1
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Bouchard F, Fenwick K, Bonsma-Fisher K, England D, Bustard PJ, Heshami K, Sussman B. Programmable Photonic Quantum Circuits with Ultrafast Time-Bin Encoding. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:090601. [PMID: 39270170 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.090601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
We propose a quantum information processing platform that utilizes the ultrafast time-bin encoding of photons. This approach offers a pathway to scalability by leveraging the inherent phase stability of collinear temporal interferometric networks at the femtosecond-to-picosecond timescale. The proposed architecture encodes information in ultrafast temporal bins processed using optically induced nonlinearities and birefringent materials while keeping photons in a single spatial mode. We demonstrate the potential for scalable photonic quantum information processing through two independent experiments that showcase the platform's programmability and scalability, respectively. The scheme's programmability is demonstrated in the first experiment, where we successfully program 362 different unitary transformations in up to eight dimensions in a temporal circuit. In the second experiment, we show the scalability of ultrafast time-bin encoding by building a passive optical network, with increasing circuit depth, of up to 36 optical modes. In each experiment, fidelities exceed 97%, while the interferometric phase remains passively stable for several days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate Fenwick
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Advanced Research Complex, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Khabat Heshami
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Advanced Research Complex, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Benjamin Sussman
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Advanced Research Complex, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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2
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Lyu N, Bergold P, Soley MB, Wang C, Batista VS. Holographic Gaussian Boson Sampling with Matrix Product States on 3D cQED Processors. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:6402-6413. [PMID: 38968605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
We introduce quantum circuits for simulations of multimode state vectors on 3D circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) processors using matrix product state representations. The circuits are demonstrated as applied to simulations of molecular docking based on holographic Gaussian boson sampling (GBS), as illustrated for the binding of a thiol-containing aryl sulfonamide ligand to the tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme receptor. We show that cQED devices with a modest number of modes could be employed to simulate multimode systems by repurposing working modes through measurement and reinitialization. We anticipate that a wide range of GBS applications could be implemented on compact 3D cQED processors analogously using the holographic approach. Simulations on qubit-based quantum computers could be implemented analogously using circuits that represent continuous variables in terms of truncated expansions of Fock states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyi Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Paul Bergold
- Department of Mathematics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K
| | - Micheline B Soley
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Victor S Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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3
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Carosini L, Oddi V, Giorgino F, Hansen LM, Seron B, Piacentini S, Guggemos T, Agresti I, Loredo JC, Walther P. Programmable multiphoton quantum interference in a single spatial mode. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj0993. [PMID: 38640248 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj0993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The interference of nonclassical states of light enables quantum-enhanced applications reaching from metrology to computation. Most commonly, the polarization or spatial location of single photons are used as addressable degrees of freedom for turning these applications into praxis. However, the scale-up for the processing of a large number of photons of these architectures is very resource-demanding due to the rapidly increasing number of components, such as optical elements, photon sources, and detectors. Here, we demonstrate a resource-efficient architecture for multiphoton processing based on time-bin encoding in a single spatial mode. We use an efficient quantum dot single-photon source and a fast programmable time-bin interferometer to observe the interference of up to eight photons in 16 modes, all recorded only with one detector, thus considerably reducing the physical overhead previously needed for achieving equivalent tasks. Our results can form the basis for a future universal photonics quantum processor operating in a single spatial mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Carosini
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics,Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photonic Quantum Computer, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Virginia Oddi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Giorgino
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics,Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photonic Quantum Computer, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena M Hansen
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics,Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photonic Quantum Computer, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benoit Seron
- Quantum Information and Communication, Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles, CP 165/59, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simone Piacentini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Tobias Guggemos
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics,Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photonic Quantum Computer, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Remote Sensing Technology Institute, German Aerospace Center DLR, Münchener Straße 20, 82234 Weßling, Germany
| | - Iris Agresti
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics,Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Juan C Loredo
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics,Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photonic Quantum Computer, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philip Walther
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics,Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photonic Quantum Computer, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- University of Vienna, Research Network for Quantum Aspects of Space Time (TURIS), Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI) Vienna, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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4
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Deng YH, Gu YC, Liu HL, Gong SQ, Su H, Zhang ZJ, Tang HY, Jia MH, Xu JM, Chen MC, Qin J, Peng LC, Yan J, Hu Y, Huang J, Li H, Li Y, Chen Y, Jiang X, Gan L, Yang G, You L, Li L, Zhong HS, Wang H, Liu NL, Renema JJ, Lu CY, Pan JW. Gaussian Boson Sampling with Pseudo-Photon-Number-Resolving Detectors and Quantum Computational Advantage. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:150601. [PMID: 37897783 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.150601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
We report new Gaussian boson sampling experiments with pseudo-photon-number-resolving detection, which register up to 255 photon-click events. We consider partial photon distinguishability and develop a more complete model for the characterization of the noisy Gaussian boson sampling. In the quantum computational advantage regime, we use Bayesian tests and correlation function analysis to validate the samples against all current classical spoofing mockups. Estimating with the best classical algorithms to date, generating a single ideal sample from the same distribution on the supercomputer Frontier would take ∼600 yr using exact methods, whereas our quantum computer, Jiǔzhāng 3.0, takes only 1.27 μs to produce a sample. Generating the hardest sample from the experiment using an exact algorithm would take Frontier∼3.1×10^{10} yr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Deng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Yi-Chao Gu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Hua-Liang Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Si-Qiu Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Hao Su
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Zhi-Jiong Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Hao-Yang Tang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Meng-Hao Jia
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jia-Min Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Ming-Cheng Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Li-Chao Peng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jiarong Yan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Micro system and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Micro system and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Department of Computer Science and Technology and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yaojian Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Technology and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Lin Gan
- Department of Computer Science and Technology and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangwen Yang
- Department of Computer Science and Technology and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lixing You
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Micro system and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Li Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Han-Sen Zhong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Nai-Le Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jelmer J Renema
- Adaptive Quantum Optics Group, Mesa+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Chao-Yang Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shenzhen 518054, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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5
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Yu S, Zhong ZP, Fang Y, Patel RB, Li QP, Liu W, Li Z, Xu L, Sagona-Stophel S, Mer E, Thomas SE, Meng Y, Li ZP, Yang YZ, Wang ZA, Guo NJ, Zhang WH, Tranmer GK, Dong Y, Wang YT, Tang JS, Li CF, Walmsley IA, Guo GC. A universal programmable Gaussian boson sampler for drug discovery. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 3:839-848. [PMID: 38177757 PMCID: PMC10768638 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-023-00526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) has the potential to solve complex graph problems, such as clique finding, which is relevant to drug discovery tasks. However, realizing the full benefits of quantum enhancements requires large-scale quantum hardware with universal programmability. Here we have developed a time-bin-encoded GBS photonic quantum processor that is universal, programmable and software-scalable. Our processor features freely adjustable squeezing parameters and can implement arbitrary unitary operations with a programmable interferometer. Leveraging our processor, we successfully executed clique finding on a 32-node graph, achieving approximately twice the success probability compared to classical sampling. As proof of concept, we implemented a versatile quantum drug discovery platform using this GBS processor, enabling molecular docking and RNA-folding prediction tasks. Our work achieves GBS circuitry with its universal and programmable architecture, advancing GBS toward use in real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Yu
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Zhi-Peng Zhong
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Raj B Patel
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Qing-Peng Li
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenghao Li
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Liang Xu
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Steven Sagona-Stophel
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ewan Mer
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah E Thomas
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yu Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan-Ze Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhao-An Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Nai-Jie Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Geoffrey K Tranmer
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ying Dong
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Jian-Shun Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Chuan-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Ian A Walmsley
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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6
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Yonezu K, Enomoto Y, Yoshida T, Takeda S. Time-Domain Universal Linear-Optical Operations for Universal Quantum Information Processing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:040601. [PMID: 37566866 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate universal and programmable three-mode linear-optical operations in the time domain by realizing a scalable dual-loop optical circuit suitable for universal quantum information processing (QIP). The programmability, validity, and deterministic operation of our circuit are demonstrated by performing nine different three-mode operations on squeezed-state pulses, fully characterizing the outputs with variable measurements, and confirming their entanglement. Our circuit can be scaled up just by making the outer loop longer and also extended to universal quantum computers by incorporating feed forward systems. Thus, our work paves the way to large-scale universal optical QIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Yonezu
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yutaro Enomoto
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takato Yoshida
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Takeda
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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7
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Švarc V, Nováková M, Dudka M, Ježek M. Sub-0.1 degree phase locking of a single-photon interferometer. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:12562-12571. [PMID: 37157413 DOI: 10.1364/oe.480569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We report a single-photon Mach-Zehnder interferometer stabilized to a phase precision of 0.05 degrees over 15 hours. To lock the phase, we employ an auxiliary reference light at a different wavelength than the quantum signal. The developed phase locking operates continuously, with negligible crosstalk, and for an arbitrary phase of the quantum signal. Moreover, its performance is independent of intensity fluctuations of the reference. Since the presented method can be used in a vast majority of quantum interferometric networks it can significantly improve phase-sensitive applications in quantum communication and quantum metrology.
