1
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Khoury JF, Han B, Jovanovic M, Queiroz R, Yang X, Singha R, Salters TH, Pollak CJ, Lee SB, Ong NP, Schoop LM. Toward 1D Transport in 3D Materials: SOC-Induced Charge-Transport Anisotropy in Sm 3ZrBi 5. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404553. [PMID: 38770681 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
1D charge transport offers great insight into strongly correlated physics, such as Luttinger liquids, electronic instabilities, and superconductivity. Although 1D charge transport is observed in nanomaterials and quantum wires, examples in bulk crystalline solids remain elusive. In this work, it is demonstrated that spin-orbit coupling (SOC) can act as a mechanism to induce quasi-1D charge transport in the Ln3MPn5 (Ln = lanthanide; M = transition metal; Pn = Pnictide) family. From three example compounds, La3ZrSb5, La3ZrBi5, and Sm3ZrBi5, density functional theory calculations with SOC included show a quasi-1D Fermi surface in the bismuthide compounds, but an anisotropic 3D Fermi surface in the antimonide structure. By performing anisotropic charge transport measurements on La3ZrSb5, La3ZrBi5, and Sm3ZrBi5, it is demonstrated that SOC starkly affects their anisotropic resistivity ratios (ARR) at low temperatures, with an ARR of ≈4 in the antimonide compared to ≈9.5 and ≈22 (≈32 after magnetic ordering) in La3ZrBi5 and Sm3ZrBi5, respectively. This report demonstrates the utility of spin-orbit coupling to induce quasi-low-dimensional Fermi surfaces in anisotropic crystal structures, and provides a template for examining other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason F Khoury
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, United States
| | - Bingzheng Han
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, United States
| | - Milena Jovanovic
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, United States
| | - Raquel Queiroz
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, United States
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, United States
| | - Ratnadwip Singha
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, United States
| | - Tyger H Salters
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, United States
| | - Connor J Pollak
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, United States
| | - Scott B Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, United States
| | - N P Ong
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, United States
| | - Leslie M Schoop
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, United States
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2
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Fox C, Mao Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Xiao J. Stacking Order Engineering of Two-Dimensional Materials and Device Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1862-1898. [PMID: 38150266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Stacking orders in 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials dictate the relative sliding (lateral displacement) and twisting (rotation) between atomically thin layers. By altering the stacking order, many new ferroic, strongly correlated and topological orderings emerge with exotic electrical, optical and magnetic properties. Thanks to the weak vdW interlayer bonding, such highly flexible and energy-efficient stacking order engineering has transformed the design of quantum properties in 2D vdW materials, unleashing the potential for miniaturized high-performance device applications in electronics, spintronics, photonics, and surface chemistry. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of stacking order engineering in 2D vdW materials and their device applications, ranging from the typical fabrication and characterization methods to the novel physical properties and the emergent slidetronics and twistronics device prototyping. The main emphasis is on the critical role of stacking orders affecting the interlayer charge transfer, orbital coupling and flat band formation for the design of innovative materials with on-demand quantum properties and surface potentials. By demonstrating a correlation between the stacking configurations and device functionality, we highlight their implications for next-generation electronic, photonic and chemical energy conversion devices. We conclude with our perspective of this exciting field including challenges and opportunities for future stacking order engineering research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter Fox
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yulu Mao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Faculty of Science, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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3
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Yu G, Wang P, Uzan-Narovlansky AJ, Jia Y, Onyszczak M, Singha R, Gui X, Song T, Tang Y, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Cava RJ, Schoop LM, Wu S. Evidence for two dimensional anisotropic Luttinger liquids at millikelvin temperatures. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7025. [PMID: 37919261 PMCID: PMC10622557 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interacting electrons in one dimension (1D) are governed by the Luttinger liquid (LL) theory in which excitations are fractionalized. Can a LL-like state emerge in a 2D system as a stable zero-temperature phase? This question is crucial in the study of non-Fermi liquids. A recent experiment identified twisted bilayer tungsten ditelluride (tWTe2) as a 2D host of LL-like physics at a few kelvins. Here we report evidence for a 2D anisotropic LL state down to 50 mK, spontaneously formed in tWTe2 with a twist angle of ~ 3o. While the system is metallic-like and nearly isotropic above 2 K, a dramatically enhanced electronic anisotropy develops in the millikelvin regime. In the anisotropic phase, we observe characteristics of a 2D LL phase including a power-law across-wire conductance and a zero-bias dip in the along-wire differential resistance. Our results represent a step forward in the search for stable LL physics beyond 1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Yu
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | | | - Yanyu Jia
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Michael Onyszczak
