1
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Knaut CM, Suleymanzade A, Wei YC, Assumpcao DR, Stas PJ, Huan YQ, Machielse B, Knall EN, Sutula M, Baranes G, Sinclair N, De-Eknamkul C, Levonian DS, Bhaskar MK, Park H, Lončar M, Lukin MD. Entanglement of nanophotonic quantum memory nodes in a telecom network. Nature 2024; 629:573-578. [PMID: 38750231 PMCID: PMC11096112 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
A key challenge in realizing practical quantum networks for long-distance quantum communication involves robust entanglement between quantum memory nodes connected by fibre optical infrastructure1-3. Here we demonstrate a two-node quantum network composed of multi-qubit registers based on silicon-vacancy (SiV) centres in nanophotonic diamond cavities integrated with a telecommunication fibre network. Remote entanglement is generated by the cavity-enhanced interactions between the electron spin qubits of the SiVs and optical photons. Serial, heralded spin-photon entangling gate operations with time-bin qubits are used for robust entanglement of separated nodes. Long-lived nuclear spin qubits are used to provide second-long entanglement storage and integrated error detection. By integrating efficient bidirectional quantum frequency conversion of photonic communication qubits to telecommunication frequencies (1,350 nm), we demonstrate the entanglement of two nuclear spin memories through 40 km spools of low-loss fibre and a 35-km long fibre loop deployed in the Boston area urban environment, representing an enabling step towards practical quantum repeaters and large-scale quantum networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Knaut
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A Suleymanzade
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Y-C Wei
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D R Assumpcao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - P-J Stas
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Y Q Huan
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - B Machielse
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- AWS Center for Quantum Networking, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E N Knall
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M Sutula
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - G Baranes
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - N Sinclair
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - D S Levonian
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- AWS Center for Quantum Networking, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M K Bhaskar
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- AWS Center for Quantum Networking, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Park
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M Lončar
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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2
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Liu JL, Luo XY, Yu Y, Wang CY, Wang B, Hu Y, Li J, Zheng MY, Yao B, Yan Z, Teng D, Jiang JW, Liu XB, Xie XP, Zhang J, Mao QH, Jiang X, Zhang Q, Bao XH, Pan JW. Creation of memory-memory entanglement in a metropolitan quantum network. Nature 2024; 629:579-585. [PMID: 38750235 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Towards realizing the future quantum internet1,2, a pivotal milestone entails the transition from two-node proof-of-principle experiments conducted in laboratories to comprehensive multi-node set-ups on large scales. Here we report the creation of memory-memory entanglement in a multi-node quantum network over a metropolitan area. We use three independent memory nodes, each of which is equipped with an atomic ensemble quantum memory3 that has telecom conversion, together with a photonic server where detection of a single photon heralds the success of entanglement generation. The memory nodes are maximally separated apart for 12.5 kilometres. We actively stabilize the phase variance owing to fibre links and control lasers. We demonstrate concurrent entanglement generation between any two memory nodes. The memory lifetime is longer than the round-trip communication time. Our work provides a metropolitan-scale testbed for the evaluation and exploration of multi-node quantum network protocols and starts a stage of quantum internet research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Long Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xi-Yu Luo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Chao-Yang Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | | | - Bo Yao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optical and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, China
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Zi Yan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Da Teng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jin-Wei Jiang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optical and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, China
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Xie
- Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qing-He Mao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optical and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, China
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Bao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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3
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Jiang MH, Xue W, He Q, An YY, Zheng X, Xu WJ, Xie YB, Lu Y, Zhu S, Ma XS. Quantum storage of entangled photons at telecom wavelengths in a crystal. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6995. [PMID: 37914741 PMCID: PMC10620411 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum storage and distribution of entanglement are the key ingredients for realizing a global quantum internet. Compatible with existing fiber networks, telecom-wavelength entangled photons and corresponding quantum memories are of central interest. Recently, 167Er3+ ions have been identified as a promising candidate for an efficient telecom quantum memory. However, to date, no storage of entangled photons, the crucial step of quantum memory using these promising ions, 167Er3+, has been reported. Here, we demonstrate the storage and retrieval of the entangled state of two telecom photons generated from an integrated photonic chip. Combining the natural narrow linewidth of the entangled photons and long storage time of 167Er3+ ions, we achieve storage time of 1.936 μs, more than 387 times longer than in previous works. Successful storage of entanglement in the crystal is certified using entanglement witness measurements. These results pave the way for realizing quantum networks based on solid-state devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hao Jiang
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyi Xue
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian He
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Yang An
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Jie Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Bo Xie
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanqing Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Shining Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Song Ma
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, 230088, Hefei, China.
