1
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Gleason CE, Dickson MA, Klein (Dooley) ME, Antonescu CR, Gularte-Mérida R, Benitez M, Delgado JI, Kataru RP, Tan MWY, Bradic M, Adamson TE, Seier K, Richards AL, Palafox M, Chan E, D'Angelo SP, Gounder MM, Keohan ML, Kelly CM, Chi P, Movva S, Landa J, Crago AM, Donoghue MT, Qin LX, Serra V, Turkekul M, Barlas A, Firester DM, Manova-Todorova K, Mehrara BJ, Kovatcheva M, Tan NS, Singer S, Tap WD, Koff A. Therapy-Induced Senescence Contributes to the Efficacy of Abemaciclib in Patients with Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:703-718. [PMID: 37695642 PMCID: PMC10870201 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We conducted research on CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) simultaneously in the preclinical and clinical spaces to gain a deeper understanding of how senescence influences tumor growth in humans. PATIENTS AND METHODS We coordinated a first-in-kind phase II clinical trial of the CDK4/6i abemaciclib for patients with progressive dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS) with cellular studies interrogating the molecular basis of geroconversion. RESULTS Thirty patients with progressing DDLS enrolled and were treated with 200 mg of abemaciclib twice daily. The median progression-free survival was 33 weeks at the time of the data lock, with 23 of 30 progression-free at 12 weeks (76.7%, two-sided 95% CI, 57.7%-90.1%). No new safety signals were identified. Concurrent preclinical work in liposarcoma cell lines identified ANGPTL4 as a necessary late regulator of geroconversion, the pathway from reversible cell-cycle exit to a stably arrested inflammation-provoking senescent cell. Using this insight, we were able to identify patients in which abemaciclib induced tumor cell senescence. Senescence correlated with increased leukocyte infiltration, primarily CD4-positive cells, within a month of therapy. However, those individuals with both senescence and increased TILs were also more likely to acquire resistance later in therapy. These suggest that combining senolytics with abemaciclib in a subset of patients may improve the duration of response. CONCLUSIONS Abemaciclib was well tolerated and showed promising activity in DDLS. The discovery of ANGPTL4 as a late regulator of geroconversion helped to define how CDK4/6i-induced cellular senescence modulates the immune tumor microenvironment and contributes to both positive and negative clinical outcomes. See related commentary by Weiss et al., p. 649.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E. Gleason
- Louis V. Gerstner Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Program in Molecular Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Mark A. Dickson
- Departments of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Mary E. Klein (Dooley)
- Louis V. Gerstner Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Program in Molecular Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | | | - Rodrigo Gularte-Mérida
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Marimar Benitez
- Louis V. Gerstner Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Program in Molecular Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Juliana I. Delgado
- Louis V. Gerstner Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Program in Molecular Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Raghu P. Kataru
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mark Wei Yi Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martina Bradic
- The Marie Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Travis E. Adamson
- Departments of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Kenneth Seier
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Allison L. Richards
- Departments of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Marta Palafox
- The Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Chan
- The Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sandra P. D'Angelo
- Departments of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Mrinal M. Gounder
- Departments of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Mary Louise Keohan
- Departments of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Ciara M. Kelly
- Departments of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Ping Chi
- Departments of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sujana Movva
- Departments of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan Landa
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Aimee M. Crago
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Mark T.A. Donoghue
- The Marie Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Li-Xuan Qin
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Violetta Serra
- The Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mesruh Turkekul
- The Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Afsar Barlas
- The Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Daniel M. Firester
- Department of Sensory Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Katia Manova-Todorova
- The Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Babak J. Mehrara
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marta Kovatcheva
- Program in Molecular Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Samuel Singer
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - William D. Tap
- Departments of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Andrew Koff
- Program in Molecular Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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2
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Liu K, Zhao C, Adajar RC, DeZwaan-McCabe D, Rutkowski DT. A beneficial adaptive role for CHOP in driving cell fate selection during ER stress. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:228-253. [PMID: 38177915 PMCID: PMC10897205 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular stresses elicit signaling cascades that are capable of either mitigating the inciting dysfunction or initiating cell death. During endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the transcription factor CHOP is widely recognized to promote cell death. However, it is not clear whether CHOP also has a beneficial role during adaptation. Here, we combine a new, versatile, genetically modified Chop allele with single cell analysis and with stresses of physiological intensity, to rigorously examine the contribution of CHOP to cell fate. Paradoxically, we find that CHOP promotes death in some cells, but proliferation-and hence recovery-in others. Strikingly, this function of CHOP confers to cells a stress-specific competitive growth advantage. The dynamics of CHOP expression and UPR activation at the single cell level suggest that CHOP maximizes UPR activation, which in turn favors stress resolution, subsequent UPR deactivation, and proliferation. Taken together, these findings suggest that CHOP's function can be better described as a "stress test" that drives cells into either of two mutually exclusive fates-adaptation or death-during stresses of physiological intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihua Liu
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Chaoxian Zhao
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Reed C Adajar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Diane DeZwaan-McCabe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - D Thomas Rutkowski
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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3
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Hou J, Zheng Y, Gao C. Regulation of cellular senescence by innate immunity. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2023; 9:338-351. [PMID: 38524701 PMCID: PMC10960571 DOI: 10.52601/bpr.2023.230032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the interplay between the processes of immunity and senescence is drawing more and more intensive attention. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces senescence in lung cells, failure to clear infected cells and increased presence of inflammatory factors could lead to a cytokine storm and acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS), which together with aging and age-associated disease lead to 70% of COVID-19-related deaths. Studies on how senescence initiates upon viral infection and how to restrict excessive accumulation of senescent cells to avoid harmful inflammation are crucially important. Senescence can induce innate immune signaling, and innate immunity can engage cell senescence. Here, we mainly review the innate immune pathways, such as cGAS-STING, TLRs, NF-κB, and NLRP3 inflammasome, participating in the senescence process. In these pathways, IFN-I and inflammatory factors play key roles. At the end of the review, we propose the strategies by which we can improve the immune function and reduce inflammation based on these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Immunology, the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Immunology, the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Chengjiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Immunology, the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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4
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Shao H, Li X, Wu P, Chen Z, Zhang C, Gu H. A Cellular Senescence-Related Signature Predicts Cervical Cancer Patient Outcome and Immunotherapy Sensitivity. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:3661-3676. [PMID: 37580647 PMCID: PMC10691978 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01305-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most prevalent gynecological malignancies. The rate of mortality and morbidity among patients with CC is high. Cellular senescence is involved in tumorigenesis as well as in the cancer progression. However, the involvement of cellular senescence in CC development is still unclear and requires further investigation. In this study, we retrieved data on cellular senescence-related genes (CSRGs) from the "CellAge" Database. We used the TCGA-CESC and CGCI-HTMCP-CC datasets as the training and validation sets, respectively. Finally, a signature was constructed using "univariate" and "Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator" (LASSO) Cox regression analysis, which contains eight CSRGs. Using this signature, we calculated the risk scores of all patients in the training and validation cohorts and categorized them into the low-risk group (LR-G) and the high-risk group (HR-G). Results showed that, compared to patients in the HR-G, those in the LR-G demonstrated a more positive clinical prognosis, more abundant immune cell infiltrations, and a more active immune response. The signature could also modulate the expression of SASP factors. In vitro studies showed an increased expression of SERPINE1 and IL-1α genes included in the signature in CC cells and tissues. Our findings help to deepen our insights into the etiology of CC, which could be beneficial for prognostic prediction and immunotherapy in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Shao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huai'an Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Huaian, 223000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zixi Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Caihong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Hang Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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5
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Shaw BC, Anders VR, Tinkey RA, Habean ML, Brock OD, Frostino BJ, Williams JL. Immunity impacts cognitive deficits across neurological disorders. J Neurochem 2023:10.1111/jnc.15999. [PMID: 37899543 PMCID: PMC11056485 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are a common comorbidity with neurological disorders and normal aging. Inflammation is associated with multiple diseases including classical neurodegenerative dementias such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS), in which over half of all patients experience some form of cognitive deficits. Other degenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) including frontotemporal lobe dementia (FTLD), and Parkinson's disease (PD) as well as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and psychological disorders like major depressive disorder (MDD), and even normal aging all have cytokine-associated reductions in cognitive function. Thus, there is likely commonality between these secondary cognitive deficits and inflammation. Neurological disorders are increasingly associated with substantial neuroinflammation, in which CNS-resident cells secrete cytokines and chemokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and interleukins (ILs) including IL-1β and IL-6. CNS-resident cells also respond to a wide variety of cytokines and chemokines, which can have both direct effects on neurons by changing the expression of ion channels and perturbing electrical properties, as well as indirect effects through glia-glia and immune-glia cross-talk. There is significant overlap in these cytokine and chemokine expression profiles across diseases, with TNFα and IL-6 strongly associated with cognitive deficits in multiple disorders. Here, we review the involvement of various cytokines and chemokines in AD, MS, FTLD, PD, TBI, MDD, and normal aging in the absence of dementia. We propose that the neuropsychiatric phenotypes observed in these disorders may be at least partially attributable to a dysregulation of immunity resulting in pathological cytokine and chemokine expression from both CNS-resident and non-resident cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C. Shaw
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Victoria R. Anders
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rachel A. Tinkey
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Maria L. Habean
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Orion D. Brock
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Frostino
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- College of Science, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Jessica L. Williams
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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6
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Liu K, Zhao C, Adajar RC, DeZwaan-McCabe D, Rutkowski DT. A beneficial adaptive role for CHOP in driving cell fate selection during ER stress. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.19.533325. [PMID: 36993175 PMCID: PMC10055232 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.19.533325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular stresses elicit signaling cascades that are capable of either mitigating the inciting dysfunction or initiating cell death. During endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the transcription factor CHOP is widely recognized to promote cell death. However, it is not clear whether CHOP also has a beneficial role during adaptation. Here, we have combined a new, versatile, genetically modified Chop allele with single cell analysis and with stresses of physiological intensity, to rigorously examine the contribution of CHOP to cell fate. Paradoxically, we found that CHOP promoted death in some cells, but proliferation-and hence recovery-in others. Strikingly, this function of CHOP conferred to cells a stress-specific competitive growth advantage. The dynamics of CHOP expression and UPR activation at the single cell level suggested that CHOP maximizes UPR activation, which in turn favors stress resolution, subsequent UPR deactivation, and proliferation. Taken together, these findings suggest that CHOP's function can be better described as a "stress test" that drives cells into either of two mutually exclusive fates-adaptation or death-during stresses of physiological intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihua Liu
- Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Chaoxian Zhao
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Reed C. Adajar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Diane DeZwaan-McCabe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - D. Thomas Rutkowski
- Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
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7
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Vun J, Iqbal N, Jones E, Ganguly P. Anti-Aging Potential of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP): Evidence from Osteoarthritis (OA) and Applications in Senescence and Inflammaging. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:987. [PMID: 37627872 PMCID: PMC10451843 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging and age-related changes impact the quality of life (QOL) in elderly with a decline in movement, cognitive abilities and increased vulnerability towards age-related diseases (ARDs). One of the key contributing factors is cellular senescence, which is triggered majorly by DNA damage response (DDR). Accumulated senescent cells (SCs) release senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which includes pro-inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), lipids and chemokines that are detrimental to the surrounding tissues. Chronic low-grade inflammation in the elderly or inflammaging is also associated with cellular senescence and contributes to ARDs. The literature from the last decade has recorded the use of platelet rich plasma (PRP) to combat senescence and inflammation, alleviate pain as an analgesic, promote tissue regeneration and repair via angiogenesis-all of which are essential in anti-aging and tissue regeneration strategies. In the last few decades, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been used as an anti-aging treatment option for dermatological applications and with great interest in tissue regeneration for orthopaedic applications, especially in osteoarthritis (OA). In this exploration, we connect the intricate relationship between aging, ARDs, senescence and inflammation and delve into PRP's properties and potential benefits. We conduct a comparative review of the current literature on PRP treatment strategies, paying particular attention to the instances strongly linked to ARDs. Finally, upon careful consideration of this interconnected information in the context of aging, we suggest a prospective role for PRP in developing anti-aging therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Vun
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (J.V.); (E.J.)
