1
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Adinehloo D, Hendrickson JR, Perebeinos V. Wetting and strain engineering of 2D materials on nanopatterned substrates. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:2823-2829. [PMID: 38817431 PMCID: PMC11134232 DOI: 10.1039/d3na01079a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The fascinating realm of strain engineering and wetting transitions in two-dimensional (2D) materials takes place when placed on a two-dimensional array of nanopillars or one-dimensional rectangular grated substrates. Our investigation encompasses a diverse set of atomically thin 2D materials, including transition metal dichalcogenides, hexagonal boron nitride, and graphene, with a keen focus on the impact of van der Waals adhesion energies to the substrate on the wetting/dewetting behavior on nanopatterned substrates. We find a critical aspect ratio of the nanopillar or grating heights to the period of the pattern when the wetting/dewetting transition occurs. Furthermore, energy hysteresis analysis reveals dynamic detachment and re-engagement events during height adjustments, shedding light on energy barriers of 2D monolayer transferred on patterned substrates. Our findings offer avenues for strain engineering in 2D materials, leading to promising prospects for future technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davoud Adinehloo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14228 USA
| | - Joshua R Hendrickson
- Sensors Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory Wright-Patterson AFB Ohio 45433 USA
| | - Vasili Perebeinos
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14228 USA
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2
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Dong W, Dai Z, Liu L, Zhang Z. Toward Clean 2D Materials and Devices: Recent Progress in Transfer and Cleaning Methods. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2303014. [PMID: 38049925 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have tremendous potential to revolutionize the field of electronics and photonics. Unlocking such potential, however, is hampered by the presence of contaminants that usually impede the performance of 2D materials in devices. This perspective provides an overview of recent efforts to develop clean 2D materials and devices. It begins by discussing conventional and recently developed wet and dry transfer techniques and their effectiveness in maintaining material "cleanliness". Multi-scale methodologies for assessing the cleanliness of 2D material surfaces and interfaces are then reviewed. Finally, recent advances in passive and active cleaning strategies are presented, including the unique self-cleaning mechanism, thermal annealing, and mechanical treatment that rely on self-cleaning in essence. The crucial role of interface wetting in these methods is emphasized, and it is hoped that this understanding can inspire further extension and innovation of efficient transfer and cleaning of 2D materials for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaohe Dai
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Luqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
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3
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Ma C, Yang X, Chen Y, Chu J. Mechanical Mapping of Nanoblisters Confined by Two-Dimensional Materials Reveals Complex Ridge Patterns. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:8409-8417. [PMID: 38588456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanics of blisters confined by two-dimensional (2D) materials is of great importance for either fundamental studies or for their practical applications. In this work, we investigate the mechanical properties of nanoscale 2D material blisters using contact-resonance atomic force microscopy (CR-AFM). From the measurement results at the blister centers, the blisters' internal pressures are characterized, which are shown to be inversely proportional to the blisters' sizes. Our measurements agree considerably well with values predicted by theoretical mechanic analyses of the blisters. In addition, high-resolution mechanical mapping with CR-AFM reveals fine, complex ridge patterns of the blisters' confining membranes, which can hardly be distinguished from their topographies. The pattern complexity of a blister system is shown to increase with an increase in its bendability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfu Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xu Yang
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuhang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiaru Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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4
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Velja S, Krumland J, Cocchi C. Electronic properties of MoSe 2 nanowrinkles. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:7134-7144. [PMID: 38501908 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06261a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical deformations, either spontaneously occurring during sample preparation or purposely induced in their nanoscale manipulation, drastically affect the electronic and optical properties of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers. In this first-principles work based on density-functional theory, we shed light on the interplay among strain, curvature, and electronic structure of MoSe2 nanowrinkles. We analyze their structural properties highlighting the effects of coexisting local domains of tensile and compressive strain in the same system. By contrasting the band structures of the nanowrinkles against counterparts obtained for flat monolayers subject to the same amount of strain, we clarify that the specific features of the former, such as the moderate variation of the band-gap size and its persisting direct nature, are ruled by curvature rather than strain. The analysis of the wave-function distribution indicates strain-dependent localization of the frontier states in the conduction region while in the valence, the sensitivity to strain is much less pronounced. The discussion about transport properties, based on inspection of the effective masses, reveals excellent perspectives for these systems as active components for (opto)electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Velja