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4
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Krutyanskiy V, Canteri M, Meraner M, Bate J, Krcmarsky V, Schupp J, Sangouard N, Lanyon BP. Telecom-Wavelength Quantum Repeater Node Based on a Trapped-Ion Processor. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:213601. [PMID: 37295084 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.213601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A quantum repeater node is presented based on trapped ions that act as single-photon emitters, quantum memories, and an elementary quantum processor. The node's ability to establish entanglement across two 25-km-long optical fibers independently, then to swap that entanglement efficiently to extend it over both fibers, is demonstrated. The resultant entanglement is established between telecom-wavelength photons at either end of the 50 km channel. Finally, the system improvements to allow for repeater-node chains to establish stored entanglement over 800 km at hertz rates are calculated, revealing a near-term path to distributed networks of entangled sensors, atomic clocks, and quantum processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Krutyanskiy
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstrasse 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Canteri
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstrasse 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Meraner
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstrasse 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Bate
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - V Krcmarsky
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstrasse 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Schupp
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstrasse 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - N Sangouard
- Institut de Physique Théorique, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - B P Lanyon
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstrasse 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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5
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Zaporski L, Shofer N, Bodey JH, Manna S, Gillard G, Appel MH, Schimpf C, Covre da Silva SF, Jarman J, Delamare G, Park G, Haeusler U, Chekhovich EA, Rastelli A, Gangloff DA, Atatüre M, Le Gall C. Ideal refocusing of an optically active spin qubit under strong hyperfine interactions. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:257-263. [PMID: 36702953 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01282-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Combining highly coherent spin control with efficient light-matter coupling offers great opportunities for quantum communication and computing. Optically active semiconductor quantum dots have unparalleled photonic properties but also modest spin coherence limited by their resident nuclei. The nuclear inhomogeneity has thus far bound all dynamical decoupling measurements to a few microseconds. Here, we eliminate this inhomogeneity using lattice-matched GaAs-AlGaAs quantum dot devices and demonstrate dynamical decoupling of the electron spin qubit beyond 0.113(3) ms. Leveraging the 99.30(5)% visibility of our optical π-pulse gates, we use up to Nπ = 81 decoupling pulses and find a coherence time scaling of [Formula: see text]. This scaling manifests an ideal refocusing of strong interactions between the electron and the nuclear spin ensemble, free of extrinsic noise, which holds the promise of lifetime-limited spin coherence. Our findings demonstrate that the most punishing material science challenge for such quantum dot devices has a remedy and constitute the basis for highly coherent spin-photon interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Zaporski
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Noah Shofer
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan H Bodey
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Santanu Manna
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - George Gillard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Christian Schimpf
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | | | - John Jarman
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffroy Delamare
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gunhee Park
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Urs Haeusler
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Evgeny A Chekhovich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Armando Rastelli
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Dorian A Gangloff
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mete Atatüre
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Claire Le Gall
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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6
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Krutyanskiy V, Galli M, Krcmarsky V, Baier S, Fioretto DA, Pu Y, Mazloom A, Sekatski P, Canteri M, Teller M, Schupp J, Bate J, Meraner M, Sangouard N, Lanyon BP, Northup TE. Entanglement of Trapped-Ion Qubits Separated by 230 Meters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:050803. [PMID: 36800448 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.050803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report on an elementary quantum network of two atomic ions separated by 230 m. The ions are trapped in different buildings and connected with 520(2) m of optical fiber. At each network node, the electronic state of an ion is entangled with the polarization state of a single cavity photon; subsequent to interference of the photons at a beam splitter, photon detection heralds entanglement between the two ions. Fidelities of up to (88.0+2.2-4.7)% are achieved with respect to a maximally entangled Bell state, with a success probability of 4×10^{-5}. We analyze the routes to improve these metrics, paving the way for long-distance networks of entangled quantum processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Krutyanskiy
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Galli
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - V Krcmarsky
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Baier
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D A Fioretto
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Y Pu
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Mazloom
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, USA
| | - P Sekatski
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Canteri
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Teller
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Schupp
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Bate
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Meraner
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - N Sangouard
- Institut de Physique Théorique, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - B P Lanyon
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T E Northup
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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7
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Gangloff D. An optical interface for quantum networks. Science 2022; 378:473-474. [DOI: 10.1126/science.ade6964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A silicon atom embedded in diamond can be entangled with a photon
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Gangloff
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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8
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Arjona Martínez J, Parker RA, Chen KC, Purser CM, Li L, Michaels CP, Stramma AM, Debroux R, Harris IB, Hayhurst Appel M, Nichols EC, Trusheim ME, Gangloff DA, Englund D, Atatüre M. Photonic Indistinguishability of the Tin-Vacancy Center in Nanostructured Diamond. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:173603. [PMID: 36332262 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.173603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tin-vacancy centers in diamond are promising spin-photon interfaces owing to their high quantum efficiency, large Debye-Waller factor, and compatibility with photonic nanostructuring. Benchmarking their single-photon indistinguishability is a key challenge for future applications. Here, we report the generation of single photons with 99.7_{-2.5}^{+0.3}% purity and 63(9)% indistinguishability from a resonantly excited tin-vacancy center in a single-mode waveguide. We obtain quantum control of the optical transition with 1.71(1)-ns-long π pulses of 77.1(8)% fidelity and show it is spectrally stable over 100 ms. A modest Purcell enhancement factor of 12 would enhance the indistinguishability to 95%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Arjona Martínez
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan A Parker
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin C Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Carola M Purser
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Linsen Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Cathryn P Michaels
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander M Stramma
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Romain Debroux
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Isaac B Harris
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Martin Hayhurst Appel
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor C Nichols
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew E Trusheim
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Dorian A Gangloff
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Englund
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Mete Atatüre
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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9
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Zhai L, Nguyen GN, Spinnler C, Ritzmann J, Löbl MC, Wieck AD, Ludwig A, Javadi A, Warburton RJ. Quantum interference of identical photons from remote GaAs quantum dots. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:829-833. [PMID: 35589820 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photonic quantum technology provides a viable route to quantum communication1,2, quantum simulation3 and quantum information processing4. Recent progress has seen the realization of boson sampling using 20 single photons3 and quantum key distribution over hundreds of kilometres2. Scaling the complexity requires architectures containing multiple photon sources, photon counters and a large number of indistinguishable single photons. Semiconductor quantum dots are bright and fast sources of coherent single photons5-9. For applications, a roadblock is the poor quantum coherence on interfering single photons created by independent quantum dots10,11. Here we demonstrate two-photon interference with near-unity visibility (93.0 ± 0.8)% using photons from two completely separate GaAs quantum dots. The experiment retains all the emission into the zero phonon line-only the weak phonon sideband is rejected; temporal post-selection is not employed. By exploiting quantum interference, we demonstrate a photonic controlled-not circuit and an entanglement with fidelity of (85.0 ± 1.0)% between photons of different origins. The two-photon interference visibility is high enough that the entanglement fidelity is well above the classical threshold. The high mutual coherence of the photons stems from high-quality materials, diode structure and relatively large quantum dot size. Our results establish a platform-GaAs quantum dots-for creating coherent single photons in a scalable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhai
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Giang N Nguyen
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Julian Ritzmann
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias C Löbl
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas D Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alisa Javadi
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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10
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Optical charge injection and coherent control of a quantum-dot spin-qubit emitting at telecom wavelengths. Nat Commun 2022; 13:748. [PMID: 35136062 PMCID: PMC8826386 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28328-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid-state quantum emitters with manipulable spin-qubits are promising platforms for quantum communication applications. Although such light-matter interfaces could be realized in many systems only a few allow for light emission in the telecom bands necessary for long-distance quantum networks. Here, we propose and implement an optically active solid-state spin-qubit based on a hole confined in a single InAs/GaAs quantum dot grown on an InGaAs metamorphic buffer layer emitting photons in the C-band. We lift the hole spin-degeneracy using an external magnetic field and demonstrate hole injection, initialization, read-out and complete coherent control using picosecond optical pulses. These results showcase a solid-state spin-qubit platform compatible with preexisting optical fiber networks.
