex maintains BTSCs and promotes glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Sharanek
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology and Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Audrey Burban
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology and Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Aldo Hernandez-Corchado
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A OC7, Canada; McGill Genome Centre, Montréal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Ariel Madrigal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A OC7, Canada; McGill Genome Centre, Montréal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Idris Fatakdawala
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Hamed S Najafabadi
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A OC7, Canada; McGill Genome Centre, Montréal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Vahab D Soleimani
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A OC7, Canada
| | - Arezu Jahani-Asl
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology and Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3T2, Canada; Integrated program in Neuroscience, Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
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Li SZ, Ren KX, Zhao J, Wu S, Li J, Zang J, Fei Z, Zhao JL. miR-139/PDE2A-Notch1 feedback circuit represses stemness of gliomas by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3508-3521. [PMID: 34512162 PMCID: PMC8416740 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.62858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The malignant phenotypes of glioblastomas (GBMs) are primarily attributed to glioma stem cells (GSCs). Our previous study and other reports have suggested that both miR-139 and its host gene PDE2A are putative antitumor genes in various cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles and mechanisms of miR-139/PDE2A in GSC modulation. Methods: Clinical samples were used to determine miR-139/PDE2A expression. Patient-derived glioma stem-like cells (PD-GSCs) were stimulated for immunofluorescent staining, sphere formation assays and orthotopic GBM xenograft models. Bioinformatic analysis and further in vitro experiments demonstrated the downstream molecular mechanisms of miR-139 and PDE2A. OX26/CTX-conjugated PEGylated liposome (OCP) was constructed to deliver miR-139 or PDE2A into glioma tissue specifically. Results: We demonstrated that miR-139 was concomitantly transcribed with its host gene PDE2A. Both PDE2A and miR-139 indicated better prognosis of gliomas and were inversely correlated with GSC stemness. PDE2A or miR-139 overexpression suppressed the stemness of PD-GSCs. FZD3 and β-catenin, which induced Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation, were identified as targets of miR-139 and mediated the effects of miR-139 on GSCs. Meanwhile, PDE2A suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling by inhibiting cAMP accumulation and GSK-3β phosphorylation, thereby modulating the self-renewal of PD-GSCs. Notably, Notch1, which is also a target of miR-139, suppressed PDE2A/miR-139 expression directly via downstream Hes1, indicating that miR-139 promoted its own expression by the miR-139-Notch1/Hes1 feedback circuit. Expectedly, targeted overexpression miR-139 or PDE2A in glioma with OCP system significantly repressed the stemness and decelerated glioma progression. Conclusions: Our findings elaborate on the inhibitory functions of PDE2A and miR-139 on GSC stemness and tumorigenesis, which may provide new prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Zhong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Kai-Xi Ren
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jian Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jun-Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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35
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WNT Signaling as a Therapeutic Target for Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168428. [PMID: 34445128 PMCID: PMC8395085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The WNT (Wingless/Integrated) signaling pathway is implicated in various stages of glioblastoma, which is an aggressive brain tumor for which therapeutic options are limited. WNT has been recognized as a hallmark of therapeutic challenge due to its context-dependent role and critical function in healthy tissue homeostasis. In this review, we deeply scrutinize the WNT signaling pathway and its involvement in the genesis of glioblastoma as well as its acquired therapy resistance. We also provide an analysis of the WNT pathway in terms of its therapeutic importance in addition to an overview of the current targeted therapies under clinical investigation.
