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Akerib DS, Alsum S, Araújo HM, Bai X, Balajthy J, Bang J, Baxter A, Bernard EP, Bernstein A, Biesiadzinski TP, Boulton EM, Boxer B, Brás P, Burdin S, Byram D, Carmona-Benitez MC, Chan C, Cutter JE, de Viveiros L, Druszkiewicz E, Fan A, Fiorucci S, Gaitskell RJ, Ghag C, Gilchriese MGD, Gwilliam C, Hall CR, Haselschwardt SJ, Hertel SA, Hogan DP, Horn M, Huang DQ, Ignarra CM, Jacobsen RG, Jahangir O, Ji W, Kamdin K, Kazkaz K, Khaitan D, Korolkova EV, Kravitz S, Kudryavtsev VA, Leason E, Lesko KT, Liao J, Lin J, Lindote A, Lopes MI, Manalaysay A, Mannino RL, Marangou N, McKinsey DN, Mei DM, Morad JA, Murphy ASJ, Naylor A, Nehrkorn C, Nelson HN, Neves F, Nilima A, Oliver-Mallory KC, Palladino KJ, Rhyne C, Riffard Q, Rischbieter GRC, Rossiter P, Shaw S, Shutt TA, Silva C, Solmaz M, Solovov VN, Sorensen P, Sumner TJ, Swanson N, Szydagis M, Taylor DJ, Taylor R, Taylor WC, Tennyson BP, Terman PA, Tiedt DR, To WH, Tvrznikova L, Utku U, Vacheret A, Vaitkus A, Velan V, Webb RC, White JT, Whitis TJ, Witherell MS, Wolfs FLH, Woodward D, Xiang X, Xu J, Zhang C. Nuclear Recoil Calibration at Sub-keV Energies in LUX and Its Impact on Dark Matter Search Sensitivity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2025; 134:061002. [PMID: 40021173 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.134.061002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2025] [Indexed: 03/03/2025]
Abstract
Dual-phase xenon time projection chamber (TPC) detectors offer heightened sensitivities for dark matter detection across a spectrum of particle masses. To broaden their capability to low-mass dark matter interactions, we investigated the light and charge responses of liquid xenon (LXe) to sub-keV nuclear recoils. Using neutron events from a pulsed Adelphi Deuterium-Deuterium neutron generator, an in situ calibration was conducted on the LUX detector. We demonstrate direct measurements of light and charge yields down to 0.45 and 0.27 keV, respectively, both approaching single quanta production, the physical limit of LXe detectors. These results hold significant implications for the future of dual-phase xenon TPCs in detecting low-mass dark matter via nuclear recoils.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Akerib
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - S Alsum
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - H M Araújo
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - X Bai
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - J Balajthy
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - J Bang
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - A Baxter
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E P Bernard
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Bernstein
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - T P Biesiadzinski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - E M Boulton
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - B Boxer
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - P Brás
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S Burdin
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D Byram
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - M C Carmona-Benitez
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - C Chan
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - J E Cutter
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - L de Viveiros
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - E Druszkiewicz
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York, 14627, USA
| | - A Fan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - S Fiorucci
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R J Gaitskell
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - C Ghag
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - M G D Gilchriese
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Gwilliam
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C R Hall
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S J Haselschwardt
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - S A Hertel
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Department of Physics, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
| | - D P Hogan
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Horn
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - D Q Huang
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - C M Ignarra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - R G Jacobsen
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - O Jahangir
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - W Ji
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - K Kamdin
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Kazkaz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D Khaitan
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York, 14627, USA
| | - E V Korolkova
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - S Kravitz
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - V A Kudryavtsev
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - E Leason
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - K T Lesko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Liao
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - J Lin
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Lindote
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M I Lopes
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Manalaysay
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R L Mannino
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Texas A & M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - N Marangou
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - D N McKinsey
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D-M Mei
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - J A Morad
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - A St J Murphy
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - A Naylor
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - C Nehrkorn
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - H N Nelson
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - F Neves
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Nilima
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - K C Oliver-Mallory
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K J Palladino
