1
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Wang Y, Su QP, Liu T, Zhang GQ, Feng W, Yu Y, Yang CP. Long-distance transmission of arbitrary quantum states between spatially separated microwave cavities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:4728-4744. [PMID: 38297667 DOI: 10.1364/oe.517001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Long-distance transmission between spatially separated microwave cavities is a crucial area of quantum information science and technology. In this work, we present a method for achieving long-distance transmission of arbitrary quantum states between two microwave cavities, by using a hybrid system that comprises two microwave cavities, two nitrogen-vacancy center ensembles (NV ensembles), two optical cavities, and an optical fiber. Each NV ensemble serves as a quantum transducer, dispersively coupling with a microwave cavity and an optical cavity, which enables the conversion of quantum states between a microwave cavity and an optical cavity. The optical fiber acts as a connector between the two optical cavities. Numerical simulations demonstrate that our method allows for the transfer of an arbitrary photonic qubit state between two spatially separated microwave cavities with high fidelity. Furthermore, the method exhibits robustness against environmental decay, parameter fluctuations, and additive white Gaussian noise. Our approach offers a promising way for achieving long-distance transmission of quantum states between two spatially separated microwave cavities, which may have practical applications in networked large-scale quantum information processing and quantum communication.
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2
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Ranjan V, Wen Y, Keyser AKV, Kubatkin SE, Danilov AV, Lindström T, Bertet P, de Graaf SE. Spin-Echo Silencing Using a Current-Biased Frequency-Tunable Resonator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:180504. [PMID: 36374697 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.180504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control microwave emission from a spin ensemble is a requirement of several quantum memory protocols. Here, we demonstrate such ability by using a resonator whose frequency can be rapidly tuned with a bias current. We store excitations in an ensemble of rare-earth ions and suppress on demand the echo emission ("echo silencing") by two methods: (1) detuning the resonator during the spin rephasing, and (2) subjecting spins to magnetic field gradients generated by the bias current itself. We also show that spin coherence is preserved during silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ranjan
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Y Wen
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A K V Keyser
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - S E Kubatkin
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Goteborg, Sweden
| | - A V Danilov
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Goteborg, Sweden
| | - T Lindström
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - P Bertet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - S E de Graaf
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
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3
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Li Y, Yefremenko VG, Lisovenko M, Trevillian C, Polakovic T, Cecil TW, Barry PS, Pearson J, Divan R, Tyberkevych V, Chang CL, Welp U, Kwok WK, Novosad V. Coherent Coupling of Two Remote Magnonic Resonators Mediated by Superconducting Circuits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:047701. [PMID: 35148146 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.047701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate microwave-mediated distant magnon-magnon coupling on a superconducting circuit platform, incorporating chip-mounted single-crystal Y_{3}Fe_{5}O_{12} (YIG) spheres. Coherent level repulsion and dissipative level attraction between the magnon modes of the two YIG spheres are demonstrated. The former is mediated by cavity photons of a superconducting resonator, and the latter is mediated by propagating photons of a coplanar waveguide. Our results open new avenues toward exploring integrated hybrid magnonic networks for coherent information processing on a quantum-compatible superconducting platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | | | - Marharyta Lisovenko
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Cody Trevillian
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, USA
| | - Tomas Polakovic
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Thomas W Cecil
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Peter S Barry
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - John Pearson
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Ralu Divan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Vasyl Tyberkevych
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, USA
| | - Clarence L Chang
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Ulrich Welp
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Wai-Kwong Kwok
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Valentine Novosad
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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4
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Ranjan V, O'Sullivan J, Albertinale E, Albanese B, Chanelière T, Schenkel T, Vion D, Esteve D, Flurin E, Morton JJL, Bertet P. Multimode Storage of Quantum Microwave Fields in Electron Spins over 100 ms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:210505. [PMID: 33274991 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.210505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report long coherence times (up to 300 ms) for near-surface bismuth donor electron spins in silicon coupled to a superconducting microresonator, biased at a clock transition. This enables us to demonstrate the partial absorption of a train of weak microwave fields in the spin ensemble, their storage for 100 ms, and their retrieval, using a Hahn-echo-like protocol. Phase coherence and quantum statistics are preserved in the storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ranjan
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - J O'Sullivan
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - E Albertinale
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - B Albanese
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - T Chanelière
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - T Schenkel
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Vion
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - D Esteve
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - E Flurin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - J J L Morton
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - P Bertet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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5
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Weichselbaumer S, Zens M, Zollitsch CW, Brandt MS, Rotter S, Gross R, Huebl H. Echo Trains in Pulsed Electron Spin Resonance of a Strongly Coupled Spin Ensemble. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:137701. [PMID: 33034465 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.137701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on a novel dynamical phenomenon in electron spin resonance experiments of phosphorus donors. When strongly coupling the paramagnetic ensemble to a superconducting lumped element resonator, the coherent exchange between these two subsystems leads to a train of periodic, self-stimulated echoes after a conventional Hahn echo pulse sequence. The presence of these multiecho signatures is explained using a simple model based on spins rotating on the Bloch sphere, backed up by numerical calculations using the inhomogeneous Tavis-Cummings Hamiltonian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Weichselbaumer
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias Zens
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/136, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Christoph W Zollitsch
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin S Brandt
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Walter Schottky Institut, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Stefan Rotter
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/136, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Gross
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Hans Huebl
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
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6
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Gimeno I, Kersten W, Pallarés MC, Hermosilla P, Martínez-Pérez MJ, Jenkins MD, Angerer A, Sánchez-Azqueta C, Zueco D, Majer J, Lostao A, Luis F. Enhanced Molecular Spin-Photon Coupling at Superconducting Nanoconstrictions. ACS NANO 2020; 14:8707-8715. [PMID: 32441922 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We combine top-down and bottom-up nanolithography to optimize the coupling of small molecular spin ensembles to 1.4 GHz on-chip superconducting resonators. Nanoscopic constrictions, fabricated with a focused ion beam at the central transmission line, locally concentrate the microwave magnetic field. Drops of free-radical molecules have been deposited from solution onto the circuits. For the smallest ones, the molecules were delivered at the relevant circuit areas by means of an atomic force microscope. The number of spins Neff effectively coupled to each device was accurately determined combining Scanning Electron and Atomic Force Microscopies. The collective spin-photon coupling constant has been determined for samples with Neff ranging between 2 × 106 and 1012 spins, and for temperatures down to 44 mK. The results show the well-known collective enhancement of the coupling proportional to the square root of Neff. The average coupling of individual spins is enhanced by more than 4 orders of magnitude (from 4 mHz up to above 180 Hz), when the transmission line width is reduced from 400 μm down to 42 nm, and reaches maximum values near 1 kHz for molecules located on the smallest nanoconstrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Gimeno
