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Sharma V, Pal S, Sharma D, Shukla DK, Chaudhary RJ, Okram GS. Size-induced exchange bias in single-phase CoO nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:275702. [PMID: 38635294 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad3256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The tuning of exchange bias (EB) in nanoparticles has garnered significant attention due to its diverse range of applications. Here, we demonstrate EB in single-phase CoO nanoparticles, where two magnetic phases naturally emerge as the crystallite size decreases from 34.6 ± 0.8 to 10.8 ± 0.9 nm. The Néel temperature (TN) associated with antiferromagnetic ordering decreases monotonically with the reduction in crystallite size, highlighting the significant influence of size effects. The 34.6 nm nanoparticles exhibit magnetization irreversibility between zero-field cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) states belowTN. With further reduction in size this irreversibility appears well aboveTN, resulting in the absence of true paramagnetic regime which indicates the occurnace of an additional magnetic phase. The frequency-dependent ac-susceptibility in 10.8 nm nanoparticles suggests slow dynamics of disordered surface spins aboveTN, coinciding with the establishment of long-range order in the core. The thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) and iso-thermoremanent magnetization (IRM) curves suggest a core-shell structure: the core is antiferromagnetic, and the shell consists of disordered surface spins causing ferromagnetic interaction. Hence, the EB in these CoO nanoparticles results from the exchange coupling between an antiferromagnetic core and a disordered shell that exhibits unconventional surface spin characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Sharma
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research University campus, Khandwa road, Indore-452001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sudip Pal
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research University campus, Khandwa road, Indore-452001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Divya Sharma
- Govt. Girls PG College, Ujjain-456010, MP, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Shukla
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research University campus, Khandwa road, Indore-452001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Janay Chaudhary
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research University campus, Khandwa road, Indore-452001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Gunadhor Singh Okram
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research University campus, Khandwa road, Indore-452001, Madhya Pradesh, India
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2
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McKeever C, Aziz M. Effect of Multilayered Structure on the Static and Dynamic Properties of Magnetic Nanospheres. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:35177-35183. [PMID: 35879264 PMCID: PMC9354015 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of flexible and lightweight electromagnetic interference (EMI)-shielding materials and microwave absorbers requires precise control and optimization of core-shell constituents within composite materials. Here, a theoretical model is proposed to predict the static and dynamic properties of multilayered core-shell particles comprised of exchange-coupled layers, as in the case of a spherical iron core coupled to an oxide shell across a spacer layer. The theory of exchange resonance in homogeneous spheres is shown to be a limiting special case of this more general theory. Nucleation of magnetization reversal occurs through either quasi-uniform or curling magnetization processes in core-shell particles, where a purely homogeneous magnetization configuration is forbidden by the multilayered morphology. The energy is minimized through mixing of modes for specific interface conditions, leading to many inhomogeneous solutions, which grow as 2n with increasing layers, where n represents the number of magnetic layers. The analytical predictions are confirmed using numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor McKeever
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, United Kingdom
- MaxLLG,
Exeter Science Park, Exeter EX5 2FN, United Kingdom
| | - Mustafa Aziz
- Department
of Engineering, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, United Kingdom
- MaxLLG,
Exeter Science Park, Exeter EX5 2FN, United Kingdom
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3
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Wu C, Liu Z, Yuan Z, Wang Y, Xian G, Zhu Z, Xie N, Zhang H, Liu Y, Kong LB. Anchoring 1D nanochain-like Co 3O 4 on a 2D layered Ti 3C 2T x MXene with outstanding electromagnetic absorption. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02473j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
3D superstructure Ti3C2Tx/Co3O4 nanochain composites were synthesized through electrostatic self-assembly, in which 1D Co3O4 nanochains were anchored on a 2D layered Ti3C2Tx surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongmei Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, Anhui, China
| | - Ziqing Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
| | - Guiyang Xian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
| | - Zhaolin Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
| | - Nan Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
| | - Hanxin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
| | - Yin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
- Anhui International Joint Research Center for Nano Carbon-Based Materials and Environmental Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, Anhui, China
| | - Ling Bing Kong
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China
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4
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Pal S, Banerjee A. Finite size effect on the magnetic glass. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 34:035801. [PMID: 34607321 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac2ca8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The nature of glass formation and crystallization in structural glass is yet to be understood despite the intense studies of many decades. Analogous to the structural glasses, hindered first order magnetic transitions produce magnetic glasses, where the volume fraction of two phases having long range structural and magnetic order are frozen in time. Here, we have prepared Pr0.5Ca0.5Mn0.975Al0.025O3nanoparticles of different size as a case study and investigated the formation and stability of the magnetic glass state at the length scale of a few nanometers. We have observed a profound interplay between the glass state and sample size: stability of the glass state highly increases and scales linearly with decrease in the sample size. Smaller the particle size, slower is the crystallization rate. The crystallization occurs through both homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation and is controlled by the surface to volume ratio of the particles. Our results emphasize on an important fact that glass transition is not a phase transition in actual sense, rather it is a kinetic phenomena. The length scale associated with different nucleation processes is an important length scale and it controls the glass dynamics. Besides, apart from the intrinsic metastability due to magnetic glass, we also distinguish a secondary source of relaxation, which is dominant at low magnetic fields, predominantly arising due to surface spin disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Pal
