1
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Cohen I, Meir T, Tangtartharakul K, Perelmutter L, Elkind M, Gershuni Y, Levanon A, Arefiev AV, Pomerantz I. Undepleted direct laser acceleration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk1947. [PMID: 38198549 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Intense lasers enable generating high-energy particle beams in university-scale laboratories. With the direct laser acceleration (DLA) method, the leading part of the laser pulse ionizes the target material and forms a positively charged ion plasma channel into which electrons are injected and accelerated. The high energy conversion efficiency of DLA makes it ideal for generating large numbers of photonuclear reactions. In this work, we reveal that, for efficient DLA to prevail, a target material of sufficiently high atomic number is required to maintain the injection of ionization electrons at the peak intensity of the pulse when the DLA channel is already formed. We demonstrate experimentally and numerically that, when the atomic number is too low, the target is depleted of its ionization electrons prematurely. Applying this understanding to multi-petawatt laser experiments is expected to result in increased neutron yields, a perquisite for a wide range of research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itamar Cohen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Talia Meir
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Kavin Tangtartharakul
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lior Perelmutter
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Michal Elkind
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yonatan Gershuni
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Assaf Levanon
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Alexey V Arefiev
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ishay Pomerantz
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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2
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Elkind M, Cohen I, Blackman D, Meir T, Perelmutter L, Catabi T, Levanon A, Glenzer SH, Arefiev AV, Pomerantz I. Intense laser interaction with micro-bars. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21345. [PMID: 38049633 PMCID: PMC10696094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intense laser fields interact very differently with micrometric rough surfaces than with flat objects. The interaction features high laser energy absorption and increased emission of MeV electrons, ions, and of hard x-rays. In this work, we irradiated isolated, translationally-symmetric objects in the form of micrometric Au bars. The interaction resulted in the emission of two forward-directed electron jets having a small opening angle, a narrow energy spread in the MeV range, and a positive angle to energy correlation. Our numerical simulations show that following ionization, those electrons that are pulled into vacuum near the object's edge, remain in-phase with the laser pulse for long enough so that the Lorentz force they experience drive them around the object's edge. After these electrons pass the object, they form attosecond duration bunches and interact with the laser field over large distances in vacuum in confined volumes that trap and accelerate them within a narrow range of momentum. The selectivity in energy of the interaction, its directionality, and the preservation of the attosecond duration of the electron bunches over large distances, offer new means for designing future laser-based light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Elkind
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itamar Cohen
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Blackman
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Talia Meir
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lior Perelmutter
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tomer Catabi
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Assaf Levanon
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Alexey V Arefiev
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ishay Pomerantz
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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3
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Xi X, Zhang G, Liu F, Fu G, He C, Chen H, Lv C, Sun W, Zhang K, Wang P, Deng X, Ma Z, Fu C, Guo B. Direct calibration of neutron detectors for laser-driven nuclear reaction experiments with a gated neutron source. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:013301. [PMID: 36725553 DOI: 10.1063/5.0127101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the sustained technological progress in high-intensity lasers is opening up the possibility of super-intense laser pulses to trigger or substantially influence nuclear reactions. However, it is a big challenge to quantitatively measure the reaction products because of the interference of electromagnetic pulses induced by high-intensity lasers. Fast scintillation detectors are widely chosen for fast neutron detection. The calibration of neutron detectors is crucial to measuring the yield of neutron products. Since one large signal superimposed by a number of neutron signals appears during a short period, it is difficult to directly and precisely calibrate the detectors' response for a single neutron. In the present work, we developed a direct calibration method with a gated fission neutron source 252Cf to solve this problem. This work demonstrates that the gated fission neutron source approach, with a unique "Pulse Shape Discrimination & Time of Flight window" function, has the highest background-γ-rejection and improves the confidence level of the final results for both liquid and plastic scintillator. Compared with the result of Compton edge method and neutron beam method, the gated fission neutron source method achieves much cleaner neutron signals and avoids interference caused by the modeling accuracy of the neutron detectors. This approach can be widely used in laser-driven nuclear physics experiments with higher accuracy for neutron detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Xi