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36
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Lu Y, Tian M, Liu J, Wang K. LINC00511 facilitates Temozolomide resistance of glioblastoma cells via sponging miR-126-5p and activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22848. [PMID: 34328678 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-line chemotherapy drug for glioblastoma (GBM) but acquired TMZ resistance is frequently observed. Thus, a TMZ resistant GBM cell line U87-R was established to search for potential long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) used in TMZ resistance. In our study, LINC00511 was identified as a TMZ resistance-associated lncRNA in U87-R cells by transcriptome RNA sequencing. The potential functions of LINC00511 were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, cell viability assay, colony formation assay, western blot, soft agar assay, flow cytometry, tumor xenograft model, immunofluorescence, sphere formation assay, fluorescent in situ hybridization, luciferase reporter assay, and RNA pull-down assay. We found that LINC00511 was upregulated in U87-R cells and GBM samples, and correlated with poor prognosis of GBM patients. Silencing LINC00511 impaired TMZ tolerance of U87-R cells, while LINC00511 overexpression increased TMZ resistance of sensitive GBM cells. Wnt/β-catenin signaling was activated in U87-R cells, and inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling enhanced TMZ sensitivity. Furthermore, LINC00511 was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of GBM cells and regulated Wnt/β-catenin activation by acting as a molecular sponge for miR-126-5p. Multiple genes of Wnt/β-catenin signaling such as DVL3, WISP1, and WISP2 were targeted by miR-126-5p. MiR-126-5p restoration impaired TMZ resistance of GBM cells. In conclusion, our results provided a novel insight into acquired TMZ resistance of GBM cells and suggested LINC00511 as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Department of Neurology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan province, China
| | - Meng Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiongbo Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Xinxiang, Xinxiang, Henan province, China
| | - Kuanhong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan province, China
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37
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Precilla DS, Kuduvalli SS, Purushothaman M, Marimuthu P, Ramachandran MA, Anitha TS. Wnt/β-catenin Antagonists: Exploring New Avenues to Trigger Old Drugs in Alleviating Glioblastoma Multiforme. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:338-360. [PMID: 33881978 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210420115431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most heterogenous primary brain tumor with high mortality. Nevertheless, of the current therapeutic approaches, survival rate remains poor with 12 to 15 months following preliminary diagnosis, this warrants the need for effective treatment modality. Wnt/β-catenin pathway is presumably the most noteworthy pathway up-regulated in almost 80% GBM cases contributing to tumor-initiation, progression and survival. Therefore, therapeutic strategies targeting key components of Wnt/β-catenin cascade using established genotoxic agents like temozolomide and pharmacological inhibitors would be an effective approach to modulate Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Recently, drug repurposing by means of effective combination therapy has gained importance in various solid tumors including GBM, by targeting two or more proteins in a single pathway, thereby possessing the ability to overcome the hurdle implicated by chemo-resistance in GBM. OBJECTIVE In this context, by employing computational tools, an attempt has been carried out to speculate the novel combinations against Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. METHODS We have explored the binding interactions of three conventional drugs namely temozolomide, metformin, chloroquine along with three natural compounds viz., epigallocatechin gallate, naringenin and phloroglucinol on the major receptors of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. RESULTS It was noted that all the experimental compounds possessed profound interaction with the two major receptors of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to characterize the combined interactions of the afore-mentioned drugs on Wnt/β-catenin signaling in silico and this will putatively open up new avenues for combination therapies in GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy S Precilla
- Central Inter-Disciplinary Research Facility, School of Biological Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to-be University), Puducherry, India
| | - Shreyas S Kuduvalli
- Central Inter-Disciplinary Research Facility, School of Biological Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to-be University), Puducherry, India
| | | | - Parthiban Marimuthu
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory - Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku. Finland
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38
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Łysiak M, Smits A, Roodakker KR, Sandberg E, Dimberg A, Mudaisi M, Bratthäll C, Strandeus M, Milos P, Hallbeck M, Söderkvist P, Malmström A. Deletions on Chromosome Y and Downregulation of the SRY Gene in Tumor Tissue Are Associated with Worse Survival of Glioblastoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071619. [PMID: 33807423 PMCID: PMC8036637 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological causes of sex disparity seen in the prevalence of cancer, including glioblastoma (GBM), remain poorly understood. One of the considered aspects is the involvement of the sex chromosomes, especially loss of chromosome Y (LOY). METHODS Tumors from 105 isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild type male GBM patients were tested with droplet digital PCR for copy number changes of ten genes on chromosome Y. Decreased gene expression, a proxy of gene loss, was then analyzed in 225 IDH wild type GBM derived from TCGA and overall survival in both cohorts was tested with Kaplan-Meier log-rank analysis and maximally selected rank statistics for cut-off determination. RESULTS LOY was associated with significantly shorter overall survival (7 vs. 14.6 months, p = 0.0016), and among investigated individual genes survival correlated most prominently with loss of the sex-determining region Y gene (SRY) (10.8 vs. 14.8 months, p = 0.0031). Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that epidermal growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and MYC proto-oncogene signaling pathways are associated with low SRY expression. CONCLUSION Our data show that deletions and reduced gene expression of chromosome Y genes, especially SRY, are associated with reduced survival of male GBM patients and connected to major susceptibility pathways of gliomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Łysiak
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; (M.M.); (P.M.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.Ł.); (P.S.)