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - C Rhyne
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Q Riffard
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G R C Rischbieter
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - P Rossiter
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - S Shaw
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - T A Shutt
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Silva
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Solmaz
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - V N Solovov
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Sorensen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T J Sumner
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - N Swanson
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - M Szydagis
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - D J Taylor
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - R Taylor
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - W C Taylor
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - B P Tennyson
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - P A Terman
- Texas A & M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - D R Tiedt
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - W H To
- California State University Stanislaus, Department of Physics, 1 University Circle, Turlock, California 95382, USA
| | - L Tvrznikova
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - U Utku
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - A Vacheret
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Vaitkus
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - V Velan
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R C Webb
- Texas A & M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - J T White
- Texas A & M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - T J Whitis
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M S Witherell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F L H Wolfs
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York, 14627, USA
| | - D Woodward
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - X Xiang
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - J Xu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - C Zhang
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
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Aprile E, Aalbers J, Abe K, Ahmed Maouloud S, Althueser L, Andrieu B, Angelino E, Antón Martin D, Arneodo F, Baudis L, Bazyk M, Bellagamba L, Biondi R, Bismark A, Boese K, Brown A, Bruno G, Budnik R, Cai C, Capelli C, Cardoso JMR, Cimental Chávez AP, Colijn AP, Conrad J, Cuenca-García JJ, D'Andrea V, Daniel Garcia LC, Decowski MP, Deisting A, Di Donato C, Di Gangi P, Diglio S, Eitel K, Elykov A, Ferella AD, Ferrari C, Fischer H, Flehmke T, Flierman M, Fulgione W, Fuselli C, Gaemers P, Gaior R, Galloway M, Gao F, Ghosh S, Giacomobono R, Glade-Beucke R, Grandi L, Grigat J, Guan H, Guida M, Gyorgy P, Hammann R, Higuera A, Hils C, Hoetzsch L, Hood NF, Iacovacci M, Itow Y, Jakob J, Joerg F, Kaminaga Y, Kara M, Kavrigin P, Kazama S, Kobayashi M, Koke D, Kopec A, Kuger F, Landsman H, Lang RF, Levinson L, Li I, Li S, Liang S, Lin YT, Lindemann S, Lindner M, Liu K, Liu M, Loizeau J, Lombardi F, Long J, Lopes JAM, Luce T, Ma Y, Macolino C, Mahlstedt J, Mancuso A, Manenti L, Marignetti F, Marrodán Undagoitia T, Martens K, Masbou J, Masson E, Mastroianni S, Melchiorre A, Merz J, Messina M, et alAprile E, Aalbers J, Abe K, Ahmed Maouloud S, Althueser L, Andrieu B, Angelino E, Antón Martin D, Arneodo F, Baudis L, Bazyk M, Bellagamba L, Biondi R, Bismark A, Boese K, Brown A, Bruno G, Budnik R, Cai C, Capelli C, Cardoso JMR, Cimental Chávez AP, Colijn AP, Conrad J, Cuenca-García JJ, D'Andrea V, Daniel Garcia LC, Decowski MP, Deisting A, Di Donato C, Di Gangi P, Diglio S, Eitel K, Elykov A, Ferella AD, Ferrari C, Fischer H, Flehmke T, Flierman M, Fulgione W, Fuselli C, Gaemers P, Gaior R, Galloway M, Gao F, Ghosh S, Giacomobono R, Glade-Beucke R, Grandi L, Grigat J, Guan H, Guida M, Gyorgy P, Hammann R, Higuera A, Hils C, Hoetzsch L, Hood NF, Iacovacci M, Itow Y, Jakob J, Joerg F, Kaminaga Y, Kara M, Kavrigin P, Kazama S, Kobayashi M, Koke D, Kopec A, Kuger F, Landsman H, Lang RF, Levinson L, Li I, Li S, Liang S, Lin YT, Lindemann S, Lindner M, Liu K, Liu M, Loizeau J, Lombardi F, Long J, Lopes JAM, Luce T, Ma Y, Macolino C, Mahlstedt J, Mancuso A, Manenti L, Marignetti F, Marrodán Undagoitia T, Martens K, Masbou J, Masson E, Mastroianni S, Melchiorre A, Merz J, Messina M, Michael A, Miuchi K, Molinario A, Moriyama S, Morå K, Mosbacher Y, Murra M, Müller J, Ni K, Oberlack U, Paetsch B, Pan Y, Pellegrini Q, Peres R, Peters C, Pienaar J, Pierre M, Plante G, Pollmann TR, Principe L, Qi J, Qin J, Ramírez García D, Rajado M, Singh R, Sanchez L, Dos Santos JMF, Sarnoff I, Sartorelli G, Schreiner J, Schulte P, Schulze Eißing H, Schumann M, Scotto Lavina L, Selvi M, Semeria F, Shagin P, Shi S, Shi J, Silva M, Simgen H, Takeda A, Tan PL, Thers D, Toschi F, Trinchero G, Tunnell CD, Tönnies F, Valerius K, Vecchi S, Vetter S, Villazon Solar FI, Volta G, Weinheimer C, Weiss M, Wenz D, Wittweg C, Wu VHS, Xing Y, Xu D, Xu Z, Yamashita M, Yang L, Ye J, Yuan L, Zavattini G, Zhong M. First Indication of Solar ^{8}B Neutrinos via Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering with XENONnT. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:191002. [PMID: 39576901 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.191002] [Show More Authors] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024]
Abstract
We present the first measurement of nuclear recoils from solar ^{8}B neutrinos via coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering with the XENONnT dark matter experiment. The central detector of XENONnT is a low-background, two-phase time projection chamber with a 5.9 t sensitive liquid xenon target. A blind analysis with an exposure of 3.51 t×yr resulted in 37 observed events above 0.5 keV, with (26.4_{-1.3}^{+1.4}) events expected from backgrounds. The background-only hypothesis is rejected with a statistical significance of 2.73σ. The measured ^{8}B solar neutrino flux of (4.7_{-2.3}^{+3.6})×10^{6} cm^{-2} s^{-1} is consistent with results from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. The measured neutrino flux-weighted CEνNS cross section on Xe of (1.1_{-0.5}^{+0.8})×10^{-39} cm^{2} is consistent with the Standard Model prediction. This is the first direct measurement of nuclear recoils from solar neutrinos with a dark matter detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Aprile