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Wenzel Kersten
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - María C Pallarés
- Laboratorio de Microscopı́as Avanzadas, Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Hermosilla
- Laboratorio de Microscopı́as Avanzadas, Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María José Martínez-Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, Av. de Ranillas 1-D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mark D Jenkins
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andreas Angerer
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - David Zueco
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, Av. de Ranillas 1-D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Johannes Majer
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anabel Lostao
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopı́as Avanzadas, Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, Av. de Ranillas 1-D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando Luis
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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7
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Shim J, Kim SJ, Kim SK, Lee KJ. Enhanced Magnon-Photon Coupling at the Angular Momentum Compensation Point of Ferrimagnets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:027205. [PMID: 32701310 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.027205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically show that the coupling between magnons in an antiferromagnetically coupled ferrimagnet and microwave photons in a cavity is largely enhanced at the angular momentum compensation point (T_{A}) when T_{A} is distinct from the magnetization compensation point. The origin of the enhanced magnon-photon coupling at T_{A} is identified as the antiferromagnetic spin dynamics combined with a finite magnetization. Moreover, we show that strong magnon-photon coupling can be achieved at high excitation frequency in a ferrimagnet, which is challenging to achieve for a ferromagnet due to low magnon frequency and for an antiferromagnet due to weak magnon-photon coupling. Our results will invigorate research on magnon-photon coupling by proposing ferrimagnets as a versatile platform that offers advantages of both ferromagnets and antiferromagnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaechul Shim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Hwaseong, Gyeonggi 18448, Korea
| | - Seok-Jong Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Se Kwon Kim
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Kyung-Jin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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8
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Li Y, Polakovic T, Wang YL, Xu J, Lendinez S, Zhang Z, Ding J, Khaire T, Saglam H, Divan R, Pearson J, Kwok WK, Xiao Z, Novosad V, Hoffmann A, Zhang W. Strong Coupling between Magnons and Microwave Photons in On-Chip Ferromagnet-Superconductor Thin-Film Devices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:107701. [PMID: 31573284 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.107701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate strong magnon-photon coupling of a thin-film Permalloy device fabricated on a coplanar superconducting resonator. A coupling strength of 0.152 GHz and a cooperativity of 68 are found for a 30-nm-thick Permalloy stripe. The coupling strength is tunable by rotating the biasing magnetic field or changing the volume of Permalloy. We also observe an enhancement of magnon-photon coupling in the nonlinear regime of the superconducting resonator, which is attributed to the nucleation of dynamic flux vortices. Our results demonstrate a critical step towards future integrated hybrid systems for quantum magnonics and on-chip coherent information transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, USA
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Tomas Polakovic
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yong-Lei Wang
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - Sergi Lendinez
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Zhizhi Zhang
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Junjia Ding
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Trupti Khaire
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Hilal Saglam
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago Illinois 60616, USA
| | - Ralu Divan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - John Pearson
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Wai-Kwong Kwok
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Zhili Xiao
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - Valentine Novosad
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Axel Hoffmann
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, USA
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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9
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Dhar HS, Zens M, Krimer DO, Rotter S. Variational Renormalization Group for Dissipative Spin-Cavity Systems: Periodic Pulses of Nonclassical Photons from Mesoscopic Spin Ensembles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:133601. [PMID: 30312066 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.133601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesoscopic spin ensembles coupled to a cavity offer the exciting prospect of observing complex nonclassical phenomena that pool the microscopic features from a few spins with those of macroscopic spin ensembles. Here, we demonstrate how the collective interactions in an ensemble of as many as a hundred spins can be harnessed to obtain a periodic pulse train of nonclassical light. To unravel the full quantum dynamics and photon statistics, we develop a time-adaptive variational renormalization group method that accurately captures the underlying Lindbladian dynamics of the mesoscopic spin-cavity system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Shekhar Dhar
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/136, 1040, Vienna, Austria, European Union
| | - Matthias Zens
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/136, 1040, Vienna, Austria, European Union
| | - Dmitry O Krimer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/136, 1040, Vienna, Austria, European Union
| | - Stefan Rotter
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/136, 1040, Vienna, Austria, European Union
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10
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Ortu A, Tiranov A, Welinski S, Fröwis F, Gisin N, Ferrier A, Goldner P, Afzelius M. Simultaneous coherence enhancement of optical and microwave transitions in solid-state electronic spins. NATURE MATERIALS 2018; 17:671-675. [PMID: 30042512 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state electronic spins are extensively studied in quantum information science, as their large magnetic moments offer fast operations for computing1 and communication2-4, and high sensitivity for sensing5. However, electronic spins are more sensitive to magnetic noise, but engineering of their spectroscopic properties, for example, using clock transitions and isotopic engineering, can yield remarkable spin coherence times, as for electronic spins in GaAs6, donors in silicon7-11 and vacancy centres in diamond12,13. Here we demonstrate simultaneously induced clock transitions for both microwave and optical domains in an isotopically purified 171Yb3+:Y2SiO5 crystal, reaching coherence times of greater than 100 μs and 1 ms in the optical and microwave domains, respectively. This effect is due to the highly anisotropic hyperfine interaction, which makes each electronic-nuclear state an entangled Bell state. Our results underline the potential of 171Yb3+:Y2SiO5 for quantum processing applications relying on both optical and spin manipulation, such as optical quantum memories4,14, microwave-to-optical quantum transducers15,16, and single-spin detection17, while they should also be observable in a range of different materials with anisotropic hyperfine interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ortu
- Groupe de Physique Appliquée, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Alexey Tiranov
- Groupe de Physique Appliquée, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Sacha Welinski
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, Paris, France
| | - Florian Fröwis
- Groupe de Physique Appliquée, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Gisin
- Groupe de Physique Appliquée, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Alban Ferrier
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, Paris, France
- Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Goldner
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mikael Afzelius
- Groupe de Physique Appliquée, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland.