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8
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Wang XW, Zhou WH, Fu YX, Gao J, Lu YH, Chang YJ, Qiao LF, Ren RJ, Jiang ZK, Jiao ZQ, Nikolopoulos GM, Jin XM. Experimental Boson Sampling Enabling Cryptographic One-Way Function. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:060802. [PMID: 36827576 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.060802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Boson sampling is a computational problem, which is commonly believed to be a representative paradigm for attaining the milestone of quantum advantage. So far, massive efforts have been made to the experimental large-scale boson sampling for demonstrating this milestone, while further applications of the machines remain a largely unexplored area. Here, we investigate experimentally the efficiency and security of a cryptographic one-way function that relies on coarse-grained boson sampling, in the framework of a photonic boson-sampling machine fabricated by a femtosecond laser direct writing technique. Our findings demonstrate that the implementation of the function requires moderate sample sizes, which can be over 4 orders of magnitude smaller than the ones predicted by the Chernoff bound; whereas for numbers of photons n≥3 and bins d∼poly(m,n), the same output of the function cannot be generated by nonboson samplers. Our Letter is the first experimental study that deals with the potential applications of boson sampling in the field of cryptography and paves the way toward additional studies in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Wang
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- TuringQ Company, Ltd., Shanghai 200240, China
- Chip Hub for Integrated Photonics Xplore (CHIPX), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhou
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- TuringQ Company, Ltd., Shanghai 200240, China
- Chip Hub for Integrated Photonics Xplore (CHIPX), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Fu
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- TuringQ Company, Ltd., Shanghai 200240, China
- Chip Hub for Integrated Photonics Xplore (CHIPX), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- TuringQ Company, Ltd., Shanghai 200240, China
- Chip Hub for Integrated Photonics Xplore (CHIPX), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Yong-Heng Lu
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- TuringQ Company, Ltd., Shanghai 200240, China
- Chip Hub for Integrated Photonics Xplore (CHIPX), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Yi-Jun Chang
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- TuringQ Company, Ltd., Shanghai 200240, China
- Chip Hub for Integrated Photonics Xplore (CHIPX), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Lu-Feng Qiao
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- TuringQ Company, Ltd., Shanghai 200240, China
- Chip Hub for Integrated Photonics Xplore (CHIPX), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Ruo-Jing Ren
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- TuringQ Company, Ltd., Shanghai 200240, China
- Chip Hub for Integrated Photonics Xplore (CHIPX), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Ze-Kun Jiang
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- TuringQ Company, Ltd., Shanghai 200240, China
- Chip Hub for Integrated Photonics Xplore (CHIPX), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Jiao
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- TuringQ Company, Ltd., Shanghai 200240, China
- Chip Hub for Integrated Photonics Xplore (CHIPX), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | | | - Xian-Min Jin
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- TuringQ Company, Ltd., Shanghai 200240, China
- Chip Hub for Integrated Photonics Xplore (CHIPX), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Wuxi 214000, China
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9
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Tarasov S, Shannon W, Kocharovsky V, Kocharovsky V. Multi-Qubit Bose-Einstein Condensate Trap for Atomic Boson Sampling. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 24:1771. [PMID: 36554176 PMCID: PMC9777779 DOI: 10.3390/e24121771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We propose a multi-qubit Bose-Einstein-condensate (BEC) trap as a platform for studies of quantum statistical phenomena in many-body interacting systems. In particular, it could facilitate testing atomic boson sampling of the excited-state occupations and its quantum advantage over classical computing in a full, controllable and clear way. Contrary to a linear interferometer enabling Gaussian boson sampling of non-interacting non-equilibrium photons, the BEC trap platform pertains to an interacting equilibrium many-body system of atoms. We discuss a basic model and the main features of such a multi-qubit BEC trap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Tarasov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - William Shannon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA
| | - Vladimir Kocharovsky
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Vitaly Kocharovsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA
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10
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Zhang H, Wan L, Haug T, Mok WK, Paesani S, Shi Y, Cai H, Chin LK, Karim MF, Xiao L, Luo X, Gao F, Dong B, Assad S, Kim MS, Laing A, Kwek LC, Liu AQ. Resource-efficient high-dimensional subspace teleportation with a quantum autoencoder. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn9783. [PMID: 36206336 PMCID: PMC9544333 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn9783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quantum autoencoders serve as efficient means for quantum data compression. Here, we propose and demonstrate their use to reduce resource costs for quantum teleportation of subspaces in high-dimensional systems. We use a quantum autoencoder in a compress-teleport-decompress manner and report the first demonstration with qutrits using an integrated photonic platform for future scalability. The key strategy is to compress the dimensionality of input states by erasing redundant information and recover the initial states after chip-to-chip teleportation. Unsupervised machine learning is applied to train the on-chip autoencoder, enabling the compression and teleportation of any state from a high-dimensional subspace. Unknown states are decompressed at a high fidelity (~0.971), obtaining a total teleportation fidelity of ~0.894. Subspace encodings hold great potential as they support enhanced noise robustness and increased coherence. Laying the groundwork for machine learning techniques in quantum systems, our scheme opens previously unidentified paths toward high-dimensional quantum computing and networking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Quantum Science and Engineering Centre (QSec), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Lingxiao Wan
- Quantum Science and Engineering Centre (QSec), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Tobias Haug
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW72AZ, UK
| | - Wai-Keong Mok
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Block S15, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Stefano Paesani
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Yuzhi Shi
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hong Cai
- Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Lip Ket Chin
- Quantum Science and Engineering Centre (QSec), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Muhammad Faeyz Karim
- Quantum Science and Engineering Centre (QSec), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Limin Xiao
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xianshu Luo
- Advanced Micro Foundry, 11 Science Park Road, Singapore 117685 Singapore
| | - Feng Gao
- Advanced Micro Foundry, 11 Science Park Road, Singapore 117685 Singapore
| | - Bin Dong
- Advanced Micro Foundry, 11 Science Park Road, Singapore 117685 Singapore
| | - Syed Assad
- Department of Quantum Science, Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - M. S. Kim
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW72AZ, UK
| | - Anthony Laing
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Leong Chuan Kwek