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Ratnadwip Singha
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Xin Gui
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Tiancheng Song
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Yue Tang
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Robert J Cava
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Leslie M Schoop
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Sanfeng Wu
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
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4
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Klein J, Pingault B, Florian M, Heißenbüttel MC, Steinhoff A, Song Z, Torres K, Dirnberger F, Curtis JB, Weile M, Penn A, Deilmann T, Dana R, Bushati R, Quan J, Luxa J, Sofer Z, Alù A, Menon VM, Wurstbauer U, Rohlfing M, Narang P, Lončar M, Ross FM. The Bulk van der Waals Layered Magnet CrSBr is a Quasi-1D Material. ACS NANO 2023; 17:5316-5328. [PMID: 36926838 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Correlated quantum phenomena in one-dimensional (1D) systems that exhibit competing electronic and magnetic order are of strong interest for the study of fundamental interactions and excitations, such as Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids and topological orders and defects with properties completely different from the quasiparticles expected in their higher-dimensional counterparts. However, clean 1D electronic systems are difficult to realize experimentally, particularly for magnetically ordered systems. Here, we show that the van der Waals layered magnetic semiconductor CrSBr behaves like a quasi-1D material embedded in a magnetically ordered environment. The strong 1D electronic character originates from the Cr-S chains and the combination of weak interlayer hybridization and anisotropy in effective mass and dielectric screening, with an effective electron mass ratio of mXe/mYe ∼ 50. This extreme anisotropy experimentally manifests in strong electron-phonon and exciton-phonon interactions, a Peierls-like structural instability, and a Fano resonance from a van Hove singularity of similar strength to that of metallic carbon nanotubes. Moreover, because of the reduced dimensionality and interlayer coupling, CrSBr hosts spectrally narrow (1 meV) excitons of high binding energy and oscillator strength that inherit the 1D character. Overall, CrSBr is best understood as a stack of weakly hybridized monolayers and appears to be an experimentally attractive candidate for the study of exotic exciton and 1D-correlated many-body physics in the presence of magnetic order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Klein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Benjamin Pingault
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Florian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | | | - Alexander Steinhoff
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Bremen, P.O. Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Zhigang Song
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Kierstin Torres
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Florian Dirnberger
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Jonathan B Curtis
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- College of Letters and Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Mads Weile
- Center for Visualizing Catalytic Processes (VISION), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Aubrey Penn
- MIT.nano, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thorsten Deilmann
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rami Dana
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rezlind Bushati
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Jiamin Quan
- Photonics Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10026, United States
| | - Jan Luxa
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Alù
- Photonics Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10026, United States
| | - Vinod M Menon
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Ursula Wurstbauer
- Institute of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Rohlfing
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Prineha Narang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- College of Letters and Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Marko Lončar
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Frances M Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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5
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One-dimensional Luttinger liquids in a two-dimensional moiré lattice. Nature 2022; 605:57-62. [PMID: 35508779 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Luttinger liquid (LL) model of one-dimensional (1D) electronic systems provides a powerful tool for understanding strongly correlated physics, including phenomena such as spin-charge separation1. Substantial theoretical efforts have attempted to extend the LL phenomenology to two dimensions, especially in models of closely packed arrays of 1D quantum wires2-13, each being described as a LL. Such coupled-wire models have been successfully used to construct two-dimensional (2D) anisotropic non-Fermi liquids2-6, quantum Hall states7-9, topological phases10,11 and quantum spin liquids12,13. However, an experimental demonstration of high-quality arrays of 1D LLs suitable for realizing these models remains absent. Here we report the experimental realization of 2D arrays of 1D LLs with crystalline quality in a moiré superlattice made of twisted bilayer tungsten ditelluride (tWTe2). Originating from the anisotropic lattice of the monolayer, the moiré pattern of tWTe2 hosts identical, parallel 1D electronic channels, separated by a fixed nanoscale distance, which is tuneable by the interlayer twist angle. At a twist angle of approximately 5 degrees, we find that hole-doped tWTe2 exhibits exceptionally large transport anisotropy with a resistance ratio of around 1,000 between two orthogonal in-plane directions. The across-wire conductance exhibits power-law scaling behaviours, consistent with the formation of a 2D anisotropic phase that resembles an array of LLs. Our results open the door for realizing a variety of correlated and topological quantum phases based on coupled-wire models and LL physics.