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Fulong Liu
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Guangyong Fu
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Chuangye He
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Hongtao Chen
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Chong Lv
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Putong Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xiangai Deng
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-Beam Application (MoE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhiguo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-Beam Application (MoE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Changbo Fu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-Beam Application (MoE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
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4
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High-flux neutron generation by laser-accelerated ions from single- and double-layer targets. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19767. [DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24155-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractContemporary ultraintense, short-pulse laser systems provide extremely compact setups for the production of high-flux neutron beams, such as those required for nondestructive probing of dense matter, research on neutron-induced damage in fusion devices or laboratory astrophysics studies. Here, by coupling particle-in-cell and Monte Carlo numerical simulations, we examine possible strategies to optimise neutron sources from ion-induced nuclear reactions using 1-PW, 20-fs-class laser systems. To improve the ion acceleration, the laser-irradiated targets are chosen to be ultrathin solid foils, either standing alone or preceded by a plasma layer of near-critical density to enhance the laser focusing. We compare the performance of these single- and double-layer targets, and determine their optimum parameters in terms of energy and angular spectra of the accelerated ions. These are then sent into a converter to generate neutrons via nuclear reactions on beryllium and lead nuclei. Overall, we identify configurations that result in neutron yields as high as $$\sim 10^{10}\,{\mathrm{n}}\,{\mathrm{sr}}^{-1}$$
∼
10
10
n
sr
-
1
in $$\sim 1$$
∼
1
-cm-thick converters or instantaneous neutron fluxes above $$10^{23}\,{\mathrm{n}}\,{\mathrm{cm}}^{-2}\,{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$$
10
23
n
cm
-
2
s
-
1
at the backside of $$\lesssim 100$$
≲
100
-$$\upmu$$
μ
m-thick converters. Considering a realistic repetition rate of one laser shot per minute, the corresponding time-averaged neutron yields are predicted to reach values ($$\gtrsim 10^7\,{\mathrm{n}} \,{\mathrm{sr}}^{-1}\,{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$$
≳
10
7
n
sr
-
1
s
-
1
) well above the current experimental record, and this even with a mere thin foil as a primary target. A further increase in the time-averaged yield up to above $$10^8\,{\mathrm{sr}}^{-1}\,{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$$
10
8
sr
-
1
s
-
1
is foreseen using double-layer targets.
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5
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Abe Y, Nakao A, Arikawa Y, Morace A, Mori T, Lan Z, Wei T, Asano S, Minami T, Kuramitsu Y, Habara H, Shiraga H, Fujioka S, Nakai M, Yogo A. Predictive capability of material screening by fast neutron activation analysis using laser-driven neutron sources. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:093523. [PMID: 36182514 DOI: 10.1063/5.0099217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bright, short-pulsed neutron beams from laser-driven neutron sources (LANSs) provide a new perspective on material screening via fast neutron activation analysis (FNAA). FNAA is a nondestructive technique for determining material elemental composition based on nuclear excitation by fast neutron bombardment and subsequent spectral analysis of prompt γ-rays emitted by the active nuclei. Our recent experiments and simulations have shown that activation analysis can be used in practice with modest neutron fluences on the order of 105 n/cm2, which is available with current laser technology. In addition, time-resolved γ-ray measurements combined with picosecond neutron probes from LANSs are effective in mitigating the issue of spectral interference between elements, enabling highly accurate screening of complex samples containing many elements. This paper describes the predictive capability of LANS-based activation analysis based on experimental demonstrations and spectral calculations with Monte Carlo simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Abe
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - A Nakao
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Arikawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - A Morace
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Mori
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Z Lan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Wei
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Asano
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Minami