| | - Anja Smits
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology, Uppsala University, University Hospital, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.R.R.); (E.S.)
| | - Kenney Roy Roodakker
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology, Uppsala University, University Hospital, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.R.R.); (E.S.)
| | - Elisabeth Sandberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology, Uppsala University, University Hospital, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.R.R.); (E.S.)
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Institute of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Munila Mudaisi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; (M.M.); (P.M.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
- Department of Oncology in Linköping, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | | | | | - Peter Milos
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; (M.M.); (P.M.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
- Department of Neurosurgery in Linköping, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martin Hallbeck
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; (M.M.); (P.M.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Söderkvist
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; (M.M.); (P.M.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.Ł.); (P.S.)
| | - Annika Malmström
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; (M.M.); (P.M.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
- Department of Advanced Home Care, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
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39
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The adaptive transition of glioblastoma stem cells and its implications on treatments. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:124. [PMID: 33753720 PMCID: PMC7985200 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most malignant tumor occurring in the human central nervous system with overall median survival time <14.6 months. Current treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy cannot reach an optimal remission since tumor resistance to therapy remains a challenge. Glioblastoma stem cells are considered to be responsible for tumor resistance in treating glioblastoma. Previous studies reported two subtypes, proneural and mesenchymal, of glioblastoma stem cells manifesting different sensitivity to radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Mesenchymal glioblastoma stem cells, as well as tumor cells generate from which, showed resistance to radiochemotherapies. Besides, two metabolic patterns, glutamine or glucose dependent, of mesenchymal glioblastoma stem cells also manifested different sensitivity to radiochemotherapies. Glutamine dependent mesenchymal glioblastoma stem cells are more sensitive to radiotherapy than glucose-dependent ones. Therefore, the transition between proneural and mesenchymal subtypes, or between glutamine-dependent and glucose-dependent, might lead to tumor resistance to radiochemotherapies. Moreover, neural stem cells were also hypothesized to participate in glioblastoma stem cells mediated tumor resistance to radiochemotherapies. In this review, we summarized the basic characteristics, adaptive transition and implications of glioblastoma stem cells in glioblastoma therapy.