- Leeds Orthopaedic & Trauma Sciences, Leeds General Infirmary, University of Leeds, Leeds LS97TF, UK
| | - Neelam Iqbal
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (J.V.); (E.J.)
| | - Payal Ganguly
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (J.V.); (E.J.)
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8
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Cayo A, Venturini W, Rebolledo-Mira D, Moore-Carrasco R, Herrada AA, Nova-Lamperti E, Valenzuela C, Brown NE. Palbociclib-Induced Cellular Senescence Is Modulated by the mTOR Complex 1 and Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119284. [PMID: 37298236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite not dividing, senescent cells acquire the ability to synthesize and secrete a plethora of bioactive molecules, a feature known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In addition, senescent cells often upregulate autophagy, a catalytic process that improves cell viability in stress-challenged cells. Notably, this "senescence-related autophagy" can provide free amino acids for the activation of mTORC1 and the synthesis of SASP components. However, little is known about the functional status of mTORC1 in models of senescence induced by CDK4/6 inhibitors (e.g., Palbociclib), or the effects that the inhibition of mTORC1 or the combined inhibition of mTORC1 and autophagy have on senescence and the SASP. Herein, we examined the effects of mTORC1 inhibition, with or without concomitant autophagy inhibition, on Palbociclib-driven senescent AGS and MCF-7 cells. We also assessed the pro-tumorigenic effects of conditioned media from Palbociclib-driven senescent cells with the inhibition of mTORC1, or with the combined inhibition of mTORC1 and autophagy. We found that Palbociclib-driven senescent cells display a partially reduced activity of mTORC1 accompanied by increased levels of autophagy. Interestingly, further mTORC1 inhibition exacerbated the senescent phenotype, a phenomenon that was reversed upon autophagy inhibition. Finally, the SASP varied upon inhibiting mTORC1, or upon the combined inhibition of mTORC1 and autophagy, generating diverse responses in cell proliferation, invasion, and migration of non-senescent tumorigenic cells. Overall, variations in the SASP of Palbociclib-driven senescent cells with the concomitant inhibition of mTORC1 seem to depend on autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Cayo
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Academic Vice Rectory, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Whitney Venturini
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Academic Vice Rectory, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Danitza Rebolledo-Mira
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Moore-Carrasco
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Andrés A Herrada
- Lymphatic and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3467987, Chile
| | - Estefanía Nova-Lamperti
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Claudio Valenzuela
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Nelson E Brown
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
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9
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Raik S, Sharma P, Kumar S, Rattan V, Das A, Kumar N, Srinivasan R, Bhattacharyya S. Three-dimensional spheroid culture of dental pulp-derived stromal cells enhance their biological and regenerative properties for potential therapeutic applications. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 160:106422. [PMID: 37172928 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) spheroids generated in a three-dimensional (3D) culture system serve as a surrogate model that maintain stem cell characteristics since these mimic the in vivo behavior of cells and tissue more closely. Our study involved a detailed characterization of the spheroids generated in ultra-low attachment flasks. The spheroids were evaluated and compared for their morphology, structural integrity, viability, proliferation, biocomponents, stem cell phenotype and differentiation abilities with monolayer culture derived cells (2D culture). The in-vivo therapeutic efficacy of DPSCs derived from 2D and 3D culture was also assessed by transplanting them in an animal model of the critical-sized calvarial defect. DPSCs formed compact and well-organized multicellular spheroids when cultured in ultra-low attachment condition with superior stemness, differentiation, and regenerative abilities than monolayer cells. They maintained lower proliferative state and showed marked difference in the cellular biocomponents such as lipid, amide and nucleic acid between DPSCs from 2D and 3D cultures. The scaffold-free 3D culture efficiently preserves DPSCs intrinsic properties and functionality by maintaining them in the state close to the native tissues. The scaffold free 3D culture methods allow easy collection of a large number of multicellular spheroids of DPSCs and therefore, this can be adopted as a feasible and efficient method of generating robust spheroids for various in-vitro and in-vivo therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Raik
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Prakshi Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Saroj Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Vidya Rattan
- Unit of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Department of Oral Health Sciences, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashim Das
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Navin Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Radhika Srinivasan
- Department of Cytology and Gynecologic Pathology, Post Graduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Shalmoli Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
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10
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Saha G, Roy S, Basu M, Ghosh MK. USP7 - a crucial regulator of cancer hallmarks. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188903. [PMID: 37127084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the course of three decades of study, the deubiquitinase Herpesvirus associated Ubiquitin-Specific Protease/Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 7 (HAUSP/USP7) has gradually come to be recognized as a crucially important molecule in cellular physiology. The fact that USP7 is overexpressed in a number of cancers, including breast, prostate, colorectal, and lung cancers, supports the idea that USP7 is also an important regulator of tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss USP7's function in relation to the cancer hallmarks described by Hanahan and Weinberg. This post-translational modifier can support increased proliferation, block unfavorable growth signals, stop cell death, and support an unstable cellular genome by manipulating key players in the pertinent signalling circuit. It is interesting to note that USP7 also aids in the stabilization of molecules that support angiogenesis and metastasis. Targeting USP7 has now emerged as a crucial component of USP7 research because pharmacological inhibition of USP7 supports p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Efficacious USP7 inhibition is currently being investigated in both synthetic and natural compounds, but issues with selectivity and a lack of co-crystal structure have hindered USP7 inhibition from being tested in clinical settings. Moreover, the development of new, more effective USP7 inhibitors and their encouraging implications by numerous groups give us a glimmer of hope for USP7-targeting medications as effective substitutes for hazardous cancer chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gouranga Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, PIN - 700032, India
| | - Srija Roy
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, PIN - 700032, India
| | - Malini Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Dhruba Chand Halder College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, PIN - 743372, India
| | - Mrinal K Ghosh
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, PIN - 700032, India.