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Kuramitsu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Habara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Shiraga
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - M Nakai
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - A Yogo
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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6
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Wei S, Gong H, Song H, Hu A, Xiong J, Zhang H, Li J, Qiu R. An Active Dose Measurement Device for Ultra-short, Ultra-intense Laser Facilities. HEALTH PHYSICS 2022; 122:685-695. [PMID: 35383629 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-short, ultra-intense laser facilities could produce ultra-intense pulsed radiation fields. Currently, only passive detectors are fit for dose measurement in this circumstance. Since the laser device could generate a dose up to tens of mSv outside the chamber in tens of picoseconds, resulting in a high instantaneous dose rate of ~107 Sv s-1, it is necessary to perform real-time dose measurement to ensure the safety of nearby workers. Due to fast response and excellent radiation resistance, a diamond-based dose measurement device was designed and developed, and its dose-rate response and its feasibility for such occasions were characterized. The measurement results showed that the detector had a good dose-rate linearity in the range of 3.39 mGy h-1 to 10.58 Gy h-1 for an x-ray source with energy of 39 keV to 208 keV. No saturation phenomenon was observed, and the experimental results were consistent with the results obtained from Monte Carlo simulation. The charge collection efficiency was about 80%. Experimental measurements and simulations with this dose measurement device were carried out based on the "SG-II" laser device. The experimental and simulation results preliminarily verified the feasibility of using the diamond detector to measure the dose generated by ultra-short, ultra-intense laser devices. The results provided valuable information for the follow-up real-time dose measurement work of ultra-short, ultra-intense laser devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoyang Wei
- Tsinghua University Department of Engineering Physics, Beijing, China
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7
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Yong H, Keefer D, Mukamel S. Imaging Purely Nuclear Quantum Dynamics in Molecules by Combined X-ray and Electron Diffraction. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7796-7804. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiwang Yong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Daniel Keefer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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8
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Mima K, Yogo A, Mirfayzi SR, Lan Z, Arikawa Y, Abe Y, Nishimura H. Laser-driven neutron source and nuclear resonance absorption imaging at ILE, Osaka University: review. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:2398-2405. [PMID: 35333259 DOI: 10.1364/ao.444628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present an overview on the recent progress in the development of the laser-driven neutron source (LDNS) and nuclear resonance absorption (NRA) imaging at the Institute of Laser Engineering (ILE), Osaka University. The LDNS is unique because the number of neutrons per micro pulse is very large, and the source size and the pulse width are small. Consequently, extensive research and development of LDNSs is going on around the world. In this paper, a typical neutron generation process by the laser-driven ion beam, called the pitcher-catcher scheme, is described. The characteristics of the LDNS are compared with those of the accelerator-driven neutron source (ADNS), and unique application of the LDNS, such as NRA imaging, is presented. In the LDNS, NRA imaging is possible with a relatively short beam line in comparison with that of the ADNS since the neutron pulse width and the source size of the LDNS are small. Future prospects in research and development of NRA imaging with the LDNS at ILE Osaka University are also described.
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9
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Zimmer M, Scheuren S, Kleinschmidt A, Mitura N, Tebartz A, Schaumann G, Abel T, Ebert T, Hesse M, Zähter Ş, Vogel SC, Merle O, Ahlers RJ, Duarte Pinto S, Peschke M, Kröll T, Bagnoud V, Rödel C, Roth M. Demonstration of non-destructive and isotope-sensitive material analysis using a short-pulsed laser-driven epi-thermal neutron source. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1173. [PMID: 35246525 PMCID: PMC8897477 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrons are a valuable tool for non-destructive material investigation as their interaction cross sections with matter are isotope sensitive and can be used complementary to x-rays. So far, most neutron applications have been limited to large-scale facilities such as nuclear research reactors, spallation sources, and accelerator-driven neutron sources. Here we show the design and optimization of a laser-driven neutron source in the epi-thermal and thermal energy range, which is used for non-invasive material analysis. Neutron resonance spectroscopy, neutron radiography, and neutron resonance imaging with moderated neutrons are demonstrated for investigating samples in terms of isotope composition and thickness. The experimental results encourage applications in non-destructive and isotope-sensitive material analysis and pave the way for compact laser-driven neutron sources with high application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Zimmer
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Kernphysik, Darmstadt, 64289, Germany.