- UGC DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, University Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore-452001, India
| | - A Banerjee
- UGC DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, University Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore-452001, India
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5
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Joshi DC, Nordblad P, Mathieu R. Random fields and apparent exchange bias in the dilute Ising antiferromagnet Fe 0.6Zn 0.4F 2. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14588. [PMID: 32884093 PMCID: PMC7471909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71533-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Random field induced spontaneous excess moments appear in field cooled single crystals of diluted Ising antiferromagnets. Here we report results from low temperature measurements of field cooled (including zero field) magnetic hysteresis loops parallel and perpendicular to the c-axis of a single crystal of composition Fe0.6Zn0.4F2. We find that weak static ferromagnetic excess moments attained on field cooling give rise to an apparent exchange bias of the magnetic hysteresis loops, whose magnitude is controlled by temperature and the strength and direction of the cooling field. Random field induced temporal excess moments only become observable in cooling fields larger than 1 T applied along the c-axis direction of the Fe0.6Zn0.4F2 single crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Joshi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - P Nordblad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Mathieu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03, Uppsala, Sweden
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6
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Pattanayak N, Bhattacharyya A, Chakravarty S, Bajpai A. Weak ferromagnetism and time-stable remanence in hematite: effect of shape, size and morphology. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:365802. [PMID: 31137018 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab251c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A number of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) driven canted antiferromagnets or weak ferromagnets (WFM) including hematite exhibit two distinct time scales in magnetization relaxation measurements, one of which is ultra-slow. This leads to the observation of a part of remanence that is time-stable in character. In this work, our endeavor is to optimize the magnitude of this time-stable remanence for the hematite, a room temperature WFM, as a function of shape size and morphology. A substantial enhancement in the magnitude of this unique remanence is observed in porous hematite, consisting of ultra-small nano particles, as compared to crystallites grown in regular morphology, such as cuboids or hexagonal plates. This time-stable remanence exhibits a peak-like pattern with magnetic field, which is significantly sharper in porous sample. Experimental data suggest that the extent and the magnitude of the spin canting associated with the WFM phase can be best gauged by the presence of this remanence and its unusual magnetic field dependence. Temperature variation of lattice parameters bring out correlations between strain effects that alter the bond length and bond angle associated with primary super exchange paths, which in-turn systematically alter the magnitude of the time-stable remanence. This study provides insights regarding a long standing problems of anomalies in the magnitude of magnetization on repeated cooling in case of hematite. Our data caps on these anomalies, which we argue, arise due to spontaneous spin canting associated with WFM phase. Our results also elucidate on why thermal cycling protocols during bulk magnetization measurements are even more crucial for hematite which exhibits both canted as well as pure antiferromgnetic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Pattanayak
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
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7
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Xue K, He F, Zhang J, Tang L, Chen X, Mao Z. Nonequilibrium magnetic properties in oxygen-rich LaMnO 3 nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:355801. [PMID: 31108469 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab22e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nonequilibrium magnetic properties of oxygen-rich LaMnO3.21 nanoparticles have been investigated by comprehensive magnetic measurements. The composition falls in the metamagnetic canted spin region of the magnetic phase diagram. However, the zero-field-cooling memory effect and frequency-dependent AC susceptibility reveal a re-entrant glassy state at low temperature. In contrast to the super-spin glass or cluster glass that re-enter from the high-temperature ferromagnetic state in previous studies, analyses based on the power law and Vogel-Fulcher law indicate strongly a conventional spin glass nature. As the magnetic field increases, an anomalous enhancement of the irreversible temperature is observed, suggesting a field-induced nonequilibrium magnetic state. These results can be understood by considering the interaction between the antiferromagnetic clusters and the metamagnetic canted-spin matrix inside the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Xue
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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8
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Singh P, Shukla M, Upadhyay C. Signatures of consolidated superparamagnetic and spin-glass behavior in magnetite-silver core-shell nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:22583-22592. [PMID: 30480700 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08401g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A detailed investigation of magnetization relaxation for silver-coated magnetite nanostructures with three different types of magnetic behavior in a single particle is presented. Magnetite nanoparticles of diameter ∼6.5 nm synthesized via single-phase emulsion were further coated with a silver shell of thickness ∼2 nm. The synthesized nanoparticles are found to be efficiently photoluminescent. The coating of silver generates a magnetically disordered spin layer at the interface of the magnetic core and the non-magnetic shell. This intermediate layer plays a significant role in the dynamical magnetic response of nanoparticles under an external magnetic field. We present detailed magnetic measurements such as field- and temperature-dependent dc magnetization with zero-field-cooled and field-cooled protocols, ac susceptibility and time decay of magnetization relaxation along with their analysis using various formalisms viz. Néel-Arrhenius, Vogel-Fulcher and power law models. The relaxation analysis suggests the consolidated presence of two characteristic relaxation times corresponding to the superparamagnetic and spin-glass behavior of silver-coated magnetite nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinki Singh
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India-221005.
