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Palastro JP, Miller KG, Follett RK, Ramsey D, Weichman K, Arefiev AV, Froula DH. Space-Time Structured Plasma Waves. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:095101. [PMID: 38489653 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.095101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Electrostatic waves play a critical role in nearly every branch of plasma physics from fusion to advanced accelerators, to astro, solar, and ionospheric physics. The properties of planar electrostatic waves are fully determined by the plasma conditions, such as density, temperature, ionization state, or details of the distribution functions. Here we demonstrate that electrostatic wave packets structured with space-time correlations can have properties that are independent of the plasma conditions. For instance, an appropriately structured electrostatic wave packet can travel at any group velocity, even backward with respect to its phase fronts, while maintaining a localized energy density. These linear, propagation-invariant wave packets can be constructed with or without orbital angular momentum by superposing natural modes of the plasma and can be ponderomotively excited by space-time structured laser pulses like the flying focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Palastro
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - K G Miller
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - R K Follett
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D Ramsey
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - K Weichman
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - A V Arefiev
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - D H Froula
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
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2
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A Comprehensive Review on Amplification of Laser Pulses via Stimulated Raman Scattering and Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Plasmas. PLASMA 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/plasma5040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for high-intensity lasers has grown ever since the invention of lasers in 1960, owing to their applications in the fields of inertial confinement fusion, plasma-based relativistic particle accelerators, complex X-ray and gamma-ray sources, and laboratory astrophysics. To create such high-intensity lasers, free-running lasers were either Q-switched or mode-locked to increase the peak power to the gigawatt range. Later, chirped pulse amplification was developed, allowing the generation of peak power up to 1012 W. However, the next generation of high-intensity lasers might not be able to be driven by the solid-state technology alone as they are already operating close to their damage thresholds. In this scenario, concepts of amplification based on plasmas has the potential to revolutionize the laser industry, as plasma is already a broken-down medium, and hence does not pose any problems related to the damage thresholds. On the other hand, there are many other aspects that need to be addressed before developing technologies based on plasma-based amplification, and they are being investigated via theoretical and numerical methods and supported by several experiments. In this report, we review the prospects of employing plasma as the medium of amplification by utilising stimulated scattering techniques, such as the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) techniques, to modulate high-power laser pulses, which would possibly be the key to the next generation of high-power lasers. The 1980s saw the commencement of research in this field, and possibilities of obtaining high peak powers were verified theoretically with the help of numerical calculations and simulations. The extent of amplification by these stimulated scattering schemes are limited by a number of instabilities such as forward Raman scattering (FRS), filamentation, etc., and here, magnetised plasma played an important role in counteracting these parasitic effects. The current research combines all these factors to experimentally realise a large-scale plasma-based amplifier, which can impact the high-energy laser industry in the near future.
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3
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Trauchessec V, Drouet V, Chollet C, Cornet P, Masclet-Gobin I, Chardavoine S, Prunet P, Duchastenier W, Diaz R, Le Deroff L, Wrobel R, Depierreux S. Time-resolved near backscatter imaging system on Laser MegaJoule. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:103519. [PMID: 36319331 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The newly operating near-backscattering imaging (NBI) system on the Laser MegaJoule (LMJ) is briefly described with emphasis on the temporally resolved measurements and their synchronization with the LMJ laser pulse through target shots taken as part of the diagnostic commissioning campaign. The NBI measures the stimulated Brillouin and Raman scattered light around two quadruplets (one inner and one outer) of the upper LMJ hemisphere. The temporal resolution is achieved with a unique system: a specifically designed wide-open optical lens images 40 points of a diffuser onto an array of optical fibers with the scattered light recorded on a multiplexed photodiode array.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V Drouet
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - C Chollet
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - P Cornet
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | | | | | - P Prunet
- CEA, DAM, CESTA, F33114 Le Barp, France
| | | | - R Diaz
- CEA, DAM, CESTA, F33114 Le Barp, France
| | | | - R Wrobel
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
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4