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11
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Shao H, Li X, Wu P, Chen Z, Zhang C, Gu H. A Cellular Senescence-Related Signature Predicts Cervical Cancer Patient Outcome and Immunotherapy Sensitivity. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2769887. [PMID: 37131778 PMCID: PMC10153369 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2769887/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is among the most prevalent gynaecological malignancy. The rate of mortality and morbidity of patients with CC is high. Cellular senescence is involved in tumorigenesis as well as cancer progression. However, the involvement of cellular senescence in CC development is still unclear and requires further investigation. We retrieved data on cellular senescence-related genes (CSRGs) from the "CellAge" Database. We used TCGA-CESC and the CGCI-HTMCP-CC datasets as the training and validation sets, respectively. Eight CSRGs signatures based on the data extracted from these sets were constructed using "univariate" and "Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator Cox regression analyses". Using this model, we calculated the risk scores of all patients in the training and validation cohort and categorised these patients into the low-risk group (LR-G) and the high-risk group (HR-G). Finally, compared to patients in the HR-G, CC patients in the LR-G demonstrated a more positive clinical prognosis; the expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) markers and immune cell infiltration was higher, and these patients had more active immune responses. In vitro studies showed increased SERPINE1 and IL-1α ((genes included in the signature) expression in CC cells and tissues. The eight-gene prognostic signatures could modulate the expression of SASP factors and the tumour immune micro-environment (TIME). It could be used as a reliable biomarker for predicting the patient's prognosis and response to immunotherapy in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Shao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University: Changhai Hospital
| | - Xia Li
- Huaian First People's Hospital
| | - Pengfei Wu
- fu dan da xue fu shu yi yuan fu chan ke yi yuan: Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University
| | - Zixi Chen
- Putuo Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Shanghai PuTuo District Center Hospital
| | - Caihong Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University: Changhai Hospital
| | - Hang Gu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University: Changhai Hospital
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12
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Truskowski K, Amend SR, Pienta KJ. Dormant cancer cells: programmed quiescence, senescence, or both? Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:37-47. [PMID: 36598661 PMCID: PMC10014758 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the overwhelming driver of cancer mortality, accounting for the majority of cancer deaths. Many patients present with metastatic relapse years after eradication of the primary lesion. Disseminated cancer cells can undergo a durable proliferative arrest and lie dormant in secondary tissues before reentering the cell cycle to seed these lethal relapses. This process of cancer cell dormancy remains poorly understood, largely due to difficulties in studying these dormant cells. In the face of these challenges, the application of knowledge from the cellular senescence and quiescence fields may help to guide future thinking on the study of dormant cancer cells. Both senescence and quiescence are common programs of proliferative arrest that are integral to tissue development and homeostasis. Despite phenotypic differences, these two states also share common characteristics, and both likely play a role in cancer dormancy and delayed metastatic relapse. Understanding the cell biology behind these states, their overlaps and unique characteristics is critical to our future understanding of dormant cancer cells, as these cells likely employ some of the same molecular programs to promote survival and dissemination. In this review, we highlight the biology underlying these non-proliferative states, relate this knowledge to what we currently know about dormant cancer cells, and discuss implications for future work toward targeting these elusive metastatic seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Truskowski
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Training Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1830 E. Monument St. Suite 20103, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Cancer Ecology Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Sarah R Amend
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Training Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1830 E. Monument St. Suite 20103, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Cancer Ecology Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Training Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1830 E. Monument St. Suite 20103, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Cancer Ecology Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA
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13
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Identification and Characterization of an Ageing-Associated 13-lncRNA Signature That Predicts Prognosis and Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:4615297. [PMID: 36844873 PMCID: PMC9957638 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4615297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Background In cancer pathology, cell senescence not only alters cell function but also reshapes the immune microenvironments in tumours. However, the association between cell senescence, tumour microenvironment, and disease progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is yet to be fully understood. Therefore, the role of cell senescence-related genes and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in evaluating the clinical prognosis and immune cell infiltration (ICI) of HCC patients requires further investigation. Methods The limma R package was utilised to investigate differentially expressed genes according to the multiomics data. The CIBERSORT R package was utilised to assess ICI, and unsupervised cluster analysis was conducted using the R software's ConsensusClusterPlus package. A polygenic prognostic model of lncRNAs was constructed by conducting univariate and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) cox proportional-hazards regression analyses. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used for validation. We utilised the survminer R package to evaluate the tumour mutational burden (TMB). Moreover, the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) helped in pathway enrichment analysis, and the immune infiltration level of the model was evaluated using the IMvigor210 cohort. Results The identification of 36 prognosis-related genes was achieved based on their differential expression between healthy and liver cancer tissues. Liver cancer individuals were categorised into 3 independent senescence subtypes using the gene list, revealing considerable survival differences (variations). We observed that the prognosis of patients in the ARG-ST2 subtype was substantially better as compared to that in the ARG-ST3 subtype. Differences were observed in gene expression profiles among the three subtypes, with the differentially expressed genes predominantly associated with cell cycle control. The enrichment of upregulated genes in the ARG-ST3 subtype was observed in pathways related to biological processes, for instance, organelle fission, nuclear division, and chromosome recombination. ICI in the ARG-ST1 and ARG-ST2 subtypes, with relatively better prognosis, was substantially higher as compared to the ARG-ST3 subtype. Furthermore, a risk-score model, which can be employed as a reliable prognostic factor in an independent manner for individuals suffering from liver cancer, was constructed based on 13 cell senescence-related lncRNAs (MIR99AHG, LINC01224, LINC01138, SLC25A30AS1, AC006369.2, SOCS2AS1, LINC01063, AC006037.2, USP2AS1, FGF14AS2, LINC01116, KIF25AS1, and AC002511.2). The individuals with higher risk scores had noticeably poor prognoses in contrast with those having low-risk scores. Moreover, increased levels of TMB and ICI were observed in individuals with low-risk scores and gaining more benefit from immune checkpoint therapy. Conclusion Cell senescence is an essential factor in HCC onset and progression. We identified 13 senescence-related lncRNAs as HCC prognostic markers, which can help understand their function in the onset and progression of HCC and guide clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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14
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Kuehnemann C, Hughes JB, Desprez P, Melov S, Wiley CD, Campisi J. Antiretroviral protease inhibitors induce features of cellular senescence that are reversible upon drug removal. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13750. [PMID: 36539941 PMCID: PMC9835573 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral drugs have dramatically improved the prognosis of HIV-infected patients, with strikingly reduced morbidity and mortality. However, long-term use can be associated with signs of premature aging. Highly active antiretroviral therapy generally comprises two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), with one of three additional antiretroviral drug classes, including protease inhibitors (PIs). One commonality between mitochondrial dysfunction (induced by NRTIs) and defects in lamin A (induced by PIs) is they can cause or accelerate cellular senescence, a state of essentially irreversible growth arrest, and the secretion of many bioactive molecules collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). We hypothesized that senescent cells increase following treatment with certain HIV therapies. We compared the effects of two distinct HIV PIs: ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (ATV/r) and ritonavir-boosted darunavir (DRN/r), used in combination treatments for HIV infection. Upon ATV/r, but not DRN/r, treatment, cells arrested growth, displayed multiple features of senescence, and expressed significantly upregulated levels of many SASP factors. Furthermore, mice receiving sustained ATV/r treatment showed an increase in senescent cells and age-related decline in physiological function. However, removing treatment reversed the features of senescence observed in vivo and cell culture. Given how these features disappeared with drug removal, certain features of senescence may not be prognostic as defined by an irreversible growth arrest. Importantly, for patients that are treated or have been treated with ATV/r, our data suggest that switching to another PI that does not promote premature aging conditions (DRN/r) may improve the associated age-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisaka Kuehnemann
- Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoCaliforniaUSA
- University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on AgingTufts UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Pierre‐Yves Desprez
- Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoCaliforniaUSA
- California Pacific Medical CenterSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Simon Melov
- Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Christopher D. Wiley
- Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoCaliforniaUSA
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on AgingTufts UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
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15
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Chen S, Zhou D, Liu O, Chen H, Wang Y, Zhou Y. Cellular Senescence and Periodontitis: Mechanisms and Therapeutics. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1419. [PMID: 36290323 PMCID: PMC9598109 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease which increases in prevalence and severity in the older population. Aging is a leading risk factor for periodontitis, which exacerbates alveolar bone loss and results in tooth loss in the elderly. However, the mechanism by which aging affects periodontitis is not well understood. There is considerable evidence to suggest that targeting cellular senescence could slow down the fundamental aging process, and thus alleviate a series of age-related pathological conditions, likely including alveolar bone loss. Recently, it has been discovered that the senescent cells accumulate in the alveolar bone and promote a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Senescent cells interacting with bacteria, together with secreted SASP components altering the local microenvironment and inducing paracrine effects in neighboring cells, exacerbate the chronic inflammation in periodontal tissue and lead to more alveolar bone loss. This review will probe into mechanisms underlying excessive alveolar bone loss in periodontitis with aging and discuss potential therapeutics for the treatment of alveolar bone loss targeting cellular senescence and the SASP. Inspecting the relationship between cellular senescence and periodontitis will lead to new avenues of research in this field and contribute to developing potential translatable clinical interventions to mitigate or even reverse the harmful effects of aging on oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yueying Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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16
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Piskorz WM, Cechowska-Pasko M. Senescence of Tumor Cells in Anticancer Therapy—Beneficial and Detrimental Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911082. [PMID: 36232388 PMCID: PMC9570404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence process results in stable cell cycle arrest, which prevents cell proliferation. It can be induced by a variety of stimuli including metabolic stress, DNA damage, telomeres shortening, and oncogenes activation. Senescence is generally considered as a process of tumor suppression, both by preventing cancer cells proliferation and inhibiting cancer progression. It can also be a key effector mechanism for many types of anticancer therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, both directly and through bioactive molecules released by senescent cells that can stimulate an immune response. Senescence is characterized by a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that can have both beneficial and detrimental impact on cancer progression. Despite the negatives, attempts are still being made to use senescence to fight cancer, especially when it comes to senolytics. There is a possibility that a combination of prosenescence therapy—which targets tumor cells and causes their senescence—with senotherapy—which targets senescent cells, can be promising in cancer treatment. This review provides information on cellular senescence, its connection with carcinogenesis and therapeutic possibilities linked to this process.
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17
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Ghamar Talepoor A, Doroudchi M. Immunosenescence in atherosclerosis: A role for chronic viral infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:945016. [PMID: 36059478 PMCID: PMC9428721 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.945016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune system is a versatile and dynamic body organ which offers survival and endurance of human beings in their hostile living environment. However, similar to other cells, immune cells are hijacked by senescence. The ageing immune cells lose their beneficial functions but continue to produce inflammatory mediators which draw other immune and non-immune cells to the senescence loop. Immunosenescence has been shown to be associated with different pathological conditions and diseases, among which atherosclerosis has recently come to light. There are common drivers of both immunosenescence and atherosclerosis; e.g. inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), chronic viral infections, genomic damage, oxidized-LDL, hypertension, cigarette smoke, hyperglycaemia, and mitochondrial failure. Chronic viral infections induce inflammaging, sustained cytokine signaling, ROS generation and DNA damage which are associated with atherogenesis. Accumulating evidence shows that several DNA and RNA viruses are stimulators of immunosenescence and atherosclerosis in an interrelated network. DNA viruses such as CMV, EBV and HBV upregulate p16, p21 and p53 senescence-associated molecules; induce inflammaging, metabolic reprogramming of infected cells, replicative senescence and telomere shortening. RNA viruses such as HCV and HIV induce ROS generation, DNA damage, induction of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), metabolic reprogramming of infected cells, G1 cell cycle arrest, telomere shortening, as well as epigenetic modifications of DNA and histones. The newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 virus is also a potent inducer of cytokine storm and SASP. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 promotes senescence phenotype in endothelial cells by augmenting p16, p21, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) and adhesion molecules expression. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 mega-inflammation on atherogenesis, however, remains to be investigated. In this review we focus on the common processes in immunosenescence and atherogenesis caused by chronic viral infections and discuss the current knowledge on this topic.