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9
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Sarkar S, Mondal A, Giri N, Ray R. Spin glass like transition and the exchange bias effect in Co 3O 4 nanoparticles anchored onto graphene sheets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 21:260-267. [PMID: 30519700 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06659k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized Co3O4 nanoparticles having 40 nm average size, which are anchored on reduced graphene oxide. X-ray diffraction, FESEM, TEM and Raman spectroscopy are performed for the characterization. The temperature dependence of field cooled (FC) and zero field cooled (ZFC) magnetization curves exhibits antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition around ∼30 K, as observed for bulk Co3O4. The exchange bias effect is observed below ∼30 K. A significant change in the exchange bias effect is noted around ∼8 K, which is close to a spin-glass-like transition. The spin-glass-like phase has been confirmed by the memory effects observed by different experimental protocols. The possible origin of exchange bias is discussed in the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sarkar
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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10
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Coral DF, Soto PA, Blank V, Veiga A, Spinelli E, Gonzalez S, Saracco GP, Bab MA, Muraca D, Setton-Avruj PC, Roig A, Roguin L, Fernández van Raap MB. Nanoclusters of crystallographically aligned nanoparticles for magnetic thermotherapy: aqueous ferrofluid, agarose phantoms and ex vivo melanoma tumour assessment. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:21262-21274. [PMID: 30418464 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07453d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic hyperthermia is an oncological therapy where magnetic nanostructures, under a radiofrequency field, act as heat transducers increasing tumour temperature and killing cancerous cells. Nanostructure heating efficiency depends both on the field conditions and on the nanostructure properties and mobility inside the tumour. Such nanostructures are often incorrectly bench-marketed in the colloidal state and using field settings far off from the recommended therapeutic values. Here, we prepared nanoclusters composed of iron oxide magnetite nanoparticles crystallographically aligned and their specific absorption rate (SAR) values were calorimetrically determined in physiological fluids, agarose-gel-phantoms and ex vivo tumours extracted from mice challenged with B16-F0 melanoma cells. A portable, multipurpose applicator using medical field settings; 100 kHz and 9.3 kA m-1, was developed and the results were fully analysed in terms of nanoclusters' structural and magnetic properties. A careful evaluation of the nanoclusters' heating capacity in the three milieus clearly indicates that the SAR values of fluid suspensions or agarose-gel-phantoms are not adequate to predict the real tissue temperature increase or the dosage needed to heat a tumour. Our results show that besides nanostructure mobility, perfusion and local thermoregulation, the nanostructure distribution inside the tumour plays a key role in effective heating. A suppression of the magnetic material effective heating efficiency appears in tumour tissue. In fact, dosage had to be increased considerably, from the SAR values predicted from fluid or agarose, to achieve the desired temperature increase. These results represent an important contribution towards the design of more efficient nanostructures and towards the clinical translation of hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Coral
- Instituto de Física de La Plata (IFLP - CONICET), Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), c.c. 67, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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11
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Li W, Wang Y, Cui XY, Yu S, Li Y, Hu Y, Zhu M, Zheng R, Ringer SP. Crystal Facet Effects on Nanomagnetism of Co 3O 4. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:19235-19247. [PMID: 29706073 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic performance of nanomaterials depends on size, shape, and surface of the nanocrystals. Here, the exposed crystal planes of Co3O4 nanocrystals were analyzed to research the dependence of magnetic properties on the configuration environment of the ions exposed on different surfaces. The Co3O4 nanocrystals with exposed (1 0 0), (1 1 0), (1 1 1), and (1 1 2) planes were synthesized using a hydrothermal method in the shapes of nanocube, nanorod, hexagonal nanoplatelet, and nanolaminar, respectively. Ferromagnetic performance was detected in the (1 0 0) and (1 1 1) plane-exposed samples. First-principles calculation results indicate that unlike the nonmagnetic nature in the bulk, the Co3+ ions exposed on or close to the surface possess sizable magnetic moments because of the variation of coordination numbers and lattice distortion, which is responsible for the ferromagnetic-like behavior. The (1 1 0)-exposed sample keeps the natural antiferromagnetic behavior of bulk Co3O4 because either the surface Co3+ ions have no magnetic moments or their moments are in antiferromagnetic coupling. The (1 1 2)-exposed sample also displays antiferromagnetism because the interaction distances between the magnetized Co3+ ions are too long to form effective ferromagnetic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Li
- Institute of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai University , 149 Yanchang Road , Shanghai 200072 , China
- Institute for Sustainable Energy , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai University , 149 Yanchang Road , Shanghai 200072 , China
| | | | - Shangjia Yu
- Institute of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai University , 149 Yanchang Road , Shanghai 200072 , China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai University , 149 Yanchang Road , Shanghai 200072 , China
- Institute for Sustainable Energy , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Yemin Hu
- Institute of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai University , 149 Yanchang Road , Shanghai 200072 , China
| | - Mingyuan Zhu
- Institute of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai University , 149 Yanchang Road , Shanghai 200072 , China
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12
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Low-Temperature Lattice Effects in the Spin-Liquid Candidate κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu2(CN)3. CRYSTALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst8020087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Effect of Fluoride on the Morphology and Electrochemical Property of Co₃O₄ Nanostructures for Hydrazine Detection. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11020207. [PMID: 29382161 PMCID: PMC5848904 DOI: 10.3390/ma11020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we systematically investigated the influence of fluoride on the morphology and electrochemical property of Co3O4 nanostructures for hydrazine detection. The results showed that with the introduction of NH4F during the synthesis process of Co3O4, both Co(CO3)0.5(OH)·0.11H2O and Co(OH)F precursors would be generated. To understand the influence of F on the morphology and electrochemical property of Co3O4, three Co3O4 nanostructures that were respectively obtained from bare Co(CO3)0.5(OH)·0.11H2O, Co(OH)F and Co(CO3)0.5(OH)·0.11H2O mixtures and bare Co(OH)F were successfully synthesized. The electrochemical tests revealed the sensing performance of prepared Co3O4 nanostructures decreased with the increase in the fluoride contents of precursors. The more that dosages of NH4F were used, the higher crystallinity and smaller specific surface area of Co3O4 was gained. Among these three Co3O4 nanostructures, the Co3O4 that was obtained from bare Co(CO3)0.5(OH)·0.11H2O-based hydrazine sensor displayed the best performances, which exhibited a great sensitivity (32.42 μA·mM−1), a low detection limit (9.7 μΜ), and a wide linear range (0.010–2.380 mM), together with good selectivity, great reproducibility and longtime stability. To the best of our knowledge, it was revealed for the first time that the sensing performance of prepared Co3O4 nanostructures decreased with the increase in fluoride contents of precursors.