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6
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Chen H, Yang H, Hu B, Zhao Z, Yuan J, Xing Y, Qian G, Huang Z, Li G, Ye Y, Ma S, Ni S, Zhang H, Yin Q, Gong C, Tu Z, Lei H, Tan H, Zhou S, Shen C, Dong X, Yan B, Wang Z, Gao HJ. Roton pair density wave in a strong-coupling kagome superconductor. Nature 2021; 599:222-228. [PMID: 34587621 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The transition metal kagome lattice materials host frustrated, correlated and topological quantum states of matter1-9. Recently, a new family of vanadium-based kagome metals, AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb or Cs), with topological band structures has been discovered10,11. These layered compounds are nonmagnetic and undergo charge density wave transitions before developing superconductivity at low temperatures11-19. Here we report the observation of unconventional superconductivity and a pair density wave (PDW) in CsV3Sb5 using scanning tunnelling microscope/spectroscopy and Josephson scanning tunnelling spectroscopy. We find that CsV3Sb5 exhibits a V-shaped pairing gap Δ ~ 0.5 meV and is a strong-coupling superconductor (2Δ/kBTc ~ 5) that coexists with 4a0 unidirectional and 2a0 × 2a0 charge order. Remarkably, we discover a 3Q PDW accompanied by bidirectional 4a0/3 spatial modulations of the superconducting gap, coherence peak and gap depth in the tunnelling conductance. We term this novel quantum state a roton PDW associated with an underlying vortex-antivortex lattice that can account for the observed conductance modulations. Probing the electronic states in the vortex halo in an applied magnetic field, in strong field that suppresses superconductivity and in zero field above Tc, reveals that the PDW is a primary state responsible for an emergent pseudogap and intertwined electronic order. Our findings show striking analogies and distinctions to the phenomenology of high-Tc cuprate superconductors, and provide groundwork for understanding the microscopic origin of correlated electronic states and superconductivity in vanadium-based kagome metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Hu
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Xing
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojian Qian
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Huang
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Geng Li
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Ye
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Ma
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunli Ni
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiangwei Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunsheng Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Tu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hechang Lei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengxin Tan
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sen Zhou
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengmin Shen
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Dong
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Binghai Yan
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Yurkevich IV, Kagalovsky V. Superconducting edge states in a topological insulator. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18400. [PMID: 34526556 PMCID: PMC8443678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97558-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the stability of multiple conducting edge states in a topological insulator against perturbations allowed by the time-reversal symmetry. A system is modeled as a multi-channel Luttinger liquid, with the number of channels equal to the number of Kramers doublets at the edge. Assuming strong interactions and weak disorder, we first formulate a low-energy effective theory for a clean translation invariant system and then include the disorder terms allowed by the time-reversal symmetry. In a clean system with N Kramers doublets, N − 1 edge states are gapped by Josephson couplings and the single remaining gapless mode describes collective motion of Cooper pairs synchronous across the channels. Disorder perturbation in this regime, allowed by the time reversal symmetry is a simultaneous backscattering of particles in all N channels. Its relevance depends strongly on the parity if the number of channel N is not very large. Our main result is that disorder becomes irrelevant with the increase of the number of edge modes leading to the stability of the edge states superconducting regime even for repulsive interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Yurkevich
- School of Informatics and Digital Engineering, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - V Kagalovsky
- Shamoon College of Engineering, Bialik/Basel St., 84100, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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8
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Lee S, Collini J, Sun SXL, Mitrano M, Guo X, Eckberg C, Paglione J, Fradkin E, Abbamonte P. Multiple Charge Density Waves and Superconductivity Nucleation at Antiphase Domain Walls in the Nematic Pnictide Ba_{1-x}Sr_{x}Ni_{2}As_{2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:027602. [PMID: 34296905 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.027602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
How superconductivity interacts with charge or nematic order is one of the great unresolved issues at the center of research in quantum materials. Ba_{1-x}Sr_{x}Ni_{2}As_{2} (BSNA) is a charge ordered pnictide superconductor recently shown to exhibit a sixfold enhancement of superconductivity due to nematic fluctuations near a quantum phase transition (at x_{c}=0.7) [1]. The superconductivity is, however, anomalous, with the resistive transition for 0.4<x<x_{c} occurring at a higher temperature than the specific heat anomaly. Using x-ray scattering, we discovered a new charge density wave (CDW) in BSNA in this composition range. The CDW is commensurate with a period of two lattice parameters, and is distinct from the two CDWs previously reported in this material [1,2]. We argue that the anomalous transport behavior arises from heterogeneous superconductivity nucleating at antiphase domain walls in this CDW. We also present new data on the incommensurate CDW, previously identified as being unidirectional [2], showing that it is a rotationally symmetric "4Q" state with C_{4} symmetry. Our study establishes BSNA as a rare material containing three distinct CDWs, and an exciting test bed for studying coupling between CDW, nematic, and SC orders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjun Lee
- Department of Physics and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - John Collini
- Maryland Quantum Materials Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Stella X-L Sun
- Department of Physics and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Matteo Mitrano