- Quantum Science and Engineering Centre (QSec), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Block S15, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- National Institute of Education, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616 Singapore
| | - Ai Qun Liu
- Quantum Science and Engineering Centre (QSec), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore
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11
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Zhu C, Marczak M, Feld L, Boehme SC, Bernasconi C, Moskalenko A, Cherniukh I, Dirin D, Bodnarchuk MI, Kovalenko MV, Rainò G. Room-Temperature, Highly Pure Single-Photon Sources from All-Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:3751-3760. [PMID: 35467890 PMCID: PMC9101069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Attaining pure single-photon emission is key for many quantum technologies, from optical quantum computing to quantum key distribution and quantum imaging. The past 20 years have seen the development of several solid-state quantum emitters, but most of them require highly sophisticated techniques (e.g., ultrahigh vacuum growth methods and cryostats for low-temperature operation). The system complexity may be significantly reduced by employing quantum emitters capable of working at room temperature. Here, we present a systematic study across ∼170 photostable single CsPbX3 (X: Br and I) colloidal quantum dots (QDs) of different sizes and compositions, unveiling that increasing quantum confinement is an effective strategy for maximizing single-photon purity due to the suppressed biexciton quantum yield. Leveraging the latter, we achieve 98% single-photon purity (g(2)(0) as low as 2%) from a cavity-free, nonresonantly excited single 6.6 nm CsPbI3 QDs, showcasing the great potential of CsPbX3 QDs as room-temperature highly pure single-photon sources for quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglian Zhu
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Malwina Marczak
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Leon Feld
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Simon C. Boehme
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Bernasconi
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Anastasiia Moskalenko
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ihor Cherniukh
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry Dirin
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Rainò
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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12
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Deshpande A, Mehta A, Vincent T, Quesada N, Hinsche M, Ioannou M, Madsen L, Lavoie J, Qi H, Eisert J, Hangleiter D, Fefferman B, Dhand I. Quantum computational advantage via high-dimensional Gaussian boson sampling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabi7894. [PMID: 34985960 PMCID: PMC8730598 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi7894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Photonics is a promising platform for demonstrating a quantum computational advantage (QCA) by outperforming the most powerful classical supercomputers on a well-defined computational task. Despite this promise, existing proposals and demonstrations face challenges. Experimentally, current implementations of Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) lack programmability or have prohibitive loss rates. Theoretically, there is a comparative lack of rigorous evidence for the classical hardness of GBS. In this work, we make progress in improving both the theoretical evidence and experimental prospects. We provide evidence for the hardness of GBS, comparable to the strongest theoretical proposals for QCA. We also propose a QCA architecture we call high-dimensional GBS, which is programmable and can be implemented with low loss using few optical components. We show that particular algorithms for simulating GBS are outperformed by high-dimensional GBS experiments at modest system sizes. This work thus opens the path to demonstrating QCA with programmable photonic processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Deshpande
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Arthur Mehta
- Xanadu Quantum Technologies, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
- Department of Mathematics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Trevor Vincent
- Xanadu Quantum Technologies, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
| | - Nicolás Quesada
- Xanadu Quantum Technologies, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1JK, Canada
| | - Marcel Hinsche
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marios Ioannou
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Madsen
- Xanadu Quantum Technologies, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
| | | | - Haoyu Qi
- Xanadu Quantum Technologies, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
| | - Jens Eisert
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Hangleiter
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bill Fefferman
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ish Dhand
- Institut für Theoretische Physik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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13
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Lomonte E, Wolff MA, Beutel F, Ferrari S, Schuck C, Pernice WHP, Lenzini F. Single-photon detection and cryogenic reconfigurability in lithium niobate nanophotonic circuits. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6847. [PMID: 34824247 PMCID: PMC8617300 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium-Niobate-On-Insulator (LNOI) is emerging as a promising platform for integrated quantum photonic technologies because of its high second-order nonlinearity and compact waveguide footprint. Importantly, LNOI allows for creating electro-optically reconfigurable circuits, which can be efficiently operated at cryogenic temperature. Their integration with superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) paves the way for realizing scalable photonic devices for active manipulation and detection of quantum states of light. Here we demonstrate integration of these two key components in a low loss (0.2 dB/cm) LNOI waveguide network. As an experimental showcase of our technology, we demonstrate the combined operation of an electrically tunable Mach-Zehnder interferometer and two waveguide-integrated SNSPDs at its outputs. We show static reconfigurability of our system with a bias-drift-free operation over a time of 12 hours, as well as high-speed modulation at a frequency up to 1 GHz. Our results provide blueprints for implementing complex quantum photonic devices on the LNOI platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Lomonte
- Institute of Physics, University of Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany.,CeNTech-Center for Nanotechnology, 48149, Muenster, Germany.,SoN-Center for Soft Nanoscience, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Martin A Wolff
- Institute of Physics, University of Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany.,CeNTech-Center for Nanotechnology, 48149, Muenster, Germany.,SoN-Center for Soft Nanoscience, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Fabian Beutel
- Institute of Physics, University of Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany.,CeNTech-Center for Nanotechnology, 48149, Muenster, Germany.,SoN-Center for Soft Nanoscience, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Simone Ferrari
- Institute of Physics, University of Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany.,CeNTech-Center for Nanotechnology, 48149, Muenster, Germany.,SoN-Center for Soft Nanoscience, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Carsten Schuck
- Institute of Physics, University of Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany.,CeNTech-Center for Nanotechnology, 48149, Muenster, Germany.,SoN-Center for Soft Nanoscience, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Wolfram H P Pernice
- Institute of Physics, University of Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany. .,CeNTech-Center for Nanotechnology, 48149, Muenster, Germany. .,SoN-Center for Soft Nanoscience, 48149, Muenster, Germany.
| | - Francesco Lenzini
- Institute of Physics, University of Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany. .,CeNTech-Center for Nanotechnology, 48149, Muenster, Germany. .,SoN-Center for Soft Nanoscience, 48149, Muenster, Germany.