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18
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Cheng N, Kim KH, Lau LF. Senescent hepatic stellate cells promote liver regeneration through IL-6 and ligands of CXCR2. JCI Insight 2022; 7:158207. [PMID: 35708907 PMCID: PMC9431681 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells have long been associated with deleterious effects in aging-related pathologies, although recent studies have uncovered their beneficial roles in certain contexts, such as wound healing. We have found that hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) underwent senescence within 2 days after 2/3 partial hepatectomy (PHx) in young (2–3 months old) mice, and the elimination of these senescent cells by using the senolytic drug ABT263 or by using a genetic mouse model impaired liver regeneration. Senescent HSCs secrete IL-6 and CXCR2 ligands as part of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, which induces multiple signaling pathways to stimulate liver regeneration. IL-6 activates STAT3, induces Yes-associated protein (YAP) activation through SRC family kinases, and synergizes with CXCL2 to activate ERK1/2 to stimulate hepatocyte proliferation. The administration of either IL-6 or CXCL2 partially restored liver regeneration in mice with senescent cell elimination, and the combination of both fully restored liver weight recovery. Furthermore, the matricellular protein central communication network factor 1 (CCN1, previously called CYR61) was rapidly elevated in response to PHx and induced HSC senescence. Knockin mice expressing a mutant CCN1 unable to bind integrin α6β1 were deficient in senescent cells and liver regeneration after PHx. Thus, HSC senescence, largely induced by CCN1, is a programmed response to PHx and plays a critical role in liver regeneration through signaling pathways activated by IL-6 and ligands of CXCR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyuan Cheng
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Lester F Lau
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
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19
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Marquez-Exposito L, Tejedor-Santamaria L, Valentijn FA, Tejera-Muñoz A, Rayego-Mateos S, Marchant V, Rodrigues-Diez RR, Rubio-Soto I, Knoppert SN, Ortiz A, Ramos AM, Goldschmeding R, Ruiz-Ortega M. Oxidative Stress and Cellular Senescence Are Involved in the Aging Kidney. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020301. [PMID: 35204184 PMCID: PMC8868560 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be considered as a clinical model for premature aging. However, non-invasive biomarkers to detect early kidney damage and the onset of a senescent phenotype are lacking. Most of the preclinical senescence studies in aging have been done in very old mice. Furthermore, the precise characterization and over-time development of age-related senescence in the kidney remain unclear. To address these limitations, the age-related activation of cellular senescence-associated mechanisms and their correlation with early structural changes in the kidney were investigated in 3- to 18-month-old C57BL6 mice. Inflammatory cell infiltration was observed by 12 months, whereas tubular damage and collagen accumulation occurred later. Early activation of cellular-senescence-associated mechanisms was found in 12-month-old mice, characterized by activation of the DNA-damage-response (DDR), mainly in tubular cells; activation of the antioxidant NRF2 pathway; and klotho downregulation. However, induction of tubular-cell-cycle-arrest (CCA) and overexpression of renal senescent-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) components was only found in 18-month-old mice. In aging mice, both inflammation and oxidative stress (marked by elevated lipid peroxidation and NRF2 inactivation) remained increased. These findings support the hypothesis that prolonged DDR and CCA, loss of nephroprotective factors (klotho), and dysfunctional redox regulatory mechanisms (NRF2/antioxidant defense) can be early drivers of age-related kidney-damage progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marquez-Exposito
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-E.); (L.T.-S.); (A.T.-M.); (S.R.-M.); (V.M.); (I.R.-S.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.R.-D.); (A.O.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Lucia Tejedor-Santamaria
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-E.); (L.T.-S.); (A.T.-M.); (S.R.-M.); (V.M.); (I.R.-S.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.R.-D.); (A.O.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Floris A. Valentijn
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, H04.312, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (F.A.V.); (S.N.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Antonio Tejera-Muñoz
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-E.); (L.T.-S.); (A.T.-M.); (S.R.-M.); (V.M.); (I.R.-S.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.R.-D.); (A.O.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-E.); (L.T.-S.); (A.T.-M.); (S.R.-M.); (V.M.); (I.R.-S.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.R.-D.); (A.O.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Vanessa Marchant
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-E.); (L.T.-S.); (A.T.-M.); (S.R.-M.); (V.M.); (I.R.-S.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.R.-D.); (A.O.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Raul R. Rodrigues-Diez
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.R.-D.); (A.O.); (A.M.R.)
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Irene Rubio-Soto
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-E.); (L.T.-S.); (A.T.-M.); (S.R.-M.); (V.M.); (I.R.-S.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.R.-D.); (A.O.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Sebastiaan N. Knoppert
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, H04.312, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (F.A.V.); (S.N.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.R.-D.); (A.O.); (A.M.R.)
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian M. Ramos
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.R.-D.); (A.O.); (A.M.R.)
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, H04.312, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (F.A.V.); (S.N.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-E.); (L.T.-S.); (A.T.-M.); (S.R.-M.); (V.M.); (I.R.-S.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.R.-D.); (A.O.); (A.M.R.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Abstract
Replicative senescence occurs due to an inability to repair DNA damage and activation of p53/p21 and p16INK4 pathways. It is considered a preventive mechanism for arresting proliferation of DNA-damaged cells. Stably senescent cells are characterized by a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which produces and secretes cytokines, chemokines, and/or matrix metalloproteinases depending on the cell type. SASP proteins may increase cell proliferation, facilitating conversion of premalignant to malignant tumor cells, triggering DNA damage, and altering the tissue microenvironment. Further, senescent cells accumulate with age, thereby aggravating age-related tissue damage. Here, we review a heretofore unappreciated role for growth hormone (GH) as a SASP component, acting in an autocrine and paracrine fashion. In senescent cells, GH is activated by DNA-damage-induced p53 and inhibits phosphorylation of DNA repair proteins ATM, Chk2, p53, and H2AX. Somatotroph adenomas containing abundant intracellular GH exhibit increased somatic copy number alterations, indicative of DNA damage, and are associated with induced p53/p21. As this pathway restrains proliferation of DNA-damaged cells, these mechanisms may underlie the senescent phenotype and benign nature of slowly proliferating pituitary somatotroph adenomas. In highly proliferative cells, such as colon epithelial cells, GH induced in response to DNA damage suppresses p53, thereby triggering senescent cell proliferation. As senescent cells harbor unrepaired DNA damage, GH may enable senescent cells to evade senescence and reenter the cell cycle, resulting in acquisition of harmful mutations. These mechanisms, at least in part, may underlie pro-aging effects of GH observed in animal models and in patients with chronically elevated GH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Chesnokova
- Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Shlomo Melmed
- Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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21
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Wu D, Tan H, Su W, Cheng D, Wang G, Wang J, Ma DA, Dong GM, Sun P. MZF1 mediates oncogene-induced senescence by promoting the transcription of p16 INK4A. Oncogene 2022; 41:414-426. [PMID: 34773072 PMCID: PMC8758531 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Oncogene induced senescence is a tumor suppressing defense mechanism, in which the cell cycle-dependent protein kinase (CDK) inhibitor p16INK4A (encoded by the CDKN2A gene) plays a key role. We previously reported that a transcriptional co-activator chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7 (CHD7) mediates oncogenic ras-induced senescence by inducing transcription of the p16INK4A gene. In the current study, we identified myeloid zinc finger 1 (MZF1) as the transcriptional factor that recruits CHD7 to the p16INK4A promoter, where it mediates oncogenic ras-induced p16INK4A transcription and senescence through CHD7, in primary human cells from multiple origins. Moreover, the expression of MZF1 is induced by oncogenic ras in senescent cells through the c-Jun and Ets1 transcriptional factors upon their activation by the Ras-Raf-1-MEK-ERK signaling pathway. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) where activating ras mutations occur frequently, reduced MZF1 expression is observed in tumors, as compared to corresponding normal tissues, and correlates with poor patient survival. Analysis of single cell RNA-sequencing data from PAAD patients revealed that among the tumor cells with normal RB expression levels, those with reduced levels of MZF1 are more likely to express lower p16INK4A levels. These findings have identified novel signaling components in the pathway that mediates induction of the p16INK4A tumor suppressor and the senescence response, and suggested that MZF1 is a potential tumor suppressor in at least some cancer types, the loss of which contributes to the inactivation of the p16INK4A/RB pathway and disruption of senescence in tumor cells with intact RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Hua Tan
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Weijun Su
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongmei Cheng
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Guanwen Wang
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA,Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA,Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ding A. Ma
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - George M. Dong
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Peiqing Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-, Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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22
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Lin W, Wang X, Wang Z, Shao F, Yang Y, Cao Z, Feng X, Gao Y, He J. Comprehensive Analysis Uncovers Prognostic and Immunogenic Characteristics of Cellular Senescence for Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:780461. [PMID: 34869385 PMCID: PMC8636167 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.780461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis, development and immune modulation in cancers. However, to date, a robust and reliable cellular senescence-related signature and its value in clinical outcomes and immunotherapy response remain unexplored in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients. Through exploring the expression profiles of 278 cellular senescence-related genes in 936 LUAD patients, a cellular senescence-related signature (SRS) was constructed and validated as an independent prognostic predictor for LUAD patients. Notably, patients with high SRS scores exhibited upregulation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and an immunosuppressive phenotype. Further analysis showed that SRS combined with immune checkpoint expression or TMB served as a good predictor for patients’ clinical outcomes, and patients with low SRS scores might benefit from immunotherapy. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that SRS involved in the regulation of the tumor immune microenvironment through SASP was a robust biomarker for the immunotherapeutic response and prognosis in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Shao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yannan Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yibo Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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23
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Majewska J, Krizhanovsky V. Breathe it in - Spotlight on senescence and regeneration in the lung. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 199:111550. [PMID: 34352324 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a highly coordinated and programmed cellular state, has a functional role in both lung physiology and pathology. While the contribution of senescent cells is recognized in the context of ageing and age-related pulmonary diseases, relatively less is known how cellular senescence of functionally distinct cell types leads to the progression of these pathologies. Recent advances in tools to track and isolate senescent cells from tissues, shed a light on the identity, behavior and function of senescent cells in vivo. The transient presence of senescent cells has an indispensable role in limiting lung damage and contributes to organ regenerative capacity upon acute stress insults. In contrast, persistent accumulation of senescent cells is a driver of age-related decline in organ function. Here, we discuss lung physiology and pathology as an example of seemingly contradictory role of senescence in structural and functional integrity of the tissue upon damage, and in age-related pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Majewska
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Valery Krizhanovsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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24