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11
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Jatakia P, Vinjanampathy S, Saha K. Detecting initial correlations via correlated spectroscopy in hybrid quantum systems. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20718. [PMID: 34671087 PMCID: PMC8528928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Generic mesoscopic quantum systems that interact with their environment tend to display appreciable correlations with environment that often play an important role in the physical properties of the system. However, the experimental methods needed to characterize such systems either ignore the role of initial correlations or scale unfavourably with system dimensions. Here, we present a technique that is agnostic to system-environment correlations and can be potentially implemented experimentally. Under a specific set of constraints, we demonstrate the ability to detect and measure specific correlations. We apply the technique to two cases related to Nitrogen Vacancy Centers (NV). Firstly, we use the technique on an NV coupled to a P1 defect centre in the environment to demonstrate the ability to detect dark spins. Secondly, we implement the technique on a hybrid quantum system of NV coupled to an optical cavity with initial correlations. We extract the interaction strength and effective number of interacting NVs from the initial correlations using our technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Jatakia
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA.
| | - Sai Vinjanampathy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kasturi Saha
- Solid State Device Group, Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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12
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Telecom-heralded entanglement between multimode solid-state quantum memories. Nature 2021; 594:37-40. [PMID: 34079135 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03481-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Future quantum networks will enable the distribution of entanglement between distant locations and allow applications in quantum communication, quantum sensing and distributed quantum computation1. At the core of this network lies the ability to generate and store entanglement at remote, interconnected quantum nodes2. Although various remote physical systems have been successfully entangled3-12, none of these realizations encompassed all of the requirements for network operation, such as compatibility with telecommunication (telecom) wavelengths and multimode operation. Here we report the demonstration of heralded entanglement between two spatially separated quantum nodes, where the entanglement is stored in multimode solid-state quantum memories. At each node a praseodymium-doped crystal13,14 stores a photon of a correlated pair15, with the second photon at telecom wavelengths. Entanglement between quantum memories placed in different laboratories is heralded by the detection of a telecom photon at a rate up to 1.4 kilohertz, and the entanglement is stored in the crystals for a pre-determined storage time up to 25 microseconds. We also show that the generated entanglement is robust against loss in the heralding path, and demonstrate temporally multiplexed operation, with 62 temporal modes. Our realization is extendable to entanglement over longer distances and provides a viable route towards field-deployed, multiplexed quantum repeaters based on solid-state resources.
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13
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Richter S, Wolf S, von Zanthier J, Schmidt-Kaler F. Imaging Trapped Ion Structures via Fluorescence Cross-Correlation Detection. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:173602. [PMID: 33988402 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.173602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cross-correlation signals are recorded from fluorescence photons scattered in free space off a trapped ion structure. The analysis of the signal allows for unambiguously revealing the spatial frequency, thus the distance, as well as the spatial alignment of the ions. For the case of two ions we obtain from the cross-correlations a spatial frequency f_{spatial}=1490±2_{stat}±8_{syst} rad^{-1}, where the statistical uncertainty improves with the integrated number of correlation events as N^{-0.51±0.06}. We independently determine the spatial frequency to be 1494±11 rad^{-1}, proving excellent agreement. Expanding our method to the case of three ions, we demonstrate its functionality for two-dimensional arrays of emitters of indistinguishable photons, serving as a model system to yield structural information where direct imaging techniques fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Richter
- Institut für Optik, Information und Photonik, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Straße 6, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wolf
- QUANTUM, Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Joachim von Zanthier
- Institut für Optik, Information und Photonik, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Straße 6, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Schmidt-Kaler
- QUANTUM, Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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14
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Pompili M, Hermans SLN, Baier S, Beukers HKC, Humphreys PC, Schouten RN, Vermeulen RFL, Tiggelman MJ, Dos Santos Martins L, Dirkse B, Wehner S, Hanson R. Realization of a multinode quantum network of remote solid-state qubits. Science 2021; 372:259-264. [PMID: 33859028 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg1919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of entangled states across the nodes of a future quantum internet will unlock fundamentally new technologies. Here, we report on the realization of a three-node entanglement-based quantum network. We combine remote quantum nodes based on diamond communication qubits into a scalable phase-stabilized architecture, supplemented with a robust memory qubit and local quantum logic. In addition, we achieve real-time communication and feed-forward gate operations across the network. We demonstrate two quantum network protocols without postselection: the distribution of genuine multipartite entangled states across the three nodes and entanglement swapping through an intermediary node. Our work establishes a key platform for exploring, testing, and developing multinode quantum network protocols and a quantum network control stack.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pompili
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - S L N Hermans
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - S Baier
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - H K C Beukers
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - P C Humphreys
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - R N Schouten
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - R F L Vermeulen
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - M J Tiggelman
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - L Dos Santos Martins
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - B Dirkse
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - S Wehner
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - R Hanson
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. .,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
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15
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Zhao Y. Design-flexible entanglement of two distant quantum dots bridged by dark whispering gallery modes. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:6506-6509. [PMID: 33258847 DOI: 10.1364/ol.408938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a flexible design to realize the entanglement between two distant semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) embedded in separated photonic crystal nanobeam cavities. When bridged by a largely detuned microring cavity, photonic supermodes between two distant nanobeam cavities are formed via whispering gallery modes (WGMs). Due to the large detuning, WGMs in the microring exhibit almost no photonic excitation, showing the "dark WGMs." With the dyadic Green's functions of the nano-structure and the resolvent operators of the Hamiltonian, we numerically investigate the entanglement dynamics of two distant QDs. Furthermore, we prove that the entanglement can be tuned by adjusting the distances between the cavities. Such a scheme paves an efficient way for realizing a scalable quantum network in a solid-state system.