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14
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Wimmer M, Monika M, Carusotto I, Peschel U, Price HM. Superfluidity of Light and Its Breakdown in Optical Mesh Lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:163901. [PMID: 34723580 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.163901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic phenomena can be observed with light thanks to the analogy between quantum gases and nonlinear optics. In this Letter, we report an experimental study of the superfluid-like properties of light in a (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear optical mesh lattice, where the arrival time of optical pulses plays the role of a synthetic spatial dimension. A spatially narrow defect at rest is used to excite sound waves in the fluid of light and measure the sound speed. The critical velocity for superfluidity is probed by looking at the threshold in the deposited energy by a moving defect, above which the apparent superfluid behavior breaks down. Our observations establish optical mesh lattices as a promising platform to study fluids of light in novel regimes of interdisciplinary interest, including non-Hermitian and/or topological physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wimmer
- Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Optics Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - Monika Monika
- Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Optics Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - Iacopo Carusotto
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, Povo I-38123, Italy
| | - Ulf Peschel
- Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Optics Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - Hannah M Price
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston Park Road, West Midlands B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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15
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Bielak M, Stárek R, Krčmarský V, Mičuda M, Ježek M. Accurate polarization preparation and measurement using twisted nematic liquid crystals. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:33037-33052. [PMID: 34809123 DOI: 10.1364/oe.388675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Generation of particular polarization states of light, encoding information in polarization degree of freedom, and efficient measurement of unknown polarization are the key tasks in optical metrology, optical communications, polarization-sensitive imaging, and photonic information processing. Liquid crystal devices have proved to be indispensable for these tasks, though their limited precision and the requirement of a custom design impose a limit of practical applicability. Here we report fast preparation and detection of polarization states with unprecedented accuracy using liquid-crystal cells extracted from common twisted nematic liquid-crystal displays. To verify the performance of the device we use it to prepare dozens of polarization states with average fidelity 0.999(1) and average angle deviation 0.5(3) deg. Using four-projection minimum tomography as well as six-projection Pauli measurement, we measure polarization states employing the reported device with the average fidelity of 0.999(1). Polarization measurement data are processed by the maximum likelihood method to reach a valid estimate of the polarization state. In addition to the application in classical polarimetry, we also employ the reported liquid-crystal device for full tomographic characterization of a three-mode Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entangled state produced by a photonic quantum processor.
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16
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Steindl P, Snijders H, Westra G, Hissink E, Iakovlev K, Polla S, Frey JA, Norman J, Gossard AC, Bowers JE, Bouwmeester D, Löffler W. Artificial Coherent States of Light by Multiphoton Interference in a Single-Photon Stream. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:143601. [PMID: 33891441 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.143601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coherent optical states consist of a quantum superposition of different photon number (Fock) states, but because they do not form an orthogonal basis, no photon number states can be obtained from it by linear optics. Here we demonstrate the reverse, by manipulating a random continuous single-photon stream using quantum interference in an optical Sagnac loop, we create engineered quantum states of light with tunable photon statistics, including approximate weak coherent states. We demonstrate this experimentally using a true single-photon stream produced by a semiconductor quantum dot in an optical microcavity, and show that we can obtain light with g^{(2)}(0)→1 in agreement with our theory, which can only be explained by quantum interference of at least 3 photons. The produced artificial light states are, however, much more complex than coherent states, containing quantum entanglement of photons, making them a resource for multiphoton entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Steindl
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - H Snijders
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - G Westra
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - E Hissink
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - K Iakovlev
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - S Polla
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J A Frey
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - J Norman
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A C Gossard
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - J E Bowers
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - D Bouwmeester
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - W Löffler
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
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17
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Luiz Zanin G, Jacquet MJ, Spagnolo M, Schiansky P, Calafell IA, Rozema LA, Walther P. Fiber-compatible photonic feed-forward with 99% fidelity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:3425-3437. [PMID: 33770941 DOI: 10.1364/oe.409867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Both photonic quantum computation and the establishment of a quantum internet require fiber-based measurement and feed-forward in order to be compatible with existing infrastructure. Here we present a fiber-compatible scheme for measurement and feed-forward, whose performance is benchmarked by carrying out remote preparation of single-photon polarization states at telecom-wavelengths. The result of a projective measurement on one photon deterministically controls the path a second photon takes with ultrafast optical switches. By placing well-calibrated bulk passive polarization optics in the paths, we achieve a measurement and feed-forward fidelity of (99.0 ± 1)%, after correcting for other experimental errors. Our methods are useful for photonic quantum experiments including computing, communication, and teleportation.
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18
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Schöll E, Schweickert L, Hanschke L, Zeuner KD, Sbresny F, Lettner T, Trivedi R, Reindl M, Covre da Silva SF, Trotta R, Finley JJ, Vučković J, Müller K, Rastelli A, Zwiller V, Jöns KD. Crux of Using the Cascaded Emission of a Three-Level Quantum Ladder System to Generate Indistinguishable Photons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:233605. [PMID: 33337175 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.233605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the degree of indistinguishability of cascaded photons emitted from a three-level quantum ladder system; in our case the biexciton-exciton cascade of semiconductor quantum dots. For the three-level quantum ladder system we theoretically demonstrate that the indistinguishability is inherently limited for both emitted photons and determined by the ratio of the lifetimes of the excited and intermediate states. We experimentally confirm this finding by comparing the quantum interference visibility of noncascaded emission and cascaded emission from the same semiconductor quantum dot. Quantum optical simulations produce very good agreement with the measurements and allow us to explore a large parameter space. Based on our model, we propose photonic structures to optimize the lifetime ratio and overcome the limited indistinguishability of cascaded photon emission from a three-level quantum ladder system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schöll
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucas Schweickert
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lukas Hanschke
- Walter Schottky Institut and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Schellingstr. 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina D Zeuner
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Friedrich Sbresny
- Walter Schottky Institut and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Schellingstr. 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Lettner
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rahul Trivedi
- Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Marcus Reindl
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | | | - Rinaldo Trotta
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Jonathan J Finley
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Schellingstr. 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jelena Vučković
- Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Kai Müller
- Walter Schottky Institut and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Schellingstr. 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Armando Rastelli
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Val Zwiller
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klaus D Jöns
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Zhong HS, Wang H, Deng YH, Chen MC, Peng LC, Luo YH, Qin J, Wu D, Ding X, Hu Y, Hu P, Yang XY, Zhang WJ, Li H, Li Y, Jiang X, Gan L, Yang G, You L, Wang Z, Li L, Liu NL, Lu CY, Pan JW. Quantum computational advantage using photons. SCIENCE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 370:1460-1463. [PMID: 33273064 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe8770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Quantum computers promise to perform certain tasks that are believed to be intractable to classical computers. Boson sampling is such a task and is considered a strong candidate to demonstrate the quantum computational advantage. We performed Gaussian boson sampling by sending 50 indistinguishable single-mode squeezed states into a 100-mode ultralow-loss interferometer with full connectivity and random matrix-the whole optical setup is phase-locked-and sampling the output using 100 high-efficiency single-photon detectors. The obtained samples were validated against plausible hypotheses exploiting thermal states, distinguishable photons, and uniform distribution. The photonic quantum computer, Jiuzhang, generates up to 76 output photon clicks, which yields an output state-space dimension of 1030 and a sampling rate that is faster than using the state-of-the-art simulation strategy and supercomputers by a factor of ~1014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Sen Zhong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yu-Hao Deng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Ming-Cheng Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Li-Chao Peng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yi-Han Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Dian Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Xing Ding