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40
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Ren Y, Zhang H, Wang Y, Du B, Yang J, Liu L, Zhang Q. Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel with Adjustable Stiffness for Mesenchymal Stem Cell 3D Culture via Related Molecular Mechanisms to Maintain Stemness and Induce Cartilage Differentiation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2601-2613. [PMID: 35014377 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The stemness and differentiation characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in three-dimensional (3D) culture are of great significance for stem cell therapy and cartilage tissue engineering repair. Moreover, due to their mechanical sensitivity, scaffold materials play important roles in various cell behaviors in 3D culture. In this study, the mechanical strength of hydrogel scaffolds was adjusted by changing the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid (HA). It was proven that BMSCs in a low-strength hydrogel could maintain stemness properties by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway for 1 week, while the high-molecular-weight hydrogel with a higher mechanical strength had the potential to promote the direction of cartilage differentiation of BMSCs by opening transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4)/Ca2+ molecular channels, also increasing the expression of type II collagen and SOX9 in BMSCs. This research has a certain reference value for the design of biomaterials for BMSCs' delivery in vivo, as well as the formulation of cartilage repair drug delivery programs based on molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Han Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Yunping Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Bo Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Lingrong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Qiqing Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China.,Fujian Bote Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, P. R. China
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41
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Galdieri L, Jash A, Malkova O, Mao DD, DeSouza P, Chu YE, Salter A, Campian JL, Naegle KM, Brennan CW, Wakimoto H, Oh ST, Kim AH, Chheda MG. Defining phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of glioblastoma stem cells by mass cytometry. JCI Insight 2021; 6:128456. [PMID: 33400685 PMCID: PMC7934942 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.128456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Most patients with glioblastoma (GBM) die within 2 years. A major therapeutic goal is to target GBM stem cells (GSCs), a subpopulation of cells that contribute to treatment resistance and recurrence. Since their discovery in 2003, GSCs have been isolated using single-surface markers, such as CD15, CD44, CD133, and α6 integrin. It remains unknown how these single-surface marker-defined GSC populations compare with each other in terms of signaling and function and whether expression of different combinations of these markers is associated with different functional capacity. Using mass cytometry and fresh operating room specimens, we found 15 distinct GSC subpopulations in patients, and they differed in their MEK/ERK, WNT, and AKT pathway activation status. Once in culture, some subpopulations were lost and previously undetectable ones materialized. GSCs that highly expressed all 4 surface markers had the greatest self-renewal capacity, WNT inhibitor sensitivity, and in vivo tumorigenicity. This work highlights the potential signaling and phenotypic diversity of GSCs. Larger patient sample sizes and antibody panels are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olga Malkova
- Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, and
| | - Diane D Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Yunli E Chu
- Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biological Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Amber Salter
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jian L Campian
- Department of Medicine.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kristen M Naegle
- Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biological Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Cameron W Brennan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen T Oh
- Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, and.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Albert H Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Milan G Chheda
- Department of Medicine.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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42
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Guilhamon P, Chesnelong C, Kushida MM, Nikolic A, Singhal D, MacLeod G, Madani Tonekaboni SA, Cavalli FM, Arlidge C, Rajakulendran N, Rastegar N, Hao X, Hassam R, Smith LJ, Whetstone H, Coutinho FJ, Nadorp B, Ellestad KI, Luchman HA, Chan JAW, Shoichet MS, Taylor MD, Haibe-Kains B, Weiss S, Angers S, Gallo M, Dirks PB, Lupien M. Single-cell chromatin accessibility profiling of glioblastoma identifies an invasive cancer stem cell population associated with lower survival. eLife 2021; 10:64090. [PMID: 33427645 PMCID: PMC7847307 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin accessibility discriminates stem from mature cell populations, enabling the identification of primitive stem-like cells in primary tumors, such as glioblastoma (GBM) where self-renewing cells driving cancer progression and recurrence are prime targets for therapeutic