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - J Aalbers
- Nikhef and the University of Groningen, Van Swinderen Institute, 9747AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - K Abe
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | | | - L Althueser
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - B Andrieu
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - E Angelino
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - D Antón Martin
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - F Arneodo
- New York University Abu Dhabi - Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - L Baudis
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Bazyk
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - L Bellagamba
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - R Biondi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Bismark
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - K Boese
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Brown
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - G Bruno
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - R Budnik
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - C Cai
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - C Capelli
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J M R Cardoso
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - A P Colijn
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Conrad
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | | | - V D'Andrea
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - M P Decowski
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Deisting
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Di Donato
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - P Di Gangi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - S Diglio
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - K Eitel
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Elykov
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A D Ferella
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - C Ferrari
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - H Fischer
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - T Flehmke
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - M Flierman
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - W Fulgione
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - C Fuselli
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Gaemers
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Gaior
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M Galloway
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Gao
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - S Ghosh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - R Giacomobono
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - R Glade-Beucke
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - L Grandi
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J Grigat
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - H Guan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - M Guida
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Gyorgy
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Hammann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Higuera
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - C Hils
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L Hoetzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N F Hood
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - M Iacovacci
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Y Itow
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - J Jakob
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - F Joerg
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Kaminaga
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - M Kara
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Kavrigin
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - S Kazama
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - M Kobayashi
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - D Koke
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - A Kopec
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - F Kuger
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - H Landsman
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - R F Lang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - L Levinson
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - I Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - S Li
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, People's Republic of China
| | - S Liang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Y-T Lin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Lindemann
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Lindner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Liu
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - M Liu
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - J Loizeau
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - F Lombardi
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Long
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J A M Lopes
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - T Luce
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Y Ma
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - C Macolino
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - J Mahlstedt
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - A Mancuso
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - L Manenti
- New York University Abu Dhabi - Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - F Marignetti
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - K Martens
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - J Masbou
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - E Masson
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S Mastroianni
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Melchiorre
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - J Merz