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11
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Gil-Ramírez G, Shah A, El Mkami H, Porfyrakis K, Briggs GAD, Morton JJL, Anderson HL, Lovett JE. Distance Measurement of a Noncovalently Bound Y@C82 Pair with Double Electron Electron Resonance Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7420-7424. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guzmán Gil-Ramírez
- School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Lincoln LN6 7DL, United Kingdom
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Anokhi Shah
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Hassane El Mkami
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Kyriakos Porfyrakis
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - G. Andrew D. Briggs
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - John J. L. Morton
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, UCL, 17-19 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Janet E. Lovett
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
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12
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Chen J, Liu C, Liu T, Xiao Y, Xia K, Bauer GEW, Wu M, Yu H. Strong Interlayer Magnon-Magnon Coupling in Magnetic Metal-Insulator Hybrid Nanostructures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:217202. [PMID: 29883138 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.217202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We observe strong interlayer magnon-magnon coupling in an on-chip nanomagnonic device at room temperature. Ferromagnetic nanowire arrays are integrated on a 20-nm-thick yttrium iron garnet (YIG) thin film strip. Large anticrossing gaps up to 1.58 GHz are observed between the ferromagnetic resonance of the nanowires and the in-plane standing spin waves of the YIG film. Control experiments and simulations reveal that both the interlayer exchange coupling and the dynamical dipolar coupling contribute to the observed anticrossings. The coupling strength is tunable by the magnetic configuration, allowing the coherent control of magnonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilei Chen
- Fert Beijing Institute, BDBC, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road 37, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chuanpu Liu
- Fert Beijing Institute, BDBC, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road 37, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Ke Xia
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Gerrit E W Bauer
- Institute for Materials Research, WPI-AIMR and CSNR, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mingzhong Wu
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Haiming Yu
- Fert Beijing Institute, BDBC, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road 37, Beijing 100191, China
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13
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Zhang FY, Yang CP. Tunable coupling of spin ensembles. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:466-469. [PMID: 29400816 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.000466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Spin ensembles are promising candidates for quantum memory units because they have long coherence time. Controlling the coupling between spin ensembles is necessary and important in quantum information processing. In this Letter, we propose a method to realize tunable coupling between spin ensembles by a superconducting flux qubit acting as a coupler. The resulting coupling can be used to high-fidelity speed up the adiabatic transfer of quantum information.
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14
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Morton JJL, Bertet P. Storing quantum information in spins and high-sensitivity ESR. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 287:128-139. [PMID: 29413326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantum information, encoded within the states of quantum systems, represents a novel and rich form of information which has inspired new types of computers and communications systems. Many diverse electron spin systems have been studied with a view to storing quantum information, including molecular radicals, point defects and impurities in inorganic systems, and quantum dots in semiconductor devices. In these systems, spin coherence times can exceed seconds, single spins can be addressed through electrical and optical methods, and new spin systems with advantageous properties continue to be identified. Spin ensembles strongly coupled to microwave resonators can, in principle, be used to store the coherent states of single microwave photons, enabling so-called microwave quantum memories. We discuss key requirements in realising such memories, including considerations for superconducting resonators whose frequency can be tuned onto resonance with the spins. Finally, progress towards microwave quantum memories and other developments in the field of superconducting quantum devices are being used to push the limits of sensitivity of inductively-detected electron spin resonance. The state-of-the-art currently stands at around 65 spins per Hz, with prospects to scale down to even fewer spins.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J L Morton
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, UCL, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom; Dept. of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom.
| | - Patrice Bertet
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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15
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Bonizzoni C, Ghirri A, Atzori M, Sorace L, Sessoli R, Affronte M. Coherent coupling between Vanadyl Phthalocyanine spin ensemble and microwave photons: towards integration of molecular spin qubits into quantum circuits. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13096. [PMID: 29026118 PMCID: PMC5638858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13271-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron spins are ideal two-level systems that may couple with microwave photons so that, under specific conditions, coherent spin-photon states can be realized. This represents a fundamental step for the transfer and the manipulation of quantum information. Along with spin impurities in solids, molecular spins in concentrated phases have recently shown coherent dynamics under microwave stimuli. Here we show that it is possible to obtain high cooperativity regime between a molecular Vanadyl Phthalocyanine (VOPc) spin ensemble and a high quality factor superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) coplanar resonator at 0.5 K. This demonstrates that molecular spin centers can be successfully integrated in hybrid quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bonizzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 213/A, 41125, Modena, Italy. .,Istituto Nanoscienze S3, CNR via G. Campi 213/A, 41125, Modena, Italy.