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Park MH, Choi JE, Kim JR, Bae YK. Immunohistochemical Expressions of Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype and Its Association With Immune Microenvironments and Clinicopathological Factors in Invasive Breast Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609795. [PMID: 34267603 PMCID: PMC8276694 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate immunohistochemical expression of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in invasive breast cancer (IBC) tissues and to determine relationships between SASP positivity and tumor microenvironments and the clinicopathological characteristics of IBC. Immunohistochemistry for senescence markers, that is, high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), p16, p15, and decoy receptor 2 (DCR2), was performed in tissue microarrays of 1140 IBC samples. Cases positive for at least one of these four markers were considered SASP-positive. Relations between SASP and tumor characteristics, including immune microenvironments (stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes [sTILs] density and numbers of intraepithelial CD103-positive [iCD103 + ] lymphocytes) and clinical outcomes were retrospectively evaluated. HMGB1, p16, p15, or DCR2 was positive in 6.7%, 26.6%, 21.1%, and 26.5%, respectively, of the 1,140 cases. Six hundred and five (53.1%) cases were SASP positive, and SASP positivity was significantly associated with histologic grade 3, high-sTIL and iCD103 + lymphocyte counts, absence of ER or PR, and a high Ki-67 index. Although SASP did not predict breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) or disease-free survival (DFS) in the entire cohort, SASP positivity in luminal A IBC was associated with poor BCSS and DFS. However, patients with SASP-positive TNBC showed better survival than those with SASP-negative TNBC. In multivariate analysis, SASP positivity was an independent prognostic factor in both luminal A IBC and TNBC, although the effect on prognosis was the opposite. In conclusion, SASP would be involved in the modulation of immune microenvironments and tumor progression in IBC, and its prognostic significance depends on molecular subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hui Park
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jung Eun Choi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Breast Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young Kyung Bae
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
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25
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Munk R, Anerillas C, Rossi M, Tsitsipatis D, Martindale JL, Herman AB, Yang JH, Roberts JA, Varma VR, Pandey PR, Thambisetty M, Gorospe M, Abdelmohsen K. Acid ceramidase promotes senescent cell survival. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:15750-15769. [PMID: 34102611 PMCID: PMC8266329 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is linked to chronic age-related diseases including atherosclerosis, diabetes, and neurodegeneration. Compared to proliferating cells, senescent cells express distinct subsets of proteins. In this study, we used cultured human diploid fibroblasts rendered senescent through replicative exhaustion or ionizing radiation to identify proteins differentially expressed during senescence. We identified acid ceramidase (ASAH1), a lysosomal enzyme that cleaves ceramide into sphingosine and fatty acid, as being highly elevated in senescent cells. This increase in ASAH1 levels in senescent cells was associated with a rise in the levels of ASAH1 mRNA and a robust increase in ASAH1 protein stability. Furthermore, silencing ASAH1 in pre-senescent fibroblasts decreased the levels of senescence proteins p16, p21, and p53, and reduced the activity of the senescence-associated β-galactosidase. Interestingly, depletion of ASAH1 in pre-senescent cells sensitized these cells to the senolytics Dasatinib and Quercetin (D+Q). Together, our study indicates that ASAH1 promotes senescence, protects senescent cells, and confers resistance against senolytic drugs. Given that inhibiting ASAH1 sensitizes cells towards senolysis, this enzyme represents an attractive therapeutic target in interventions aimed at eliminating senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Munk
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Carlos Anerillas
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Martina Rossi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Dimitrios Tsitsipatis
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Jennifer L Martindale
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Allison B Herman
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Jen-Hao Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Jackson A Roberts
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Vijay R Varma
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Poonam R Pandey
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Madhav Thambisetty
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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26
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Abstract
Significance: Senescence is a cellular state induced by internal or external stimuli, which result in cell cycle arrest, morphological changes, and dysfunctions in mitochondrial and lysosomal functionality as well as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Senescent cells accumulate in tissues in physiological and pathological conditions such as development, tissue repair, aging, and cancer. Recent Advances: Growing evidences indicate that senescent cells in vivo are a heterogeneous cell population due to different cell-autonomous activated pathways and distinct microenvironmental contexts. Critical Issues: In this review, we discuss the different contexts where senescence assumes a key role with beneficial or harmful outcomes. The heterogeneous nature of senescence pushes toward resolution of the specific molecular profile and secretome to typify senescent cells in physiological and pathological contexts. Future Directions: Future research will enable exploring the heterogeneity of the senescent population to precisely map the progression of cells through senescent trajectories and study the impact of the therapeutic advantage of senolytic drugs for translational strategies toward supporting the health span. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 294-307.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Sacco
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Laura Belloni
- Department of Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Clinical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Latella
- Epigenetics and Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
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27
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Ilie OD, Ciobica A, Riga S, Dhunna N, McKenna J, Mavroudis I, Doroftei B, Ciobanu AM, Riga D. Mini-Review on Lipofuscin and Aging: Focusing on The Molecular Interface, The Biological Recycling Mechanism, Oxidative Stress, and The Gut-Brain Axis Functionality. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 56:E626. [PMID: 33228124 PMCID: PMC7699382 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56110626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intra-lysosomal accumulation of the autofluorescent "residue" known as lipofuscin, which is found within postmitotic cells, remains controversial. Although it was considered a harmless hallmark of aging, its presence is detrimental as it continually accumulates. The latest evidence highlighted that lipofuscin strongly correlates with the excessive production of reactive oxygen species; however, despite this, lipofuscin cannot be removed by the biological recycling mechanisms. The antagonistic effects exerted at the DNA level culminate in a dysregulation of the cell cycle, by inducing a loss of the entire internal environment and abnormal gene(s) expression. Additionally, it appears that a crucial role in the production of reactive oxygen species can be attributed to gut microbiota, due to their ability to shape our behavior and neurodevelopment through their maintenance of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovidiu-Dumitru Ilie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue, no 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue, no 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei, no. 54, sector 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania; (S.R.); (D.R.)
| | - Sorin Riga
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei, no. 54, sector 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania; (S.R.); (D.R.)
| | - Nitasha Dhunna
- Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Pinderfields Hospital, Wakefield WF1 4DG, UK;
| | - Jack McKenna
- York Hospital, Wigginton road Clifton, York YO31 8HE, UK;
| | - Ioannis Mavroudis
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Great George St, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK;
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Electron Microscopy, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Bogdan Doroftei
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Adela-Magdalena Ciobanu
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dionisie Lupu Street, no 37, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Dan Riga
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei, no. 54, sector 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania; (S.R.); (D.R.)
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28
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Binet F, Cagnone G, Crespo-Garcia S, Hata M, Neault M, Dejda A, Wilson AM, Buscarlet M, Mawambo GT, Howard JP, Diaz-Marin R, Parinot C, Guber V, Pilon F, Juneau R, Laflamme R, Sawchyn C, Boulay K, Leclerc S, Abu-Thuraia A, Côté JF, Andelfinger G, Rezende FA, Sennlaub F, Joyal JS, Mallette FA, Sapieha P. Neutrophil extracellular traps target senescent vasculature for tissue remodeling in retinopathy. Science 2020; 369:369/6506/eaay5356. [PMID: 32820093 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay5356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In developed countries, the leading causes of blindness such as diabetic retinopathy are characterized by disorganized vasculature that can become fibrotic. Although many such pathological vessels often naturally regress and spare sight-threatening complications, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we used orthogonal approaches in human patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and a mouse model of ischemic retinopathies to identify an unconventional role for neutrophils in vascular remodeling during late-stage sterile inflammation. Senescent vasculature released a secretome that attracted neutrophils and triggered the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs ultimately cleared diseased endothelial cells and remodeled unhealthy vessels. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of NETosis prevented the regression of senescent vessels and prolonged disease. Thus, clearance of senescent retinal blood vessels leads to reparative vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Binet
- Departments of Ophthalmology and.,Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Gael Cagnone
- Departments of Pediatrics and.,Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Sergio Crespo-Garcia
- Departments of Ophthalmology and.,Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Masayuki Hata
- Departments of Ophthalmology and.,Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Mathieu Neault
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Agnieszka Dejda
- Departments of Ophthalmology and.,Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | | | - Manuel Buscarlet
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Gaelle Tagne Mawambo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | | | - Roberto Diaz-Marin
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christina Sawchyn
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Karine Boulay
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | | | - Afnan Abu-Thuraia
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jean-François Côté
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | | | | | - Florian Sennlaub
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 968 Paris F-75012, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Joyal
- Departments of Ophthalmology and .,Departments of Pediatrics and.,Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Frédérick A Mallette
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Przemyslaw Sapieha
- Departments of Ophthalmology and .,Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada.,Department of Neurology-Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
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29
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Shankar S, Tien JCY, Siebenaler RF, Chugh S, Dommeti VL, Zelenka-Wang S, Wang XM, Apel IJ, Waninger J, Eyunni S, Xu A, Mody M, Goodrum A, Zhang Y, Tesmer JJ, Mannan R, Cao X, Vats P, Pitchiaya S, Ellison SJ, Shi J, Kumar-Sinha C, Crawford HC, Chinnaiyan AM. An essential role for Argonaute 2 in EGFR-KRAS signaling in pancreatic cancer development. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2817. [PMID: 32499547 PMCID: PMC7272436 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Both KRAS and EGFR are essential mediators of pancreatic cancer development and interact with Argonaute 2 (AGO2) to perturb its function. Here, in a mouse model of mutant KRAS-driven pancreatic cancer, loss of AGO2 allows precursor lesion (PanIN) formation yet prevents progression to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Precursor lesions with AGO2 ablation undergo oncogene-induced senescence with altered microRNA expression and EGFR/RAS signaling, bypassed by loss of p53. In mouse and human pancreatic tissues, PDAC progression is associated with increased plasma membrane localization of RAS/AGO2. Furthermore, phosphorylation of AGO2Y393 disrupts both the wild-type and oncogenic KRAS-AGO2 interaction, albeit under different conditions. ARS-1620 (G12C-specific inhibitor) disrupts the KRASG12C-AGO2 interaction, suggesting that the interaction is targetable. Altogether, our study supports a biphasic model of pancreatic cancer development: an AGO2-independent early phase of PanIN formation reliant on EGFR-RAS signaling, and an AGO2-dependent phase wherein the mutant KRAS-AGO2 interaction is critical for PDAC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Shankar
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jean Ching-Yi Tien
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ronald F Siebenaler
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Seema Chugh
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Vijaya L Dommeti
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sylvia Zelenka-Wang
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Wang
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ingrid J Apel
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jessica Waninger
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sanjana Eyunni
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alice Xu
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Malay Mody
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Andrew Goodrum
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - John J Tesmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Rahul Mannan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xuhong Cao
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Pankaj Vats
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sethuramasundaram Pitchiaya
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Stephanie J Ellison
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Chandan Kumar-Sinha
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Howard C Crawford
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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30