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Jannis Krumland
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
- Department of Physics and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Caterina Cocchi
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
- Department of Physics and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Dynamics (CeNaD), Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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5
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Stellino E, D'Alò B, Blundo E, Postorino P, Polimeni A. Fine-Tuning of the Excitonic Response in Monolayer WS 2 Domes via Coupled Pressure and Strain Variation. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3945-3951. [PMID: 38506837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
We present a spectroscopic investigation of the vibrational and optoelectronic properties of WS2 domes in the 0-0.65 GPa range. The pressure evolution of the system morphology, deduced by the combined analysis of Raman and photoluminescence spectra, revealed a significant variation in the dome's aspect ratio. The modification of the dome shape caused major changes in the mechanical properties of the system resulting in a sizable increase of the out-of-plane compressive strain while keeping the in-plane tensile strain unchanged. The variation of the strain gradients drives a nonlinear behavior in both the exciton energy and radiative recombination intensity, interpreted as the consequence of a hybridization mechanism between the electronic states of two distinct minima in the conduction band. Our results indicate that pressure and strain can be efficiently combined in low dimensional systems with unconventional morphology to obtain modulations of the electronic band structure not achievable in planar crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stellino
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Beatrice D'Alò
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Elena Blundo
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Postorino
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Polimeni
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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6
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Di Giorgio C, Blundo E, Basset J, Pettinari G, Felici M, Quay CHL, Rohart S, Polimeni A, Bobba F, Aprili M. Imaging the Quantum Capacitance of Strained MoS 2 Monolayers by Electrostatic Force Microscopy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3405-3413. [PMID: 38236606 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
We implemented radio frequency-assisted electrostatic force microscopy (RF-EFM) to investigate the electric field response of biaxially strained molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayers (MLs) in the form of mesoscopic bubbles, produced via hydrogen (H)-ion irradiation of the bulk crystal. MoS2 ML, a semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenide, has recently attracted significant attention due to its promising optoelectronic properties, further tunable by strain. Here, we take advantage of the RF excitation to distinguish the intrinsic quantum capacitance of the strained ML from that due to atomic scale defects, presumably sulfur vacancies or H-passivated sulfur vacancies. In fact, at frequencies fRF larger than the inverse defect trapping time, the defect contribution to the total capacitance and to transport is negligible. Using RF-EFM at fRF = 300 MHz, we visualize simultaneously the bubble topography and its quantum capacitance. Our finite-frequency capacitance imaging technique is noninvasive and nanoscale and can contribute to the investigation of time- and spatial-dependent phenomena, such as the electron compressibility in quantum materials, which are difficult to measure by other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Di Giorgio
- Department of Physics E.R. Caianiello, University of Salerno, Fisciano, 84084, Italy
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Elena Blundo
- Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Julien Basset
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Giorgio Pettinari
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, National Research Council (CNR-IFN), Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Marco Felici
- Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Charis H L Quay
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Stanislas Rohart
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Antonio Polimeni
- Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bobba
- Department of Physics E.R. Caianiello, University of Salerno, Fisciano, 84084, Italy
- SuPerconducting and other INnovative materials and devices institute, National Research Council (CNR-SPIN), Fisciano, 84084, Italy
| | - Marco Aprili