| | - Stefan Scheuren
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Kernphysik, Darmstadt, 64289, Germany
| | - Annika Kleinschmidt
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, 64291, Germany.,Helmholtz Institut Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Nikodem Mitura
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Kernphysik, Darmstadt, 64289, Germany
| | - Alexandra Tebartz
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Kernphysik, Darmstadt, 64289, Germany
| | - Gabriel Schaumann
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Kernphysik, Darmstadt, 64289, Germany
| | - Torsten Abel
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Kernphysik, Darmstadt, 64289, Germany
| | - Tina Ebert
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Kernphysik, Darmstadt, 64289, Germany
| | - Markus Hesse
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Kernphysik, Darmstadt, 64289, Germany
| | - Şêro Zähter
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, 64291, Germany
| | - Sven C Vogel
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Thorsten Kröll
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Kernphysik, Darmstadt, 64289, Germany
| | - Vincent Bagnoud
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, 64291, Germany
| | - Christian Rödel
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Kernphysik, Darmstadt, 64289, Germany
| | - Markus Roth
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Kernphysik, Darmstadt, 64289, Germany
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10
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Forward-looking insights in laser-generated ultra-intense γ-ray and neutron sources for nuclear application and science. Nat Commun 2022; 13:170. [PMID: 35013380 PMCID: PMC8748949 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27694-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-intense MeV photon and neutron beams are indispensable tools in many research fields such as nuclear, atomic and material science as well as in medical and biophysical applications. For applications in laboratory nuclear astrophysics, neutron fluxes in excess of 1021 n/(cm2 s) are required. Such ultra-high fluxes are unattainable with existing conventional reactor- and accelerator-based facilities. Currently discussed concepts for generating high-flux neutron beams are based on ultra-high power multi-petawatt lasers operating around 1023 W/cm2 intensities. Here, we present an efficient concept for generating γ and neutron beams based on enhanced production of direct laser-accelerated electrons in relativistic laser interactions with a long-scale near critical density plasma at 1019 W/cm2 intensity. Experimental insights in the laser-driven generation of ultra-intense, well-directed multi-MeV beams of photons more than 1012 ph/sr and an ultra-high intense neutron source with greater than 6 × 1010 neutrons per shot are presented. More than 1.4% laser-to-gamma conversion efficiency above 10 MeV and 0.05% laser-to-neutron conversion efficiency were recorded, already at moderate relativistic laser intensities and ps pulse duration. This approach promises a strong boost of the diagnostic potential of existing kJ PW laser systems used for Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) research. Laser-plasma interaction can provide alternative platform over conventional method for particle and photon beam generation. Here the authors demonstrate generation of gamma ray and neutron beams from intense laser interaction with near critical density plasma.