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Department of Computer Science and Technology and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Lin Gan
- Department of Computer Science and Technology and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangwen Yang
- Department of Computer Science and Technology and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lixing You
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Li Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Nai-Le Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Chao-Yang Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China. .,CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China. .,CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
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20
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Nitsche T, De S, Barkhofen S, Meyer-Scott E, Tiedau J, Sperling J, Gábris A, Jex I, Silberhorn C. Local Versus Global Two-Photon Interference in Quantum Networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:213604. [PMID: 33275016 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.213604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We devise an approach to characterizing the intricate interplay between classical and quantum interference of two-photon states in a network, which comprises multiple time-bin modes. By controlling the phases of delocalized single photons, we manipulate the global mode structure, resulting in distinct two-photon interference phenomena for time-bin resolved (local) and time-bucket (global) coincidence detection. This coherent control over the photons' mode structure allows for synthesizing two-photon interference patterns, where local measurements yield standard Hong-Ou-Mandel dips while the global two-photon visibility is governed by the overlap of the delocalized single-photon states. Thus, our experiment introduces a method for engineering distributed quantum interferences in networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nitsche
- Applied Physics, Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Syamsundar De
- Applied Physics, Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Sonja Barkhofen
- Applied Physics, Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Evan Meyer-Scott
- Applied Physics, Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Johannes Tiedau
- Applied Physics, Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Jan Sperling
- Applied Physics, Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Aurél Gábris
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, 115 19 Praha 1-Staré Město, Czech Republic
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Konkoly-Thege M. út 29-33, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Igor Jex
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, 115 19 Praha 1-Staré Město, Czech Republic
| | - Christine Silberhorn
- Applied Physics, Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
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21
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Švarc V, Hloušek J, Nováková M, Fiurášek J, Ježek M. Feedforward-enhanced Fock state conversion with linear optics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:11634-11644. [PMID: 32403670 DOI: 10.1364/oe.385609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Engineering quantum states of light represents a crucial task in the vast majority of photonic quantum technology applications. Direct manipulation of the number of photons in the light signal, such as single-photon subtraction and addition, proved to be an efficient strategy for the task. Here we propose an adaptive multi-photon subtraction scheme where a particular subtraction task is conditioned by all previous subtraction events in order to maximize the probability of successful subtraction. We theoretically illustrate this technique on the model example of conversion of Fock states via photon subtraction. We also experimentally demonstrate the core building block of the proposal by implementing a feedforward-assisted conversion of two-photon state to a single-photon state. Our experiment combines two elementary photon subtraction blocks where the splitting ratio of the second subtraction beam splitter is affected by the measurement result from the first subtraction block in real time using an ultra-fast feedforward loop. The reported optimized photon subtraction scheme applies to a broad range of photonic states, including highly nonclassical Fock states and squeezed light, advancing the photonic quantum toolbox.
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22
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Meyer-Scott E, Silberhorn C, Migdall A. Single-photon sources: Approaching the ideal through multiplexing. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:041101. [PMID: 32357750 PMCID: PMC8078861 DOI: 10.1063/5.0003320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We review the rapid recent progress in single-photon sources based on multiplexing multiple probabilistic photon-creation events. Such multiplexing allows higher single-photon probabilities and lower contamination from higher-order photon states. We study the requirements for multiplexed sources and compare various approaches to multiplexing using different degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Meyer-Scott
- Integrated Quantum Optics, Department of Physics, University of Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Christine Silberhorn
- Integrated Quantum Optics, Department of Physics, University of Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Alan Migdall
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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23
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Jin J, Bourgoin JP, Tannous R, Agne S, Pugh CJ, Kuntz KB, Higgins BL, Jennewein T. Genuine time-bin-encoded quantum key distribution over a turbulent depolarizing free-space channel. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:37214-37223. [PMID: 31878505 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.037214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite its widespread use in fiber optics, encoding quantum information in photonic time-bin states is usually considered impractical for free-space quantum communication as turbulence-induced spatial distortion impedes the analysis of time-bin states at the receiver. Here, we demonstrate quantum key distribution using time-bin photonic states distorted by turbulence and depolarization during free-space transmission. Utilizing a novel analyzer apparatus, we observe stable quantum bit error ratios of 5.32 %, suitable for generating secure keys, despite significant wavefront distortions and polarization fluctuations across a 1.2 km channel. This shows the viability of time-bin quantum communication over long-distance free-space channels, which will simplify direct fiber/free-space interfaces and enable new approaches for practical free-space quantum communication over multi-mode, turbulent, or depolarizing channels.
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24
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Wang H, Qin J, Ding X, Chen MC, Chen S, You X, He YM, Jiang X, You L, Wang Z, Schneider C, Renema JJ, Höfling S, Lu CY, Pan JW. Boson Sampling with 20 Input Photons and a 60-Mode Interferometer in a 10^{14}-Dimensional Hilbert Space. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:250503. [PMID: 31922765 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.250503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Quantum computing experiments are moving into a new realm of increasing size and complexity, with the short-term goal of demonstrating an advantage over classical computers. Boson sampling is a promising platform for such a goal; however, the number of detected single photons is up to five so far, limiting these small-scale implementations to a proof-of-principle stage. Here, we develop solid-state sources of highly efficient, pure, and indistinguishable single photons and 3D integration of ultralow-loss optical circuits. We perform experiments with 20 pure single photons fed into a 60-mode interferometer. In the output, we detect up to 14 photons and sample over Hilbert spaces with a size up to 3.7×10^{14}, over 10 orders of magnitude larger than all previous experiments, which for the first time enters into a genuine sampling regime where it becomes impossible to exhaust all possible output combinations. The results are validated against distinguishable samplers and uniform samplers with a confidence level of 99.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Qin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Ding
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Cheng Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang You
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ming He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - L You
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Z Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - C Schneider
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Instität and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems, Universitat Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jelmer J Renema
- Adaptive Quantum Optics Group, Mesa+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Sven Höfling
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Instität and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems, Universitat Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Chao-Yang Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
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25
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Švarc V, Nováková M, Mazin G, Ježek M. Fully tunable and switchable coupler for photonic routing in quantum detection and modulation. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:5844-5847. [PMID: 31774794 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.005844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photonic routing is a key building block of many optical applications challenging its development. We report a $2\times 2$2×2 photonic coupler with a splitting ratio switchable by a low-voltage electronic signal with 10 GHz bandwidth and tens of nanoseconds latency. The coupler can operate at any splitting ratio ranging from 0:100 to 100:0 with the extinction ratio of 26 dB in optical bandwidth of 1.3 THz. We show sub-nanosecond switching between arbitrary coupling regimes including a balanced 50:50 beam splitter, 0:100 switch, and a photonic tap. The core of the device is based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in a dual-wavelength configuration allowing real-time phase lock with long-term sub-degree stability at single-photon level. Using the reported coupler, we demonstrate for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a perfectly balanced time-multiplexed device for photon-number-resolving detectors and also the active preparation of a photonic temporal qudit state up to four time bins. Verified long-term stable operation of the coupler at the single-photon level makes it suitable for a wide application range in quantum information processing and quantum optics in general.