| | - A Ghirri
- Istituto Nanoscienze S3, CNR via G. Campi 213/A, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - M Atzori
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - L Sorace
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - R Sessoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - M Affronte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 213/A, 41125, Modena, Italy.,Istituto Nanoscienze S3, CNR via G. Campi 213/A, 41125, Modena, Italy
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16
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17
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Mergenthaler M, Liu J, Le Roy JJ, Ares N, Thompson AL, Bogani L, Luis F, Blundell SJ, Lancaster T, Ardavan A, Briggs GAD, Leek PJ, Laird EA. Strong Coupling of Microwave Photons to Antiferromagnetic Fluctuations in an Organic Magnet. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:147701. [PMID: 29053322 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.147701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coupling between a crystal of di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)iminoazanium radicals and a superconducting microwave resonator is investigated in a circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit QED) architecture. The crystal exhibits paramagnetic behavior above 4 K, with antiferromagnetic correlations appearing below this temperature, and we demonstrate strong coupling at base temperature. The magnetic resonance acquires a field angle dependence as the crystal is cooled down, indicating anisotropy of the exchange interactions. These results show that multispin modes in organic crystals are suitable for circuit QED, offering a platform for their coherent manipulation. They also utilize the circuit QED architecture as a way to probe spin correlations at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Mergenthaler
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Junjie Liu
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer J Le Roy
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Ares
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Amber L Thompson
- Chemical Crystallography, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Lapo Bogani
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando Luis
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (CSIC-U. de Zaragoza), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Stephen J Blundell
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Lancaster
- Durham University, Centre for Materials Physics, Department of Physics, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Arzhang Ardavan
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - G Andrew D Briggs
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Leek
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Edward A Laird
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
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18
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Lau HK, Pooser R, Siopsis G, Weedbrook C. Quantum Machine Learning over Infinite Dimensions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:080501. [PMID: 28282171 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.080501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning is a fascinating and exciting field within computer science. Recently, this excitement has been transferred to the quantum information realm. Currently, all proposals for the quantum version of machine learning utilize the finite-dimensional substrate of discrete variables. Here we generalize quantum machine learning to the more complex, but still remarkably practical, infinite-dimensional systems. We present the critical subroutines of quantum machine learning algorithms for an all-photonic continuous-variable quantum computer that can lead to exponential speedups in situations where classical algorithms scale polynomially. Finally, we also map out an experimental implementation which can be used as a blueprint for future photonic demonstrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Kwan Lau
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Raphael Pooser
- Quantum Information Science Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1200, USA
| | - George Siopsis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1200, USA
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19
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Kakuyanagi K, Matsuzaki Y, Déprez C, Toida H, Semba K, Yamaguchi H, Munro WJ, Saito S. Observation of Collective Coupling between an Engineered Ensemble of Macroscopic Artificial Atoms and a Superconducting Resonator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:210503. [PMID: 27911564 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.210503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The hybridization of distinct quantum systems is now seen as an effective way to engineer the properties of an entire system leading to applications in quantum metamaterials, quantum simulation, and quantum metrology. Recent improvements in both fabrication techniques and qubit design have allowed the community to consider coupling large ensembles of artificial atoms, such as superconducting qubits, to a resonator. Here, we demonstrate the coherent coupling between a microwave resonator and a macroscopic ensemble composed of several thousand superconducting flux qubits, where we observe a large dispersive frequency shift in the spectrum of 250 MHz. We achieve the large dispersive shift with a collective enhancement of the coupling strength between the resonator and qubits. These results represent the largest number of coupled superconducting qubits realized so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kakuyanagi
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Matsuzaki
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Corentin Déprez
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Hiraku Toida
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Kouichi Semba
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1, Nukuikitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - William J Munro
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Shiro Saito
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
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20
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Jenkins MD, Zueco D, Roubeau O, Aromí G, Majer J, Luis F. A scalable architecture for quantum computation with molecular nanomagnets. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:16682-16693. [PMID: 27711709 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02664h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A proposal for a magnetic quantum processor that consists of individual molecular spins coupled to superconducting coplanar resonators and transmission lines is carefully examined. We derive a simple magnetic quantum electrodynamics Hamiltonian to describe the underlying physics. It is shown that these hybrid devices can perform arbitrary operations on each spin qubit and induce tunable interactions between any pair of them. The combination of these two operations ensures that the processor can perform universal quantum computations. The feasibility of this proposal is critically discussed using the results of realistic calculations, based on parameters of existing devices and molecular qubits. These results show that the proposal is feasible, provided that molecules with sufficiently long coherence times can be developed and accurately integrated into specific areas of the device. This architecture has an enormous potential for scaling up quantum computation thanks to the microscopic nature of the individual constituents, the molecules, and the possibility of using their internal spin degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Jenkins
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC and Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
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21
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Song WL, Yang WL, Yin ZQ, Chen CY, Feng M. Controllable quantum dynamics of inhomogeneous nitrogen-vacancy center ensembles coupled to superconducting resonators. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33271. [PMID: 27627994 PMCID: PMC5024108 DOI: 10.1038/srep33271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore controllable quantum dynamics of a hybrid system, which consists of an array of mutually coupled superconducting resonators (SRs) with each containing a nitrogen-vacancy center spin ensemble (NVE) in the presence of inhomogeneous broadening. We focus on a three-site model, which compared with the two-site case, shows more complicated and richer dynamical behavior, and displays a series of damped oscillations under various experimental situations, reflecting the intricate balance and competition between the NVE-SR collective coupling and the adjacent-site photon hopping. Particularly, we find that the inhomogeneous broadening of the spin ensemble can suppress the population transfer between the SR and the local NVE. In this context, although the inhomogeneous broadening of the spin ensemble diminishes entanglement among the NVEs, optimal entanglement, characterized by averaging the lower bound of concurrence, could be achieved through accurately adjusting the tunable parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Lu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wan-Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhang-Qi Yin