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16
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Ramachandran A, Wilbur GR, O'Neal S, Deppe DG, Hall KC. Suppression of decoherence tied to electron-phonon coupling in telecom-compatible quantum dots: low-threshold reappearance regime for quantum state inversion. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:6498-6501. [PMID: 33258845 DOI: 10.1364/ol.403590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate suppression of dephasing tied to deformation potential coupling of confined electrons to longitudinal acoustic (LA) phonons in optical control experiments on large semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) with emission compatible with the low-dispersion telecommunications band at 1.3 µm. By exploiting the sensitivity of the electron-phonon spectral density to the size and shape of the QD, we demonstrate a fourfold reduction in the threshold pulse area required to enter the decoupled regime for exciton inversion using adiabatic rapid passage (ARP). Our calculations of the quantum state dynamics indicate that the symmetry of the QD wave function provides an additional means to engineer the electron-phonon interaction. Our findings will support the development of solid-state quantum emitters in future distributed quantum networks using semiconductor QDs.
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17
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Zhai L, Löbl MC, Nguyen GN, Ritzmann J, Javadi A, Spinnler C, Wieck AD, Ludwig A, Warburton RJ. Low-noise GaAs quantum dots for quantum photonics. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4745. [PMID: 32958795 PMCID: PMC7506537 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots are both excellent single-photon sources and hosts for single spins. This combination enables the deterministic generation of Raman-photons—bandwidth-matched to an atomic quantum-memory—and the generation of photon cluster states, a resource in quantum communication and measurement-based quantum computing. GaAs quantum dots in AlGaAs can be matched in frequency to a rubidium-based photon memory, and have potentially improved electron spin coherence compared to the widely used InGaAs quantum dots. However, their charge stability and optical linewidths are typically much worse than for their InGaAs counterparts. Here, we embed GaAs quantum dots into an n-i-p-diode specially designed for low-temperature operation. We demonstrate ultra-low noise behaviour: charge control via Coulomb blockade, close-to lifetime-limited linewidths, and no blinking. We observe high-fidelity optical electron-spin initialisation and long electron-spin lifetimes for these quantum dots. Our work establishes a materials platform for low-noise quantum photonics close to the red part of the spectrum. GaAs quantum dots emitting at the near-red part of the spectrum usually suffers from excess charge-noise. With a careful design of a n-i-p-diode structure hosting GaAs quantum dots, the authors demonstrate ultralow-noise behaviour and high-fidelity spin initialisation close to rubidium wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhai
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias C Löbl
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giang N Nguyen
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland.,Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, DE-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julian Ritzmann
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, DE-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alisa Javadi
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Spinnler
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas D Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, DE-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, DE-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Richard J Warburton
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
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18
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Zhang K, He J, Wang J. Two-way single-photon-level frequency conversion between 852 nm and 1560 nm for connecting cesium D2 line with the telecom C-band. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:27785-27796. [PMID: 32988064 DOI: 10.1364/oe.402355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A compact setup for two-way single-photon-level frequency conversion between 852 nm and 1560 nm has been implemented with the same periodically-poled magnesium-oxide-doped lithium niobate (PPMgO:LN) bulk crystals for connecting cesium D2 line (852 nm) to telecom C-band. By single-pass mixing a strong continuous-wave pump laser at 1878 nm and the single-photon-level periodical signal pulses in a 50-mm-long PPMgO:LN bulk crystal, the conversion efficiency of ∼ 1.7% (∼ 1.9%) for 852-nm to 1560-nm down-conversion (1560-nm to 852-nm up-conversion) have been achieved. We analyzed noise photons induced by the strong pump laser beam, including the spontaneous Raman scattering (SRS) and the spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) photons, and the photons generated in the cascaded nonlinear processes. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) has been improved remarkably by using the narrow-band filters and changing polarization of the noise photons in the difference frequency generation (DFG) process. With further improvement of the conversion efficiency by employing PPMgO:LN waveguide, instead of bulk crystal, our study may provide the basics for cyclic photon conversion in quantum network.
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19
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Caspar P, Verbanis E, Oudot E, Maring N, Samara F, Caloz M, Perrenoud M, Sekatski P, Martin A, Sangouard N, Zbinden H, Thew RT. Heralded Distribution of Single-Photon Path Entanglement. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:110506. [PMID: 32975988 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.110506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the experimental realization of heralded distribution of single-photon path entanglement at telecommunication wavelengths in a repeater-like architecture. The entanglement is established upon detection of a single photon, originating from one of two spontaneous parametric down-conversion photon pair sources, after erasing the photon's which-path information. In order to certify the entanglement, we use an entanglement witness which does not rely on postselection. We herald entanglement between two locations, separated by a total distance of 2 km of optical fiber, at a rate of 1.6 kHz. This work paves the way towards high-rate and practical quantum repeater architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Caspar
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - E Verbanis
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - E Oudot
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
- Quantum Optics Theory Group, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - N Maring
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - F Samara
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - M Caloz
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - M Perrenoud
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - P Sekatski
- Quantum Optics Theory Group, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Martin
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - N Sangouard
- Quantum Optics Theory Group, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Institut de physique théorique, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, CNRS, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - H Zbinden
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - R T Thew
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
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20
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All-optical charging and charge transport in quantum dots. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14911. [PMID: 32913255 PMCID: PMC7483522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71601-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Optically active quantum dots are one of the promising candidates for fundamental building blocks in quantum technology. Many practical applications would comprise of multiple coupled quantum dots, each of which must be individually chargeable. However, the most advanced demonstrations are limited to devices with only a single dot, and individual charging has neither been demonstrated nor proposed for an array of optically active quantum dots. Here we propose and numerically demonstrate a method for controlled charging of multiple quantum dots and charge transport between the dots. We show that our method can be implemented in realistic structures with fidelities greater than 99.9%. The scheme is based on all-optical resonant manipulation of charges in an array of quantum dots formed by a type-II band alignment, such as crystal-phase quantum dots in nanowires. Our work opens new practical avenues for realizations of advanced quantum photonic devices, for instance, solid-state quantum registers with a photonic interface.