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14
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Fan J, Menéndez E, Guerrero M, Quintana A, Weschke E, Pellicer E, Sort J. Unraveling the Origin of Magnetism in Mesoporous Cu-Doped SnO₂ Magnetic Semiconductors. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7110348. [PMID: 29068367 PMCID: PMC5707565 DOI: 10.3390/nano7110348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The origin of magnetism in wide-gap semiconductors doped with non-ferromagnetic 3d transition metals still remains intriguing. In this article, insights in the magnetic properties of ordered mesoporous Cu-doped SnO2 powders, prepared by hard-templating, have been unraveled. Whereas, both oxygen vacancies and Fe-based impurity phases could be a plausible explanation for the observed room temperature ferromagnetism, the low temperature magnetism is mainly and unambiguously arising from the nanoscale nature of the formed antiferromagnetic CuO, which results in a net magnetization that is reminiscent of ferromagnetic behavior. This is ascribed to uncompensated spins and shape-mediated spin canting effects. The reduced blocking temperature, which resides between 30 and 5 K, and traces of vertical shifts in the hysteresis loops confirm size effects in CuO. The mesoporous nature of the system with a large surface-to-volume ratio likely promotes the occurrence of uncompensated spins, spin canting, and spin frustration, offering new prospects in the use of magnetic semiconductors for energy-efficient spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Fan
- Departament de Física, UniversitatAutònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Enric Menéndez
- Departament de Física, UniversitatAutònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Miguel Guerrero
- Departament de Física, UniversitatAutònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Alberto Quintana
- Departament de Física, UniversitatAutònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Eugen Weschke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Eva Pellicer
- Departament de Física, UniversitatAutònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Jordi Sort
- Departament de Física, UniversitatAutònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Immobilization of Euphorbia tirucalli peroxidase onto chitosan-cobalt oxide magnetic nanoparticles and optimization using response surface methodology. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:384-395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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16
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Khmelinskii I, Makarov V. Temperature dependence of the spin relaxation time of Fe 3 O 4 and hemozoin superparamagnetic nanocrystals. Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Yang X, Zhou B, Wei Y, Zou B. Solution synthesis of conveyor-like MnSe nanostructured architectures with an unusual core/shell magnetic structure. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00491e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Fu Z, Xiao Y, Feoktystov A, Pipich V, Appavou MS, Su Y, Feng E, Jin W, Brückel T. Field-induced self-assembly of iron oxide nanoparticles investigated using small-angle neutron scattering. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:18541-18550. [PMID: 27782247 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06275j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic-field-induced assembly of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) provides a unique and flexible strategy in the design and fabrication of functional nanostructures and devices. We have investigated the field-induced self-assembly of core-shell iron oxide NPs dispersed in toluene by means of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The form factor of the core-shell NPs was characterized and analyzed using SANS with polarized neutrons. Large-scale aggregates of iron oxide NPs formed above 0.02 T as indicated by very-small-angle neutron scattering measurements. A three-dimensional long-range ordered superlattice of iron oxide NPs was revealed under the application of a moderate magnetic field. The crystal structure of the superlattice has been identified to be face-centred cubic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Fu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Yinguo Xiao
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science and Peter Grünberg Institut, JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Artem Feoktystov
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Vitaliy Pipich
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Marie-Sousai Appavou
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Yixi Su
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Erxi Feng
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Wentao Jin
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Thomas Brückel
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science and Peter Grünberg Institut, JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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19
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Gómez‐Aguirre LC, Castro‐García S, Sánchez‐Andújar M, Yáñez‐Vilar S, Mira J, Bermúdez‐García JM, Centeno TA, Señarís‐Rodríguez MA. A Facile Synthesis of Co3O4 Hollow Microtubes by Decomposition of a Cobalt Metal–Organic Framework. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Claudia Gómez‐Aguirre
- QuiMolMat Group CICA Department of Fundamental Chemistry Faculty of Sciences University of A Coruña Campus A Coruña 15071 A Coruña Spain
| | - Socorro Castro‐García
- QuiMolMat Group CICA Department of Fundamental Chemistry Faculty of Sciences University of A Coruña Campus A Coruña 15071 A Coruña Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez‐Andújar
- QuiMolMat Group CICA Department of Fundamental Chemistry Faculty of Sciences University of A Coruña Campus A Coruña 15071 A Coruña Spain
| | - Susana Yáñez‐Vilar
- QuiMolMat Group CICA Department of Fundamental Chemistry Faculty of Sciences University of A Coruña Campus A Coruña 15071 A Coruña Spain
| | - Jorge Mira
- Department of Applied Physics University of Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Bermúdez‐García
- QuiMolMat Group CICA Department of Fundamental Chemistry Faculty of Sciences University of A Coruña Campus A Coruña 15071 A Coruña Spain
| | - Teresa A. Centeno
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón (INCAR‐CSIC) Apartado 73 33080 Oviedo Spain
| | - María Antonia Señarís‐Rodríguez
- QuiMolMat Group CICA Department of Fundamental Chemistry Faculty of Sciences University of A Coruña Campus A Coruña 15071 A Coruña Spain
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20
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Ji JY, Shih PH, Chan TS, Ma YR, Wu SY. Magnetic Properties of Cluster Glassy Ni/NiO Core-Shell Nanoparticles: an Investigation of Their Static and Dynamic Magnetization. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:925. [PMID: 26055474 PMCID: PMC4452478 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-0925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We review the phenomenology of the exchange bias and its related effects in core-shell nanocrystals. The static and dynamic properties of the magnetization for ferromagnetic Ni-core and antiferromagnetic NiO-shell cluster glassy nanoparticles are examined, along with the pinning-depinning process, through the measurement of the conventional exchange bias, and associated with different cooling fields and particle sizes. Two significant indexes for the dipolar interaction n and multi-anisotropic barrier β derived from the dynamic magnetization are proposed, which provide a unified picture of the exchange bias mechanism and insight into the influence of the cooling field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhong-Yi Ji