- Department of Physics and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Xuefei Guo
- Department of Physics and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Chris Eckberg
- Maryland Quantum Materials Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Johnpierre Paglione
- Maryland Quantum Materials Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
| | - Eduardo Fradkin
- Department of Physics and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Institute of Condensed Matter Theory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Peter Abbamonte
- Department of Physics and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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9
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Magnetic field reveals vanishing Hall response in the normal state of stripe-ordered cuprates. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3724. [PMID: 34140487 PMCID: PMC8211789 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24000-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of the weak insulating behavior of the resistivity, i.e. \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\rho }_{xx}\propto {\mathrm{ln}}\,(1/T)$$\end{document}ρxx∝ln(1/T), revealed when magnetic fields (H) suppress superconductivity in underdoped cuprates has been a longtime mystery. Surprisingly, the high-field behavior of the resistivity observed recently in charge- and spin-stripe-ordered La-214 cuprates suggests a metallic, as opposed to insulating, high-field normal state. Here we report the vanishing of the Hall coefficient in this field-revealed normal state for all \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$T\ <\ (2-6){T}_{{\rm{c}}}^{0}$$\end{document}T<(2−6)Tc0, where \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${T}_{{\rm{c}}}^{0}$$\end{document}Tc0 is the zero-field superconducting transition temperature. Our measurements demonstrate that this is a robust fundamental property of the normal state of cuprates with intertwined orders, exhibited in the previously unexplored regime of T and H. The behavior of the high-field Hall coefficient is fundamentally different from that in other cuprates such as YBa2Cu3O6+x and YBa2Cu4O8, and may imply an approximate particle-hole symmetry that is unique to stripe-ordered cuprates. Our results highlight the important role of the competing orders in determining the normal state of cuprates. The Hall effect has been used as a probe of the normal state of cuprates, when superconductivity is supressed by a magnetic field. Here, the authors report the vanishing of the Hall coefficient at high magnetic field in cuprates with stripe order and interpret it as a signature of the stripe-ordered phase.
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Lee JM, Oshikawa M, Cho GY. Non-Fermi Liquids in Conducting Two-Dimensional Networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:186601. [PMID: 34018806 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.186601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We explore the physics of novel fermion liquids emerging from conducting networks, where 1D metallic wires form a periodic 2D superstructure. Such structure naturally appears in marginally twisted bilayer graphenes, moire transition metal dichalcogenides, and also in some charge-density wave materials. For these network systems, we theoretically show that a remarkably wide variety of new non-Fermi liquids emerge and that these non-Fermi liquids can be classified by the characteristics of the junctions in networks. Using this, we calculate the electric conductivity of the non-Fermi liquids as a function of temperature, which show markedly different scaling behaviors than a regular 2D Fermi liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongjun M Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Masaki Oshikawa
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, Kashiwa 277-8583, Japan
- Trans-scale Quantum Science Institute, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Gil Young Cho
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Korea
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Murthy C, Nayak C. Almost Perfect Metals in One Dimension. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:136801. [PMID: 32302200 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.136801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We show that a one-dimensional quantum wire with as few as two channels of interacting fermions can host metallic states of matter that are stable against all perturbations up to qth order in fermion creation or annihilation operators for any fixed finite q. Thus, the leading relevant perturbations are complicated operators that are expected to modify the physics only at very low energies, below accessible temperatures. The stability of these non-Fermi liquid fixed points is due to strong interactions between the channels, which can (but need not) be chosen to be purely repulsive. Our results might enable elementary physical realizations of these phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya Murthy
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Chetan Nayak
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Microsoft Quantum, Station Q, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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Begum S, Fleurov V, Kagalovsky V, Yurkevich IV. Sliding Luttinger liquid with alternating interwire couplings. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:425601. [PMID: 31207581 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab2a56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study a phase diagram for the sliding Luttinger liquid (SLL) of coupled one-dimensional quantum wires packed in a two-dimensional array in the absence of a magnetic field. We analyse whether the nearest-neighbour inter-wire interactions, stabilise the SLL phase. We construct an analogue of a Su-Schriefer-Heeger (SSH) model (allowing alternating couplings between wires). Calculating the scaling dimensions of the two most relevant perturbations, charge-density wave, and superconducting inter-wire couplings, but excluding the inter-wire single-particle hybridisation, we find a finite stability region for the SLL. It emerges due to the inter-wire forward scattering interaction, and remains stable up to a significant asymmetry between alternating couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Begum
- Aston University, School of Engineering & Applied Science-Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