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Basisty N, Kale A, Patel S, Campisi J, Schilling B. The power of proteomics to monitor senescence-associated secretory phenotypes and beyond: toward clinical applications. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:297-308. [PMID: 32425074 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1766976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cellular senescence is a rapidly growing field with potential relevance for the treatment of multiple human diseases. In the last decade, cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) have emerged as central drivers of aging and many chronic diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, heart disease and osteoarthritis. Major efforts are underway to develop drugs that selectively eliminate senescent cells (senolytics) or alter the SASP (senomorphics) to treat age-related diseases in humans. The translation of senescence-targeting therapies into humans is still in early stages. Nonetheless, it is clear that proteomic approaches will facilitate the discovery of important SASP proteins, development of senescence- and SASP-derived biomarkers, and identification of therapeutic targets for senolytic and senomorphic drugs. AREAS COVERED We review recent proteomic studies of cellular senescence and their translational relevance and, particularly, characterization of the secretory phenotype and preclinical development of biomarkers (from 2008-2020, PubMed). We focus on emerging areas, such as the heterogeneity of senescent cells and the SASP, extracellular vesicles released by senescent cells, and validating biomarkers of aging in vivo. EXPERT OPINION Proteomic and multi-omic approaches will be important for the development of senescence-based biomarkers to facilitate and monitor future therapeutic interventions that target senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Basisty
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato , California, USA
| | - Abhijit Kale
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato , California, USA
| | - Sandip Patel
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato , California, USA
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato , California, USA.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California , Berkeley, USA
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31
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Sasik MUT, Eravsar ETK, Kinali M, Ergul AA, Adams MM. Expression Levels of SMAD Specific E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase 2 (Smurf2) and its Interacting Partners Show Region-specific Alterations During Brain Aging. Neuroscience 2020; 436:46-73. [PMID: 32278060 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging occurs due to a combination of several factors, such as telomere attrition, cellular senescence, and stem cell exhaustion. The telomere attrition-dependent cellular senescence is regulated by increased levels of SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (smurf2). With age smurf2 expression increases and Smurf2 protein interacts with several regulatory proteins including, Smad7, Ep300, Yy1, Sirt1, Mdm2, and Tp53, likely affecting its function related to cellular aging. The current study aimed at analyzing smurf2 expression in the aged brain because of its potential regulatory roles in the cellular aging process. Zebrafish were used because like humans they age gradually and their genome has 70% similarity. In the current study, we demonstrated that smurf2 gene and protein expression levels altered in a region-specific manner during the aging process. Also, in both young and old brains, Smurf2 protein was enriched in the cytosol. These results imply that during aging Smurf2 is regulated by several mechanisms including post-translational modifications (PTMs) and complex formation. Also, the expression levels of its interacting partners defined by the STRING database, tp53, mdm2, ep300a, yy1a, smad7, and sirt1, were analyzed. Multivariate analysis indicated that smurf2, ep300a, and sirt1, whose proteins regulate ubiquitination, acetylation, and deacetylation of target proteins including Smad7 and Tp53, showed age- and brain region-dependent patterns. Our data suggest a likely balance between Smurf2- and Mdm2-mediated ubiquitination, and Ep300a-mediated acetylation/Sirt1-mediated deacetylation, which most possibly affects the functionality of other interacting partners in regulating cellular and synaptic aging and ultimately cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek Umay Tuz- Sasik
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Tugce Karoglu- Eravsar
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Psychology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Meric Kinali
- Graduate School of Informatics, Department of Health Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayca Arslan- Ergul
- Stem Cell Research and Application Center, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michelle M Adams
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
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32
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Idda ML, McClusky WG, Lodde V, Munk R, Abdelmohsen K, Rossi M, Gorospe M. Survey of senescent cell markers with age in human tissues. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:4052-4066. [PMID: 32160592 PMCID: PMC7093180 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, triggered by sublethal damage, is characterized by indefinite growth arrest, altered gene expression patterns, and a senescence-associated secretory phenotype. While the accumulation of senescent cells during aging decreases tissue function and promotes many age-related diseases, at present there is no universal marker to detect senescent cells in tissues. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors 2A (p16/CDKN2A) and 1A (p21/CDKN1A) can identify senescent cells, but few studies have examined the numbers of cells expressing these markers in different organs as a function of age. Here, we investigated systematically p16- and p21-positive cells in tissue arrays designed to include normal organs from persons across a broad spectrum of ages. Increased numbers of p21-positive and p16-positive cells with donor age were found in skin (epidermis), pancreas, and kidney, while p16-expressing cells increased in brain cortex, liver, spleen and intestine (colon), and p21-expressing cells increased in skin (dermis). The numbers of cells expressing p16 or p21 in lung did not change with age, and muscle did not appear to have p21- or p16-positive cells. In summary, different organs display different levels of the senescent proteins p16 and p21 as a function of age across the human life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laura Idda
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.,Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sassari, Italy
| | - Waverly G McClusky
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Valeria Lodde
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Rachel Munk
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Martina Rossi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Yu YCY, Hui TZ, Kao TH, Liao HF, Yang CY, Hou CC, Hsieh HT, Chang JY, Tsai YT, Pinskaya M, Yang KC, Chen YR, Morillon A, Tsai MH, Lin SP. Transient DNMT3L Expression Reinforces Chromatin Surveillance to Halt Senescence Progression in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:103. [PMID: 32195249 PMCID: PMC7064442 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Global heterochromatin reduction, which is one of the hallmarks of senescent cells, is associated with reduced transposable element repression and increased risk of chromatin instability. To ensure genomic integrity, the irreparable cells in a population exit permanently from the cell cycle, and this process is termed "senescence." However, senescence only blocks the expansion of unwanted cells, and the aberrant chromatin of senescent cells remains unstable. Serendipitously, we found that the transient ectopic expression of a repressive epigenetic modulator, DNA methyltransferase 3-like (DNMT3L) was sufficient to delay the premature senescence progression of late-passage mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) associated with a tightened global chromatin structure. DNMT3L induces more repressive H3K9 methylation on endogenous retroviruses and downregulates the derepressed transposons in aging MEFs. In addition, we found that a pulse of ectopic DNMT3L resulted in the reestablishment of H3K27me3 on polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-target genes that were derepressed in old MEFs. We demonstrated that ectopic DNMT3L interacted with PRC2 in MEFs. Our data also suggested that ectopic DNMT3L might guide PRC2 to redress deregulated chromatin regions in cells undergoing senescence. This study might lead to an epigenetic reinforcement strategy for overcoming aging-associated epimutation and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoyo Chih-Yun Yu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tony Zk Hui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tzu-Hao Kao
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Fu Liao
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Hou
- Center for Systems Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ting Hsieh
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yun Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tzang Tsai
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Marina Pinskaya
- ncRNA, Epigenetic and Genome Fluidity, CNRS UMR 3244, Sorbonne Université, PSL University, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Kai-Chien Yang
- Graduate Institute and Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yet-Ran Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Antonin Morillon
- ncRNA, Epigenetic and Genome Fluidity, CNRS UMR 3244, Sorbonne Université, PSL University, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Mong-Hsun Tsai
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Ping Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Systems Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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34
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Livshits G, Kalinkovich A. Inflammaging as a common ground for the development and maintenance of sarcopenia, obesity, cardiomyopathy and dysbiosis. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 56:100980. [PMID: 31726228 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, obesity and their coexistence, obese sarcopenia (OBSP) as well as atherosclerosis-related cardio-vascular diseases (ACVDs), including chronic heart failure (CHF), are among the greatest public health concerns in the ageing population. A clear age-dependent increased prevalence of sarcopenia and OBSP has been registered in CHF patients, suggesting mechanistic relationships. Development of OBSP could be mediated by a crosstalk between the visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) and the skeletal muscle under conditions of low-grade local and systemic inflammation, inflammaging. The present review summarizes the emerging data supporting the idea that inflammaging may serve as a mutual mechanism governing the development of sarcopenia, OBSP and ACVDs. In support of this hypothesis, various immune cells release pro-inflammatory mediators in the skeletal muscle and myocardium. Subsequently, the endothelial structure is disrupted, and cellular processes, such as mitochondrial activity, mitophagy, and autophagy are impaired. Inflamed myocytes lose their contractile properties, which is characteristic of sarcopenia and CHF. Inflammation may increase the risk of ACVD events in a hyperlipidemia-independent manner. Significant reduction of ACVD event rates, without the lowering of plasma lipids, following a specific targeting of key pro-inflammatory cytokines confirms a key role of inflammation in ACVD pathogenesis. Gut dysbiosis, an imbalanced gut microbial community, is known to be deeply involved in the pathogenesis of age-associated sarcopenia and ACVDs by inducing and supporting inflammaging. Dysbiosis induces the production of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), which is implicated in atherosclerosis, thrombosis, metabolic syndrome, hypertension and poor CHF prognosis. In OBSP, AT dysfunction and inflammation induce, in concert with dysbiosis, lipotoxicity and other pathophysiological processes, thus exacerbating sarcopenia and CHF. Administration of specialized, inflammation pro-resolving mediators has been shown to ameliorate the inflammatory manifestations. Considering all these findings, we hypothesize that sarcopenia, OBSP, CHF and dysbiosis are inflammaging-oriented disorders, whereby inflammaging is common and most probably the causative mechanism driving their pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Livshits
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.; Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel..
| | - Alexander Kalinkovich
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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35
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Gorgoulis V, Adams PD, Alimonti A, Bennett DC, Bischof O, Bishop C, Campisi J, Collado M, Evangelou K, Ferbeyre G, Gil J, Hara E, Krizhanovsky V, Jurk D, Maier AB, Narita M, Niedernhofer L, Passos JF, Robbins PD, Schmitt CA, Sedivy J, Vougas K, von Zglinicki T, Zhou D, Serrano M, Demaria M. Cellular Senescence: Defining a Path Forward. Cell 2019; 179:813-827. [PMID: 31675495 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1378] [Impact Index Per Article: 275.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a cell state implicated in various physiological processes and a wide spectrum of age-related diseases. Recently, interest in therapeutically targeting senescence to improve healthy aging and age-related disease, otherwise known as senotherapy, has been growing rapidly. Thus, the accurate detection of senescent cells, especially in vivo, is essential. Here, we present a consensus from the International Cell Senescence Association (ICSA), defining and discussing key cellular and molecular features of senescence and offering recommendations on how to use them as biomarkers. We also present a resource tool to facilitate the identification of genes linked with senescence, SeneQuest (available at http://Senequest.net). Lastly, we propose an algorithm to accurately assess and quantify senescence, both in cultured cells and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece; Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Peter D Adams
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrea Alimonti
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Lugano, Switzerland; Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Dorothy C Bennett
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Oliver Bischof
- Laboratory of Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Inserm U993, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Cleo Bishop
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark St, London E1 2AT, UK
| | | | - Manuel Collado
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerardo Ferbeyre
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal and CRCHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jesús Gil
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Eiji Hara
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Valery Krizhanovsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Diana Jurk
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medicine and Aged Care, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Masashi Narita
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - João F Passos
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Clemens A Schmitt
- Charité - University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Virchow Campus, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; Kepler University Hospital, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - John Sedivy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, and Center for the Biology of Aging, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Thomas von Zglinicki
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marco Demaria
- University of Groningen (RUG), European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands.