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21
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Dusanowski Ł, Köck D, Shin E, Kwon SH, Schneider C, Höfling S. Purcell-Enhanced and Indistinguishable Single-Photon Generation from Quantum Dots Coupled to On-Chip Integrated Ring Resonators. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6357-6363. [PMID: 32706592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Integrated photonic circuits provide a versatile toolbox of functionalities for advanced quantum optics applications. Here, we demonstrate an essential component of such a system in the form of a Purcell-enhanced single-photon source based on a quantum dot coupled to a robust on-chip integrated resonator. For that, we develop GaAs monolithic ring cavities based on distributed Bragg reflector ridge waveguides. Under resonant excitation conditions, we observe an over 2-fold spontaneous emission rate enhancement using Purcell effect and gain a full coherent optical control of a QD-two-level system via Rabi oscillations. Furthermore, we demonstrate an on-demand single-photon generation with strongly suppressed multiphoton emission probability as low as 1% and two-photon interference with visibility up to 95%. This integrated single-photon source can be readily scaled up, promising a realistic pathway for scalable on-chip linear optical quantum simulation, quantum computation, and quantum networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Dusanowski
- Technische Physik and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Physikalisches Institut and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Köck
- Technische Physik and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Physikalisches Institut and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eunso Shin
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, 156-756 Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon-Hong Kwon
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, 156-756 Seoul, Korea
| | - Christian Schneider
- Technische Physik and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Physikalisches Institut and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Physics, University of Oldenburg, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Physikalisches Institut and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, KY16 9SS St Andrews, United Kingdom
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22
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Phillips CL, Brash AJ, McCutcheon DPS, Iles-Smith J, Clarke E, Royall B, Skolnick MS, Fox AM, Nazir A. Photon Statistics of Filtered Resonance Fluorescence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:043603. [PMID: 32794814 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.043603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spectral filtering of resonance fluorescence is widely employed to improve single photon purity and indistinguishability by removing unwanted backgrounds. For filter bandwidths approaching the emitter linewidth, complex behavior is predicted due to preferential transmission of components with differing photon statistics. We probe this regime using a Purcell-enhanced quantum dot in both weak and strong excitation limits, finding excellent agreement with an extended sensor theory model. By changing only the filter width, the photon statistics can be transformed between antibunched, bunched, or Poissonian. Our results verify that strong antibunching and a subnatural linewidth cannot simultaneously be observed, providing new insight into the nature of coherent scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Phillips
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair J Brash
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Dara P S McCutcheon
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Iles-Smith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street Building, Manchester M1 3BB, United Kingdom
| | - Edmund Clarke
- EPSRC National Epitaxy Facility, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Royall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Maurice S Skolnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - A Mark Fox
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Ahsan Nazir
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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23
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Stephenson LJ, Nadlinger DP, Nichol BC, An S, Drmota P, Ballance TG, Thirumalai K, Goodwin JF, Lucas DM, Ballance CJ. High-Rate, High-Fidelity Entanglement of Qubits Across an Elementary Quantum Network. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:110501. [PMID: 32242699 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.110501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate remote entanglement of trapped-ion qubits via a quantum-optical fiber link with fidelity and rate approaching those of local operations. Two ^{88}Sr^{+} qubits are entangled via the polarization degree of freedom of two spontaneously emitted 422 nm photons which are coupled by high-numerical-aperture lenses into single-mode optical fibers and interfere on a beam splitter. A novel geometry allows high-efficiency photon collection while maintaining unit fidelity for ion-photon entanglement. We generate heralded Bell pairs with fidelity 94% at an average rate 182 s^{-1} (success probability 2.18×10^{-4}).
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Stephenson
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D P Nadlinger
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - B C Nichol
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - S An
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - P Drmota
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - T G Ballance
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - K Thirumalai
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - J F Goodwin
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D M Lucas
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - C J Ballance
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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24
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Wolf S, Richter S, von Zanthier J, Schmidt-Kaler F. Light of Two Atoms in Free Space: Bunching or Antibunching? PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:063603. [PMID: 32109104 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.063603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photon statistics divides light sources into three different categories, characterized by bunched, antibunched, or uncorrelated photon arrival times. Single atoms, ions, molecules, or solid state emitters display antibunching of photons, while classical thermal sources exhibit photon bunching. Here we demonstrate a light source in free space, where the photon statistics depends on the direction of observation, undergoing a continuous crossover between photon bunching and antibunching. We employ two trapped ions, observe their fluorescence under continuous laser light excitation, and record spatially resolved the autocorrelation function g^{(2)}(τ) with a movable Hanbury Brown and Twiss detector. Varying the detector position we find a minimum value for antibunching, g^{(2)}(0)=0.60(5) and a maximum of g^{(2)}(0)=1.46(8) for bunching, demonstrating that this source radiates fundamentally different types of light alike. The observed variation of the autocorrelation function is understood in the Dicke model from which the observed maximum and minimum values can be modeled, taking independently measured experimental parameters into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Wolf
- QUANTUM, Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Richter
- Institut für Optik, Information und Photonik, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Straße 6, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joachim von Zanthier
- Institut für Optik, Information und Photonik, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Straße 6, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Schmidt-Kaler
- QUANTUM, Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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25