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Messina
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A Michael
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - K Miuchi
- Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - A Molinario
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - S Moriyama
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - K Morå
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Y Mosbacher
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - M Murra
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - J Müller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - K Ni
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - U Oberlack
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Paetsch
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Y Pan
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Q Pellegrini
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - R Peres
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Peters
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - J Pienaar
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - M Pierre
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G Plante
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - T R Pollmann
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L Principe
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - J Qi
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J Qin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | | | - M Rajado
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - L Sanchez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - J M F Dos Santos
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - I Sarnoff
- New York University Abu Dhabi - Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - G Sartorelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - J Schreiner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Schulte
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - H Schulze Eißing
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M Schumann
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - M Selvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - F Semeria
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - P Shagin
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Shi
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - J Shi
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - M Silva
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - H Simgen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Takeda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - P-L Tan
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - D Thers
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - F Toschi
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G Trinchero
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - C D Tunnell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - F Tönnies
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - K Valerius
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Vecchi
- INFN-Ferrara and Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Vetter
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F I Villazon Solar
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - G Volta
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Weinheimer
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M Weiss
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - D Wenz
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - C Wittweg
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V H S Wu
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Y Xing
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - D Xu
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Z Xu
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - M Yamashita
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - L Yang
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J Ye
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, People's Republic of China
| | - L Yuan
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - G Zavattini
- INFN-Ferrara and Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Zhong
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Bo Z, Chen W, Chen X, Chen Y, Cheng Z, Cui X, Fan Y, Fang D, Gao Z, Geng L, Giboni K, Guo X, Guo X, Guo Z, Han C, Han K, He C, He J, Huang D, Huang H, Huang J, Hou R, Hou Y, Ji X, Ji X, Ju Y, Li C, Li J, Li M, Li S, Li T, Li Z, Lin Q, Liu J, Lu C, Lu X, Luo L, Luo Y, Ma W, Ma Y, Mao Y, Meng Y, Ning X, Pang B, Qi N, Qian Z, Ren X, Shan D, Shang X, Shao X, Shen G, Shen M, Sun W, Tao Y, Wang A, Wang G, Wang H, Wang J, Wang L, Wang M, Wang Q, Wang S, Wang S, Wang W, Wang X, Wang X, Wang Z, Wei Y, Wu W, Wu Y, Xiao M, Xiao X, Xiong K, Xu Y, Yao S, Yan B, Yan X, Yang Y, Ye P, Yu C, Yuan Y, Yuan Z, Yun Y, Zeng X, Zhang M, Zhang P, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang T, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Zhou J, Zhou J, Zhou J, Zhou N, Zhou X, Zhou Y, et alBo Z, Chen W, Chen X, Chen Y, Cheng Z, Cui X, Fan Y, Fang D, Gao Z, Geng L, Giboni K, Guo X, Guo X, Guo Z, Han C, Han K, He C, He J, Huang D, Huang H, Huang J, Hou R, Hou Y, Ji X, Ji X, Ju Y, Li C, Li J, Li M, Li S, Li T, Li Z, Lin Q, Liu J, Lu C, Lu X, Luo L, Luo Y, Ma W, Ma Y, Mao Y, Meng Y, Ning X, Pang B, Qi N, Qian Z, Ren X, Shan D, Shang X, Shao X, Shen G, Shen M, Sun W, Tao Y, Wang A, Wang G, Wang H, Wang J, Wang L, Wang M, Wang Q, Wang S, Wang S, Wang W, Wang X, Wang X, Wang Z, Wei Y, Wu W, Wu Y, Xiao M, Xiao X, Xiong K, Xu Y, Yao S, Yan B, Yan X, Yang Y, Ye P, Yu C, Yuan Y, Yuan Z, Yun Y, Zeng X, Zhang M, Zhang P, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang T, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Zhou J, Zhou J, Zhou J, Zhou N, Zhou X, Zhou Y, Zhou Z. First Indication of Solar ^{8}B Neutrinos through Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering in PandaX-4T. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:191001. [PMID: 39576898 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.191001] [Show More Authors] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024]
Abstract