- />Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401 Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Shih
- />Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401 Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shan Chan
- />National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076 Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ron Ma
- />Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401 Taiwan
| | - Sheng Yun Wu
- />Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401 Taiwan
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21
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Li W, Cui X, Zeng R, Du G, Sun Z, Zheng R, Ringer SP, Dou SX. Performance modulation of α-MnO₂ nanowires by crystal facet engineering. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8987. [PMID: 25758232 PMCID: PMC4355743 DOI: 10.1038/srep08987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of material physical and chemical properties through selective surface engineering is currently one of the most active research fields, aimed at optimizing functional performance for applications. The activity of exposed crystal planes determines the catalytic, sensory, photocatalytic, and electrochemical behavior of a material. In the research on nanomagnets, it opens up new perspectives in the fields of nanoelectronics, spintronics, and quantum computation. Herein, we demonstrate controllable magnetic modulation of α-MnO2 nanowires, which displayed surface ferromagnetism or antiferromagnetism, depending on the exposed plane. First-principles density functional theory calculations confirm that both Mn- and O-terminated α-MnO2 (1 1 0) surfaces exhibit ferromagnetic ordering. The investigation of surface-controlled magnetic particles will lead to significant progress in our fundamental understanding of functional aspects of magnetism on the nanoscale, facilitating rational design of nanomagnets. Moreover, we approved that the facet engineering pave the way on designing semiconductors possessing unique properties for novel energy applications, owing to that the bandgap and the electronic transport of the semiconductor can be tailored via exposed surface modulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Li
- 1] Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia [2] School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, PR China [3] Solar Energy Technologies, School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Xiangyuan Cui
- 1] Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia [2] School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rong Zeng
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Guodong Du
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Ziqi Sun
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Rongkun Zheng
- 1] Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia [2] School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Simon P Ringer
- 1] Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia [2] School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Shi Xue Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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22
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Li ZA, Fontaíña-Troitiño N, Kovács A, Liébana-Viñas S, Spasova M, Dunin-Borkowski RE, Müller M, Doennig D, Pentcheva R, Farle M, Salgueiriño V. Electrostatic doping as a source for robust ferromagnetism at the interface between antiferromagnetic cobalt oxides. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7997. [PMID: 25613569 PMCID: PMC4303864 DOI: 10.1038/srep07997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Polar oxide interfaces are an important focus of research due to their novel functionality which is not available in the bulk constituents. So far, research has focused mainly on heterointerfaces derived from the perovskite structure. It is important to extend our understanding of electronic reconstruction phenomena to a broader class of materials and structure types. Here we report from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and quantitative magnetometry a robust – above room temperature (Curie temperature TC ≫ 300 K) – environmentally stable- ferromagnetically coupled interface layer between the antiferromagnetic rocksalt CoO core and a 2–4 nm thick antiferromagnetic spinel Co3O4 surface layer in octahedron-shaped nanocrystals. Density functional theory calculations with an on-site Coulomb repulsion parameter identify the origin of the experimentally observed ferromagnetic phase as a charge transfer process (partial reduction) of Co3+ to Co2+ at the CoO/Co3O4 interface, with Co2+ being in the low spin state, unlike the high spin state of its counterpart in CoO. This finding may serve as a guideline for designing new functional nanomagnets based on oxidation resistant antiferromagnetic transition metal oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-An Li
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen 48047, Duisburg (Germany)
| | | | - A Kovács
- Ernst Ruska-Centre and Peter Grünberg Institute, Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, (Germany)
| | - S Liébana-Viñas
- 1] Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen 48047, Duisburg (Germany) [2] Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidade de Vigo 36310, Vigo (Spain)
| | - M Spasova
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen 48047, Duisburg (Germany)
| | - R E Dunin-Borkowski
- Ernst Ruska-Centre and Peter Grünberg Institute, Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, (Germany)
| | - M Müller
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Section Crystallography, LMU Munich, Theresienstr. 41, 80333 Munich (Germany)
| | - D Doennig
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Section Crystallography, LMU Munich, Theresienstr. 41, 80333 Munich (Germany)
| | - R Pentcheva
- 1] Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen 48047, Duisburg (Germany) [2] Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Section Crystallography, LMU Munich, Theresienstr. 41, 80333 Munich (Germany)
| | - M Farle
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen 48047, Duisburg (Germany)
| | - V Salgueiriño
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidade de Vigo 36310, Vigo (Spain)
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23
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Yang Z, Zhang J, Gao D, Zhu Z, Yang G, Xue D. Unexpected surface superparamagnetism in antiferromagnetic Cr2O3 nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04009d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an unexpected superparamagnetic behavior of antiferromagnetic Cr2O3 nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MOE
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MOE
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Daqiang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MOE
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Zhonghua Zhu
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- P. R. China
| | - Guijin Yang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou 730070
- P. R. China
| | - Desheng Xue
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MOE
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