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Koong ZX, Scerri D, Rambach M, Santana TS, Park SI, Song JD, Gauger EM, Gerardot BD. Fundamental Limits to Coherent Photon Generation with Solid-State Atomlike Transitions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:167402. [PMID: 31702372 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.167402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coherent generation of indistinguishable single photons is crucial for many quantum communication and processing protocols. Solid-state realizations of two-level atomic transitions or three-level spin-Λ systems offer significant advantages over their atomic counterparts for this purpose, albeit decoherence can arise due to environmental couplings. One popular approach to mitigate dephasing is to operate in the weak-excitation limit, where the excited-state population is minimal and coherently scattered photons dominate over incoherent emission. Here we probe the coherence of photons produced using two-level and spin-Λ solid-state systems. We observe that the coupling of the atomiclike transitions to the vibronic transitions of the crystal lattice is independent of the driving strength, even for detuned excitation using the spin-Λ configuration. We apply a polaron master equation to capture the non-Markovian dynamics of the vibrational manifolds. These results provide insight into the fundamental limitations to photon coherence from solid-state quantum emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z X Koong
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - D Scerri
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - M Rambach
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - T S Santana
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - S I Park
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - J D Song
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - E M Gauger
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - B D Gerardot
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, United Kingdom
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26
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Brash AJ, Iles-Smith J, Phillips CL, McCutcheon DPS, O'Hara J, Clarke E, Royall B, Wilson LR, Mørk J, Skolnick MS, Fox AM, Nazir A. Light Scattering from Solid-State Quantum Emitters: Beyond the Atomic Picture. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:167403. [PMID: 31702333 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.167403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coherent scattering of light by a single quantum emitter is a fundamental process at the heart of many proposed quantum technologies. Unlike atomic systems, solid-state emitters couple to their host lattice by phonons. Using a quantum dot in an optical nanocavity, we resolve these interactions in both time and frequency domains, going beyond the atomic picture to develop a comprehensive model of light scattering from solid-state emitters. We find that even in the presence of a low-Q cavity with high Purcell enhancement, phonon coupling leads to a sideband that is completely insensitive to excitation conditions and to a nonmonotonic relationship between laser detuning and coherent fraction, both of which are major deviations from atomlike behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair J Brash
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Iles-Smith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine L Phillips
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Dara P S McCutcheon
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
| | - John O'Hara
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Edmund Clarke
- EPSRC National Epitaxy Facility, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DE, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Royall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Luke R Wilson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Jesper Mørk
- Department of Photonics Engineering, DTU Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark, Building 343, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Maurice S Skolnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - A Mark Fox
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Ahsan Nazir
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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27
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Grim JQ, Bracker AS, Zalalutdinov M, Carter SG, Kozen AC, Kim M, Kim CS, Mlack JT, Yakes M, Lee B, Gammon D. Scalable in operando strain tuning in nanophotonic waveguides enabling three-quantum-dot superradiance. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:963-969. [PMID: 31285618 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0418-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The quest for an integrated quantum optics platform has motivated the field of semiconductor quantum dot research for two decades. Demonstrations of quantum light sources, single photon switches, transistors and spin-photon interfaces have become very advanced. Yet the fundamental problem that every quantum dot is different prevents integration and scaling beyond a few quantum dots. Here, we address this challenge by patterning strain via local phase transitions to selectively tune individual quantum dots that are embedded in a photonic architecture. The patterning is implemented with in operando laser crystallization of a thin HfO2 film 'sheath' on the surface of a GaAs waveguide. Using this approach, we tune InAs quantum dot emission energies over the full inhomogeneous distribution with a step size down to the homogeneous linewidth and a spatial resolution better than 1 µm. Using these capabilities, we tune multiple quantum dots into resonance within the same waveguide and demonstrate a quantum interaction via superradiant emission from three quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Q Grim
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chul Soo Kim
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Bumsu Lee
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
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28
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Khabiboulline ET, Borregaard J, De Greve K, Lukin MD. Optical Interferometry with Quantum Networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:070504. [PMID: 31491093 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.070504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method for optical interferometry in telescope arrays assisted by quantum networks. In our approach, the quantum state of incoming photons along with an arrival time index are stored in a binary qubit code at each receiver. Nonlocal retrieval of the quantum state via entanglement-assisted parity checks at the expected photon arrival rate allows for direct extraction of the phase difference, effectively circumventing transmission losses between nodes. Compared to prior proposals, our scheme (based on efficient quantum data compression) offers an exponential decrease in required entanglement bandwidth. Experimental implementation is then feasible with near-term technology, enabling optical imaging of astronomical objects akin to well-established radio interferometers and pushing resolution beyond what is practically achievable classically.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Khabiboulline
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J Borregaard
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- QMATH, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - K De Greve
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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29
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Pulse control protocols for preserving coherence in dipolar-coupled nuclear spin baths. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3157. [PMID: 31316057 PMCID: PMC6637143 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coherence of solid state spin qubits is limited by decoherence and random fluctuations in the spin bath environment. Here we develop spin bath control sequences which simultaneously suppress the fluctuations arising from intrabath interactions and inhomogeneity. Experiments on neutral self-assembled quantum dots yield up to a five-fold increase in coherence of a bare nuclear spin bath. Numerical simulations agree with experiments and reveal emergent thermodynamic behaviour where fluctuations are ultimately caused by irreversible conversion of coherence into many-body quantum entanglement. Simulations show that for homogeneous spin baths our sequences are efficient with non-ideal control pulses, while inhomogeneous bath coherence is inherently limited even under ideal-pulse control, especially for strongly correlated spin-9/2 baths. These results highlight the limitations of self-assembled quantum dots and advantages of strain-free dots, where our sequences can be used to control the fluctuations of a homogeneous nuclear spin bath and potentially improve electron spin qubit coherence. Fluctuating nuclear spin ensembles are a significant decoherence mechanism for solid-state spin qubits. Here the authors introduce an approach to controlling and extending the coherence of a nuclear spin bath around self-assembled quantum dots and gain insight into the many-body dynamics.