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
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7
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Pandey M, Ahuja R, Kumar R. Viscous fingering instabilities in spontaneously formed blisters of MoS 2 multilayers. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6617-6625. [PMID: 38024300 PMCID: PMC10662142 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00563a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The viscous fingering in the Hele-Shaw cell can be suppressed by replacing the upper-bounding rigid plate with an elastic membrane. Recently, graphene multilayers while polymer-curing-induced blistering showed the dynamical evolution of viscous fingering patterns on a viscoelastic substrate due to their thickness-dependent elasticity. Under certain conditions, the elastic solid-based instability couples with the viscoelastic substrate-based instability. The mechanisms underlying such a coupling in the blisters of 2D materials and the dynamical evolution of the viscous fingering patterns underneath the blisters are yet to be addressed. Herein, we investigate the viscous fingering instabilities in spontaneously formed blisters of MoS2 multilayers, and provide thorough analytical and experimental insights for the elucidation of the dynamical evolution of the viscous fingering patterns and the coupled instabilities in the blisters. We also estimate the interfacial adhesion energy of the MoS2 flakes over a (poly)vinyl alcohol (PVA) substrate and the confinement pressure inside the MoS2 blisters using a conventional blister-test model. It is observed that the presence of instability gives rise to anomalies in the modeling of the blister test. The adhesion mechanical insights would be beneficial for fundamental research as well as practical applications of 2D material blisters in flexible optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Pandey
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Rupnagar Punjab-140001 India
| | - Rajeev Ahuja
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Rupnagar Punjab-140001 India
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University Box 516 Uppsala-75120 Sweden
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Rupnagar Punjab-140001 India
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8
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Xu J, Liu W, Tang W, Liu G, Zhu Y, Yuan G, Wang L, Xi X, Gao L. Trapping Hydrogen Molecules between Perfect Graphene. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8203-8210. [PMID: 37584336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of deep understanding of hydrogen intercalation into graphite due to many challenges faced during characterization of the systems. Therefore, a suitable route to trap isolated hydrogen molecules (H2) between the perfect graphite lattices needs to be found. Here we realize the formation of hydrogen bubbles in graphite with controllable density, size, and layer number. We find that the molecular H2 cannot be diffused between nor escape from the defect-free graphene lattices, and it remains stable in the pressurized bubbles up to 400 °C. The internal pressure of H2 inside the bubbles is strongly temperature dependent, and it decreases as the temperature rises. The proton permeation rate can be estimated at a specific plasma power. The producing method of H2 bubbles offers a useful way for storing hydrogen in layered materials, and these materials provide a prospective research platform for studying nontrivial quantum effects in confined H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Weilin Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wenna Tang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Gan Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yujian Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Guowen Yuan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Xi
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Libo Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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9
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Korneva M, Zhilyaev P. Solid-liquid phase transition inside van der Waals nanobubbles: an atomistic perspective. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37432424 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01285a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The liquid-solid phase transition during the confinement of a van der Waals bubble is studied using molecular dynamics simulations. In particular, argon is considered inside a graphene bubble, where the outer membrane is a sheet of graphene, and the substrate is atomically flat graphite. A methodology to avoid metastable states of argon is developed and implemented to derive a melting curve of trapped argon. It is found that in the confinement, the melting curve of argon shifts toward higher temperatures, and the temperature shift is about 10-30 K. The ratio of the height to the radius of the GNB (H/R) decreases with increasing temperature. It also most likely undergoes an abrupt change through the liquid-crystal phase transition. The semi-liquid state of argon was detected in the transition region. At this state, the argon structure stays layered, but the atoms travel distances of several lattice constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Korneva
- Center for Materials Technologies, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Building 3, Moscow, 143026, Russia.
| | - Petr Zhilyaev
- Center for Materials Technologies, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Building 3, Moscow, 143026, Russia.