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24
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Chowdhury M, Oputu O, Kebede M, Cummings F, Cespedes O, Maelsand A, Fester V. Rapid and large-scale synthesis of Co3O4 octahedron particles with very high catalytic activity, good supercapacitance and unique magnetic properties. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20763k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Octahedron Co3O4 particles with very high catalytic activity, good supercapacitance, and unique magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahabubur Chowdhury
- Flow Process and Rheology Centre
- Faculty of Engineering
- Cape Peninsula University of Technology
- Cape Town-8000
- South Africa
| | - Oghenochuko Oputu
- Flow Process and Rheology Centre
- Faculty of Engineering
- Cape Peninsula University of Technology
- Cape Town-8000
- South Africa
| | - Mesfin Kebede
- Energy Materials
- Materials Science and Manufacturing
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Pretoria-0001
- South Africa
| | - Franscious Cummings
- Electron Microscopy Unit
- Department of Physics
- University of the Western Cape
- Bellville-7535
- South Africa
| | - Oscar Cespedes
- School of Physics & Astronomy
- University of Leeds
- Leeds LS2 9JT
- UK
| | - Aliwa Maelsand
- Flow Process and Rheology Centre
- Faculty of Engineering
- Cape Peninsula University of Technology
- Cape Town-8000
- South Africa
| | - Veruscha Fester
- Flow Process and Rheology Centre
- Faculty of Engineering
- Cape Peninsula University of Technology
- Cape Town-8000
- South Africa
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25
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Li W, Zeng R, Sun Z, Tian D, Dou S. Uncoupled surface spin induced exchange bias in α-MnO2 nanowires. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6641. [PMID: 25319531 PMCID: PMC4198866 DOI: 10.1038/srep06641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the microstructure, surface states, valence fluctuations, magnetic properties, and exchange bias effect in MnO2 nanowires. High purity α-MnO2 rectangular nanowires were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method with microwave-assisted procedures. The microstructure analysis indicates that the nanowires grow in the [0 0 1] direction with the (2 1 0) plane as the surface. Mn(3+) and Mn(2+) ions are not found in the system by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The effective magnetic moment of the manganese ions fits in with the theoretical and experimental values of Mn(4+) very well. The uncoupled spins in 3d(3) orbitals of the Mn(4+) ions in MnO6 octahedra on the rough surface are responsible for the net magnetic moment. Spin glass behavior is observed through magnetic measurements. Furthermore, the exchange bias effect is observed for the first time in pure α-MnO2 phase due to the coupling of the surface spin glass with the antiferromagnetic α-MnO2 matrix. These α-MnO2 nanowires, with a spin-glass-like behavior and with an exchange bias effect excited by the uncoupled surface spins, should therefore inspire further study concerning the origin, theory, and applicability of surface structure induced magnetism in nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Li
- 1] School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, PR China [2] Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Rong Zeng
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Ziqi Sun
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Dongliang Tian
- 1] Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia [2] Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shixue Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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26
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Deng X, Tüysüz H. Cobalt-Oxide-Based Materials as Water Oxidation Catalyst: Recent Progress and Challenges. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs500713d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Deng
- Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Harun Tüysüz
- Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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27
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Herlitschke M, Tchougréeff AL, Soudackov AV, Klobes B, Stork L, Dronskowski R, Hermann RP. Magnetism and lattice dynamics of FeNCN compared to FeO. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00097h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Mössbauer spectra of FeNCN at 6 and 296 K reveal that, in contrast to the usual behaviour, the hyperfine magnetic field is reduced upon cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Herlitschke
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS and Peter Grünberg Institute PGI
- JARA-FIT
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- D-52425 Jülich, Germany
- Faculté des Sciences
| | - A. L. Tchougréeff
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- D-52056 Aachen, Germany
- Independent University of Moscow
- Moscow Center for Continuous Mathematical Education
| | - A. V. Soudackov
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana, USA
| | - B. Klobes
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS and Peter Grünberg Institute PGI
- JARA-FIT
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - L. Stork
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - R. Dronskowski
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - R. P. Hermann
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS and Peter Grünberg Institute PGI
- JARA-FIT
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- D-52425 Jülich, Germany
- Faculté des Sciences
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28
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Yang Z, Gao D, Tao K, Zhang J, Shi Z, Xu Q, Shi S, Xue D. A series of unexpected ferromagnetic behaviors based on the surface-vacancy state: an insight into NiO nanoparticles with a core–shell structure. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06472k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose that the observed anomalous ferromagnetic behavior of NiO nanoparticles is due to the formation of a ferromagnetic particle shell that is oxygen-vacancy related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MOE
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Daqiang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MOE
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Kun Tao
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MOE
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MOE
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Shi
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MOE
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MOE
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Shoupeng Shi
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MOE
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Desheng Xue
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MOE
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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29
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30