- The Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Yong Chen
- Department of Physics, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong 512005, China
| | - Mang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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22
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Lau HK, Plenio MB. Universal Quantum Computing with Arbitrary Continuous-Variable Encoding. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:100501. [PMID: 27636459 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.100501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Implementing a qubit quantum computer in continuous-variable systems conventionally requires the engineering of specific interactions according to the encoding basis states. In this work, we present a unified formalism to conduct universal quantum computation with a fixed set of operations but arbitrary encoding. By storing a qubit in the parity of two or four qumodes, all computing processes can be implemented by basis state preparations, continuous-variable exponential-swap operations, and swap tests. Our formalism inherits the advantages that the quantum information is decoupled from collective noise, and logical qubits with different encodings can be brought to interact without decoding. We also propose a possible implementation of the required operations by using interactions that are available in a variety of continuous-variable systems. Our work separates the "hardware" problem of engineering quantum-computing-universal interactions, from the "software" problem of designing encodings for specific purposes. The development of quantum computer architecture could hence be simplified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Kwan Lau
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin B Plenio
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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23
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Liu T, Su QP, Xiong SJ, Liu JM, Yang CP, Nori F. Generation of a macroscopic entangled coherent state using quantum memories in circuit QED. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32004. [PMID: 27562055 PMCID: PMC4999958 DOI: 10.1038/srep32004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
W-type entangled states can be used as quantum channels for, e.g., quantum teleportation, quantum dense coding, and quantum key distribution. In this work, we propose a way to generate a macroscopic W-type entangled coherent state using quantum memories in circuit QED. The memories considered here are nitrogen-vacancy center ensembles (NVEs), each located in a different cavity. This proposal does not require initially preparing each NVE in a coherent state instead of a ground state, which should significantly reduce its experimental difficulty. For most of the operation time, each cavity remains in a vacuum state, thus decoherence caused by the cavity decay and the unwanted inter-cavity crosstalk are greatly suppressed. Moreover, only one external-cavity coupler qubit is needed, which simplifies the circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Department of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Qi-Ping Su
- Department of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Shao-Jie Xiong
- Department of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Jin-Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Chui-Ping Yang
- Department of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Franco Nori
- CEMS, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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24
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Matsuzaki Y, Morishita H, Shimooka T, Tashima T, Kakuyanagi K, Semba K, Munro WJ, Yamaguchi H, Mizuochi N, Saito S. Optically detected magnetic resonance of high-density ensemble of NV - centers in diamond. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:275302. [PMID: 27214571 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/27/275302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) is a way to characterize the ensemble of NV-centers. Recently, a remarkably sharp dip was observed in the ODMR with a high-density ensemble of NV centers. The model (Zhu et al 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 3424) indicated that such a dip was due to the spin-1 properties of the NV- centers. Here, we present many more details of the analysis to show how this model can be applied to investigate the properties of the NV- centers. By using our model, we have reproduced the ODMR with and without applied external magnetic fields. Additionally, we investigate how the ODMR is affected by the typical parameters of the ensemble NV- centers such as strain distributions, inhomogeneous magnetic fields, and homogeneous broadening width. Our model provides a way to characterize the NV- center from the ODMR, which would be crucial to realize diamond-based quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Matsuzaki
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0198, Japan
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25
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Entanglement dynamics of Nitrogen-vacancy centers spin ensembles coupled to a superconducting resonator. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21775. [PMID: 26902910 PMCID: PMC4763275 DOI: 10.1038/srep21775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploration of macroscopic quantum entanglement is of great interest in both fundamental science and practical application. We investigate a hybrid quantum system that consists of two nitrogen-vacancy centers ensembles (NVE) coupled to a superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator (CPWR). The collective magnetic coupling between the NVE and the CPWR is employed to generate macroscopic entanglement between the NVEs, where the CPWR acts as the quantum bus. We find that, this NVE-CPWR hybrid system behaves as a system of three coupled harmonic oscillators, and the excitation prepared initially in the CPWR can be distributed into these two NVEs. In the nondissipative case, the entanglement of NVEs oscillates periodically and the maximal entanglement always keeps unity if the CPWR is initially prepared in the odd coherent state. Considering the dissipative effect from the CPWR and NVEs, the amount of entanglement between these two NVEs strongly depends on the initial state of the CPWR, and the maximal entanglement can be tuned by adjusting the initial states of the total system. The experimental feasibility and challenge with currently available technology are discussed.
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26
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Zhou S, Yamamoto M, Briggs GAD, Imahori H, Porfyrakis K. Probing the Dipolar Coupling in a Heterospin Endohedral Fullerene-Phthalocyanine Dyad. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1313-9. [PMID: 26745202 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b11641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Paramagnetic endohedral fullerenes and phthalocyanine (Pc) complexes are promising building blocks for molecular quantum information processing, for which tunable dipolar coupling is required. We have linked these two spin qubit candidates together and characterized the resulting electron paramagnetic resonance properties, including the spin dipolar coupling between the fullerene spin and the copper spin. Having interpreted the distance-dependent coupling strength quantitatively and further discussed the antiferromagnetic aggregation effect of the CuPc moieties, we demonstrate two ways of tuning the dipolar coupling in such dyad systems: changing the spacer group and adjusting the solution concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Zhou
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K
| | - Masanori Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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27
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Digital quantum simulators in a scalable architecture of hybrid spin-photon qubits. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16036. [PMID: 26563516 PMCID: PMC4643341 DOI: 10.1038/srep16036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolving quantum many-body problems represents one of the greatest challenges in physics and physical chemistry, due to the prohibitively large computational resources that would be required by using classical computers. A solution has been foreseen by directly simulating the time evolution through sequences of quantum gates applied to arrays of qubits, i.e. by implementing a digital quantum simulator. Superconducting circuits and resonators are emerging as an extremely promising platform for quantum computation architectures, but a digital quantum simulator proposal that is straightforwardly scalable, universal, and realizable with state-of-the-art technology is presently lacking. Here we propose a viable scheme to implement a universal quantum simulator with hybrid spin-photon qubits in an array of superconducting resonators, which is intrinsically scalable and allows for local control. As representative examples we consider the transverse-field Ising model, a spin-1 Hamiltonian, and the two-dimensional Hubbard model and we numerically simulate the scheme by including the main sources of decoherence.