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10
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Liu B, Yildirim T, Lü T, Blundo E, Wang L, Jiang L, Zou H, Zhang L, Zhao H, Yin Z, Tian F, Polimeni A, Lu Y. Variant Plateau's law in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenide dome networks. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1050. [PMID: 36828812 PMCID: PMC9958105 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its fundamental inception from soap bubbles, Plateau's law has sparked extensive research in equilibrated states. However, most studies primarily relied on liquids, foams or cellular structures, whereas its applicability has yet to be explored in nano-scale solid films. Here, we observed a variant Plateau's law in networks of atomically thin domes made of solid two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Discrete layer-dependent van der Waals (vdWs) interaction energies were experimentally and theoretically obtained for domes protruding in different TMD layers. Significant surface tension differences from layer-dependent vdWs interaction energies manifest in a variant of this fundamental law. The equivalent surface tension ranges from 2.4 to 3.6 N/m, around two orders of magnitude greater than conventional liquid films, enabling domes to sustain high gas pressure and exist in a fundamentally variant nature for several years. Our findings pave the way towards exploring variant discretised states with applications in opto-electro-mechanical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqing Liu
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Tanju Yildirim
- grid.21941.3f0000 0001 0789 6880Center for Functional Sensor & Actuator (CFSN), Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Tieyu Lü
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 China
| | - Elena Blundo
- grid.7841.aDipartimento di Fisica Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Li Wang
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600 Australia
| | - Lixue Jiang
- grid.1022.10000 0004 0437 5432Centre for Catalysis and Clean Energy, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222 Australia
| | - Hongshuai Zou
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 China
| | - Huijun Zhao
- grid.1022.10000 0004 0437 5432Centre for Catalysis and Clean Energy, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222 Australia
| | - Zongyou Yin
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Fangbao Tian
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600 Australia
| | - Antonio Polimeni
- Dipartimento di Fisica Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Roma, Italy.
| | - Yuerui Lu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. .,ARC Centre of Excellence in Quantum Computation and Communication Technology ANU node, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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11
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Wang Z, Gao M, Yu T, Zhou S, Xu M, Hirayama M, Arita R, Shiomi Y, Zhou W, Ogawa N. Real-Space Observation of Ripple-Induced Symmetry Crossover in Ultrathin MnPS 3. ACS NANO 2023; 17:1916-1924. [PMID: 36700561 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Stacking order is expected to have a significant impact on the properties of van der Waals layered magnets, as it determines the crystallographic and magnetic symmetry. Recent synchrotron-based optical studies on antiferromagnetic MnPS3 have revealed a thickness-dependent symmetry crossover, suggesting possible different stackings in few-layer crystals from the bulk, which, however, has not been explicitly identified. Here, by using a combination of atomic-scale electron microscopy and theoretical calculations, we show that despite the bulk monoclinic stacking persists macroscopically down to bilayer, additional local rippling effect lifts the monoclinic symmetry of the few layers while preserving the trigonal symmetry of individual monolayers, leading to possible monolayer-like behavior in ultrathin MnPS3 samples. This finding reveals the profound impact of rippling on the microscopic symmetry of two-dimensional materials with weak interlayer interactions and raises the possibility of approaching the paradigmatic two-dimensional Néel antiferromagnetic honeycomb lattice in MnPS3 without reaching monolayer thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Wang
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako351-0198, Japan
| | - Meng Gao
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Tonghua Yu
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Siyuan Zhou
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Mingquan Xu
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Motoaki Hirayama
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Arita
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako351-0198, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo153-8904, Japan
| | - Yuki Shiomi
- Department of Basic Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo153-8902, Japan
| | - Wu Zhou
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Naoki Ogawa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
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12
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Fang Z, Dai Z, Wang B, Tian Z, Yu C, Chen Q, Wei X. Pull-to-Peel of Two-Dimensional Materials for the Simultaneous Determination of Elasticity and Adhesion. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:742-749. [PMID: 36472369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The flexible and clinging nature of ultrathin films requires an understanding of their elastic and adhesive properties in a wide range of circumstances from fabrications to applications. Simultaneously measuring both properties, however, is extremely difficult as the film thickness diminishes to the nanoscale. Here we address such difficulties through peeling by pulling thin films off from the substrates (we thus refer to it as "pull-to-peel"). Particularly, we perform in situ pull-to-peel of graphene and MoS2 films in a scanning electron microscope and achieve simultaneous determination of their Young's moduli and adhesions to gold substrates. This is in striking contrast to other conceptually similar tests available in the literature, including indentation tests (only measuring elasticity) and spontaneous blisters (only measuring adhesion). Furthermore, we show a weakly nonlinear Hooke's relation for the pull-to-peel response of two-dimensional materials, which may be harnessed for the design of nanoscale force sensors or exploited in other thin-film systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohe Dai