intervention. We show, using single-cell chromatin accessibility, that primary human GBMs harbor a heterogeneous self-renewing population whose diversity is captured in patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). In-depth characterization of chromatin accessibility in GSCs identifies three GSC states: Reactive, Constructive, and Invasive, each governed by uniquely essential transcription factors and present within GBMs in varying proportions. Orthotopic xenografts reveal that GSC states associate with survival, and identify an invasive GSC signature predictive of low patient survival, in line with the higher invasive properties of Invasive state GSCs compared to Reactive and Constructive GSCs as shown by in vitro and in vivo assays. Our chromatin-driven characterization of GSC states improves prognostic precision and identifies dependencies to guide combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Guilhamon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Charles Chesnelong
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michelle M Kushida
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ana Nikolic
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Divya Singhal
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Graham MacLeod
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Seyed Ali Madani Tonekaboni
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Florence Mg Cavalli
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Naghmeh Rastegar
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Xiaoguang Hao
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Rozina Hassam
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Laura J Smith
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Heather Whetstone
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fiona J Coutinho
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bettina Nadorp
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Katrina I Ellestad
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - H Artee Luchman
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jennifer Ai-Wen Chan
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Molly S Shoichet
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Departments of Molecular Genetics and Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada.,Vector Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Samuel Weiss
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Stephane Angers
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marco Gallo
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Peter B Dirks
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lupien
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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43
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Yao Q, Xing Y, Wang Z, Liang J, Lin Q, Huang M, Chen Y, Lin B, Xu X, Chen W. MiR-16-5p suppresses myofibroblast activation in systemic sclerosis by inhibiting NOTCH signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:2640-2654. [PMID: 33411678 PMCID: PMC7880343 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a prototypic fibrotic disease characterized by localized or diffuse skin thickening and fibrosis. Tissue fibrosis is driven by myofibroblasts, and factors affecting myofibroblast activation may also be involved in the development of SSc. In this study, we examined molecular mechanisms underlying SSc by focusing on myofibroblast activation processes. Bioinformatics analysis conducted to identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and genes (DEGs) revealed that microRNA-16-5p (miR-16-5p) was downregulated and NOTCH2 was upregulated in SSc patients. In vitro experiments confirmed that miR-16-5p was able to bind directly to NOTCH2 and inhibit myofibroblast activation. Moreover, miR-16-5p-dependent inhibition of NOTCH2 decreased collagen and α-SMA expression. MiR-16-5p downregulation and NOTCH2 upregulation was also confirmed in vivo in SSc patients, and NOTCH2 activation promoted fibrosis progression in vitro. These results indicate that miR-16-5p suppresses myofibroblast activation by suppressing NOTCH signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qicen Yao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yixi Xing
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Zaiyan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Jin Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Qianqi Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Meiqiong Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yiling Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Bo Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Xiayu Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Weifei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
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44
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Xu J, Koval A, Katanaev VL. Beyond TNBC: Repositioning of Clofazimine Against a Broad Range of Wnt-Dependent Cancers. Front Oncol 2020; 10:602817. [PMID: 33363033 PMCID: PMC7758533 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.602817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays key roles in oncogenic transformation and progression in a number of cancer types, including tumors in the breast, colon, ovaries, liver, and other tissues. Despite this importance, no therapy targeting the Wnt pathway currently exists. We have previously shown that the anti-mycobacterium drug clofazimine is a specific inhibitor of Wnt signaling and cell proliferation in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, we expand the applicability of clofazimine to a set of other Wnt-dependent cancers. Using a panel of cell lines from hepatocellular carcinoma, glioblastoma, as well as colorectal and ovarian cancer, we show that the efficacy of clofazimine against a given cancer type correlates with the basal levels of Wnt pathway activation and the ability of the drug to inhibit Wnt signaling in it, being further influenced by the cancer mutational spectrum. Our study establishes the basis for patient stratification in the future clinical trials of clofazimine and may ultimately contribute to the establishment of the Wnt pathway-targeted therapy against a diverse set of cancer types relying on the oncogenic Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Xu