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28
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Cai H, Matsuzaki Y, Kakuyanagi K, Toida H, Zhu X, Mizuochi N, Nemoto K, Semba K, Munro WJ, Saito S, Yamaguchi H. Analysis of the spectroscopy of a hybrid system composed of a superconducting flux qubit and diamond NV(-) centers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:345702. [PMID: 26252646 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/34/345702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid system that combines the advantages of a superconductor flux qubit and an electron spin ensemble in diamond is one of the promising devices to realize quantum information processing. Exploring the properties of the superconductor diamond system is essential for the efficient use of this device. When we perform spectroscopy of this system, significant power broadening is observed. However, previous models to describe this system are known to be applicable only when the power broadening is negligible. Here, we construct a new approach to analyze this system with strong driving, and succeed in reproducing the spectrum with the power broadening. Our results provide an efficient way to analyze this hybrid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Cai
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan. Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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29
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Krimer DO, Hartl B, Rotter S. Hybrid Quantum Systems with Collectively Coupled Spin States: Suppression of Decoherence through Spectral Hole Burning. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:033601. [PMID: 26230793 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.033601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Spin ensemble based hybrid quantum systems suffer from a significant degree of decoherence resulting from the inhomogeneous broadening of the spin transition frequencies in the ensemble. We demonstrate that this strongly restrictive drawback can be overcome simply by burning two narrow spectral holes in the spin spectral density at judiciously chosen frequencies. Using this procedure we find an increase of the coherence time by more than an order of magnitude as compared to the case without hole burning. Our findings pave the way for the practical use of these hybrid quantum systems for the processing of quantum information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry O Krimer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/136, A-1040 Vienna, Austria, European Union
| | - Benedikt Hartl
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/136, A-1040 Vienna, Austria, European Union
| | - Stefan Rotter
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/136, A-1040 Vienna, Austria, European Union
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30
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Gardner DM, Chen HF, Krzyaniak MD, Ratner MA, Wasielewski MR. Large Dipolar Spin–Spin Interaction in a Photogenerated U-Shaped Triradical. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:8040-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b03048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Gardner
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Hsiao-Fan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Matthew D. Krzyaniak
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Mark A. Ratner
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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31
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Abstract
An extensively pursued current direction of research in physics aims at the development of practical technologies that exploit the effects of quantum mechanics. As part of this ongoing effort, devices for quantum information processing, secure communication, and high-precision sensing are being implemented with diverse systems, ranging from photons, atoms, and spins to mesoscopic superconducting and nanomechanical structures. Their physical properties make some of these systems better suited than others for specific tasks; thus, photons are well suited for transmitting quantum information, weakly interacting spins can serve as long-lived quantum memories, and superconducting elements can rapidly process information encoded in their quantum states. A central goal of the envisaged quantum technologies is to develop devices that can simultaneously perform several of these tasks, namely, reliably store, process, and transmit quantum information. Hybrid quantum systems composed of different physical components with complementary functionalities may provide precisely such multitasking capabilities. This article reviews some of the driving theoretical ideas and first experimental realizations of hybrid quantum systems and the opportunities and challenges they present and offers a glance at the near- and long-term perspectives of this fascinating and rapidly expanding field.
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32
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Tabuchi Y, Ishino S, Ishikawa T, Yamazaki R, Usami K, Nakamura Y. Hybridizing ferromagnetic magnons and microwave photons in the quantum limit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:083603. [PMID: 25192098 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.083603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate large normal-mode splitting between a magnetostatic mode (the Kittel mode) in a ferromagnetic sphere of yttrium iron garnet and a microwave cavity mode. Strong coupling is achieved in the quantum regime where the average number of thermally or externally excited magnons and photons is less than one. We also confirm that the coupling strength is proportional to the square root of the number of spins. A nonmonotonic temperature dependence of the Kittel-mode linewidth is observed below 1 K and is attributed to the dissipation due to the coupling with a bath of two-level systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Tabuchi
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Ishino
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Toyofumi Ishikawa
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Rekishu Yamazaki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Koji Usami
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Nakamura
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan and Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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33
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Zou LJ, Marcos D, Diehl S, Putz S, Schmiedmayer J, Majer J, Rabl P. Implementation of the Dicke lattice model in hybrid quantum system arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:023603. [PMID: 25062180 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.023603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Generalized Dicke models can be implemented in hybrid quantum systems built from ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond coupled to superconducting microwave cavities. By engineering cavity assisted Raman transitions between two spin states of the NV defect, a fully tunable model for collective light-matter interactions in the ultrastrong coupling limit can be obtained. Our analysis of the resulting nonequilibrium phases for a single cavity and for coupled cavity arrays shows that different superradiant phase transitions can be observed using existing experimental technologies, even in the presence of large inhomogeneous broadening of the spin ensemble. The phase diagram of the Dicke lattice model displays distinct features induced by dissipation, which can serve as a genuine experimental signature for phase transitions in driven open quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Zou
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D Marcos
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Diehl
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Putz
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, Vienna University of Technology, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - J Schmiedmayer
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, Vienna University of Technology, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - J Majer
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, Vienna University of Technology, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - P Rabl
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, Vienna University of Technology, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
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34
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Zhu X, Matsuzaki Y, Amsüss R, Kakuyanagi K, Shimo-Oka T, Mizuochi N, Nemoto K, Semba K, Munro WJ, Saito S. Observation of dark states in a superconductor diamond quantum hybrid system. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3424. [PMID: 24709792 PMCID: PMC3988811 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The hybridization of distinct quantum systems has opened new avenues to exploit the best properties of these individual systems. Superconducting circuits and electron spin ensembles are one such example. Strong coupling and the coherent transfer and storage of quantum information has been achieved with nitrogen vacancy centres in diamond. Recently, we have observed a remarkably sharp resonance (~1 MHz) at 2.878 GHz in the spectrum of flux qubit negatively charged nitrogen vacancy diamond hybrid quantum system under zero external magnetic field. This width is much narrower than that of both the flux qubit and spin ensemble. Here we show that this resonance is evidence of a collective dark state in the ensemble, which is coherently driven by the superposition of clockwise and counter-clockwise macroscopic persistent supercurrents flowing in the flux qubit. The collective dark state is a unique physical system and could provide a long-lived quantum memory. Recently, a sharp resonance was observed in the spectrum of a flux-qubit nitrogen-vacancy-centre hybrid quantum system that is much narrower than that of either the flux qubit or the spin ensemble. Zhu et al. investigate this resonance and find evidence of a coherently driven collective dark state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhu
- 1] NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan [2]
| | - Yuichiro Matsuzaki
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Robert Amsüss
- 1] NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan [2] Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kosuke Kakuyanagi
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Takaaki Shimo-Oka
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Norikazu Mizuochi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kae Nemoto
- National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan
| | - Kouichi Semba
- 1] NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan [2] National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan [3]
| | - William J Munro
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Shiro Saito
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
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35
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Quantum Computation with Molecular Nanomagnets: Achievements, Challenges, and New Trends. MOLECULAR NANOMAGNETS AND RELATED PHENOMENA 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2014_145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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36
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Spin wave nonreciprocity for logic device applications. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3160. [PMID: 24196318 PMCID: PMC3819604 DOI: 10.1038/srep03160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of spin waves as eigenmodes of the magnetization dynamics for information processing and communication has been widely explored recently due to its high operational speed with low power consumption and possible applications for quantum computations. Previous proposals of spin wave Mach-Zehnder devices were based on the spin wave phase, a delicate entity which can be easily disrupted. Here, we propose a complete logic system based on the spin wave amplitude utilizing the nonreciprocal spin wave behavior excited by microstrip antennas. The experimental data reveal that the nonreciprocity of magnetostatic surface spin wave can be tuned by the bias magnetic field. Furthermore, engineering of the device structure could result in a high nonreciprocity factor for spin wave logic applications.