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30
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Hurst DL, Joanesarson KB, Iles-Smith J, Mørk J, Kok P. Generating Maximal Entanglement between Spectrally Distinct Solid-State Emitters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:023603. [PMID: 31386531 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.023603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We show how to create maximal entanglement between spectrally distinct solid-state emitters embedded in a waveguide interferometer. By revealing the rich underlying structure of multiphoton scattering in emitters, we show that a two-photon input state can generate deterministic maximal entanglement even for emitters with significantly different transition energies and linewidths. The optimal frequency of the input is determined by two competing processes: which-path erasure and interaction strength. We find that smaller spectral overlap can be overcome with higher photon numbers, and quasimonochromatic photons are optimal for entanglement generation. Our work provides a new methodology for solid-state entanglement generation, where the requirement for perfectly matched emitters can be relaxed in favor of optical state optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Hurst
- Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Kristoffer B Joanesarson
- Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
- Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jake Iles-Smith
- Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Jesper Mørk
- Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pieter Kok
- Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
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31
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Ragunathan G, Kobak J, Gillard G, Pacuski W, Sobczak K, Borysiuk J, Skolnick MS, Chekhovich EA. Direct Measurement of Hyperfine Shifts and Radio Frequency Manipulation of Nuclear Spins in Individual CdTe/ZnTe Quantum Dots. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:096801. [PMID: 30932537 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.096801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We achieve direct detection of electron hyperfine shifts in individual CdTe/ZnTe quantum dots. For the previously inaccessible regime of strong magnetic fields B_{z}≳0.1 T, we demonstrate robust polarization of a few-hundred-particle nuclear spin bath, with an optical initialization time of ∼1 ms and polarization lifetime exceeding ∼1 s. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of individual dots reveals strong electron-nuclear interactions characterized by Knight fields |B_{e}|≳50 mT, an order of magnitude stronger than in III-V semiconductor quantum dots. Our studies confirm II-VI semiconductor quantum dots as a promising platform for hybrid electron-nuclear spin qubit registers, combining the excellent optical properties comparable to III-V dots and the dilute nuclear spin environment similar to group-IV semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ragunathan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Kobak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - G Gillard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - W Pacuski
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Sobczak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Borysiuk
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M S Skolnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - E A Chekhovich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
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32
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Wehner S, Elkouss D, Hanson R. Quantum internet: A vision for the road ahead. Science 2018; 362:362/6412/eaam9288. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aam9288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 660] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The internet—a vast network that enables simultaneous long-range classical communication—has had a revolutionary impact on our world. The vision of a quantum internet is to fundamentally enhance internet technology by enabling quantum communication between any two points on Earth. Such a quantum internet may operate in parallel to the internet that we have today and connect quantum processors in order to achieve capabilities that are provably impossible by using only classical means. Here, we propose stages of development toward a full-blown quantum internet and highlight experimental and theoretical progress needed to attain them.
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33
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Yüce E, Lian J, Sokolov S, Bertolotti J, Combrié S, Lehoucq G, De Rossi A, Mosk AP. Adaptive Control of Necklace States in a Photonic Crystal Waveguide. ACS PHOTONICS 2018; 5:3984-3988. [PMID: 30357007 PMCID: PMC6195811 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.8b01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Resonant cavities with high quality factor and small mode volume provide crucial enhancement of light-matter interactions in nanophotonic devices that transport and process classical and quantum information. The production of functional circuits containing many such cavities remains a major challenge, as inevitable imperfections in the fabrication detune the cavities, which strongly affects functionality such as transmission. In photonic crystal waveguides, intrinsic disorder gives rise to high-Q localized resonances through Anderson localization; however their location and resonance frequencies are completely random, which hampers functionality. We present an adaptive holographic method to gain reversible control on these randomly localized modes by locally modifying the refractive index. We show that our method can dynamically form or break highly transmitting necklace states, which is an essential step toward photonic-crystal-based quantum networks and signal processing circuits, as well as slow light applications and fundamental physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Yüce
- Complex
Photonic Systems (COPS), MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Programmable
Photonics Group, The Center for Solar Energy Research and Applications
(GÜNAM), Department of Physics, Middle
East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jin Lian
- Complex
Photonic Systems (COPS), MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, PO Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sergei Sokolov
- Complex
Photonic Systems (COPS), MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, PO Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacopo Bertolotti
- Physics
and Astronomy Department, University of
Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4
4QL, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvain Combrié
- Thales
Research and Technology, Route Départementale 128, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Gaëlle Lehoucq
- Thales
Research and Technology, Route Départementale 128, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Alfredo De Rossi
- Thales
Research and Technology, Route Départementale 128, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Allard P. Mosk
- Complex
Photonic Systems (COPS), MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, PO Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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34
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Frey JA, Snijders HJ, Norman J, Gossard AC, Bowers JE, Löffler W, Bouwmeester D. Electro-optic polarization tuning of microcavities with a single quantum dot. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:4280-4283. [PMID: 30160707 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.004280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present an oxide aperture microcavity with embedded quantum dots which utilizes a three-contact design to independently tune the quantum dot wavelength and birefringence of the cavity modes. A polarization splitting tuning of ∼5 GHz is observed. For a typical microcavity polarization splitting, the method can be used to achieve perfect polarization degeneracy that is required for many polarization-based implementations of photonic quantum gates. The embedded quantum dot wavelength can be tuned into resonance with the cavity, independent of the polarization tuning.