The PandaX-4T liquid xenon detector at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory is used to measure the solar ^{8}B neutrino flux by detecting neutrinos through coherent scattering with xenon nuclei. Data samples requiring the coincidence of scintillation and ionization signals (paired), as well as unpaired ionization-only signals (US2), are selected with energy threshold of approximately 1.1 keV (0.33 keV) nuclear recoil energy. Combining the commissioning run and the first science run of PandaX-4T, a total exposure of 1.20 and 1.04 tonne·year are collected for the paired and US2, respectively. After unblinding, 3 and 332 events are observed with an expectation of 2.8±0.5 and 251±32 background events, for the paired and US2 data, respectively. A combined analysis yields a best-fit ^{8}B neutrino signal of 3.5 (75) events from the paired (US2) data sample, with ∼37% uncertainty, and the background-only hypothesis is disfavored at 2.64σ significance. This gives a solar ^{8}B neutrino flux of (8.4±3.1)×10^{6} cm^{-2} s^{-1}, consistent with the standard solar model prediction. It is also the first indication of solar ^{8}B neutrino "fog" in a dark matter direct detection experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Bo
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xun Chen
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Yunhua Chen
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Zhaokan Cheng
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Xiangyi Cui
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yingjie Fan
- Department of Physics, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Deqing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhixing Gao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lisheng Geng
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
- Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- International Research Center for Nuclei and Particles in the Cosmos & Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Materials and Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Southern Center for Nuclear-Science Theory (SCNT), Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huizhou 516000, China
| | - Karl Giboni
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Xunan Guo
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xuyuan Guo
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Zichao Guo
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chencheng Han
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ke Han
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Changda He
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinrong He
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Di Huang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Houqi Huang
- SJTU Paris Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junting Huang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Ruquan Hou
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Yu Hou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiangdong Ji
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Xiangpan Ji
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yonglin Ju
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chenxiang Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiafu Li
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Mingchuan Li
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Shuaijie Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Tao Li
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | | | - Jianglai Liu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Congcong Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoying Lu
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lingyin Luo
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | | | - Wenbo Ma
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yugang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yajun Mao
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yue Meng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Xuyang Ning
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Binyu Pang
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ningchun Qi
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Zhicheng Qian
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiangxiang Ren
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Dong Shan
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiyuan Shao
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guofang Shen
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Manbin Shen
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Wenliang Sun
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Yi Tao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Anqing Wang
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Guanbo Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shaobo Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- SJTU Paris Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Siguang Wang
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xu Wang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Yuehuan Wei
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Weihao Wu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Yuan Wu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mengjiao Xiao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Kaizhi Xiong
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shunyu Yao
- SJTU Paris Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Binbin Yan
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiyu Yan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Peihua Ye
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunxu Yu
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhe Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Youhui Yun
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinning Zeng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Minzhen Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Shibo Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Wei Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Li Zhao
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Jifang Zhou
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Jiaxu Zhou
- SJTU Paris Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiayi Zhou
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Xiaopeng Zhou
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhizhen Zhou
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