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Xu S, Ma Y, Xu Y, Sun X, Geng B, Zheng G, Dai Z. The effects of surface spin on magnetic properties of weak magnetic ZnLa0.02Fe1.98O4 nanoparticles. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:545. [PMID: 25294976 PMCID: PMC4186921 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to prominently investigate the effects of the surface spin on the magnetic properties, the weak magnetic ZnLa0.02Fe1.98O4 nanoparticles were chosen as studying objects which benefit to reduce as possibly the effects of interparticle dipolar interaction and crystalline anisotropy energies. By annealing the undiluted and diluted ZnLa0.02Fe1.98O4 nanoparticles at different temperatures, we observed the rich variations of magnetic ordering states (superparamagnetism, weak ferromagnetism, and paramagnetism). The magnetic properties can be well understood by considering the effects of the surface spin of the magnetic nanoparticles. Our results indicate that in the nano-sized magnets with weak magnetism, the surface spin plays a crucial rule in the magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Xu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, People’s Republic of China
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Ma
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanfeng Xu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingqian Geng
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ganhong Zheng
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenxiang Dai
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, People’s Republic of China
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31
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Dolgin B, Puzniak R, Mogilyansky D, Wisniewski A, Markovich V, Jung G. Magnetic dynamic properties of electron-doped La(0.23)Ca(0.77)MnO3 nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:076004. [PMID: 23339833 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/7/076004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic properties of basically antiferromagnetic La(0.23)Ca(0.77)MnO(3) particles with average sizes of 12 and 60 nm have been investigated in a wide range of magnetic fields and temperature. Particular attention has been paid to magnetization dynamics through measurements of the temperature dependence of ac-susceptibility at various frequencies, the temperature and field dependence of thermoremanent and isothermoremanent magnetization originating from nanoparticles shells, and the time decay of the remanent magnetization. Experimental results and their analysis reveal the major role in magnetic behaviour of investigated antiferromagnetic nanoparticles played by the glassy component, associated mainly with the formation of the collective state formed by ferromagnetic clusters in frustrated coordination at the surfaces of interacting antiferromagnetic nanoparticles. Magnetic behaviour of nanoparticles has been ascribed to a core-shell scenario. Magnetic transitions have been found to play an important role in determining the dynamic properties of the phase separated state of coexisting different magnetic phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dolgin
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
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32
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Jing R, Shan A, Wang R, Chen C. Phase formations, magnetic and catalytic properties of Co3O4 hexagonal micro-boxes with one-dimensional nanotubes. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce26799g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tüysüz H, Weidenthaler C, Grewe T, Salabaş EL, Benitez Romero MJ, Schüth F. A Crystal Structure Analysis and Magnetic Investigation on Highly Ordered Mesoporous Cr2O3. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:11745-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ic301671a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harun Tüysüz
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz
1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Claudia Weidenthaler
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz
1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Tobias Grewe
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz
1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Elena Lorena Salabaş
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz
1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Maria. J. Benitez Romero
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz
1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Ferdi Schüth
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz
1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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34
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Ma MX, Chen WM, Guo L, Li JH, Chen CP, Yang SH. Magnetic Co3O4 nanowires, preparation and properties. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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35
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Tüysüz H, Weidenthaler C, Schüth F. A Strategy for the Synthesis of Mesostructured Metal Oxides with Lower Oxidation States. Chemistry 2012; 18:5080-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harun Tüysüz
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser‐Wilhelm‐Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr (Germany)
| | - Claudia Weidenthaler
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser‐Wilhelm‐Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr (Germany)
| | - Ferdi Schüth
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser‐Wilhelm‐Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr (Germany)
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36
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Wang X, Tian W, Zhai T, Zhi C, Bando Y, Golberg D. Cobalt(ii,iii) oxide hollow structures: fabrication, properties and applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm33940d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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37
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Tian L, Huang K, Liu Y, Liu S. Topotactic synthesis of Co3O4 nanoboxes from Co(OH)2 nanoflakes. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2011.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Dong S, Yao Y, Hou Y, Liu Y, Tang Y, Li X. Dynamic properties of spin cluster glass and the exchange bias effect in BiFeO3 nanocrystals. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:385701. [PMID: 21865629 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/38/385701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A spin cluster glass behavior and a complicated exchange bias effect are observed in high quality BiFeO(3) nanocrystals grown by a hydrothermal method. The dynamic properties of the spin clusters investigated by measuring the frequency dependences of ac susceptibility show that the relaxation process can be described using a power law with the glass transition temperature T(g) = 57 K, relaxation time constant τ(0) = 4.4 × 10(-10) s, and critical exponent zv = 10.3 ± 1.9, consistent with a three-dimensional Ising spin glass. The exchange bias field (H(EB)) varies non-monotonically with temperature and achieves a minimum at T(g). The abnormal shift of hysteresis loops above T(g) may be interpreted in terms of a Malozemoff's random-field model with a framework of antiferromagnetic core/spin-cluster shell structure and a two-dimensional diluted antiferromagnet in a field (2D-DAFF) model, respectively. The exchange anisotropy of the BiFeO(3) nanocrystals will shed light on a possible application for magnetism related nanosized devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sining Dong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, People's Republic of China
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39