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Follett RK, Wen H, Froula DH, Turnbull D, Palastro JP. Independent-hot-spot approach to multibeam laser-plasma instabilities. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:L063201. [PMID: 35854618 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.l063201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The independent-hot-spot model is used to develop an analytic formulation for multibeam laser-plasma instabilities in inhomogeneous plasmas. The model is applied to the absolute two-plasmon-decay instability and shows good agreement with simulations and experiments. The success of the model indicates the emergence of single-speckle behavior for sufficiently large speckles sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Follett
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - H Wen
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Turnbull
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J P Palastro
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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5
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Zhao X, Yuan XH, Zheng J, Dong YF, Glize K, Zhang YH, Zhang Z, Zhang J. An angular-resolved scattered-light diagnostic for laser-plasma instability studies. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:053505. [PMID: 35649775 DOI: 10.1063/5.0090841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We developed an angular-resolved scattered-light diagnostic station (ARSDS) to extend the study of laser-plasma instabilities (LPIs) by simultaneously diagnosing their features at different angles in a single shot. The ARSDS angularly samples the scattered light using an array of fibers with flexible setups. The collected light is detected with an imaging spectrometer, a streaked spectrometer, or a fiber-optic spectrometer to provide time-integrated/time-resolved spectral information. The ARSDS was implemented at Shenguang-II Upgrade laser facility for the double-cone ignition campaigns. Preliminary results confirm the importance of an angular-resolved detection due to the angular dependence of LPI processes, such as stimulated Raman scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - X H Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - J Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Y F Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - K Glize
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Y H Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - J Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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6
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Xiao CZ, Chen YG, Myatt JF, Wang Q, Chen Y, Liu ZJ, Zheng CY, He XT. Absolute stimulated Brillouin side scattering in an inhomogeneous flowing plasma. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:065203. [PMID: 35030935 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.065203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Theory of absolute stimulated Brillouin side scattering in an inhomogeneous flowing plasma is presented and verified numerically. The linearized coupling equations are transformed into a Schrödinger equation in k space and solved as an eigenvalue problem. Analytic threshold, growth rate, and scattering geometry are obtained for the pump laser with arbitrary incidence angle. Numerical solutions of the coupling equations show good agreements between the theoretical and numerical absolute thresholds when ion-acoustic wave damping is not too large, and thus an old but famous threshold in [Phys. Fluids 17, 1211 (1974)PFLDAS0031-917110.1063/1.1694867] is corrected. It also indicates that the theoretical analysis is not accurate for strong dampings, since it will overestimate the absolute threshold. Possibility of finding such instability in the current experiments is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Z Xiao
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 9211 116 St. NW, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Y G Chen
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - J F Myatt
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 9211 116 St. NW, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Q Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 9211 116 St. NW, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Y Chen
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Z J Liu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100084, China
- HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - C Y Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100084, China
- HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - X T He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100084, China
- HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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7
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Christopherson AR, Betti R, Forrest CJ, Howard J, Theobald W, Delettrez JA, Rosenberg MJ, Solodov AA, Stoeckl C, Patel D, Gopalaswamy V, Cao D, Peebles JL, Edgell DH, Seka W, Epstein R, Wei MS, Gatu Johnson M, Simpson R, Regan SP, Campbell EM. Direct Measurements of DT Fuel Preheat from Hot Electrons in Direct-Drive Inertial Confinement Fusion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:055001. [PMID: 34397224 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hot electrons generated by laser-plasma instabilities degrade the performance of laser-fusion implosions by preheating the DT fuel and reducing core compression. The hot-electron energy deposition in the DT fuel has been directly measured for the first time by comparing the hard x-ray signals between DT-layered and mass-equivalent ablator-only implosions. The electron energy deposition profile in the fuel is inferred through dedicated experiments using Cu-doped payloads of varying thickness. The measured preheat energy accurately explains the areal-density degradation observed in many OMEGA implosions. This technique can be used to assess the viability of the direct-drive approach to laser fusion with respect to the scaling of hot-electron preheat with laser energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Christopherson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Betti
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C J Forrest
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J Howard
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J A Delettrez