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Baudis L. Dual-phase xenon time projection chambers for rare-event searches. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2024; 382:20230083. [PMID: 38104624 PMCID: PMC10725769 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, dual-phase xenon time projection chambers (Xe-TPCs) have emerged as some of the most powerful detectors in the fields of astroparticle physics and rare-event searches. Developed primarily towards the direct detection of dark matter particles, experiments presently operating deep underground have reached target masses at the multi-tonne scale, energy thresholds of approximately 1 keV and radioactivity-induced background rates similar to those from solar neutrinos. These unique properties, together with demonstrated stable operation over several years, allow for the exploration of new territory via high-sensitivity searches for a plethora of ultra-rare interactions. These include searches for particle dark matter, for second-order weak decays, and the observation of astrophysical neutrinos. We first review some properties of xenon as a radiation detection medium and the operation principles of dual-phase Xe-TPCs together with their energy calibration and resolution. We then discuss the status of currently running experiments and of proposed next-generation projects, describing some of the technological challenges. We end by looking at their sensitivity to dark matter candidates, to second-order weak decays and to solar and supernova neutrinos. Experiments based on dual-phase Xe-TPCs are difficult and, like all good experiments, they are constantly pushed to their limits. Together with many other endeavours in astroparticle physics and cosmology they will continue to push at the borders of the unknown, hopefully to reveal profound new knowledge about our cosmos. This article is part of the theme issue 'The particle-gravity frontier'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baudis
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
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Bhattacharya S, Dasgupta B, Laha R, Ray A. Can LIGO Detect Nonannihilating Dark Matter? PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:091401. [PMID: 37721848 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.091401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Dark matter (DM) from the galactic halo can accumulate in neutron stars and transmute them into sub-2.5M_{⊙} black holes if the dark matter particles are heavy, stable, and have interactions with nucleons. We show that nondetection of gravitational waves from mergers of such low-mass black holes can constrain the interactions of nonannihilating dark matter particles with nucleons. We find benchmark constraints with LIGO O3 data, viz., σ_{χn}≥O(10^{-47}) cm^{2} for bosonic DM with m_{χ}∼PeV (or m_{χ}∼GeV, if they can Bose-condense) and ≥O(10^{-46}) cm^{2} for fermionic DM with m_{χ}∼10^{3} PeV. These bounds depend on the priors on DM parameters and on the currently uncertain binary neutron star merger rate density. However, with increased exposure by the end of this decade, LIGO will probe cross sections that are many orders of magnitude below the neutrino floor and completely test the dark matter solution to missing pulsars in the Galactic center, demonstrating a windfall science case for gravitational wave detectors as probes of particle dark matter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Basudeb Dasgupta
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Ranjan Laha
- Centre for High Energy Physics, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Anupam Ray
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Baudis L, Biondi Y, Bismark A, Cimental Chávez AP, Cuenca-García JJ, Franchi J, Galloway M, Girard F, Peres R, Ramírez García D, Sanchez-Lucas P, Thieme K, Wittweg C. Electron transport measurements in liquid xenon with Xenoscope, a large-scale DARWIN demonstrator. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. C, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 2023; 83:717. [PMID: 37576939 PMCID: PMC10415528 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11823-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The DARWIN observatory is a proposed next-generation experiment with 40 tonnes of liquid xenon as an active target in a time projection chamber. To study challenges related to the construction and operation of a multi-tonne scale detector, we have designed and constructed a vertical, full-scale demonstrator for the DARWIN experiment at the University of Zurich. Here, we present the first results from a several-months run with 343 kg of xenon and electron drift lifetime and transport measurements with a 53 cm tall purity monitor immersed in the cryogenic liquid. After 88 days of continuous purification, the electron lifetime reached a value of ( 664 ± 23 ) μ s . We measured the drift velocity of electrons for electric fields in the range (25-75) V/cm, and found values consistent with previous measurements. We also calculated the longitudinal diffusion constant of the electron cloud in the same field range, and compared with previous data, as well as with predictions from an empirical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Baudis
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Y. Biondi
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A. Bismark
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A. P. Cimental Chávez
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J. J. Cuenca-García
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J. Franchi
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. Galloway
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F. Girard
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R. Peres
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D. Ramírez García
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P. Sanchez-Lucas
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - K. Thieme
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, USA
| | - C. Wittweg
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Crockett C. Redefining How Neutrinos Impede Dark Matter Searches. PHYSICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1103/physics.14.s154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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