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26
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Kaneda F, Kwiat PG. High-efficiency single-photon generation via large-scale active time multiplexing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw8586. [PMID: 31620555 PMCID: PMC6777972 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw8586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Deterministic generation of single- and multiphoton states is a key requirement for large-scale optical quantum information and communication applications. While heralded single-photon sources (HSPSs) using nonlinear optical processes have enabled proof-of-principle demonstrations in this area of research, they are not scalable as their probabilistic nature severely limits their generation efficiency. We overcome this limitation by demonstrating a substantial improvement in HSPS efficiency via large-scale time multiplexing. Using an ultra-low loss, adjustable optical delay to multiplex 40 conventional HSPS photon generation processes into each operation cycle, we have observed a factor of 9.7(5) enhancement in efficiency, yielding a 66.7(24)% probability of collecting a single photon with high indistinguishability (90%) into a single-mode fiber per cycle. We also experimentally investigate the trade-off between a high single-photon probability and unwanted multiphoton emission. Upgrading our time-multiplexed source with state-of-the-art HSPS and single-photon detector technologies will enable the generation of >30 coincident photons with unprecedented efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Kaneda
- Corresponding author. (F.K.); (P.G.K.)
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27
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Zhong HS, Peng LC, Li Y, Hu Y, Li W, Qin J, Wu D, Zhang W, Li H, Zhang L, Wang Z, You L, Jiang X, Li L, Liu NL, Dowling JP, Lu CY, Pan JW. Experimental Gaussian Boson sampling. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2019; 64:511-515. [PMID: 36659740 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Gaussian Boson sampling (GBS) provides a highly efficient approach to make use of squeezed states from parametric down-conversion to solve a classically hard-to-solve sampling problem. The GBS protocol not only significantly enhances the photon generation probability, compared to standard Boson sampling with single photon Fock states, but also links to potential applications such as dense subgraph problems and molecular vibronic spectra. Here, we report the first experimental demonstration of GBS using squeezed-state sources with simultaneously high photon indistinguishability and collection efficiency. We implement and validate 3-, 4- and 5-photon GBS with high sampling rates of 832, 163 and 23 kHz, respectively, which is more than 4.4, 12.0, and 29.5 times faster than the previous experiments. Further, we observe a quantum speed-up on a NP-hard optimization problem when comparing with simulated thermal sampler and uniform sampler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Sen Zhong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Li-Chao Peng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Dian Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Lixing You
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Li Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Nai-Le Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jonathan P Dowling
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; NYU-ECNU Institute of Physics at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Chao-Yang Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Brod DJ, Galvão EF, Viggianiello N, Flamini F, Spagnolo N, Sciarrino F. Witnessing Genuine Multiphoton Indistinguishability. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:063602. [PMID: 30822072 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.063602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bosonic interference is a fundamental physical phenomenon, and it is believed to lie at the heart of quantum computational advantage. It is thus necessary to develop practical tools to witness its presence, both for a reliable assessment of a quantum source and for fundamental investigations. Here we describe how linear interferometers can be used to unambiguously witness genuine n-boson indistinguishability. The amount of violation of the proposed witnesses bounds the degree of multiboson indistinguishability, for which we also provide a novel intuitive model using set theory. We experimentally implement this test to bound the degree of three-photon indistinguishability in states we prepare using parametric down-conversion. Our approach results in a convenient tool for practical photonic applications, and may inspire further fundamental advances based on the operational framework we adopt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Brod
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Gal. Milton Tavares de Souza s/n, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24210-340, Brazil
| | - Ernesto F Galvão
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Gal. Milton Tavares de Souza s/n, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24210-340, Brazil
| | - Niko Viggianiello
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Fulvio Flamini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Nicolò Spagnolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Fabio Sciarrino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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29
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Opanchuk B, Rosales-Zárate L, Reid MD, Drummond PD. Robustness of quantum Fourier transform interferometry. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:343-346. [PMID: 30644896 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the effect of decoherence and noise on quantum Fourier transform interferometry, in which a boson sampling photonic network is used to measure optical phase gradients. This novel type of metrology is shown to be robust against phase decoherence. One can also measure gradients using lower-order correlations without substantial degradation. Our results involve the estimation of up to a 100×100 matrix permanent.
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30
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Flamini F, Spagnolo N, Sciarrino F. Photonic quantum information processing: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2019; 82:016001. [PMID: 30421725 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aad5b2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photonic quantum technologies represent a promising platform for several applications, ranging from long-distance communications to the simulation of complex phenomena. Indeed, the advantages offered by single photons do make them the candidate of choice for carrying quantum information in a broad variety of areas with a versatile approach. Furthermore, recent technological advances are now enabling first concrete applications of photonic quantum information processing. The goal of this manuscript is to provide the reader with a comprehensive review of the state of the art in this active field, with a due balance between theoretical, experimental and technological results. When more convenient, we will present significant achievements in tables or in schematic figures, in order to convey a global perspective of the several horizons that fall under the name of photonic quantum information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Flamini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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31
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Singh A, Li Q, Liu S, Yu Y, Lu X, Schneider C, Höfling S, Lawall J, Verma V, Mirin R, Nam SW, Liu J, Srinivasan K. Quantum Frequency Conversion of a Quantum Dot Single-Photon Source on a Nanophotonic Chip. OPTICA 2019; 6:10.1364/optica.6.000563. [PMID: 38496234 PMCID: PMC10941293 DOI: 10.1364/optica.6.000563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Single self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots are promising bright sources of indistinguishable photons for quantum information science. However, their distribution in emission wavelength, due to inhomogeneous broadening inherent to their growth, has limited the ability to create multiple identical sources. Quantum frequency conversion can overcome this issue, particularly if implemented using scalable chip-integrated technologies. Here, we report the first demonstration of quantum frequency conversion of a quantum dot single-photon source on a silicon nanophotonic chip. Single photons from a quantum dot in a micropillar cavity are shifted in wavelength with an on-chip conversion efficiency ≈ 12 %, limited by the linewidth of the quantum dot photons. The intensity autocorrelation function g ( 2 ) ( τ ) for the frequency-converted light is antibunched with g ( 2 ) ( 0 ) = 0.290 ± 0.030 , compared to the before-conversion value g ( 2 ) ( 0 ) = 0.080 ± 0.003 . We demonstrate the suitability of our frequency conversion interface as a resource for quantum dot sources by characterizing its effectiveness across a wide span of input wavelengths (840 nm to 980 nm), and its ability to achieve tunable wavelength shifts difficult to obtain by other approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Singh
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Qing Li
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Shunfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiyuan Lu
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik, Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - John Lawall
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Varun Verma
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Richard Mirin
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Sae Woo Nam
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kartik Srinivasan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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32
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Zhong HS, Li Y, Li W, Peng LC, Su ZE, Hu Y, He YM, Ding X, Zhang W, Li H, Zhang L, Wang Z, You L, Wang XL, Jiang X, Li L, Chen YA, Liu NL, Lu CY, Pan JW. 12-Photon Entanglement and Scalable Scattershot Boson Sampling with Optimal Entangled-Photon Pairs from Parametric Down-Conversion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:250505. [PMID: 30608840 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.250505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Entangled-photon sources with simultaneously near-unity heralding efficiency and indistinguishability are the fundamental elements for scalable photonic quantum technologies. We design and realize a degenerate telecommunication wavelength entangled-photon source from an ultrafast pulsed laser pumped spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC), which shows simultaneously 97% heralding efficiency and 96% indistinguishability between independent single photons without narrow-band filtering. Such a beamlike and frequency-uncorrelated SPDC source allows generation of the first 12-photon genuine entanglement with a state fidelity of 0.572±0.024. We further demonstrate a blueprint of scalable scattershot boson sampling using 12 SPDC sources and a 12×12 mode interferometer for three-, four-, and five-boson sampling, which yields count rates more than 4 orders of magnitude higher than all previous SPDC experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Sen Zhong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Li-Chao Peng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zu-En Su
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yu-Ming He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xing Ding
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Lixing You
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xi-Lin Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Li Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yu-Ao Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Nai-Le Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chao-Yang Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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33
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Optimal photonic indistinguishability tests in multimode networks. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2018; 63:1470-1478. [PMID: 36658828 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Particle indistinguishability is at the heart of quantum statistics that regulates fundamental phenomena such as the electronic band structure of solids, Bose-Einstein condensation and superconductivity. Moreover, it is necessary in practical applications such as linear optical quantum computation and simulation, in particular for Boson Sampling devices. It is thus crucial to develop tools to certify genuine multiphoton interference between multiple sources. Our approach employs the total variation distance to find those transformations that minimize the error probability in discriminating the behaviors of distinguishable and indistinguishable photons. In particular, we show that so-called Sylvester interferometers are near-optimal for this task. By using Bayesian tests and inference, we numerically show that Sylvester transformations largely outperform most Haar-random unitaries in terms of sample size required. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate the efficacy of the transformation using an efficient 3D integrated circuits in the single- and multiple-source cases. We then discuss the extension of this approach to a larger number of photons and modes. These results open the way to the application of Sylvester interferometers for optimal assessment of multiphoton interference experiments.