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - M J Rosenberg
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - A A Solodov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D Patel
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - V Gopalaswamy
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Cao
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J L Peebles
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D H Edgell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - W Seka
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - R Epstein
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - M S Wei
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Simpson
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S P Regan
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - E M Campbell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
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8
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Rosenberg MJ, Hernandez JE, Butler N, Filkins T, Bahr RE, Jungquist RK, Bedzyk M, Swadling G, Ross JS, Michel P, Lemos N, Eichmiller J, Sommers R, Nyholm P, Boni R, Marozas JA, Craxton RS, McKenty PW, Sharma A, Radha PB, Froula DH, Datte P, Gorman M, Moody JD, Heinmiller JM, Fornes J, Hillyard P, Regan SP. The Scattered Light Time-history Diagnostic suite at the National Ignition Facility. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:033511. [PMID: 33820108 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Scattered Light Time-history Diagnostic (SLTD) is being implemented at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) to greatly expand the angular coverage of absolute scattered-light measurements for direct- and indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments. The SLTD array will ultimately consist of 15 units mounted at a variety of polar and azimuthal angles on the NIF target chamber, complementing the existing NIF backscatter suite. Each SLTD unit collects and diffuses scattered light onto a set of three optical fibers, which transport the light to filtered photodiodes to measure scattered light in different wavelength bands: stimulated Brillouin scattering (350 nm-352 nm), stimulated Raman scattering (430 nm-760 nm), and ω/2 (695 nm-745 nm). SLTD measures scattered light with a time resolution of ∼1 ns and a signal-to-noise ratio of up to 500. Currently, six units are operational and recording data. Measurements of the angular dependence of scattered light will strongly constrain models of laser energy coupling in ICF experiments and allow for a more robust inference of the total laser energy coupled to implosions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Rosenberg
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J E Hernandez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Butler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - T Filkins
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R E Bahr
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R K Jungquist
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Bedzyk
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - G Swadling
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J S Ross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P Michel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Lemos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Eichmiller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Sommers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P Nyholm
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Boni
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J A Marozas
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R S Craxton
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - P W McKenty
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Sharma
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - P B Radha
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - P Datte
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Gorman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J D Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J M Heinmiller
- Nevada National Security Site, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J Fornes
- Nevada National Security Site, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - P Hillyard
- Nevada National Security Site, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - S P Regan
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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9
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Gao Y, Ji L, Zhao X, Cui Y, Rao D, Feng W, Xia L, Liu D, Wang T, Shi H, Li F, Liu J, Pengyuan D, Li X, Liu J, Zhang T, Shan C, Hua Y, Ma W, Sui Z, Zhu J, Pei W, Fu S, Sun X, Chen X. High-power, low-coherence laser driver facility. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:6839-6842. [PMID: 33325909 DOI: 10.1364/ol.412197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the first (to the best of our knowledge) high-power, low-coherence Nd:glass laser delivering kilojoule pulses with a coherent time of 249 fs and a bandwidth of 13 nm, achieving the 63%-efficiency second-harmonic conversion of the large-aperture low-coherence pulse and good beam smoothing effect. It provides a new type of laser driver for laser plasma interaction and high energy density physics research.
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10
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Yang SJ, Zhuo HB, Yin Y, Liu ZJ, Zheng CY, He XT, Xiao CZ. Growth and saturation of stimulated Raman scattering in two overlapping laser beams. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:013205. [PMID: 32795067 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.013205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are presented of the linear and nonlinear developments of stimulated Raman scattering in two overlapping laser beams. The development of the most unstable mode in the linear stage is consistent with a previous paper [C. Z. Xiao et al., Phys. Plasmas 26, 062109 (2019)PHPAEN1070-664X10.1063/1.5096850] where SL mode (two beams share a common scattered light) is dominant in the overlapping region. This mode is enhanced with plasma density and correlation of beam polarizations. When lasers are cross-polarized, it backs to the single-beam Raman backscattering with weak intensity. Trapping-induced nonlinear frequency shift leads to the saturation of SL mode by detuning the coupling and broadening the spectrum. An interesting result that SL mode becomes stronger as the incidence angle increases is contrary to the theoretical prediction and it is a consequence of less efficient saturation in the nonlinear stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Yang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - H B Zhuo
- Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Y Yin
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Z J Liu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100084, China.,HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - C Y Zheng
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100084, China.,HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - X T He
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100084, China.,HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - C Z Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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11
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Cao SH, Yan R, Wen H, Li J, Ren C. Cogeneration of hot electrons from multiple laser-plasma instabilities. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:053205. [PMID: 32575279 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.053205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Interactions of two-plasmon decay (TPD) and side-stimulated Raman scattering (SSRS) were studied using three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations under inertial-confinement-fusion-relevant conditions for linearly and circularly polarized lasers. In the linear stage, SSRS took place under n_{e}=0.235n_{c} and TPD dominated near the quarter-critical density surface and their growth rates agreed with theory. In the nonlinear stage, SSRS reduced TPD through pump depletion. Hot electrons were found to be first accelerated by SSRS plasma waves and then by TPD plasma waves through a cogeneration mechanism. Compared to the linearly polarized case with the same laser intensity, both SSRS and TPD were reduced due to the lower laser amplitude in the circularly polarized case. As a result, a 30% decrease in hot electron flux was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Cao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - R Yan
- Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - H Wen
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J Li
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C Ren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.,Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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12
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Follett RK, Shaw JG, Myatt JF, Froula DH, Palastro JP. Multibeam absolute stimulated Raman scattering and two-plasmon decay. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:043214. [PMID: 32422790 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.043214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Multibeam absolute instability thresholds for stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and two-plasmon decay (TPD) are calculated in three dimensions for conditions relevant to direct-drive inertial confinement fusion experiments on the OMEGA laser and at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Although multibeam effects are found to be significant for both instabilities, SRS is found to have less efficient multibeam coupling than TPD. The results are consistent with the observation of a TPD-dominated regime on the OMEGA laser and a SRS-dominated regime on the NIF despite the single-beam SRS threshold being lower than the single-beam TPD threshold on both facilities. The minimum instability threshold for NIF plasma parameters occurs for SRS near quarter-critical densities with a shared electromagnetic wave propagating along the beam axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Follett
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester New York 14623, USA
| | - J G Shaw
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester New York 14623, USA
| | - J F Myatt
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta, 9211 116th St. NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester New York 14623, USA
| | - J P Palastro
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester New York 14623, USA
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13
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Ji L, Zhao X, Liu D, Gao Y, Cui Y, Rao D, Feng W, Li F, Shi H, Liu J, Li X, Xia L, Wang T, Liu J, Du P, Sun X, Ma W, Sui Z, Chen X. High-efficiency second-harmonic generation of low-temporal-coherent light pulse. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:4359-4362. [PMID: 31465402 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.004359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The nonlinear frequency conversion of low-temporal-coherent light holds a variety of applications and has attracted considerable interest. However, its physical mechanism remains relatively unexplored, and the conversion efficiency and bandwidth are extremely insufficient. Here, considering the instantaneous broadband characteristics, we establish a model of second-harmonic generation (SHG) of a low-temporal-coherent pulse and reveal its differences from the coherent conditions. It is found that the second-harmonic spectrum distribution is proportional to the self-convolution of that of a fundamental wave. Because of this, we propose a method for realizing low-temporal-coherent SHG with high efficiency and broad bandwidth, and experimentally demonstrate a conversion efficiency up to 70% with a bandwidth of 3.1 THz (2.9 nm centered at 528 nm). To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest efficiency and broadest bandwidth of low-temporal-coherent SHG to date. Our research opens the door for the study of low-coherent nonlinear optical processes.