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexey Koval
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir L Katanaev
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.,Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
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45
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Olatz C, Patricia GG, Jon L, Iker B, Carmen DLH, Fernando U, Gaskon I, Ramon PJ. Is There Such a Thing as a Genuine Cancer Stem Cell Marker? Perspectives from the Gut, the Brain and the Dental Pulp. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120426. [PMID: 33260962 PMCID: PMC7760753 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of healthy stem cells into cancer stem cells (CSCs) is believed to underlie tumor relapse after surgical removal and fuel tumor growth and invasiveness. CSCs often arise from the malignant transformation of resident multipotent stem cells, which are present in most human tissues. Some organs, such as the gut and the brain, can give rise to very aggressive types of cancers, contrary to the dental pulp, which is a tissue with a very remarkable resistance to oncogenesis. In this review, we focus on the similarities and differences between gut, brain and dental pulp stem cells and their related CSCs, placing a particular emphasis on both their shared and distinctive cell markers, including the expression of pluripotency core factors. We discuss some of their similarities and differences with regard to oncogenic signaling, telomerase activity and their intrinsic propensity to degenerate to CSCs. We also explore the characteristics of the events and mutations leading to malignant transformation in each case. Importantly, healthy dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) share a great deal of features with many of the so far reported CSC phenotypes found in malignant neoplasms. However, there exist literally no reports about the contribution of DPSCs to malignant tumors. This raises the question about the particularities of the dental pulp and what specific barriers to malignancy might be present in the case of this tissue. These notable differences warrant further research to decipher the singular properties of DPSCs that make them resistant to transformation, and to unravel new therapeutic targets to treat deadly tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crende Olatz
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (C.O.); (G.-G.P.); (L.J.); (B.I.); (d.l.H.C.); (U.F.)
| | - García-Gallastegui Patricia
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (C.O.); (G.-G.P.); (L.J.); (B.I.); (d.l.H.C.); (U.F.)
| | - Luzuriaga Jon
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (C.O.); (G.-G.P.); (L.J.); (B.I.); (d.l.H.C.); (U.F.)
| | - Badiola Iker
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (C.O.); (G.-G.P.); (L.J.); (B.I.); (d.l.H.C.); (U.F.)
| | - de la Hoz Carmen
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (C.O.); (G.-G.P.); (L.J.); (B.I.); (d.l.H.C.); (U.F.)
| | - Unda Fernando
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (C.O.); (G.-G.P.); (L.J.); (B.I.); (d.l.H.C.); (U.F.)
| | - Ibarretxe Gaskon
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (C.O.); (G.-G.P.); (L.J.); (B.I.); (d.l.H.C.); (U.F.)
- Correspondence: (I.G.); (P.J.R.); Tel.: +34-946-013-218 (I.G.); +34-946-012-426 (P.J.R.)
| | - Pineda Jose Ramon
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (C.O.); (G.-G.P.); (L.J.); (B.I.); (d.l.H.C.); (U.F.)
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience Fundazioa, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.G.); (P.J.R.); Tel.: +34-946-013-218 (I.G.); +34-946-012-426 (P.J.R.)
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46
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Wnt signaling: An attractive target for periodontitis treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:110935. [PMID: 33227711 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is the most common chronic inflammatory disease, and a leading cause of tooth loss. Characterized by resorption of alveolar process and destruction of periodontal ligaments, periodontitis can impact not only periodontal tissues but also systemic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory infections. Currently, it is a hotspot to manage destruction and gain regeneration of periodontal tissues. Increasing evidence indicates that the Wnt signaling plays an important role in homeostasis of periodontal tissues, functions of periodontal derived cells, and progression of periodontitis. Its molecule expressions were abnormal in periodontitis. As such, modulators targeting the Wnt signaling may be an adjuvant therapy for periodontitis treatment. This review elucidates the role of Wnt signaling and its molecules, with a view to develop a potential application of drugs targeting the Wnt signaling for periodontitis treatment.