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Niu L, Jin S, Chen X, Li X, Zhou X. Observation of a Dynamical Sliding Phase Superfluid with P-Band Bosons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:265301. [PMID: 30636124 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.265301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sliding phases have been long sought after in the context of coupled XY models, as they are of relevance to various many-body systems such as layered superconductors, freestanding liquid-crystal films, and cationic lipid-DNA complexes. Here we report an observation of a dynamical sliding phase superfluid that emerges in a nonequilibrium setting from the quantum dynamics of a three-dimensional ultracold atomic gas loaded into the P band of a one-dimensional optical lattice. A shortcut loading method is used to transfer atoms into the P band at zero quasimomentum within a very short time duration. The system can be viewed as a series of "pancake"-shaped atomic samples. For this far-out-of-equilibrium system, we find an intermediate time window with a lifetime around tens of milliseconds, where the atomic ensemble exhibits robust superfluid phase coherence in the pancake directions, but no coherence in the lattice direction, which implies a dynamical sliding phase superfluid. The emergence of the sliding phase is attributed to a mechanism of cross-dimensional energy transfer in our proposed phenomenological theory, which is consistent with experimental measurements. This experiment potentially opens up a novel venue to search for exotic dynamical phases by creating high-band excitations in optical lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxiao Niu
- School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shengjie Jin
- School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuzong Chen
- School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Institute of Nanoelectronics and Quantum Computing, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaoji Zhou
- School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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Fleurov V, Kagalovsky V, Lerner IV, Yurkevich IV. Instability of the sliding Luttinger liquid. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:185602. [PMID: 29578451 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aab980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We revise a phase diagram for the sliding Luttinger liquid (SLL) of coupled one-dimensional quantum wires packed in two- or three-dimensional arrays in the absence of a magnetic field. We analyse whether physically justifiable (reasonable) inter-wire interactions, i.e. either the screened Coulomb or 'Coulomb-blockade' type interactions, stabilise the SLL phase. Calculating the scaling dimensions of the most relevant perturbations (the inter-wire single-particle hybridisation, charge-density wave, and superconducting inter-wire couplings), we find that their combination always destroys the SLL phase for the repulsive intra-wire interaction. However, suppressing the inter-wire tunnelling of repulsive fermions (when the charge-density wave is the only remaining perturbation), one can observe a stability region emerging due to the inter-wire forward scattering interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Fleurov
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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Cho GY, Soto-Garrido R, Fradkin E. Topological pair-density-wave superconducting states. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:256405. [PMID: 25554900 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.256405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We show that the pair-density-wave (PDW) superconducting state emergent in extended Heisenberg-Hubbard models in two-leg ladders is topological in the presence of an Ising spin symmetry and supports a Majorana zero mode (MZM) at an open boundary and at a junction with a uniform d-wave one-dimensional superconductor. Similarly to a conventional finite-momentum paired state, the order parameter of the PDW state is a charge-2e field with finite momentum. However, the order parameter here is a quartic electron operator and conventional mean-field theory cannot be applied to study this state. We use bosonization to show that the 1D PDW state has a MZM at a boundary. This superconducting state is an exotic topological phase supporting Majorana fermions with finite-momentum pairing fields and charge-4e superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Young Cho
- Department of Physics and Institute for Condensed Matter Theory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3080, USA
| | - Rodrigo Soto-Garrido
- Department of Physics and Institute for Condensed Matter Theory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3080, USA
| | - Eduardo Fradkin
- Department of Physics and Institute for Condensed Matter Theory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3080, USA and Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, California 93106-4030, USA
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Dudy L, Denlinger JD, Allen JW, Wang F, He J, Hitchcock D, Sekiyama A, Suga S. Photoemission spectroscopy and the unusually robust one-dimensional physics of lithium purple bronze. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:014007. [PMID: 23221164 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/1/014007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Temperature-dependent photoemission spectroscopy in Li(0.9)Mo(6)O(17) contributes to evidence for one-dimensional (1D) physics that is unusually robust. Three generic characteristics of the Luttinger liquid are observed: power law behavior of the k-integrated spectral function down to temperatures just above the superconducting transition, k-resolved lineshapes that show holon and spinon features, and quantum critical (QC) scaling in the lineshapes. Departures of the lineshapes and the scaling from expectations in the Tomonaga-Luttinger model can be partially described by a phenomenological momentum broadening that is presented and discussed. The possibility that some form of 1D physics obtains even down to the superconducting transition temperature is assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dudy
- Randall Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA.
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Varney CN, Sun K, Galitski V, Rigol M. Kaleidoscope of exotic quantum phases in a frustrated XY model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:077201. [PMID: 21902423 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.077201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The existence of quantum spin liquids was first conjectured by Pomeranchuk some 70 years ago, who argued that frustration in simple antiferromagnetic theories could result in a Fermi-liquid-like state for spinon excitations. Here we show that a simple quantum spin model on a honeycomb lattice hosts the long sought for Bose metal with a clearly identifiable Bose surface. The complete phase diagram of the model is determined via exact diagonalization and is shown to include four distinct phases separated by three quantum phase transitions.