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14
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Michel P, Rosenberg MJ, Seka W, Solodov AA, Short RW, Chapman T, Goyon C, Lemos N, Hohenberger M, Moody JD, Regan SP, Myatt JF. Theory and measurements of convective Raman side scatter in inertial confinement fusion experiments. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:033203. [PMID: 30999431 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.033203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Raman side scatter, whereby scattered light is resonant while propagating perpendicularly to a density gradient in a plasma, was identified experimentally in planar-target experiments at the National Ignition Facility at intensities orders of magnitudes below the threshold for absolute instability. We have derived a new theoretical description of convective Raman side scatter below the absolute threshold, validated by numerical simulations. We show that inertial confinement fusion experiments at full ignition scale, i.e., with mm-scale spot sizes and density scale lengths, are prone to increased coupling losses from Raman side scatter as the instability can extend from the absolute regime near the quarter-critical density to the convective regime at lower electron densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Michel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - M J Rosenberg
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14623-1299, USA
| | - W Seka
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14623-1299, USA
| | - A A Solodov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14623-1299, USA
| | - R W Short
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14623-1299, USA
| | - T Chapman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - C Goyon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - N Lemos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - M Hohenberger
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - J D Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - S P Regan
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14623-1299, USA
| | - J F Myatt
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14623-1299, USA
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15
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Aboushelbaya R, Savin AF, Ceurvorst L, Sadler J, Norreys PA, Davies AS, Froula DH, Boyle A, Galimberti M, Oliveira P, Parry B, Katzir Y, Glize K. Single-shot frequency-resolved optical gating for retrieving the pulse shape of high energy picosecond pulses. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:103509. [PMID: 30399934 DOI: 10.1063/1.5044526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Accurate characterization of laser pulses used in experiments is a crucial step to the analysis of their results. In this paper, a novel single-shot frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) device is described, one that incorporates a dispersive element which allows it to fully characterize pulses up to 25 ps in duration with a 65 fs per pixel temporal resolution. A newly developed phase retrieval routine based on memetic algorithms is implemented and shown to circumvent the stagnation problem that often occurs with traditional FROG analysis programs when they encounter a local minimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Aboushelbaya
- Clarendon Laboratory, Unversity of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - A F Savin
- Clarendon Laboratory, Unversity of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - L Ceurvorst
- Clarendon Laboratory, Unversity of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - J Sadler
- Clarendon Laboratory, Unversity of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - P A Norreys
- Clarendon Laboratory, Unversity of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - A S Davies
- Physics Department and Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14636, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Physics Department and Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14636, USA
| | - A Boyle
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - M Galimberti
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - P Oliveira
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - B Parry
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Y Katzir
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - K Glize
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
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16
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Rosenberg MJ, Solodov AA, Myatt JF, Seka W, Michel P, Hohenberger M, Short RW, Epstein R, Regan SP, Campbell EM, Chapman T, Goyon C, Ralph JE, Barrios MA, Moody JD, Bates JW. Origins and Scaling of Hot-Electron Preheat in Ignition-Scale Direct-Drive Inertial Confinement Fusion Experiments. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:055001. [PMID: 29481170 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Planar laser-plasma interaction (LPI) experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) have allowed access for the first time to regimes of electron density scale length (∼500 to 700 μm), electron temperature (∼3 to 5 keV), and laser intensity (6 to 16×10^{14} W/cm^{2}) that are relevant to direct-drive inertial confinement fusion ignition. Unlike in shorter-scale-length plasmas on OMEGA, scattered-light data on the NIF show that the near-quarter-critical LPI physics is dominated by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) rather than by two-plasmon decay (TPD). This difference in regime is explained based on absolute SRS and TPD threshold considerations. SRS sidescatter tangential to density contours and other SRS mechanisms are observed. The fraction of laser energy converted to hot electrons is ∼0.7% to 2.9%, consistent with observed levels of SRS. The intensity threshold for hot-electron production is assessed, and the use of a Si ablator slightly increases this threshold from ∼4×10^{14} to ∼6×10^{14} W/cm^{2}. These results have significant implications for mitigation of LPI hot-electron preheat in direct-drive ignition designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Rosenberg
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A A Solodov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J F Myatt
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - W Seka
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - P Michel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Hohenberger
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R W Short
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Epstein
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S P Regan
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - E M Campbell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - T Chapman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C Goyon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J E Ralph
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M A Barrios
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J D Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J W Bates
- U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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17