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37
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Huebl H, Zollitsch CW, Lotze J, Hocke F, Greifenstein M, Marx A, Gross R, Goennenwein STB. High cooperativity in coupled microwave resonator ferrimagnetic insulator hybrids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:127003. [PMID: 24093293 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.127003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of strong coupling between the exchange-coupled spins in a gallium-doped yttrium iron garnet and a superconducting coplanar microwave resonator made from Nb. The measured coupling rate of 450 MHz is proportional to the square root of the number of exchange-coupled spins and well exceeds the loss rate of 50 MHz of the spin system. This demonstrates that exchange-coupled systems are suitable for cavity quantum electrodynamics experiments, while allowing high integration densities due to their spin densities of the order of one Bohr magneton per atom. Our results furthermore show, that experiments with multiple exchange-coupled spin systems interacting via a single resonator are within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Huebl
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748 Garching, Germany
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38
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Carretta S, Chiesa A, Troiani F, Gerace D, Amoretti G, Santini P. Quantum information processing with hybrid spin-photon qubit encoding. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:110501. [PMID: 24074061 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.110501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a scheme to perform quantum information processing that is based on a hybrid spin-photon qubit encoding. The proposed qubits consist of spin ensembles coherently coupled to microwave photons in coplanar waveguide resonators. The quantum gates are performed solely by shifting the resonance frequencies of the resonators on a nanosecond time scale. An additional cavity containing a Cooper-pair box is exploited as an auxiliary degree of freedom to implement two-qubit gates. The generality of the scheme allows its potential implementation with a wide class of spin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Carretta
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
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39
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Saito S, Zhu X, Amsüss R, Matsuzaki Y, Kakuyanagi K, Shimo-Oka T, Mizuochi N, Nemoto K, Munro WJ, Semba K. Towards realizing a quantum memory for a superconducting qubit: storage and retrieval of quantum states. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:107008. [PMID: 25166702 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.107008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have built a hybrid system composed of a superconducting flux qubit (the processor) and an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond (the memory) that can be directly coupled to one another, and demonstrated how information can be transferred from the flux qubit to the memory, stored, and subsequently retrieved. We have established the coherence properties of the memory and succeeded in creating an entangled state between the processor and memory, demonstrating how the entangled state's coherence is preserved. Our results are a significant step towards using an electron spin ensemble as a quantum memory for superconducting qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Saito
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Robert Amsüss
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan and Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yuichiro Matsuzaki
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kakuyanagi
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Takaaki Shimo-Oka
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Norikazu Mizuochi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kae Nemoto
- National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan
| | - William J Munro
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Kouichi Semba
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan and National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan
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40
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Julsgaard B, Grezes C, Bertet P, Mølmer K. Quantum memory for microwave photons in an inhomogeneously broadened spin ensemble. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:250503. [PMID: 23829721 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.250503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We propose a multimode quantum memory protocol able to store the quantum state of the field in a microwave resonator into an ensemble of electronic spins. The stored information is protected against inhomogeneous broadening of the spin ensemble by spin-echo techniques resulting in memory times orders of magnitude longer than previously achieved. By calculating the evolution of the first and second moments of the spin-cavity system variables for current experimental parameters, we show that a memory based on nitrogen vacancy center spins in diamond can store a qubit encoded on the |0> and |1> Fock states of the field with 80% fidelity and outperform classical memory strategies for storage times ≤69 μs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Julsgaard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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41
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Boero G, Gualco G, Lisowski R, Anders J, Suter D, Brugger J. Room temperature strong coupling between a microwave oscillator and an ensemble of electron spins. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2013; 231:133-140. [PMID: 23644353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally the possibility to achieve the strong coupling regime at room temperature with a microwave electronic oscillator coupled with an ensemble of electron spins. The coupled system shows bistable behaviour, with a broad hysteresis and sharp transitions. The coupling strength and the hysteresis width can be adjusted through the number of spins in the ensemble, the temperature, and the microwave field strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Boero
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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42
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Ranjan V, de Lange G, Schutjens R, Debelhoir T, Groen JP, Szombati D, Thoen DJ, Klapwijk TM, Hanson R, DiCarlo L. Probing dynamics of an electron-spin ensemble via a superconducting resonator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:067004. [PMID: 23432295 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.067004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We study spin relaxation and diffusion in an electron-spin ensemble of nitrogen impurities in diamond at low temperature (0.25-1.2 K) and polarizing magnetic field (80-300 mT). Measurements exploit field-controlled coupling of the ensemble to two modes of a transmission-line resonator. The observed temperature-independent spin relaxation time indicates that spin outdiffusion across the mode volume dominates over spin-lattice relaxation. Depolarization of one hyperfine-split subensemble by pumping of another indicates fast cross relaxation, with implications for the use of subensembles as independent quantum memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ranjan
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
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43
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Malissa H, Schuster DI, Tyryshkin AM, Houck AA, Lyon SA. Superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators for low temperature pulsed electron spin resonance spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:025116. [PMID: 23464260 DOI: 10.1063/1.4792205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the design and implementation of thin film superconducting coplanar waveguide micro-resonators for pulsed electron spin resonance experiments. The performance of the resonators with P doped Si epilayer samples is compared to waveguide resonators under equivalent conditions. The high achievable filling factor even for small sized samples and the relatively high Q-factor result in a sensitivity of 4.5 × 10(8) spins per shot, which is superior to that of conventional waveguide resonators, in particular to spins close to the sample surface. The peak microwave power is on the order of a few milliwatts, which is compatible with measurements at ultra-low temperatures. We also discuss the effect of the nonuniform microwave magnetic field on the Hahn echo power dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Malissa