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Zaanen J, Osman OY, Kruis HV, Nussinov Z, Tworzydlo J. The geometric order of stripes and Luttinger liquids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/13642810108208566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Zaanen
- a Instituut Lorentz for Theoretical Physics Leiden University , PO Box 9506, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - O. Y. Osman
- a Instituut Lorentz for Theoretical Physics Leiden University , PO Box 9506, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H. V. Kruis
- a Instituut Lorentz for Theoretical Physics Leiden University , PO Box 9506, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Z. Nussinov
- a Instituut Lorentz for Theoretical Physics Leiden University , PO Box 9506, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J. Tworzydlo
- b Institute of Theoretical Physics Warsaw University , Hoza 69, 00-681, Warszawa , Poland
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Kollath C, Meyer JS, Giamarchi T. Dipolar bosons in a planar array of one-dimensional tubes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:130403. [PMID: 18517922 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.130403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Revised: 12/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We investigate bosonic atoms or molecules interacting via dipolar interactions in a planar array of one-dimensional tubes. We consider the situation in which the dipoles are oriented perpendicular to the tubes by an external field. We find various quantum phases reaching from a "sliding Luttinger liquid" phase to a two-dimensional charge density wave ordered phase. Two different kinds of charge density wave order occur: a stripe phase in which the bosons in different tubes are aligned and a checkerboard phase. We further point out how to distinguish the occurring phases experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kollath
- DPMC-MaNEP, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland and Centre de Physique Théorique, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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Li Q, Hücker M, Gu GD, Tsvelik AM, Tranquada JM. Two-dimensional superconducting fluctuations in stripe-ordered La1.875Ba0.125CuO4. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:067001. [PMID: 17930855 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.067001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent spectroscopic observations of a d-wave-like gap in stripe-ordered La(2-x)Ba(x)CuO(4) with x=1/8 have led us to critically analyze the anisotropic transport and magnetization properties of this material. The data suggest that concomitant with the spin ordering is an electronic decoupling of the CuO(2) planes. We observe a transition (or crossover) to a state of two-dimensional (2D) fluctuating superconductivity, which eventually reaches a 2D superconducting state below a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition. Thus, it appears that the stripe order in La(2-x)Ba(x)CuO(4) frustrates three-dimensional superconducting phase order, but is fully compatible with 2D superconductivity and an enhanced T(c).
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
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Cvetkovic V, Zaanen J. Quantum smectic as a dislocation Higgs phase. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:045701. [PMID: 16907592 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.045701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The theory describing quantum smectics in 2+1 dimensions, based on topological quantum melting is presented. This is governed by a dislocation condensate characterized by an ordering of Burger's vector and this "dual shear superconductor" manifests itself in the form of a novel spectrum of phononlike modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cvetkovic
- Instituut Lorentz voor de theoretische natuurkunde, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9506, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Sheehy DE, Radzihovsky L. Quantum decoupling transition in a one-dimensional Feshbach-resonant superfluid. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:130401. [PMID: 16197122 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.130401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We study a one-dimensional gas of fermionic atoms interacting via an s-wave molecular Feshbach resonance. At low energies the system is characterized by two Josephson-coupled Luttinger liquids, corresponding to paired atomic and molecular superfluids. We show that, in contrast to higher dimensions, the system exhibits a quantum phase transition from a phase in which the two superfluids are locked together to one in which, at low energies, quantum fluctuations suppress the Feshbach resonance (Josephson) coupling, effectively decoupling the molecular and atomic superfluids. Experimental signatures of this quantum transition include the appearance of an out-of-phase gapless mode (in addition to the standard gapless in-phase mode) in the spectrum of the decoupled superfluid phase and a discontinuous change in the molecular momentum distribution function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Sheehy
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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Werner P, Völker K, Troyer M, Chakravarty S. Phase diagram and critical exponents of a dissipative Ising spin chain in a transverse magnetic field. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:047201. [PMID: 15783589 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.047201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We consider a one-dimensional Ising model in a transverse magnetic field coupled to a dissipative heat bath. The phase diagram and the critical exponents are determined from extensive Monte Carlo simulations. It is shown that the character of the quantum phase transition is radically altered from the corresponding nondissipative model and the double well coupled to a dissipative heat bath with linear friction. Spatial couplings and the dissipative dynamics combine to form a new quantum criticality which is independent of dissipation strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Werner