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Artemyev AV, Neishtadt AI, Vasiliev AA, Mourenas D. Probabilistic approach to nonlinear wave-particle resonant interaction. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:023204. [PMID: 28297839 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.023204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we provide a theoretical model describing the evolution of the charged-particle distribution function in a system with nonlinear wave-particle interactions. Considering a system with strong electrostatic waves propagating in an inhomogeneous magnetic field, we demonstrate that individual particle motion can be characterized by the probability of trapping into the resonance with the wave and by the efficiency of scattering at resonance. These characteristics, being derived for a particular plasma system, can be used to construct a kinetic equation (or generalized Fokker-Planck equation) modeling the long-term evolution of the particle distribution. In this equation, effects of charged-particle trapping and transport in phase space are simulated with a nonlocal operator. We demonstrate that solutions of the derived kinetic equations agree with results of test-particle tracing. The applicability of the proposed approach for the description of space and laboratory plasma systems is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Artemyev
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - A I Neishtadt
- Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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18
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Lan K, Li Z, Xie X, Chen YH, Zheng C, Zhai C, Hao L, Yang D, Huo WY, Ren G, Peng X, Xu T, Li Y, Li S, Yang Z, Guo L, Hou L, Liu Y, Wei H, Liu X, Cha W, Jiang X, Mei Y, Li Y, Deng K, Yuan Z, Zhan X, Zhang H, Jiang B, Zhang W, Deng X, Liu J, Du K, Ding Y, Wei X, Zheng W, Chen X, Campbell EM, He XT. Experimental demonstration of low laser-plasma instabilities in gas-filled spherical hohlraums at laser injection angle designed for ignition target. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:031202. [PMID: 28415291 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.031202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Octahedral spherical hohlraums with a single laser ring at an injection angle of 55^{∘} are attractive concepts for laser indirect drive due to the potential for achieving the x-ray drive symmetry required for high convergence implosions. Laser-plasma instabilities, however, are a concern given the long laser propagation path in such hohlraums. Significant stimulated Raman scattering has been observed in cylindrical hohlraums with similar laser propagation paths during the ignition campaign on the National Ignition Facility (NIF). In this Rapid Communication, experiments demonstrating low levels of laser-driven plasma instability (LPI) in spherical hohlraums with a laser injection angle of 55^{∘} are reported and compared to that observed with cylindrical hohlraums with injection angles of 28.5^{∘} and 55^{∘}, similar to that of the NIF. Significant LPI is observed with the laser injection of 28.5^{∘} in the cylindrical hohlraum where the propagation path is similar to the 55^{∘} injection angle for the spherical hohlraum. The experiments are performed on the SGIII laser facility with a total 0.35-μm incident energy of 93 kJ in a 3 nsec pulse. These experiments demonstrate the role of hohlraum geometry in LPI and demonstrate the need for systematic experiments for choosing the optimal configuration for ignition studies with indirect drive inertial confinement fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lan
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Xufei Xie
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yao-Hua Chen
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Chunyang Zheng
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Chuanlei Zhai
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Liang Hao
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Wen Yi Huo
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Guoli Ren
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Xiaoshi Peng
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yulong Li
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Sanwei Li
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Zhiwen Yang
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Lifei Hou
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yonggang Liu
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Huiyue Wei
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Xiangming Liu
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Weiyi Cha
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yu Mei
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yukun Li
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Keli Deng
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Zheng Yuan
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Xiayu Zhan
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Baibin Jiang
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Xuewei Deng
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Kai Du
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yongkun Ding
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wei
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Wanguo Zheng
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - E M Campbell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Xian-Tu He
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
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19
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MacPhee AG, Casey DT, Clark DS, Felker S, Field JE, Haan SW, Hammel BA, Kroll J, Landen OL, Martinez DA, Michel P, Milovich J, Moore A, Nikroo A, Rice N, Robey HF, Smalyuk VA, Stadermann M, Weber CR. X-ray shadow imprint of hydrodynamic instabilities on the surface of inertial confinement fusion capsules by the fuel fill tube. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:031204. [PMID: 28415208 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.031204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of hydrodynamic instability growth for a high-density carbon ablator for indirectly driven inertial confinement fusion implosions on the National Ignition Facility are reported. We observe significant unexpected features on the capsule surface created by shadows of the capsule fill tube, as illuminated by laser-irradiated x-ray spots on the hohlraum wall. These shadows increase the spatial size and shape of the fill tube perturbation in a way that can significantly degrade performance in layered implosions compared to previous expectations. The measurements were performed at a convergence ratio of ∼2 using in-flight x-ray radiography. The initial seed due to shadow imprint is estimated to be equivalent to ∼50-100 nm of solid ablator material. This discovery has prompted the need for a mitigation strategy for future inertial confinement fusion designs as proposed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G MacPhee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D T Casey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D S Clark
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Felker