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11
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Lelasseux V, Söderström PA, Aogaki S, Burdonov K, Cerchez M, Chen SN, Dorard S, Fazzini A, Gugiu M, Pikuz S, Rotaru F, Willi O, Negoita F, Fuchs J. Design and commissioning of a neutron counter adapted to high-intensity laser matter interactions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:113303. [PMID: 34852516 DOI: 10.1063/5.0057828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The advent of multi-PW laser facilities world-wide opens new opportunities for nuclear physics. With this perspective, we developed a neutron counter taking into account the specifics of a high-intensity laser environment. Using GEANT4 simulations and prototype testings, we report on the design of a modular neutron counter based on boron-10 enriched scintillators and a high-density polyethylene moderator. This detector has been calibrated using a plutonium-beryllium neutron source and commissioned during an actual neutron-producing laser experiment at the LULI2000 facility (France). An overall efficiency of 4.37(59)% has been demonstrated during calibration with a recovery time of a few hundred microseconds after laser-plasma interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lelasseux
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, UPMC Univ. Paris 06: Sorbonne Université, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - P-A Söderström
- Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP)/Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), Str. Reactorului 30, 077125 Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania
| | - S Aogaki
- Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP)/Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), Str. Reactorului 30, 077125 Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania
| | - K Burdonov
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, UPMC Univ. Paris 06: Sorbonne Université, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - M Cerchez
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf\HHU Institute of Laser and Plasma Physics, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S N Chen
- Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP)/Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), Str. Reactorului 30, 077125 Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania
| | - S Dorard
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, UPMC Univ. Paris 06: Sorbonne Université, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - A Fazzini
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, UPMC Univ. Paris 06: Sorbonne Université, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - M Gugiu
- Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP)/Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), Str. Reactorului 30, 077125 Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania
| | - S Pikuz
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures RAS, 13-2 Izhorskaya St., Moscow 125412, Russia
| | - F Rotaru
- Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP)/Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), Str. Reactorului 30, 077125 Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania
| | - O Willi
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf\HHU Institute of Laser and Plasma Physics, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - F Negoita
- Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP)/Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), Str. Reactorului 30, 077125 Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania
| | - J Fuchs
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, UPMC Univ. Paris 06: Sorbonne Université, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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12
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Kim J, Wang T, Khudik V, Shvets G. Subfemtosecond Wakefield Injector and Accelerator Based on an Undulating Plasma Bubble Controlled by a Laser Phase. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:164801. [PMID: 34723604 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.164801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that a long-propagating plasma bubble executing undulatory motion can be produced in the wake of two copropagating laser pulses: a near-single-cycle injector and a multicycle driver. When the undulation amplitude exceeds the analytically derived threshold, highly localized injections of plasma electrons into the bubble are followed by their long-distance acceleration. While the locations of the injection regions are controlled by the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of the injector pulse, the monoenergetic spectrum of the accelerated subfemtosecond high-charge electron bunches is shown to be nearly CEP independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Kim
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Tianhong Wang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Vladimir Khudik
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
- Department of Physics and Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Gennady Shvets
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
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13
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Abstract
The versatility of laser accelerators in generating particle beams of various types is often promoted as a key applicative advantage. These multiple types of particles, however, are generated on vastly different irradiation setups, so that switching from one type to another involves substantial mechanical changes. In this letter, we report on a laser-based accelerator that generates beams of either multi-MeV electrons or ions from the same thin-foil irradiation setup. Switching from generation of ions to electrons is achieved by introducing an auxiliary laser pulse, which pre-explodes the foil tens of ns before irradiation by the main pulse. We present an experimental characterization of the emitted beams in terms of energy, charge, divergence, and repeatability, and conclude with several examples of prospective applications for industry and research.
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14