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongzheng Tian
- School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanli Yu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Chen
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianlong Wei
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing100871, People's Republic of China
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13
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Lu N, Nam JM. Announcing the Winner of the Inaugural Nano Letters Seed Grant Program, Europe and Australia Region. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8035-8036. [PMID: 36200675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nanshu Lu
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jwa-Min Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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14
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Lyu X, Tan Q, Wu L, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Mu Z, Zúñiga-Pérez J, Cai H, Gao W. Strain Quantum Sensing with Spin Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6553-6559. [PMID: 35960708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride is not only a promising functional material for the development of two-dimensional optoelectronic devices but also a good candidate for quantum sensing thanks to the presence of quantum emitters in the form of atom-like defects. Their exploitation in quantum technologies necessitates understanding their coherence properties as well as their sensitivity to external stimuli. In this work, we probe the strain configuration of boron vacancy centers (VB-) created by ion implantation in h-BN flakes thanks to wide-field spatially resolved optically detected magnetic resonance and submicro Raman spectroscopy. Our experiments demonstrate the ability of VB- for quantum sensing of strain and, given the omnipresence of h-BN in 2D-based devices, open the door for in situ imaging of strain under working conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Lyu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
- The Photonics Institute and Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Qinghai Tan
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Lishu Wu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Chusheng Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhaowei Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhao Mu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jesús Zúñiga-Pérez
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
- MajuLab, International Research Laboratory IRL 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Hongbing Cai
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Weibo Gao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
- The Photonics Institute and Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore
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15
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Blundo E, Junior PEF, Surrente A, Pettinari G, Prosnikov MA, Olkowska-Pucko K, Zollner K, Woźniak T, Chaves A, Kazimierczuk T, Felici M, Babiński A, Molas MR, Christianen PCM, Fabian J, Polimeni A. Strain-Induced Exciton Hybridization in WS_{2} Monolayers Unveiled by Zeeman-Splitting Measurements. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:067402. [PMID: 36018658 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.067402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical deformations and ensuing strain are routinely exploited to tune the band gap energy and to enhance the functionalities of two-dimensional crystals. In this Letter, we show that strain leads also to a strong modification of the exciton magnetic moment in WS_{2} monolayers. Zeeman-splitting measurements under magnetic fields up to 28.5 T were performed on single, one-layer-thick WS_{2} microbubbles. The strain of the bubbles causes a hybridization of k-space direct and indirect excitons resulting in a sizable decrease in the modulus of the g factor of the ground-state exciton. These findings indicate that strain may have major effects on the way the valley number of excitons can be used to process binary information in two-dimensional crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Blundo
- Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paulo E Faria Junior
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Surrente
- Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Giorgio Pettinari
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, National Research Council, 00156 Rome, Italy
| | - Mikhail A Prosnikov
- High Field Magnet Laboratory, HFML-EMFL, Radboud University, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Olkowska-Pucko
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaus Zollner
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tomasz Woźniak
- Department of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrey Chaves
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-900 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Tomasz Kazimierczuk
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marco Felici
- Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Adam Babiński
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej R Molas
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Peter C M Christianen
- High Field Magnet Laboratory, HFML-EMFL, Radboud University, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaroslav Fabian
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antonio Polimeni
- Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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16