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J E Field
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S W Haan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B A Hammel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Kroll
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - O L Landen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D A Martinez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P Michel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Milovich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A Moore
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A Nikroo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Rice
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
| | - H F Robey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - V A Smalyuk
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Stadermann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C R Weber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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20
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Depierreux S, Neuville C, Baccou C, Tassin V, Casanova M, Masson-Laborde PE, Borisenko N, Orekhov A, Colaitis A, Debayle A, Duchateau G, Heron A, Huller S, Loiseau P, Nicolaï P, Pesme D, Riconda C, Tran G, Bahr R, Katz J, Stoeckl C, Seka W, Tikhonchuk V, Labaune C. Experimental Investigation of the Collective Raman Scattering of Multiple Laser Beams in Inhomogeneous Plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:235002. [PMID: 27982626 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.235002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Experiments have been performed evidencing significant stimulated Raman sidescattering (SRS) at large angles from the density gradient. This was achieved in long scale-length high-temperature plasmas in which two beams couple to the same scattered electromagnetic wave further demonstrating for the first time this multiple-beam collective SRS interaction. The collective nature of the coupling and the amplification at large angles from the density gradient increase the global SRS losses and produce light scattered in novel directions out of the planes of incidence of the beams. These findings obtained in plasmas conditions relevant of inertial confinement fusion experiments similarly apply to the more complex geometry of these experiments where anomalously large levels of SRS were measured.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - C Baccou
- LULI, UMR 7605 CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - V Tassin
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | | | | | - N Borisenko
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, 53 Leninskii Prospect, Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - A Orekhov
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, 53 Leninskii Prospect, Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - A Colaitis
- University of Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, CELIA, F-33405 Talence cedex, France
| | - A Debayle
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - G Duchateau
- University of Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, CELIA, F-33405 Talence cedex, France
| | - A Heron
- Centre de Physique Théorique, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - S Huller
- Centre de Physique Théorique, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - P Loiseau
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - P Nicolaï
- University of Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, CELIA, F-33405 Talence cedex, France
| | - D Pesme
- Centre de Physique Théorique, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - C Riconda
- LULI, UMR 7605 CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - G Tran
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - R Bahr
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - W Seka
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - V Tikhonchuk
- University of Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, CELIA, F-33405 Talence cedex, France
| | - C Labaune
- LULI, UMR 7605 CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
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21
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Dewald EL, Hartemann F, Michel P, Milovich J, Hohenberger M, Pak A, Landen OL, Divol L, Robey HF, Hurricane OA, Döppner T, Albert F, Bachmann B, Meezan NB, MacKinnon AJ, Callahan D, Edwards MJ. Generation and Beaming of Early Hot Electrons onto the Capsule in Laser-Driven Ignition Hohlraums. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:075003. [PMID: 26943541 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.075003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In hohlraums for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions on the National Ignition Facility, suprathermal hot electrons, generated by laser plasma instabilities early in the laser pulse ("picket") while blowing down the laser entrance hole (LEH) windows, can preheat the capsule fuel. Hard x-ray imaging of a Bi capsule surrogate and of the hohlraum emissions, in conjunction with the measurement of time-resolved bremsstrahlung spectra, allows us to uncover for the first time the directionality of these hot electrons and infer the capsule preheat. Data and Monte Carlo calculations indicate that for most experiments the hot electrons are emitted nearly isotropically from the LEH. However, we have found cases where a significant fraction of the generated electrons are emitted in a collimated beam directly towards the capsule poles, where their local energy deposition is up to 10× higher than the average preheat value and acceptable levels for ICF implosions. The observed "beaming" is consistent with a recently unveiled multibeam stimulated Raman scattering model [P. Michel et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 055003 (2015)], where laser beams in a cone drive a common plasma wave on axis. Finally, we demonstrate that we can control the amount of generated hot electrons by changing the laser pulse shape and hohlraum plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Dewald
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - F Hartemann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P Michel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Milovich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Hohenberger
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Pak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - O L Landen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - L Divol
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - H F Robey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - O A Hurricane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - T Döppner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - F Albert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B Bachmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N B Meezan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A J MacKinnon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Callahan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M J Edwards
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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