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Rusby DR, King PM, Pak A, Lemos N, Kerr S, Cochran G, Pagano I, Hannasch A, Quevedo H, Spinks M, Donovan M, Link A, Kemp A, Wilks SC, Williams GJ, Manuel MJE, Gavin Z, Haid A, Albert F, Aufderheide M, Chen H, Siders CW, Macphee A, Mackinnon A. Enhancements in laser-generated hot-electron production via focusing cone targets at short pulse and high contrast. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:053207. [PMID: 34134339 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.053207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report on the increase in the accelerated electron number and energy using compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) targets from a short-pulse (∼150 fs), high-intensity (>10^{18} W/cm^{2}), and high-contrast (∼10^{8}) laser-solid interaction. We report on experimental measurements using CPC targets where the hot-electron temperature is enhanced up to ∼9 times when compared to planar targets. The temperature measured from the CPC target is 〈T_{e}〉=4.4±1.3 MeV. Using hydrodynamic and particle in cell simulations, we identify the primary source of this temperature enhancement is the intensity increase caused by the CPC geometry that focuses the laser, reducing the focal spot and therefore increasing the intensity of the laser-solid interaction, which is also consistent with analytic expectations for the geometrical focusing.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Rusby
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P M King
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - A Pak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Lemos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Kerr
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G Cochran
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - I Pagano
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - A Hannasch
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - H Quevedo
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - M Spinks
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - M Donovan
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - A Link
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A Kemp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S C Wilks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G J Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M J-E Manuel
- General Atomics, 3550 General Atomics Ave, San Diego, California 92103, USA
| | - Z Gavin
- General Atomics, 3550 General Atomics Ave, San Diego, California 92103, USA
| | - A Haid
- General Atomics, 3550 General Atomics Ave, San Diego, California 92103, USA
| | - F Albert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Aufderheide
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - H Chen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C W Siders
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A Macphee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A Mackinnon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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15
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Mao H, Weichman K, Gong Z, Ditmire T, Quevedo H, Arefiev A. Emission of electromagnetic waves as a stopping mechanism for nonlinear collisionless ionization waves in a high-β regime. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:023209. [PMID: 33735976 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.023209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A high energy density plasma embedded in a neutral gas is able to launch an outward-propagating nonlinear electrostatic ionization wave that traps energetic electrons. The trapping maintains a strong sheath electric field, enabling rapid and long-lasting wave propagation aided by field ionization. Using 1D3V kinetic simulations, we examine the propagation of the ionization wave in the presence of a transverse MG-level magnetic field with the objective to identify qualitative changes in a regime where the initial thermal pressure of the plasma exceeds the pressure of the magnetic field (β>1). Our key finding is that the magnetic field stops the propagation by causing the energetic electrons sustaining the wave to lose their energy by emitting an electromagnetic wave. The emission is accompanied by the magnetic field expulsion from the plasma and an increased electron loss from the trapping wave structure. The described effect provides a mechanism mitigating rapid plasma expansion for those applications that involve an embedded plasma, such as high-flux neutron production from laser-irradiated deuterium gas jets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Mao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Kathleen Weichman
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA and University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Zheng Gong
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA and School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Todd Ditmire
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Hernan Quevedo
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Alexey Arefiev
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA and Center for Energy Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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16
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Gong Z, Mackenroth F, Wang T, Yan XQ, Toncian T, Arefiev AV. Direct laser acceleration of electrons assisted by strong laser-driven azimuthal plasma magnetic fields. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:013206. [PMID: 32795027 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.013206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A high-intensity laser beam propagating through a dense plasma drives a strong current that robustly sustains a strong quasistatic azimuthal magnetic field. The laser field efficiently accelerates electrons in such a field that confines the transverse motion and deflects the electrons in the forward direction. Its advantage is a threshold rather than resonant behavior, accelerating electrons to high energies for sufficiently strong laser-driven currents. We study the electron dynamics via a test-electron model, specifically deriving the corresponding critical current density. We confirm the model's predictions by numerical simulations, indicating energy gains two orders of magnitude higher than achievable without the magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Gong