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36
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May V, Berchtold S, Berger A, Venturelli S, Burkard M, Leischner C, Malek NP, Lauer UM. Chemovirotherapy for pancreatic cancer: Gemcitabine plus oncolytic measles vaccine virus. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5534-5542. [PMID: 31612061 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy with vaccine viruses employs replicative vectors, which quite selectively infect tumor cells leading to massive virus replication followed by subsequent profound tumor cell death (oncolysis). Measles vaccine virus (MeV) has already shown great oncolytic activity against different types of cancers, including pancreatic cancer. Gemcitabine is a first line chemotherapeutic drug used for pancreatic cancer in palliative treatment plans. Furthermore, this drug can be used to induce senescence, a permanent cell cycle arrest, in tumor cells. In our preclinical work, three well-characterized immortalized human pancreatic cancer cell lines were used to investigate the combinatorial effect of MeV-based virotherapy together with the chemotherapeutic compound gemcitabine. Viability assays revealed that the combination of only small amounts of MeV together with subtherapeutic concentrations of gemcitabine resulted in a tumor cell mass reduction of >50%. To further investigate the replication of the oncolytic MeV vectors under these distinct combinatorial conditions, viral growth curves were generated. As a result, viral replication was found to be only slightly diminished in the presence of gemcitabine. As gemcitabine induces senescence, the effect of MeV on that phenomenon was explored using a senescence-associated β-galactosidase assay. Notably, gemcitabine-induced tumor cell senescence was not impaired by MeV. Accordingly, the chemovirotherapeutic combination of gemcitabine plus oncolytic MeV constitutes a novel therapeutic option for advanced pancreatic carcinoma that is characterized by the mutual improvement of the effectiveness of each therapeutic component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena May
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Gastroenterology, Gastroenterologic Oncology, Hepatology, Infectiology and Geriatric Medicine), University Hospital Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Berchtold
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII (Medical Oncology and Pneumology), University Hospital Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Partner Site Tuebingen, Interfaculty Institute of Biology, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Berger
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, D-88397 Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Sascha Venturelli
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Markus Burkard
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Leischner
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nisar P Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Gastroenterology, Gastroenterologic Oncology, Hepatology, Infectiology and Geriatric Medicine), University Hospital Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Lauer
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII (Medical Oncology and Pneumology), University Hospital Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Partner Site Tuebingen, Interfaculty Institute of Biology, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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37
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He Y, Thummuri D, Zheng G, Okunieff P, Citrin DE, Vujaskovic Z, Zhou D. Cellular senescence and radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Transl Res 2019; 209:14-21. [PMID: 30981698 PMCID: PMC6857805 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) is a serious treatment complication that affects about 9%-30% cancer patients receiving radiotherapy for thoracic tumors. RIPF is characterized by progressive and irreversible destruction of lung tissues and deterioration of lung function, which can compromise quality of life and eventually lead to respiratory failure and death. Unfortunately, the mechanisms by which radiation causes RIPF have not been well established nor has an effective treatment for RIPF been developed. Recently, an increasing body of evidence suggests that induction of senescence by radiation may play an important role in RIPF and clearance of senescent cells (SnCs) with a senolytic agent, small molecule that can selectively kill SnCs, has the potential to be developed as a novel therapeutic strategy for RIPF. This review discusses some of these new findings to promote further study on the role of cellular senescence in RIPF and the development of senolytic therapeutics for RIPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghan He
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Dinesh Thummuri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Paul Okunieff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Deborah E Citrin
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zeljko Vujaskovic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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38
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Fiedler EC, Hemann MT. Aiding and Abetting: How the Tumor Microenvironment Protects Cancer from Chemotherapy. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030518-055524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Disease recurrence following cancer therapy remains an intractable clinical problem and represents a major impediment to reducing the mortality attributable to malignant tumors. While research has traditionally focused on the cell-intrinsic mechanisms and mutations that render tumors refractory to both classical chemotherapeutics and targeted therapies, recent studies have begun to uncover myriad roles for the tumor microenvironment (TME) in modulating therapeutic efficacy. This work suggests that drug resistance is as much ecological as it is evolutionary. Specifically, cancers resident in organs throughout the body do not develop in isolation. Instead, tumor cells arise in the context of nonmalignant cellular components of a tissue. While the roles of these cell-extrinsic factors in cancer initiation and progression are well established, our understanding of the TME's influence on therapeutic outcome is in its infancy. Here, we focus on mechanisms by which neoplastic cells co-opt preexisting or treatment-induced signaling networks to survive chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor C. Fiedler
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Michael T. Hemann
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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39
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Pirzada RH, Orun O, Erzik C, Cagsin H, Serakinci N. Role of TRF2 and TPP1 regulation in idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 127:306-310. [PMID: 30611803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are the tandem repeats (TTAGGG) present at the ends of the chromosomes that ensure chromosome stability and protect chromosomes from degradation. Telomeres in somatic human cells shorten after every cellular division and are linked to the cellular senescence. In this study we have investigated telomere length and expression of shelterin genes in aborted fetus material from idiopathic recurrent pregnancy losses. Telomere length was measured using Telomere Restriction Fragment Length (TRF) analysis. The gene expression levels for important shelterin complex proteins (TRF1, TRF2, POT1, and TPP1) were determined by Real-time Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). Our results demonstrated down regulation of TRF2 and TPP1 and a strong decline in average telomere length in abort material from women suffering from idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss. We suggest that shorter telomere length and downregulation of the major shelterin components TRF2 and TPP1 leading to "telomere uncapping", might play a critical role in recurrent pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameez Hassan Pirzada
- Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, 999058 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Turkey; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, New Campus, Lahore 55150, Pakistan
| | - Oya Orun
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Biophysics Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Can Erzik
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Cagsin
- Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, 999058 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Turkey; Near East University, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 999058 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Nedime Serakinci
- Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, 999058 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Turkey; Near East University, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 999058 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Turkey.
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40
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Charni-Natan M, Solomon H, Molchadsky A, Jacob-Berger A, Goldfinger N, Rotter V. Various stress stimuli rewire the profile of liver secretome in a p53-dependent manner. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:647. [PMID: 29844359 PMCID: PMC5974134 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0697-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Liver is an important secretory organ that consistently manages various insults in order to retain whole-body homeostasis. Importantly, it was suggested that the tumor-suppressor p53 plays a role in a variety of liver physiological processes and thus it is being regarded as a systemic homeostasis regulator. Using high-throughput mass spectrometric analysis, we identified various p53-dependent liver secretome profiles. This allowed a global view on the role of p53 in maintaining the harmony of liver and whole-body homeostasis. We found that p53 altered the liver secretome differently under various conditions. Under physiological conditions, p53 controls factors that are related mainly to lipid metabolism and injury response. Upon exposure to various types of cancer therapy agents, the hepatic p53 is activated and induces the secretion of proteins related to additional pathways, such as hemostasis, immune response, and cell adhesion. Interestingly, we identified a possible relationship between p53-dependent liver functions and lung tumors. The latter modify differently liver secretome profile toward the secretion of proteins mainly related to cell migration and immune response. The notion that p53 may rewire the liver secretome profile suggests a new non-cell autonomous role of p53 that affect different liver functions and whole organism homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meital Charni-Natan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hilla Solomon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alina Molchadsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Jacob-Berger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Naomi Goldfinger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Varda Rotter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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41
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Shakeri H, Lemmens K, Gevaert AB, De Meyer GRY, Segers VFM. Cellular senescence links aging and diabetes in cardiovascular disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H448-H462. [PMID: 29750567 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00287.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a powerful independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and heart failure. Concomitant diabetes mellitus strongly reinforces this effect of aging on cardiovascular disease. Cellular senescence is a fundamental mechanism of aging and appears to play a crucial role in the onset and prognosis of cardiovascular disease in the context of both aging and diabetes. Senescent cells are in a state of cell cycle arrest but remain metabolically active by secreting inflammatory factors. This senescence-associated secretory phenotype is a trigger of chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and decreased nitric oxide bioavailability. A complex interplay between these three mechanisms results in age- and diabetes-associated cardiovascular damage. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on cellular senescence and its secretory phenotype, which might be the missing link between aging and diabetes contributing to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Shakeri
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Katrien Lemmens
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Andreas B Gevaert
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium.,Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Vincent F M Segers
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
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42
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Santoro A, Spinelli CC, Martucciello S, Nori SL, Capunzo M, Puca AA, Ciaglia E. Innate immunity and cellular senescence: The good and the bad in the developmental and aged brain. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:509-524. [PMID: 29389023 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0118-003r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ongoing studies evidence cellular senescence in undifferentiated and specialized cells from tissues of all ages. Although it is believed that senescence plays a wider role in several stress responses in the mature age, its participation in certain physiological and pathological processes throughout life is coming to light. The "senescence machinery" has been observed in all brain cell populations, including components of innate immunity (e.g., microglia and astrocytes). As the beneficial versus detrimental implications of senescence is an open question, we aimed to analyze the contribution of immune responses in regulatory mechanisms governing its distinct functions in healthy (development, organogenesis, danger patrolling events) and diseased brain (glioma, neuroinflammation, neurodeneration), and the putative connection between cellular and molecular events governing the 2 states. Particularly this review offers new insights into the complex roles of senescence both as a chronological event as age advances, and as a molecular mechanism of brain homeostasis through the important contribution of innate immune responses and their crosstalk with neighboring cells in brain parenchyma. We also highlight the impact of the recently described glymphatic system and brain lymphatic vasculature in the interplay between peripheral and central immune surveillance and its potential implication during aging. This will open new ways to understand brain development, its deterioration during aging, and the occurrence of several oncological and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Santoro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Via Salvatore Allende, Baronissi, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefania Lucia Nori
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Via Salvatore Allende, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Mario Capunzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Via Salvatore Allende, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Annibale Alessandro Puca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Via Salvatore Allende, Baronissi, Italy.,Cardiovascular Research Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Ciaglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Via Salvatore Allende, Baronissi, Italy
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43
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Leveraging Epigenetics to Enhance the Cellular Response to Chemotherapies and Improve Tumor Immunogenicity. Adv Cancer Res 2018; 138:1-39. [PMID: 29551125 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapeutic drugs have greatly advanced our ability to successfully treat a variety of human malignancies. The different forms of stress produced by these agents in cancer cells result in both cell autonomous and cell nonautonomous effects. Desirable cell autonomous effects include reduced proliferative potential, cellular senescence, and cell death. More recently recognized cell nonautonomous effects, usually in the form of stimulating an antitumor immune response, have significant roles in therapeutic efficiency for a select number of chemotherapies. Unfortunately, the success of these therapeutics is not universal as not all tumors respond to treatment, and those that do respond will frequently relapse into therapy-resistant disease. Numerous strategies have been developed to sensitize tumors toward chemotherapies as a means to either improve initial responses, or serve as a secondary treatment strategy for therapy-resistant disease. Recently, targeting epigenetic regulators has emerged as a viable method of sensitizing tumors to the effects of chemotherapies, many of which are cytotoxic. In this review, we summarize these strategies and propose a path for future progress.