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Coelho BP, Fernandes CFDL, Boccacino JM, Souza MCDS, Melo-Escobar MI, Alves RN, Prado MB, Iglesia RP, Cangiano G, Mazzaro GLR, Lopes MH. Multifaceted WNT Signaling at the Crossroads Between Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Autophagy in Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:597743. [PMID: 33312955 PMCID: PMC7706883 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.597743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells can employ epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) or autophagy in reaction to microenvironmental stress. Importantly, EMT and autophagy negatively regulate each other, are able to interconvert, and both have been shown to contribute to drug-resistance in glioblastoma (GBM). EMT has been considered one of the mechanisms that confer invasive properties to GBM cells. Autophagy, on the other hand, may show dual roles as either a GBM-promoter or GBM-suppressor, depending on microenvironmental cues. The Wingless (WNT) signaling pathway regulates a plethora of developmental and biological processes such as cellular proliferation, adhesion and motility. As such, GBM demonstrates deregulation of WNT signaling in favor of tumor initiation, proliferation and invasion. In EMT, WNT signaling promotes induction and stabilization of different EMT activators. WNT activity also represses autophagy, while nutrient deprivation induces β-catenin degradation via autophagic machinery. Due to the importance of the WNT pathway to GBM, and the role of WNT signaling in EMT and autophagy, in this review we highlight the effects of the WNT signaling in the regulation of both processes in GBM, and discuss how the crosstalk between EMT and autophagy may ultimately affect tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Paranhos Coelho
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Felix de Lima Fernandes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Marcia Boccacino
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara da Silva Souza
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Melo-Escobar
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Nunes Alves
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Brandão Prado
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Piatniczka Iglesia
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Cangiano
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giulia La Rocca Mazzaro
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilene Hohmuth Lopes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Parmigiani E, Taylor V, Giachino C. Oncogenic and Tumor-Suppressive Functions of NOTCH Signaling in Glioma. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102304. [PMID: 33076453 PMCID: PMC7602630 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the role of NOTCH signaling has been extensively studied in health and disease, many questions still remain unresolved. Being crucial for tissue homeostasis, NOTCH signaling is also implicated in multiple cancers by either promoting or suppressing tumor development. In this review we illustrate the context-dependent role of NOTCH signaling during tumorigenesis with a particular focus on gliomas, the most frequent and aggressive brain tumors in adults. For a long time, NOTCH has been considered an oncogene in glioma mainly by virtue of its neural stem cell-promoting activity. However, the recent identification of NOTCH-inactivating mutations in some glioma patients has challenged this notion, prompting a re-examination of the function of NOTCH in brain tumor subtypes. We discuss recent findings that might help to reconcile the controversial role of NOTCH signaling in this disease, and pose outstanding questions that still remain to be addressed.
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49
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Wang Z, Guo X, Gao L, Wang Y, Ma W, Xing B. Glioblastoma cell differentiation trajectory predicts the immunotherapy response and overall survival of patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:18297-18321. [PMID: 32957084 PMCID: PMC7585071 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor. In this study, we aimed to investigate the differentiation states of GBM cells and their clinical relevance. Integrated single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data and bulk RNA-seq data from GBM samples were used for analysis. Two subsets of GBM cells in distinct differentiation states were characterized, and 498 GBM cell differentiation-related genes (GDRGs) were identified. GDRGs were significantly correlated with immune regulation and metabolic pathways. We classified the GBM patients into two groups based on the expression of GDRGs in tumors and found that the cell differentiation-based classification successfully predicted patient overall survival (OS), immune checkpoint expression and likelihood of immunotherapy response in GBMs. FN1, APOE, RPL7A and GSTM2 were the 4 most significant survival-predicting GDRGs, and patients with different expression levels of each of these genes had distinct survival outcomes. Finally, a nomogram composed of the GDRG signature, age, pharmacotherapy, radiotherapy, IDH mutations and MGMT promoter methylation was generated and validated in two large GBM cohorts to predict GBM prognosis. This study highlights the significant roles of cell differentiation in predicting the clinical outcomes of GBM patients and their potential response to immunotherapy, suggesting promising therapeutic targets for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, P. R. China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, P. R. China
| | - Bing Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, P. R. China
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50
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Lee SH, Reed-Newman T, Anant S, Ramasamy TS. Regulatory Role of Quiescence in the Biological Function of Cancer Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 16:1185-1207. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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