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34
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Li W, Hu Y, Zhong HS, Wang YF, Wang XL, Peng CZ, Jiang X. Time-tagged coincidence counting unit for large-scale photonic quantum computing. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:103113. [PMID: 30399946 DOI: 10.1063/1.5044250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Real-time analysis of single-photon coincidence is critical in photonic quantum computing. The large channel number and high counting rate foreseen in such experiments pose a big challenge for the conventional time tagged method and coincidence instruments. Here we propose a real-time time-tagged coincidence method and a data filtering solution, demonstrated by a 32-channel coincidence counting unit that has been implemented successfully on a field-programmable gate array system. The unit provides high counting rates, a tunable coincidence window, and a timing resolution of 390 ps. Beyond that, it is feasible to be scaled up to 104 channels and is thus ideally suited for channel consuming applications such as boson sampling. Based on the versatility and scalability the unit has shown, we believe that it is the turn-key solution for many single-photon coincidence counting applications in photonic quantum computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Han-Sen Zhong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yue-Fei Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xi-Lin Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Peng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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35
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Iff O, Lundt N, Betzold S, Tripathi LN, Emmerling M, Tongay S, Lee YJ, Kwon SH, Höfling S, Schneider C. Deterministic coupling of quantum emitters in WSe 2 monolayers to plasmonic nanocavities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:25944-25951. [PMID: 30469688 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.025944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We discuss coupling of site-selectively induced quantum emitters in exfoliated monolayers of WSe2 to plasmonic nanostructures. Gold nanorods of 20 nm-240 nm size, which are arranged in pitches of a few micrometers on a dielectric surface, act as seeds for the formation of quantum emitters in the atomically thin materials. We observe characteristic narrow-band emission signals from the monolayers, which correspond well with the positions of the metallic nanopillars with and without thin dielectric coating. Single photon emission from the emitters is confirmed by autocorrelation measurements, yielding g2(τ = 0) values as low as 0.17. Moreover, we observe a strong co-polarization of our single photon emitters with the frequency matched plasmonic resonances, as a consequence of light-matter coupling. Our work represents a significant step towards the scalable implementation of coupled quantum emitter-resonator systems for highly integrated quantum photonic and plasmonic applications.
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36
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Bell BA, Eggleton BJ. Multiphoton Interference in the Spectral Domain by Direct Heralding of Frequency Superposition States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:033601. [PMID: 30085805 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.033601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton interference is central to photonic quantum information processing and quantum simulation, usually requiring multiple sources of nonclassical light followed by a unitary transformation on their modes. We observe interference in the four-photon events generated by a single silicon waveguide, where the different modes are six frequency channels. Rather than requiring a unitary transformation, the frequency correlations of the source are configured such that photons are generated in superposition states across multiple channels, and interference effects can be seen without further manipulation. The frequency correlations of the source also mean that it is effectively acting as multiple pair photon sources, generating photons in different spectral modes, which interfere with each other in a nontrivial manner. This suggests joint spectral engineering is a tool for controlling complex quantum photonic states without the difficulty of implementing spatially separate sources or a large unitary interferometer, which could have practical benefits in various applications of multiphoton interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryn A Bell
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Eggleton
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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37
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Wang H, Li W, Jiang X, He YM, Li YH, Ding X, Chen MC, Qin J, Peng CZ, Schneider C, Kamp M, Zhang WJ, Li H, You LX, Wang Z, Dowling JP, Höfling S, Lu CY, Pan JW. Toward Scalable Boson Sampling with Photon Loss. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:230502. [PMID: 29932715 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.230502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Boson sampling is a well-defined task that is strongly believed to be intractable for classical computers, but can be efficiently solved by a specific quantum simulator. However, an outstanding problem for large-scale experimental boson sampling is the scalability. Here we report an experiment on boson sampling with photon loss, and demonstrate that boson sampling with a few photons lost can increase the sampling rate. Our experiment uses a quantum-dot-micropillar single-photon source demultiplexed into up to seven input ports of a 16×16 mode ultralow-loss photonic circuit, and we detect three-, four- and fivefold coincidence counts. We implement and validate lossy boson sampling with one and two photons lost, and obtain sampling rates of 187, 13.6, and 0.78 kHz for five-, six-, and seven-photon boson sampling with two photons lost, which is 9.4, 13.9, and 18.0 times faster than the standard boson sampling, respectively. Our experiment shows an approach to significantly enhance the sampling rate of multiphoton boson sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Y-M He
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Y-H Li
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - X Ding
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - M-C Chen
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - J Qin
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - C-Z Peng
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - C Schneider
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Instität and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems, Universitat Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wüzburg, Germany
| | - M Kamp
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Instität and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems, Universitat Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wüzburg, Germany
| | - W-J Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - H Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - L-X You
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Z Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - J P Dowling
- Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Physics at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - S Höfling
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Instität and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems, Universitat Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wüzburg, Germany
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Chao-Yang Lu
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
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38
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Dhand I, Engelkemeier M, Sansoni L, Barkhofen S, Silberhorn C, Plenio MB. Proposal for Quantum Simulation via All-Optically-Generated Tensor Network States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:130501. [PMID: 29694179 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.130501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We devise an all-optical scheme for the generation of entangled multimode photonic states encoded in temporal modes of light. The scheme employs a nonlinear down-conversion process in an optical loop to generate one- and higher-dimensional tensor network states of light. We illustrate the principle with the generation of two different classes of entangled tensor network states and report on a variational algorithm to simulate the ground-state physics of many-body systems. We demonstrate that state-of-the-art optical devices are capable of determining the ground-state properties of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg model. Finally, implementations of the scheme are demonstrated to be robust against realistic losses and mode mismatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Dhand
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
- Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - M Engelkemeier
- Department of Physics and CeOPP, University of Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - L Sansoni
- Department of Physics and CeOPP, University of Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - S Barkhofen
- Department of Physics and CeOPP, University of Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - C Silberhorn
- Department of Physics and CeOPP, University of Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - M B Plenio
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
- Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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39