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Olden Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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44
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Borneman TW, Cory DG. Bandwidth-limited control and ringdown suppression in high-Q resonators. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2012; 225:120-9. [PMID: 23165232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We describe how the transient behavior of a tuned and matched resonator circuit and a ringdown suppression pulse may be integrated into an optimal control theory (OCT) pulse-design algorithm to derive control sequences with limited ringdown that perform a desired quantum operation in the presence of resonator distortions of the ideal waveform. Inclusion of ringdown suppression in numerical pulse optimizations significantly reduces spectrometer deadtime when using high quality factor (high-Q) resonators, leading to increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and sensitivity of inductive measurements. To demonstrate the method, we experimentally measure the free-induction decay of an inhomogeneously broadened solid-state free radical spin system at high Q. The measurement is enabled by using a numerically optimized bandwidth-limited OCT pulse, including ringdown suppression, robust to variations in static and microwave field strengths. We also discuss the applications of pulse design in high-Q resonators to universal control of anisotropic-hyperfine coupled electron-nuclear spin systems via electron-only modulation even when the bandwidth of the resonator is significantly smaller than the hyperfine coupling strength. These results demonstrate how limitations imposed by linear response theory may be vastly exceeded when using a sufficiently accurate system model to optimize pulses of high complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy W Borneman
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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45
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Korolkov VV, Mullin N, Allen S, Roberts CJ, Hobbs JK, Tendler SJB. The structure and formation of hydrogen-bonded molecular networks on Au(111) surfaces revealed by scanning tunnelling and torsional-tapping atomic force microscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:15909-16. [PMID: 23093335 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43199h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive scanning probe microscopy study has been carried out to characterise 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI)-melamine hydrogen-bonded networks deposited on Au(111)-surfaces. Both scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopy were utilized. Such complementary analysis revealed a multilayered structure of the networks on the Au(111)-surface as opposed to a widely reported monolayer structure. Details of the network formation mechanism are presented. We have also demonstrated that despite the apparent network stability in ambient conditions it is unstable in aqueous solutions of pH 4.5 and 7.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Korolkov
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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46
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Simmons S, Wu H, Morton JJL. Controlling and exploiting phases in multi-spin systems using electron spin resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2012; 370:4794-4809. [PMID: 22946041 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The phase of a superposition state is a quintessential characteristic that differentiates a quantum bit of information from a classical one. This phase can be manipulated dynamically or geometrically, and can be exploited to sensitively estimate Hamiltonian parameters, perform faithful quantum state tomography and encode quantum information into multiple modes of an ensemble. Here we discuss the methods that we have employed to manipulate and exploit the phase information of single-, two-, multi-qubit and multi-mode spin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Simmons
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
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47
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Kobr L, Gardner DM, Smeigh AL, Dyar SM, Karlen SD, Carmieli R, Wasielewski MR. Fast Photodriven Electron Spin Coherence Transfer: A Quantum Gate Based on a Spin Exchange J-Jump. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:12430-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja305650x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Kobr
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne−Northwestern
Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Daniel M. Gardner
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne−Northwestern
Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Amanda L. Smeigh
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne−Northwestern
Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Scott M. Dyar
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne−Northwestern
Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Steven D. Karlen
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne−Northwestern
Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Raanan Carmieli
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne−Northwestern
Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne−Northwestern
Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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48
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Cho SC, Kaneko T, Ishida H, Hatakeyama R. Control of C 60 Behavior for High Yield Synthesis of N@C 60 in RF-Plasma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.14723/tmrsj.37.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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49
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Tyryshkin AM, Tojo S, Morton JJL, Riemann H, Abrosimov NV, Becker P, Pohl HJ, Schenkel T, Thewalt MLW, Itoh KM, Lyon SA. Electron spin coherence exceeding seconds in high-purity silicon. NATURE MATERIALS 2011; 11:143-7. [PMID: 22138791 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Silicon is one of the most promising semiconductor materials for spin-based information processing devices. Its advanced fabrication technology facilitates the transition from individual devices to large-scale processors, and the availability of a (28)Si form with no magnetic nuclei overcomes a primary source of spin decoherence in many other materials. Nevertheless, the coherence lifetimes of electron spins in the solid state have typically remained several orders of magnitude lower than that achieved in isolated high-vacuum systems such as trapped ions. Here we examine electron spin coherence of donors in pure (28)Si material (residual (29)Si concentration <50 ppm) with donor densities of 10(14)-10(15) cm(-3). We elucidate three mechanisms for spin decoherence, active at different temperatures, and extract a coherence lifetime T(2) up to 2 s. In this regime, we find the electron spin is sensitive to interactions with other donor electron spins separated by ~200 nm. A magnetic field gradient suppresses such interactions, producing an extrapolated electron spin T(2) of 10 s at 1.8 K. These coherence lifetimes are without peer in the solid state and comparable to high-vacuum qubits, making electron spins of donors in silicon ideal components of quantum computers, or quantum memories for systems such as superconducting qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei M Tyryshkin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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Kubo Y, Grezes C, Dewes A, Umeda T, Isoya J, Sumiya H, Morishita N, Abe H, Onoda S, Ohshima T, Jacques V, Dréau A, Roch JF, Diniz I, Auffeves A, Vion D, Esteve D, Bertet P. Hybrid quantum circuit with a superconducting qubit coupled to a spin ensemble. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:220501. [PMID: 22182018 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.220501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the experimental realization of a hybrid quantum circuit combining a superconducting qubit and an ensemble of electronic spins. The qubit, of the transmon type, is coherently coupled to the spin ensemble consisting of nitrogen-vacancy centers in a diamond crystal via a frequency-tunable superconducting resonator acting as a quantum bus. Using this circuit, we prepare a superposition of the qubit states that we store into collective excitations of the spin ensemble and retrieve back into the qubit later on. These results constitute a proof of concept of spin-ensemble based quantum memory for superconducting qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kubo
- Quantronics group, SPEC (CNRS URA 2464), IRAMIS, DSM, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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