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35
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Sun S, Zhang JL, Fischer KA, Burek MJ, Dory C, Lagoudakis KG, Tzeng YK, Radulaski M, Kelaita Y, Safavi-Naeini A, Shen ZX, Melosh NA, Chu S, Lončar M, Vučković J. Cavity-Enhanced Raman Emission from a Single Color Center in a Solid. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:083601. [PMID: 30192607 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.083601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate cavity-enhanced Raman emission from a single atomic defect in a solid. Our platform is a single silicon-vacancy center in diamond coupled with a monolithic diamond photonic crystal cavity. The cavity enables an unprecedented frequency tuning range of the Raman emission (100 GHz) that significantly exceeds the spectral inhomogeneity of silicon-vacancy centers in diamond nanostructures. We also show that the cavity selectively suppresses the phonon-induced spontaneous emission that degrades the efficiency of Raman photon generation. Our results pave the way towards photon-mediated many-body interactions between solid-state quantum emitters in a nanophotonic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Sun
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | - Kevin A Fischer
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Michael J Burek
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Constantin Dory
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | - Yan-Kai Tzeng
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Marina Radulaski
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Yousif Kelaita
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Amir Safavi-Naeini
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Zhi-Xun Shen
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Nicholas A Melosh
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Steven Chu
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Marko Lončar
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jelena Vučković
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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36
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Deterministic delivery of remote entanglement on a quantum network. Nature 2018; 558:268-273. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Deterministic quantum state transfer and remote entanglement using microwave photons. Nature 2018; 558:264-267. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wan NH, Shields BJ, Kim D, Mouradian S, Lienhard B, Walsh M, Bakhru H, Schröder T, Englund D. Efficient Extraction of Light from a Nitrogen-Vacancy Center in a Diamond Parabolic Reflector. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:2787-2793. [PMID: 29601205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantum emitters in solids are being developed for a range of quantum technologies, including quantum networks, computing, and sensing. However, a remaining challenge is the poor photon collection due to the high refractive index of most host materials. Here we overcome this limitation by introducing monolithic parabolic reflectors as an efficient geometry for broadband photon extraction from quantum emitter and experimentally demonstrate this device for the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. Simulations indicate a photon collection efficiency exceeding 75% across the visible spectrum and experimental devices, fabricated using a high-throughput gray scale lithography process, demonstrating a photon extraction efficiency of (41 ± 5)%. This device enables a raw experimental detection efficiency of (12 ± 1)% with fluorescence detection rates as high as (4.114 ± 0.003) × 106 counts per second (cps) from a single NV center. Enabled by our deterministic emitter localization and fabrication process, we find a high number of exceptional devices with an average count rate of (3.1 ± 0.9) × 106 cps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel H Wan
- Research Laboratory of Electronics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Brendan J Shields
- Department of Physics , University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 82 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Donggyu Kim
- Research Laboratory of Electronics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Sara Mouradian
- Research Laboratory of Electronics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Benjamin Lienhard
- Research Laboratory of Electronics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Michael Walsh
- Research Laboratory of Electronics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Hassaram Bakhru
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering , SUNY Polytechnic Institute , Albany , New York 12203 , United States
| | - Tim Schröder
- Research Laboratory of Electronics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Dirk Englund
- Research Laboratory of Electronics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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Müller T, Skiba-Szymanska J, Krysa AB, Huwer J, Felle M, Anderson M, Stevenson RM, Heffernan J, Ritchie DA, Shields AJ. A quantum light-emitting diode for the standard telecom window around 1,550 nm. Nat Commun 2018; 9:862. [PMID: 29491362 PMCID: PMC5830408 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Single photons and entangled photon pairs are a key resource of many quantum secure communication and quantum computation protocols, and non-Poissonian sources emitting in the low-loss wavelength region around 1,550 nm are essential for the development of fibre-based quantum network infrastructure. However, reaching this wavelength window has been challenging for semiconductor-based quantum light sources. Here we show that quantum dot devices based on indium phosphide are capable of electrically injected single photon emission in this wavelength region. Using the biexciton cascade mechanism, they also produce entangled photons with a fidelity of 87 ± 4%, sufficient for the application of one-way error correction protocols. The material system further allows for entangled photon generation up to an operating temperature of 93 K. Our quantum photon source can be directly integrated with existing long distance quantum communication and cryptography systems, and provides a promising material platform for developing future quantum network hardware.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Müller
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0GZ, UK.
| | - J Skiba-Szymanska
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0GZ, UK
| | - A B Krysa
- EPSRC National Epitaxy Facility, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - J Huwer
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0GZ, UK
| | - M Felle
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0GZ, UK
- Engineering Department, Cambridge University, 9 J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - M Anderson
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0GZ, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - R M Stevenson
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0GZ, UK
| | - J Heffernan
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - D A Ritchie
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - A J Shields
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0GZ, UK
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40
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Zhang JL, Sun S, Burek MJ, Dory C, Tzeng YK, Fischer KA, Kelaita Y, Lagoudakis KG, Radulaski M, Shen ZX, Melosh NA, Chu S, Lončar M, Vučković J. Strongly Cavity-Enhanced Spontaneous Emission from Silicon-Vacancy Centers in Diamond. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1360-1365. [PMID: 29377701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantum emitters are an integral component for a broad range of quantum technologies, including quantum communication, quantum repeaters, and linear optical quantum computation. Solid-state color centers are promising candidates for scalable quantum optics due to their long coherence time and small inhomogeneous broadening. However, once excited, color centers often decay through phonon-assisted processes, limiting the efficiency of single-photon generation and photon-mediated entanglement generation. Herein, we demonstrate strong enhancement of spontaneous emission rate of a single silicon-vacancy center in diamond embedded within a monolithic optical cavity, reaching a regime in which the excited-state lifetime is dominated by spontaneous emission into the cavity mode. We observe 10-fold lifetime reduction and 42-fold enhancement in emission intensity when the cavity is tuned into resonance with the optical transition of a single silicon-vacancy center, corresponding to 90% of the excited-state energy decay occurring through spontaneous emission into the cavity mode. We also demonstrate the largest coupling strength (g/2π = 4.9 ± 0.3 GHz) and cooperativity (C = 1.4) to date for color-center-based cavity quantum electrodynamics systems, bringing the system closer to the strong coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael J Burek
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhi-Xun Shen
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Nicholas A Melosh
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | | | - Marko Lončar
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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41
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Éthier-Majcher G, Gangloff D, Stockill R, Clarke E, Hugues M, Le Gall C, Atatüre M. Improving a Solid-State Qubit through an Engineered Mesoscopic Environment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:130503. [PMID: 29341723 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.130503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A controlled quantum system can alter its environment by feedback, leading to reduced-entropy states of the environment and to improved system coherence. Here, using a quantum-dot electron spin as a control and probe, we prepare the quantum-dot nuclei under the feedback of coherent population trapping and observe their evolution from a thermal to a reduced-entropy state, with the immediate consequence of extended qubit coherence. Via Ramsey interferometry on the electron spin, we directly access the nuclear distribution following its preparation and measure the emergence and decay of correlations within the nuclear ensemble. Under optimal feedback, the inhomogeneous dephasing time of the electron, T_{2}^{*}, is extended by an order of magnitude to 39 ns. Our results can be readily exploited in quantum information protocols utilizing spin-photon entanglement and represent a step towards creating quantum many-body states in a mesoscopic nuclear-spin ensemble.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Éthier-Majcher
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - D Gangloff
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - R Stockill
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - E Clarke
- EPSRC National Centre for III-V Technologies, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - M Hugues
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, rue Bernard Gregory, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - C Le Gall
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - M Atatüre
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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