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Das S, Majumdar S, Giri S. Multifunctional properties of CoNi alloy embedded in the SiO2 host: Role of interparticle interaction. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2011.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Benitez MJ, Mishra D, Szary P, Badini Confalonieri GA, Feyen M, Lu AH, Agudo L, Eggeler G, Petracic O, Zabel H. Structural and magnetic characterization of self-assembled iron oxide nanoparticle arrays. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2011; 23:126003. [PMID: 21378441 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/12/126003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report about a combined structural and magnetometric characterization of self-assembled magnetic nanoparticle arrays. Monodisperse iron oxide nanoparticles with a diameter of 20 nm were synthesized by thermal decomposition. The nanoparticle suspension was spin-coated on Si substrates to achieve self-organized arrays of particles and subsequently annealed at various conditions. The samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction, and bright and dark field high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The structural analysis is compared to magnetization measurements obtained by superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. We can identify either multi-phase Fe(x)O/γ-Fe(2)O(3) or multi-phase Fe(x)O/Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles. The Fe(x)O/γ-Fe(2)O(3) system shows a pronounced exchange bias effect which explains the peculiar magnetization data found for this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Benitez
- Institut für Experimentalphysik/Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
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41
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Giri S, Patra M, Majumdar S. Exchange bias effect in alloys and compounds. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2011; 23:073201. [PMID: 21411878 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/7/073201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenology of exchange bias effects observed in structurally single-phase alloys and compounds but composed of a variety of coexisting magnetic phases such as ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic, spin-glass, cluster-glass and disordered magnetic states are reviewed. The investigations on exchange bias effects are discussed in diverse types of alloys and compounds where qualitative and quantitative aspects of magnetism are focused based on macroscopic experimental tools such as magnetization and magnetoresistance measurements. Here, we focus on improvement of fundamental issues of the exchange bias effects rather than on their technological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Giri
- Department of Solid State Physics, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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42
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Sun Y, Lv P, Yang JY, He L, Nie JC, Liu X, Li Y. Ultrathin Co3O4 nanowires with high catalytic oxidation of CO. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:11279-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14484g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Chen W, Zhou W, He L, Chen C, Guo L. Surface magnetic states of Ni nanochains modified by using different organic surfactants. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:126003. [PMID: 21389501 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/12/126003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Three powder samples of Ni nanochains formed of polycrystalline Ni nanoparticles with an estimated diameter of about 30 nm have been synthesized by a wet chemical method using different organic surfactants. These samples, having magnetically/structurally core-shell structures, all with a ferromagnetic Ni core, are Ni@Ni(3)C nanochains, Ni@Ni(SG) nanochains with a spin glass (SG) surface layer, and Ni@Ni(NM) nanochains with a nonmagnetic (NM) surface layer. The average thickness of the shell for these three samples is determined as about 2 nm. Magnetic properties tailored by the different surface magnetism are studied. In particular, suppression in the saturation magnetization, usually observed with magnetic nanoparticles, is revealed to arise from the surface magnetic states with the present samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimeng Chen
- Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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Bajpai A, Klingeler R, Wizent N, Nigam AK, Cheong SW, Büchner B. Unusual field dependence of remanent magnetization in granular CrO2: the possible relevance of piezomagnetism. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:096005. [PMID: 21389432 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/9/096005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present low field thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) measurements in granular CrO(2) and composites of ferromagnetic (FM) CrO(2) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) Cr(2)O(3). TRM in these samples is seen to display two distinct timescales. A quasi-static part of remanence, appearing only in the low field regime, exhibits a peculiar field dependence. TRM is seen to first rise and then fall with increasing cooling fields, eventually vanishing above a critical field. Similar features in TRM have previously been observed in some antiferromagnets that exhibit the phenomenon of piezomagnetism. Scaling analysis of the TRM data suggest that presumably piezomoments generated in the AFM component drive the FM magnetization dynamics in these granular systems in the low field regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bajpai
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
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45
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Sharma SK, Vargas JM, De Biasi E, Béron F, Knobel M, Pirota KR, Meneses CT, Kumar S, Lee CG, Pagliuso PG, Rettori C. The nature and enhancement of magnetic surface contribution in model NiO nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:035602. [PMID: 19966407 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/3/035602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report an alternative synthesis method and novel magnetic properties of Ni-oxide nanoparticles (NPs). The NPs were prepared by thermal decomposition of nickel phosphine complexes in a high-boiling-point organic solvent. These particles exhibit an interesting morphology constituted by a crystalline core and a broad disordered superficial shell. Our results suggest that the magnetic behavior is mainly dominated by strong surface effects at low temperature, which become evident through the observation of shifted hysteresis loops (approximately 2.2 kOe), coercivity enhancement (approximately 10.2 kOe) and high field irreversibility (>or=50 kOe). Both an exchange bias and a vertical shift in magnetization can be observed in this system below 35 K after field cooling. Additionally, the exchange bias field shows a linear dependence on the magnetization shift values, which elucidate the role of pinned spins on the exchange fields. The experimental data are analyzed in terms of the interplay between the interface exchange coupling and the antiferromagnetically ordered structure of the core.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Sharma
- Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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