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Laitz M, Kaplan AEK, Deschamps J, Barotov U, Proppe AH, García-Benito I, Osherov A, Grancini G, deQuilettes DW, Nelson KA, Bawendi MG, Bulović V. Uncovering temperature-dependent exciton-polariton relaxation mechanisms in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2426. [PMID: 37105984 PMCID: PMC10140020 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid perovskites have emerged as a promising material candidate for exciton-polariton (polariton) optoelectronics. Thermodynamically, low-threshold Bose-Einstein condensation requires efficient scattering to the polariton energy dispersion minimum, and many applications demand precise control of polariton interactions. Thus far, the primary mechanisms by which polaritons relax in perovskites remains unclear. In this work, we perform temperature-dependent measurements of polaritons in low-dimensional perovskite wedged microcavities achieving a Rabi splitting of [Formula: see text] = 260 ± 5 meV. We change the Hopfield coefficients by moving the optical excitation along the cavity wedge and thus tune the strength of the primary polariton relaxation mechanisms in this material. We observe the polariton bottleneck regime and show that it can be overcome by harnessing the interplay between the different excitonic species whose corresponding dynamics are modified by strong coupling. This work provides an understanding of polariton relaxation in perovskites benefiting from efficient, material-specific relaxation pathways and intracavity pumping schemes from thermally brightened excitonic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Laitz
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexander E K Kaplan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jude Deschamps
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ulugbek Barotov
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew H Proppe
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Inés García-Benito
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Osherov
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Giulia Grancini
- Department of Chemistry & INSTM, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Dane W deQuilettes
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Keith A Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vladimir Bulović
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Exciton polariton interactions in Van der Waals superlattices at room temperature. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1512. [PMID: 36932078 PMCID: PMC10023709 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36912-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) materials have attracted a great attention because of their unique properties and promising applications in integrated optoelectronic devices. Being layered materials, they can be stacked vertically to fabricate artificial van der Waals lattices, which offer unique opportunities to tailor the electronic and optical properties. The integration of TMD heterostructures in planar microcavities working in strong coupling regime is particularly important to control the light-matter interactions and form robust polaritons, highly sought for room temperature applications. Here, we demonstrate the systematic control of the coupling-strength by embedding multiple WS2 monolayers in a planar microcavity. The vacuum Rabi splitting is enhanced from 36 meV for one monolayer up to 72 meV for the four-monolayer microcavity. In addition, carrying out time-resolved pump-probe experiments at room temperature we demonstrate the nature of polariton interactions which are dominated by phase space filling effects. Furthermore, we also observe the presence of long-living dark excitations in the multiple monolayer superlattices. Our results pave the way for the realization of polaritonic devices based on planar microcavities embedding multiple monolayers and could potentially lead the way for future devices towards the exploitation of interaction-driven phenomena at room temperature.
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Tian C, Zhou B, Xu C, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Zhang J, Zhang L, Dong H, Zhou W. Polariton-Polariton Interactions Revealed in a One-dimensional Whispering Gallery Microcavity. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:1552-1560. [PMID: 32097561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coulomb interactions are essential to the dynamics and optical properties of exciton-polaritons. Here, we report an experimental observation of polariton-polariton interactions far beyond theory in a one-dimensional whispering gallery microcavity. Based on the unique half-light half-matter nature, we were able to clarify the effects of excitons, quantum confinement, and nonthermalized polariton distribution in the measurements of the polaritonic interactions. Spectacularly, our position-scan and power-scan investigations both revealed that the polariton-polariton interaction strength is up to 2 orders of magnitude larger than theoretical predictions. These results suggest that polaritonic interactions are far more complicated than the expectation and should be re-examined in polariton physics and devices involving polaritonic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Tian
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Beier Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Xu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiamei Zheng
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1, Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Xihu District, 310024 Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongxing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1, Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Xihu District, 310024 Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihang Zhou
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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4
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Lundt N, Dusanowski Ł, Sedov E, Stepanov P, Glazov MM, Klembt S, Klaas M, Beierlein J, Qin Y, Tongay S, Richard M, Kavokin AV, Höfling S, Schneider C. Optical valley Hall effect for highly valley-coherent exciton-polaritons in an atomically thin semiconductor. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 14:770-775. [PMID: 31332345 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-019-0492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Spin-orbit coupling is a fundamental mechanism that connects the spin of a charge carrier with its momentum. In the optical domain, an analogous synthetic spin-orbit coupling is accessible by engineering optical anisotropies in photonic materials. Both yield the possibility of creating devices that directly harness spin and polarization as information carriers. Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides promise intrinsic spin-valley Hall features for free carriers, excitons and photons. Here we demonstrate spin- and valley-selective propagation of exciton-polaritons in a monolayer of MoSe2 that is strongly coupled to a microcavity photon mode. In a wire-like device we trace the flow and helicity of exciton-polaritons expanding along its channel. By exciting a coherent superposition of K and K' tagged polaritons, we observe valley-selective expansion of the polariton cloud without either an external magnetic field or coherent Rayleigh scattering. The observed optical valley Hall effect occurs on a macroscopic scale, offering the potential for applications in spin-valley-locked photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Lundt
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Łukasz Dusanowski
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Evgeny Sedov
- Physics and Astronomy School, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Vladimir State University named after A.G. and N.G. Stoletovs, Vladimir, Russia
| | - Petr Stepanov
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institute Neel, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Sebastian Klembt
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Klaas
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beierlein
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ying Qin
- Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Maxime Richard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institute Neel, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexey V Kavokin
- Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Christian Schneider
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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Trifonov AV, Khramtsov ES, Kavokin KV, Ignatiev IV, Kavokin AV, Efimov YP, Eliseev SA, Shapochkin PY, Bayer M. Nanosecond Spin Coherence Time of Nonradiative Excitons in GaAs/AlGaAs Quantum Wells. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:147401. [PMID: 31050466 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.147401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental evidence for a nanosecond timescale spin memory based on nonradiative excitons with large in-plane wave vector. The effect manifests itself in magnetic-field-induced oscillations of the energy of the optically active (radiative) excitons. The oscillations detected by a spectrally resolved pump-probe technique applied to a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well structure in a transverse magnetic field persist over a timescale, which is orders of magnitude longer than the characteristic decoherence time in the system. The effect is attributed to the spin-dependent electron-electron exchange interaction of the optically active and inactive excitons. The spin relaxation time of the electrons belonging to nonradiative excitons appears to be much longer than the hole spin relaxation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Trifonov
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - E S Khramtsov
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - K V Kavokin
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - I V Ignatiev
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - A V Kavokin
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
- Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China and Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Y P Efimov
- Resource Center "Nanophotonics," St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - S A Eliseev
- Resource Center "Nanophotonics," St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - P Yu Shapochkin
- Resource Center "Nanophotonics," St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - M Bayer
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universittat Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
- A. F. Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
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