- SKLNPT, KLHEDP and CAPT, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center for High Energy Density Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - F Mackenroth
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - T Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - X Q Yan
- SKLNPT, KLHEDP and CAPT, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - T Toncian
- Institute for Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A V Arefiev
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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17
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Arefiev A, Gong Z, Robinson APL. Energy gain by laser-accelerated electrons in a strong magnetic field. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:043201. [PMID: 32422732 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.043201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper deals with electron acceleration by a laser pulse in a plasma with a static uniform magnetic field B_{*}. The laser pulse propagates perpendicular to the magnetic field lines with the polarization chosen such that (E_{laser}·B_{*})=0. The focus of the work is on the electrons with an appreciable initial transverse momentum that are unable to gain significant energy from the laser in the absence of the magnetic field due to strong dephasing. It is shown that the magnetic field can initiate an energy increase by rotating such an electron, so that its momentum becomes directed forward. The energy gain continues well beyond this turning point where the dephasing drops to a very small value. In contrast to the case of purely vacuum acceleration, the electron experiences a rapid energy increases with the analytically derived maximum energy gain dependent on the strength of the magnetic field and the phase velocity of the wave. The energy enhancement by the magnetic field can be useful at high laser amplitudes, a_{0}≫1, where the acceleration similar to that in the vacuum is unable to produce energetic electrons over just tens of microns. A strong magnetic field helps leverage an increase in a_{0} without a significant increase in the interaction length.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arefiev
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA and Center for Energy Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Z Gong
- SKLNPT, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - A P L Robinson
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
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18
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An effective gamma white spots removal method for CCD-based neutron images denoising. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.111375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Tiwari G, Kupfer R, Jiao X, Gaul E, Hegelich BM. Gradient magnet design for simultaneous detection of electrons and positrons in the intermediate MeV range. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:083304. [PMID: 31472603 DOI: 10.1063/1.5099155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the design and development of a compact electron and positron spectrometer based on tapered neodymium iron boron magnets to characterize the pairs generated in laser-matter experiments. The tapered design forms a gradient magnetic field component allowing energy dependent focusing of the dispersed charged particles along a chosen detector plane. The mirror symmetric design allows for simultaneous detection of pairs with energies from 2 MeV to 500 MeV with an accuracy of ≤10% in the wide energy range from 5 to 110 MeV for a parallel beam incident on a circular aperture of 20 mm. The energy resolution drops to ≤20% for 4-90 MeV range for a divergent beam originating from a point source at 20 cm away (i.e., a solid angle of ∼8 milli steradians), with ≤10% accuracy still maintained in the narrower energy range from 10 to 55 MeV. It offers higher solid angle acceptance, even for the divergent beam, compared to the conventional pinhole aperture-based spectrometers. The proposed gradient magnet is suitable for the detection of low flux and/or monoenergetic type electron/positron beams with finite transverse sizes and offers unparalleled advantages for gamma-ray spectroscopy in the intermediate MeV range.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tiwari
- Center for High Energy Density Science, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - R Kupfer
- Center for High Energy Density Science, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - X Jiao
- Center for High Energy Density Science, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - E Gaul
- National Energetics, 4616 West Howard Lane, Austin, Texas 78728, USA
| | - B M Hegelich
- Center for High Energy Density Science, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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20
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Wang P, Shen X, Liu J, Li R. Generation of high-energy clean multicolored ultrashort pulses and their application in single-shot temporal contrast measurement. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:6536-6548. [PMID: 30876237 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.006536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the generation of 100-μJ-level multicolored femtosecond pulses based on a single-stage cascaded four-wave mixing (CFWM) process in a thin glass plate by using cylinder lenses. The generated high-energy CFWM signals can shift the central wavelength and have well-enhanced temporal contrast because of the third-order nonlinear process. They are innovatively used as clean sampling pulses of a cross-correlator for single-shot temporal contrast measurement. With a simple homemade setup, the proof-of-principle experimental results demonstrate the single-shot cross-correlator with dynamic range of 1010, temporal resolution of about 160 fs and temporal window of 50 ps. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration in which both the dynamic range and the temporal resolution of a single-shot temporal contrast measurement are comparable to those of a commercial delay-scanning cross-correlator.