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Zhang JL, Sun S, Burek MJ, Dory C, Tzeng YK, Fischer KA, Kelaita Y, Lagoudakis KG, Radulaski M, Shen ZX, Melosh NA, Chu S, Lončar M, Vučković J. Strongly Cavity-Enhanced Spontaneous Emission from Silicon-Vacancy Centers in Diamond. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1360-1365. [PMID: 29377701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantum emitters are an integral component for a broad range of quantum technologies, including quantum communication, quantum repeaters, and linear optical quantum computation. Solid-state color centers are promising candidates for scalable quantum optics due to their long coherence time and small inhomogeneous broadening. However, once excited, color centers often decay through phonon-assisted processes, limiting the efficiency of single-photon generation and photon-mediated entanglement generation. Herein, we demonstrate strong enhancement of spontaneous emission rate of a single silicon-vacancy center in diamond embedded within a monolithic optical cavity, reaching a regime in which the excited-state lifetime is dominated by spontaneous emission into the cavity mode. We observe 10-fold lifetime reduction and 42-fold enhancement in emission intensity when the cavity is tuned into resonance with the optical transition of a single silicon-vacancy center, corresponding to 90% of the excited-state energy decay occurring through spontaneous emission into the cavity mode. We also demonstrate the largest coupling strength (g/2π = 4.9 ± 0.3 GHz) and cooperativity (C = 1.4) to date for color-center-based cavity quantum electrodynamics systems, bringing the system closer to the strong coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael J Burek
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhi-Xun Shen
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Nicholas A Melosh
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | | | - Marko Lončar
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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40
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Dusanowski Ł, Holewa P, Maryński A, Musiał A, Heuser T, Srocka N, Quandt D, Strittmatter A, Rodt S, Misiewicz J, Reitzenstein S, Sęk G. Triggered high-purity telecom-wavelength single-photon generation from p-shell-driven InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:31122-31129. [PMID: 29245789 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.031122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental demonstration of triggered single-photon emission at the telecom O-band from In(Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) grown by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy. Micro-photoluminescence excitation experiments allowed us to identify the p-shell excitonic states in agreement with high excitation photoluminescence on the ensemble of QDs. Hereby we drive an O-band-emitting GaAs-based QD into the p-shell states to get a triggered single photon source of high purity. Applying pulsed p-shell resonant excitation results in strong suppression of multiphoton events evidenced by the as measured value of the second-order correlation function at zero delay of 0.03 (and ~0.005 after background correction).
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41
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Huang HL, Zhong HS, Li T, Li FG, Fu XQ, Zhang S, Wang X, Bao WS. Statistical Analysis for Collision-free Boson Sampling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15265. [PMID: 29127408 PMCID: PMC5681584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Boson sampling is strongly believed to be intractable for classical computers but solvable with photons in linear optics, which raises widespread concern as a rapid way to demonstrate the quantum supremacy. However, due to its solution is mathematically unverifiable, how to certify the experimental results becomes a major difficulty in the boson sampling experiment. Here, we develop a statistical analysis scheme to experimentally certify the collision-free boson sampling. Numerical simulations are performed to show the feasibility and practicability of our scheme, and the effects of realistic experimental conditions are also considered, demonstrating that our proposed scheme is experimentally friendly. Moreover, our broad approach is expected to be generally applied to investigate multi-particle coherent dynamics beyond the boson sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Liang Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography, Zhengzhou Information Science and Technology Institute, Henan, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Han-Sen Zhong
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Tan Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography, Zhengzhou Information Science and Technology Institute, Henan, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Feng-Guang Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography, Zhengzhou Information Science and Technology Institute, Henan, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xiang-Qun Fu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography, Zhengzhou Information Science and Technology Institute, Henan, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography, Zhengzhou Information Science and Technology Institute, Henan, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography, Zhengzhou Information Science and Technology Institute, Henan, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Wan-Su Bao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography, Zhengzhou Information Science and Technology Institute, Henan, Zhengzhou, 450000, China. .,CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
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42
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Hamilton CS, Kruse R, Sansoni L, Barkhofen S, Silberhorn C, Jex I. Gaussian Boson Sampling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:170501. [PMID: 29219463 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.170501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Boson sampling has emerged as a tool to explore the advantages of quantum over classical computers as it does not require universal control over the quantum system, which favors current photonic experimental platforms. Here, we introduce Gaussian Boson sampling, a classically hard-to-solve problem that uses squeezed states as a nonclassical resource. We relate the probability to measure specific photon patterns from a general Gaussian state in the Fock basis to a matrix function called the Hafnian, which answers the last remaining question of sampling from Gaussian states. Based on this result, we design Gaussian Boson sampling, a #P hard problem, using squeezed states. This demonstrates that Boson sampling from Gaussian states is possible, with significant advantages in the photon generation probability, compared to existing protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Hamilton
- FNSPE, Czech Technical University in Prague, Brêhová 7, 119 15, Praha 1, Czech Republic
| | - Regina Kruse
- Integrated Quantum Optics, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Linda Sansoni
- Integrated Quantum Optics, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Sonja Barkhofen
- Integrated Quantum Optics, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Christine Silberhorn
- Integrated Quantum Optics, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Igor Jex
- FNSPE, Czech Technical University in Prague, Brêhová 7, 119 15, Praha 1, Czech Republic
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43
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A deterministic quantum dot micropillar single photon source with >65% extraction efficiency based on fluorescence imaging method. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13986. [PMID: 29070846 PMCID: PMC5656632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13433-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report optical positioning of single quantum dots (QDs) in planar distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) cavity with an average position uncertainty of ≈20 nm using an optimized photoluminescence imaging method. We create single-photon sources based on these QDs in determined micropillar cavities. The brightness of the QD fluorescence is greatly enhanced on resonance with the fundamental mode of the cavity, leading to an high extraction efficiency of 68% ± 6% into a lens with numerical aperture of 0.65, and simultaneously exhibiting low multi-photon probability (g(2)(0) = 0.144 ± 0.012) at this collection efficiency.
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44
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Takeda S, Furusawa A. Universal Quantum Computing with Measurement-Induced Continuous-Variable Gate Sequence in a Loop-Based Architecture. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:120504. [PMID: 29341633 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.120504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scalable scheme for optical quantum computing using measurement-induced continuous-variable quantum gates in a loop-based architecture. Here, time-bin-encoded quantum information in a single spatial mode is deterministically processed in a nested loop by an electrically programmable gate sequence. This architecture can process any input state and an arbitrary number of modes with almost minimum resources, and offers a universal gate set for both qubits and continuous variables. Furthermore, quantum computing can be performed fault tolerantly by a known scheme for encoding a qubit in an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space of a single light mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Takeda
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Akira Furusawa
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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