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44
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da Silva-Camargo CCV, Svoboda Baldin RK, Costacurta Polli NL, Agostinho AP, Olandosk M, de Noronha L, Sotomaior VS. Parkin protein expression and its impact on survival of patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2018; 15:61-69. [PMID: 29545969 PMCID: PMC5842336 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2017.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Features of colorectal cancer such as natural history, molecular, chromosomal, and epigenetic alterations have been well described. However, there is still a lack of accurate prognostic markers, which is evident by the lower overall survival rates of patients with advanced cancer. Although alterations in parkin protein expression have been described in colorectal cancer, the functional significance of this protein remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of parkin expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma development and progression by evaluating the association between its expression, clinicopathological parameters, and expression of known proteins involved in colorectal cancer. Methods Tissue microarrays consisting of 73 tumor and 64 normal tissue samples were generated to examine parkin expression and localization by immunohistochemistry. Results A positive correlation of parkin and APC expression was observed in the superficial, intermediate, and profound regions of all cases (ρ = 0.37; P = 0.001). Parkin expression was also significantly associated with tumors in men (P = 0.049), those of the mucinous subtype (P = 0.028), and of advanced stage (III + IV, P = 0.041). In addition, increased parkin expression was observed in the invasive front tumor region (P = 0.013). More importantly, a positive correlation was found between parkin expression and the overall survival of patients with advanced colorectal cancer (P = 0.019). Multivariate analysis showed that parkin expression was independent of any of the clinicopathological parameters evaluated in relation to patient survival. Conclusions These results suggest that parkin expression status can be used as a potential independent prognostic marker of survival in advanced colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Caroline Veloso da Silva-Camargo
- Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation (NIMA), School of Health and Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Rosimeri Kuhl Svoboda Baldin
- Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation (NIMA), School of Health and Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Nayanne Louise Costacurta Polli
- Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation (NIMA), School of Health and Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pereira Agostinho
- Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation (NIMA), School of Health and Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Marcia Olandosk
- Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation (NIMA), School of Health and Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Lúcia de Noronha
- Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation (NIMA), School of Health and Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil.,Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná (HC-UFPR), Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Santos Sotomaior
- Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation (NIMA), School of Health and Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil
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45
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Senescence and cell death in chronic liver injury: roles and mechanisms underlying hepatocarcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2017; 9:8772-8784. [PMID: 29492237 PMCID: PMC5823588 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver injury (CLI) is a complex pathological process typically characterized by progressive destruction and regeneration of liver parenchymal cells due to diverse risk factors such as alcohol abuse, drug toxicity, viral infection, and genetic metabolic disorders. When the damage to hepatocytes is mild, the liver can regenerate itself and restore to the normal state; when the damage is irreparable, hepatocytes would undergo senescence or various forms of death including apoptosis, necrosis and necroptosis. These pathological changes not only promote the progression of the existing hepatopathies via various underlying mechanisms but are closely associated with hepatocarcinogenesis. In this review, we discuss the pathological changes that hepatocytes undergo during CLI, and their roles and mechanisms in the progression of hepatopathies and hepatocarcinogenesis. We also give a brief introduction about some animal models currently used for the research of CLI and progress in the research of CLI.
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46
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Senescence-associated reprogramming promotes cancer stemness. Nature 2017; 553:96-100. [DOI: 10.1038/nature25167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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47
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Hall BM, Balan V, Gleiberman AS, Strom E, Krasnov P, Virtuoso LP, Rydkina E, Vujcic S, Balan K, Gitlin I, Leonova K, Polinsky A, Chernova OB, Gudkov AV. Aging of mice is associated with p16(Ink4a)- and β-galactosidase-positive macrophage accumulation that can be induced in young mice by senescent cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:1294-315. [PMID: 27391570 PMCID: PMC4993332 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Senescent cells (SCs) have been considered a source of age-related chronic sterile systemic inflammation and a target for anti-aging therapies. To understand mechanisms controlling the amount of SCs, we analyzed the phenomenon of rapid clearance of human senescent fibroblasts implanted into SCID mice, which can be overcome when SCs were embedded into alginate beads preventing them from immunocyte attack. To identify putative SC killers, we analyzed the content of cell populations in lavage and capsules formed around the SC-containing beads. One of the major cell types attracted by secretory factors of SCs was a subpopulation of macrophages characterized by p16(Ink4a) gene expression and β-galactosidase activity at pH6.0 (β-gal(pH6)), thus resembling SCs. Consistently, mice with p16(Ink4a) promoter-driven luciferase, developed bright luminescence of their peritoneal cavity within two weeks following implantation of SCs embedded in alginate beads. p16(Ink4a)/β-gal(pH6)-expressing cells had surface biomarkers of macrophages F4/80 and were sensitive to liposomal clodronate used for the selective killing of cells capable of phagocytosis. At the same time, clodronate failed to kill bona fide SCs generated in vitro by genotoxic stress. Old mice with elevated proportion of p16(Ink4a)/β-gal(pH6)-positive cells in their tissues demonstrated reduction of both following systemic clodronate treatment, indicating that a significant proportion of cells previously considered to be SCs are actually a subclass of macrophages. These observations point at a significant role of p16(Ink4a)/β-gal(pH6)-positive macrophages in aging, which previously was attributed solely to SCs. They require re-interpretation of the mechanisms underlying rejuvenating effects following eradication of p16(Ink4a)/β-gal(pH6)-positive cells and reconsideration of potential cellular target for anti-aging treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vitaly Balan
- Everon Biosciences, Inc., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karina Balan
- Everon Biosciences, Inc., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Ilya Gitlin
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Katerina Leonova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | | | | | - Andrei V Gudkov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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48
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Zhao H, Yang M, Zhao B. Beclin 1 and LC3 as predictive biomarkers for metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:59058-59067. [PMID: 28938618 PMCID: PMC5601714 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved self-destructive process that disassembles dysfunctional or unnecessary cellular components. It plays an important role in cancer metastasis, which is of particular interest considering metastatic disease is the major cause of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) related mortality. Here, we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of autophagy-related protein Beclin 1 and Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) within surgical CRC specimens, first in a training cohort (205 patients), then in an inner validation cohort (160 patients) and an independent cohort (161 patients). The expressions of Beclin 1 and LC3 were lower in metastatic CRC compared with non-metastatic CRC. Furthermore, we developed an autophagy-based classifier for metastatic prediction. This classifier, including Beclin 1, LC3 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, resulted in 82.9% sensitivity and 89.8% specificity for metastatic detection in the training cohort. In the independent cohort, it achieved 77.9% sensitivity and 90.3% specificity in predicting the metastasis of CRC. These results suggested that low expression of Beclin 1 and LC3 contributed to a more aggressive cancer cell phenotype, and our autophagy-based classifier was a reliable tool for metastatic prediction in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhao
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Heilongjiang, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Maopeng Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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49
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Srdic-Rajic T, Santibañez JF, Kanjer K, Tisma-Miletic N, Cavic M, Galun D, Jevric M, Kardum N, Konic-Ristic A, Zoranovic T. Iscador Qu inhibits doxorubicin-induced senescence of MCF7 cells. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28630419 PMCID: PMC5476621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy in patients with inoperable or advanced breast cancer inevitably results in low-dose exposure of tumor-cell subset and senescence. Metabolically active senescent cells secrete multiple tumor promoting factors making their elimination a therapeutic priority. Viscum album is one of the most widely used alternative anti-cancer medicines facilitating chemotherapy tolerance of breast cancer patients. The aim of this study was to model and investigate how Viscum album extracts execute additive anti-tumor activity with low-dose Dox using ER + MCF7 breast cancer cells. We report that cotreatment of MCF7 with Viscum album and Dox abrogates G2/M cycle arrest replacing senescence with intrinsic apoptotic program. Mechanistically, this switch was associated with down-regulation of p21, p53/p73 as well as Erk1/2 and p38 activation. Our findings, therefore, identify a novel mechanistic axis of additive antitumor activity of Viscum album and low dose-Dox. In conclusion, ER + breast cancer patients may benefit from addition of Viscum album to low-dose Dox chemotherapy due to suppression of cancer cell senescence and induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Srdic-Rajic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, National Cancer Research Center, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Juan F Santibañez
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Laboratorio de Bionanotecnologia, Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, General Gana 1780, 8370854, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ksenija Kanjer
- Department of Experimental Oncology, National Cancer Research Center, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Tisma-Miletic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, National Cancer Research Center, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Cavic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, National Cancer Research Center, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Daniel Galun
- University Clinic for Digestive Surgery, Clinical center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Jevric
- Department of Surgery, National Cancer Research Center, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Kardum
- Institute for Medical Research, Center of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Konic-Ristic
- Institute for Medical Research, Center of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Zoranovic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, National Cancer Research Center, Belgrade, Serbia. .,Max Plank Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin Area, Germany.
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50
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Graziano S, Gonzalo S. Mechanisms of oncogene-induced genomic instability. Biophys Chem 2016; 225:49-57. [PMID: 28073589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Activating mutations in oncogenes promote uncontrolled proliferation and malignant transformation. Approximately 30% of human cancers carry mutations in the RAS oncogene. Paradoxically, expression of mutant constitutively active Ras protein in primary human cells results in a premature proliferation arrest known as oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). This is more commonly observed in human pre-neoplasia than in neoplastic lesions, and is considered a tumor suppressor mechanism. Senescent cells are still metabolically active but in a status of cell cycle arrest characterized by specific morphological and physiological features that distinguish them from both proliferating cells, and cells growth-arrested by other means. Although the molecular mechanisms by which OIS is established are not totally understood, the current view is that OIS in human cells is tightly linked to persistent activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, as a consequence of replication stress. Here we will highlight recent advances in our understanding of molecular mechanisms leading to hyper-replication stress in response to oncogene activation, and of the crosstalk between replication stress and persistent activation of the DDR. We will also discuss new evidence for DNA repair deficiencies during OIS, which might increase the genomic instability that drives senescence bypass and malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Graziano
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Susana Gonzalo
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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