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21
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22
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Abe Y, Nakajima N, Sakaguchi Y, Arikawa Y, Mirfayzi SR, Fujioka S, Taguchi T, Mima K, Yogo A, Nishimura H, Shiraga H, Nakai M. A multichannel gated neutron detector with reduced afterpulse for low-yield neutron measurements in intense hard X-ray backgrounds. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:10I114. [PMID: 30399813 DOI: 10.1063/1.5039436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A design of multichannel gated photomultiplier tube (PMT) is presented for the 960-channel neutron time-of-flight detector at the Institute of Laser Engineering of Osaka University. This is important for the fusion science and the nuclear photonics where intense hard X-rays are generated from the interaction of ultra-short laser pulse of petawatt power density with matter. The hard X-rays often overload PMTs and cause signal-induced background noises called afterpulses, making the detection of subsequent neutrons impossible. For this reason, the PMTs are coupled with an electrical time-gating (ETG) system to avoid overloading. The ETG system disables the PMT by modulating the dynode potential during the primary X-ray flash. An after-pulsing suppression technique is demonstrated by applying a reverse bias voltage between the photocathode and the first dynode. The presented multichannel scheme provides a gate response time of 80 ns, a signal cutoff ratio of 2.5 × 102, and requires reasonably low power consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Abe
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - N Nakajima
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Y Arikawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S R Mirfayzi
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Taguchi
- Setsunan University, Osaka 572-8508, Japan
| | - K Mima
- Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, Shizuoka 431-1202, Japan
| | - A Yogo
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Nishimura
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Shiraga
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - M Nakai
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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23
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Zhang X, Wei W, Fu C, Yuan X, An H, Deng Y, Fang Y, Gao J, Ge X, Guo B, He C, Hu P, Hua N, Jiang W, Li L, Li M, Li Y, Li Y, Liao G, Liu F, Liu L, Wang H, Yang P, Yang S, Yang T, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Zhu B, Xi X, Zhu J, Sheng Z, Zhang J. Demonstration of laser-produced neutron diagnostic by radiative capture gamma-rays. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:023505. [PMID: 29495800 DOI: 10.1063/1.5019228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a new scenario of the time-of-flight technique in which fast neutrons and delayed gamma-ray signals were both recorded in a millisecond time window in harsh environments induced by high-intensity lasers. The delayed gamma signals, arriving far later than the original fast neutron and often being ignored previously, were identified to be the results of radiative captures of thermalized neutrons. The linear correlation between the gamma photon number and the fast neutron yield shows that these delayed gamma events can be employed for neutron diagnosis. This method can reduce the detecting efficiency dropping problem caused by prompt high-flux gamma radiation and provides a new way for neutron diagnosing in high-intensity laser-target interaction experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Zhang
- INPAC and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenqing Wei
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Changbo Fu
- INPAC and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaohui Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Honghai An
- Shanghai Institute of Laser Plasma, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yanqing Deng
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xulei Ge
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Chuangye He
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Peng Hu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Neng Hua
- Shanghai Institute of Optical and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Weiman Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Liang Li
- INPAC and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mengting Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yutong Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guoqian Liao
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Longxiang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Pengqian Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Optical and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Su Yang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tao Yang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Baoqiang Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Optical and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xi
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Optical and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Zhengming Sheng
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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24
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Yang B, Qiu R, Jiao J, Lu W, Zhang Z, Zhou W, Ma C, Zhang H, Li J. DOSIMETRIC EVALUATION OF LASER-DRIVEN X-RAY AND NEUTRON SOURCES UTILIZING XG-III PS LASER WITH PEAK POWER OF 300 TERAWATT. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2017; 177:302-309. [PMID: 28419322 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncx045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Current short-pulse high-intensity lasers can accelerate electrons and proton/ions to energies of giga-electron volts. For certain advanced applications, laser-accelerated electrons and protons are optimised for high-energy X-ray and neutron generation at the XG-III picosecond (ps) laser beamline. These energetic X-ray and neutron beams can significantly affect radiation safety at the facility; therefore, proper evaluation of the radiological hazards induced by laser-driven X-ray and neutron sources is required. This study presents a dosimetric evaluation of laser-driven X-ray and neutron sources at the XG-III ps laser beamline. The 'source terms' of the laser-accelerated electrons and protons are characterised utilising the particle-in-cell method and an analytical model, respectively. The Monte Carlo code FLUKA is used to calculate prompt and residual dose yields due to all radiation field components and the number of residual activated nuclei. Our results can provide a reference for radiation hazard analysis at short-pulse high-intensity laser facilities worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Qiu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlong Jiao
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zhimeng Zhang
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Weimin Zhou
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
- IFSA, Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chi Ma
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Junli Li
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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25
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Gaul E, Toncian T, Martinez M, Gordon J, Spinks M, Dyer G, Truong N, Wagner C, Tiwari G, Donovan ME, Ditmire T, Hegelich BM. Improved pulse contrast on the Texas Petawatt Laser. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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