- Institut für theoretische Physik, ETH Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Williams GVM, Krämer S, Jung CU, Park MS, Lee SI. Nuclear magnetic resonance study of the electron-doped high-temperature superconducting cuprates. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2004; 26:236-245. [PMID: 15388188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2004.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2004] [Revised: 03/20/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements have been made on two of the electron-doped high-temperature superconducting cuprates (HTSCs), Pr(2-x)Ce(x)CuO(4) and Sr(0.9)La(0.1)CuO(2) that represent the two known electron-doped structures. The results are compared with the more-studied hole-doped HTSCs. We show that the electron and hole-doped HTSCs probe a similar antiferromagnetic spin fluctuation spectrum in the normal state, which provides support for theories of superconductivity where the pairing is mediated by antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations and the superconducting order parameter has a [Formula: see text] symmetry. Contrary to results from underdoped and hole-doped HTSCs, there is no evidence for a normal-state pseudogap in the NMR data from measurements on the electron-doped HTSCs. Therefore, the electron-doped HTSCs can be better compared with overdoped and hole-doped HTSCs where the normal-state pseudogap is absent. The antiferromagnetic spin fluctuation spectrum as probed by the Cu spin-lattice relaxation rate, is independent of the doped electrons per Cu. A similar effect is observed in the overdoped and hole-doped HTSC, Y(1-x)Ca(x)Ba(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) for a hole concentration range of approximately 0.063. The anomalous Cu NMR linewidth anisotropy observed in the electron-doped HTSCs suggests a small and static spin variation for temperatures up to room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V M Williams
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University, P.O. Box 31310, Lower Hutt, Private Bag, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Tikhonov AM, Pingali SV, Schlossman ML. Molecular ordering and phase transitions in alkanol monolayers at the water–hexane interface. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:11822-38. [PMID: 15268217 DOI: 10.1063/1.1752888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The interface between bulk water and bulk hexane solutions of n-alkanols (H(CH(2))(m)OH, where m=20, 22, 24, or 30) is studied with x-ray reflectivity, x-ray off-specular diffuse scattering, and interfacial tension measurements. The alkanols adsorb to the interface to form a monolayer. The highest density, lowest temperature monolayers contain alkanol molecules with progressive disordering of the chain from the -CH(2)OH to the -CH(3) group. In the terminal half of the chain that includes the -CH(3) group the chain density is similar to that observed in bulk liquid alkanes just above their freezing temperature. The density in the alkanol headgroup region is 10% greater than either bulk water or the ordered headgroup region found in alkanol monolayers at the water-vapor interface. We conjecture that this higher density is a result of water penetration into the headgroup region of the disordered monolayer. A ratio of 1:3 water to alkanol molecules is consistent with our data. We also place an upper limit of one hexane to five or six alkanol molecules mixed into the alkyl chain region of the monolayer. In contrast, H(CH(2))(30)OH at the water-vapor interface forms a close-packed, ordered phase of nearly rigid rods. Interfacial tension measurements as a function of temperature reveal a phase transition at the water-hexane interface with a significant change in interfacial excess entropy. This transition is between a low temperature interface that is nearly fully covered with alkanols to a higher temperature interface with a much lower density of alkanols. The transition for the shorter alkanols appears to be first order whereas the transition for the longer alkanols appears to be weakly first order or second order. The x-ray data are consistent with the presence of monolayer domains at the interface and determine the domain coverage (fraction of interface covered by alkanol domains) as a function of temperature. This temperature dependence is consistent with a theoretical model for a second order phase transition that accounts for the domain stabilization as a balance between line tension and long range dipole forces. Several aspects of our measurements indicate that the presence of domains represents the appearance of a spatially inhomogeneous phase rather than the coexistence of two homogeneous phases.
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Altfeder IB, Liang X, Yamada T, Chen DM, Narayanamurti V. Anisotropic metal-insulator transition in epitaxial thin films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:226404. [PMID: 15245244 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.226404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
By comparing the properties of In and Pb quantum wells in a scanning tunneling microscopy subsurface imaging experiment, we found the existence of lateral bound states, a 2D Mott-Hubbard correlation gap, induced by transverse confinement. Its formation is attributed to spin or charge overscreening of quasi-2D excitations. The signature of the 2D confinement-deconfinement transition is also experimentally observed, with the correlation gap being pinned in the middle of the conduction band. A self-organized 2D Anderson lattice is suggested as a new ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Altfeder
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Arumugam S, Môri N, Takeshita N, Takashima H, Noda T, Eisaki H, Uchida S. Competition of static stripe and superconducting phases in La(1.48)Nd(0.4)Sr(0.12)CuO(4) controlled by pressure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:247001. [PMID: 12059322 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.247001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the pressure effect on T(c) and the Hall coefficient in the static stripe-ordered phase of La(1.48)Nd(0.4)Sr(0.12)CuO(4) crystal under hydrostatic pressure. We found a dramatic change of the Hall coefficient and an abrupt increase of T(c) at low pressure of about 0.1 GPa. The results are indicative of a transition from one- to two-dimensional charge transport, associated with the suppression of low-temperature-tetragonal (LTT) phase. From the uniaxial pressure measurements it turns out that the observed critical change is induced primarily due to the in-plane compression of the CuO(2) planes which would make the pinning potential of the LTT lattice distortions weaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arumugam
- Department of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620 024, India
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Starykh OA, Singh RRP, Levine GC. Spinons in a crossed-chains model of a 2D spin liquid. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:167203. [PMID: 11955258 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.167203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Using the random phase approximation, we show that a crossed-chains model of spin-1/2 Heisenberg chains with frustrated interchain couplings has a nondimerized spin-liquid ground state in 2D, with deconfined spinons as the elementary excitations. The results are confirmed by a bosonization study, which shows that the system is an example of a "sliding Luttinger liquid." In an external field, the system develops an incommensurate field-induced long-range order with a finite transition temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg A Starykh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York 11549, USA