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Pandey M, Kumar R. Polymer curing assisted formation of optically visible sub-micron blisters of multilayer graphene for local strain engineering. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:245401. [PMID: 35344935 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac61b4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The local or global straining techniques are used to modulate the electronic, vibrational and optical properties of the two-dimensional (2D) materials. However, manipulating the physical properties of a 2D material under a local strain is comparatively more challenging. In this work, we demonstrate an easy and efficient polymer curing assisted technique for the formation of optically visible multilayer graphene (MLG) blisters of different shapes and sizes. The detailed spectroscopic and morphological analyses have been employed for exploring the dynamics of the confined matter inside the sub-micron blisters, which confirms that the confined matter inside the blister is liquid (water). From further analyses, we find the nonlinear elastic plate model as an acceptable model under certain limits for the mechanical analyses of the MLG blisters over the (poly)vinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer film to estimate the MLG-substrate interfacial adhesion energy and confinement pressure inside the blisters. The findings open new pathways for exploiting the technique for the formation of sub-micron blisters of the 2D materials for local strain-engineering applications, as well as the temperature-controlled release of the confined matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Pandey
- T-GraMS Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab - 140001, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- T-GraMS Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab - 140001, India
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17
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Aslyamov T, Zahra KM, Zhilyaev P, Walton AS. Universal shape of graphene nanobubbles on metallic substrate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:6935-6940. [PMID: 35254356 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05902e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanobubbles (GNBs) are formed from matter trapped between a two-dimensional material and a substrate. Such structures exhibit a wide range of new fundamental phenomena and are promising for nanoelectronic applications. However, a central part of the synthesis methods leads to the formation of GNBs with undetermined matter composition. Moreover, none of the GNBs' synthesis methods allow one to control the type of trapped matter. In a recent paper [K. M. Zahra, PCCP, 22,7606 (2020)], the authors proposed a new approach that allows the production of GNBs on a copper substrate with pure nitrogen inside in a controlled manner. In this work, we continue this research by studying the geometry of the GNBs in detail and indirectly measuring the internal pressure, which depends on the van der Waals adhesion energy and elastic properties of the graphene membrane. In agreement with other studies, we observe that dome-shaped bubbles exhibit universal scaling law, i.e., constant height to radius ratio. However, the measured height to radius ratio differs significantly from the known results of experiments and computer simulations. This deviation is explained by applying the membrane theory and taking into account the high adhesion of the copper substrate and graphene sheet. The adhesion energy calculated based on experimental data is close to the measurements performed by other experimental techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Aslyamov
- Center for Materials Technologies, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, Moscow 121205, Russia.
| | - Khadisha M Zahra
- Department of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Petr Zhilyaev
- Center for Materials Technologies, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, Moscow 121205, Russia.
| | - Alex S Walton
- Department of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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18
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Blundo E, Surrente A, Spirito D, Pettinari G, Yildirim T, Chavarin CA, Baldassarre L, Felici M, Polimeni A. Vibrational Properties in Highly Strained Hexagonal Boron Nitride Bubbles. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1525-1533. [PMID: 35107287 PMCID: PMC8880391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is widely used as a protective layer for few-atom-thick crystals and heterostructures (HSs), and it hosts quantum emitters working up to room temperature. In both instances, strain is expected to play an important role, either as an unavoidable presence in the HS fabrication or as a tool to tune the quantum emitter electronic properties. Addressing the role of strain and exploiting its tuning potentiality require the development of efficient methods to control it and of reliable tools to quantify it. Here we present a technique based on hydrogen irradiation to induce the formation of wrinkles and bubbles in hBN, resulting in remarkably high strains of ∼2%. By combining infrared (IR) near-field scanning optical microscopy and micro-Raman measurements with numerical calculations, we characterize the response to strain for both IR-active and Raman-active modes, revealing the potential of the vibrational properties of hBN as highly sensitive strain probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Blundo
- Physics
Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Surrente
- Physics
Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Davide Spirito
- IHP-Leibniz
Institut fur Innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, 15236 Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
| | - Giorgio Pettinari
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), National Research Council, 00156 Rome, Italy
| | - Tanju Yildirim
- Center
for Functional Sensor & Actuator (CFSN), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Carlos Alvarado Chavarin
- IHP-Leibniz
Institut fur Innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, 15236 Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
| | - Leonetta Baldassarre
- Physics
Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IHP-Leibniz
Institut fur Innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, 15236 Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
| | - Marco Felici
- Physics
Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Polimeni
- Physics
Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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19
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Vasić B, Ralević U, Aškrabić S, Čapeta D, Kralj M. Correlation between morphology and local mechanical and electrical properties of van der Waals heterostructures. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:155707. [PMID: 34972096 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac475a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Properties of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures strongly depend on the quality of the interface between two dimensional (2D) layers. Instead of having atomically flat, clean, and chemically inert interfaces without dangling bonds, top-down vdW heterostructures are associated with bubbles and intercalated layers (ILs) which trap contaminations appeared during fabrication process. We investigate their influence on local electrical and mechanical properties of MoS2/WS2heterostructures using atomic force microscopy (AFM) based methods. It is demonstrated that domains containing bubbles and ILs are locally softer, with increased friction and energy dissipation. Since they prevent sharp interfaces and efficient charge transfer between 2D layers, electrical current and contact potential difference are strongly decreased. In order to reestablish a close contact between MoS2and WS2layers, vdW heterostructures were locally flattened by scanning with AFM tip in contact mode or just locally pressed with an increased normal load. Subsequent electrical measurements reveal that the contact potential difference between two layers strongly increases due to enabled charge transfer, while localI/Vcurves exhibit increased conductivity without undesired potential barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borislav Vasić
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uroš Ralević
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Aškrabić
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Davor Čapeta
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Institute of Physics, Bijenička 46, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Kralj
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Institute of Physics, Bijenička 46, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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20
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Rosati R, Lengers F, Carmesin C, Florian M, Kuhn T, Jahnke F, Lorke M, Reiter DE. Electron Dynamics in a Two-Dimensional Nanobubble: A Two-Level System Based on Spatial Density. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9896-9902. [PMID: 34812637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanobubbles formed in monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) on top of a substrate feature localized potentials in which electrons can be captured. We show that the captured electronic density can exhibit a nontrivial spatiotemporal dynamics, whose movements can be mapped to states in a two-level system illustrated as points of an electronic Poincaré sphere. These states can be fully controlled, i.e, initialized and switched, by multiple electronic wave packets. Our results could be the foundation for novel implementations of quantum circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rosati
- Department of Physics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 7, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Frank Lengers
- Institut of Solid State Theory, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Carmesin
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Matthias Florian
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Tilmann Kuhn
- Institut of Solid State Theory, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Jahnke
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Michael Lorke
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Doris E Reiter
- Institut of Solid State Theory, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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21
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Di Giorgio C, Blundo E, Pettinari G, Felici M, Polimeni A, Bobba F. Exceptional Elasticity of Microscale Constrained MoS 2 Domes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:48228-48238. [PMID: 34592817 PMCID: PMC8517950 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The outstanding mechanical performances of two-dimensional (2D) materials make them appealing for the emerging fields of flextronics and straintronics. However, their manufacturing and integration in 2D crystal-based devices rely on a thorough knowledge of their hardness, elasticity, and interface mechanics. Here, we investigate the elasticity of highly strained monolayer-thick MoS2 membranes, in the shape of micrometer-sized domes, by atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanoindentation experiments. A dome's crushing procedure is performed to induce a local re-adhesion of the dome's membrane to the bulk substrate under the AFM tip's load. It is worth noting that no breakage, damage, or variation in size and shape are recorded in 95% of the crushed domes upon unloading. Furthermore, such a procedure paves the way to address quantitatively the extent of the van der Waals interlayer interaction and adhesion of MoS2 by studying pull-in instabilities and hysteresis of the loading-unloading cycles. The fundamental role and advantage of using a superimposed dome's constraint are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Di Giorgio
- Department
of Physics E.R. Caianiello, University of
Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- INFN,
Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Elena Blundo
- Physics
Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pettinari
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), National Research Council, 00156 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Felici
- Physics
Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Polimeni
- Physics
Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bobba
- Department
of Physics E.R. Caianiello, University of
Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- INFN,
Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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