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Ando Y, Segawa K. Magnetoresistance of untwinned YBa(2)Cu(3)O(y) single crystals in a wide range of doping: anomalous hole-doping dependence of the coherence length. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:167005. [PMID: 11955252 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.167005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoresistance (MR) in the a-axis resistivity of untwinned YBa(2)Cu(3)O(y) single crystals is measured for a wide range of doping ( y = 6.45-7.0). The y dependence of the in-plane coherence length xi(ab) estimated from the fluctuation magnetoconductance indicates that the superconductivity is anomalously weakened in the 60-K phase; this observation, together with the Hall coefficient and the a-axis thermopower data which suggest the hole doping to be 12% for y approximately equal to 6.65, gives evidence that the origin of the 60-K plateau is the 1/8 anomaly. At high temperatures, the normal-state MR data show signatures of the Zeeman effect on the pseudogap in underdoped samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Ando
- Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Komae, Tokyo 201-8511, Japan
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31
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Kane CL, Mukhopadhyay R, Lubensky TC. Fractional quantum Hall effect in an array of quantum wires. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:036401. [PMID: 11801075 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.036401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the emergence of the quantum Hall (QH) hierarchy in a 2D model of coupled quantum wires in a perpendicular magnetic field. At commensurate values of the magnetic field, the system can develop instabilities to appropriate interwire electron hopping processes that drive the system into a variety of QH states. Some of the QH states are not included in the Haldane-Halperin hierarchy. In addition, we find operators allowed at any field that lead to novel crystals of Laughlin quasiparticles. We demonstrate that any QH state is the ground state of a Hamiltonian that we explicitly construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Kane
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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32
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Morais Smith C, Castro Neto AH, Balatsky AV. T(c) suppression in co-doped striped cuprates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:177010. [PMID: 11690303 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.177010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We propose a model that explains the reduction of T(c) due to the pinning of stripes by planar impurity co-doping in cuprates. A geometrical argument about the planar fraction of carriers affected by stripe pinning leads to a linear T(c) suppression as a function of impurity concentration z. The critical value z(c) for the vanishing of superconductivity is shown to scale like T(2)(c) in the incompressible stripe regime and becomes universal in the compressible regime. Our theory agrees very well with the experimental data in single- and bilayer cuprates co-doped with Zn, Li, Co, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Morais Smith
- Institut de Physique Théorique, Pérolles, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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33
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Granath M, Oganesyan V, Kivelson SA, Fradkin E, Emery VJ. Nodal quasiparticles in stripe ordered superconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:167011. [PMID: 11690235 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.167011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We study the properties of a quasi-one-dimensional superconductor which consists of an alternating array of two inequivalent chains. This model is a simple caricature of a striped high temperature superconductor, and is more generally a theoretically controllable system in which the superconducting state emerges from a non-Fermi-liquid normal state. Even in this limit, " d-wave-like" order parameter symmetry is natural, but the superconducting state can either have a complete gap in the quasiparticle spectrum, or gapless "nodal" quasiparticles. We also find circumstances in which antiferromagnetic order (typically incommensurate) coexists with superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Granath
- Department of Physics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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34
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Wang Y, Ong NP. Particle-hole symmetry in the antiferromagnetic state of the cuprates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:11091-6. [PMID: 11562471 PMCID: PMC58688 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.201228498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the layered cuprate perovskites, the occurrence of high-temperature superconductivity seems deeply related to the unusual nature of the hole excitations. The limiting case of a very small number of holes diffusing in the antiferromagnetic (AF) background may provide important insights into this problem. We have investigated the transport properties in a series of crystals of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(y), and found that the temperature dependencies of the Hall coefficient R(H) and thermopower S change abruptly as soon as the AF phase boundary is crossed. In the AF state at low temperatures T, both R(H) and S are unexpectedly suppressed to nearly zero over a broad interval of T. We argue that this suppression arises from near-exact symmetry in the particle-hole currents. From the trends in R(H) and S, we infer that the symmetry is increasingly robust as the hole density x becomes very small (x approximately 0.01). We discuss implications for electronic properties both within the AF state and outside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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Orgad D, Kivelson SA, Carlson EW, Emery VJ, Zhou XJ, Shen ZX. Evidence of electron fractionalization from photoemission spectra in the high temperature superconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:4362-4365. [PMID: 11328175 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.4362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In the normal state of the high temperature superconductors Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+delta) and La2(-x)Sr(x)CuO4, and in the related "stripe ordered" material, La(1.25)Nd(0.6)Sr(0.15)CuO4, there is sharp structure in the measured single hole spectral function, A<(k-->,omega), considered as a function of k--> at fixed small binding energy omega. At the same time, as a function of omega at fixed k--> on much of the putative Fermi surface, any structure in A<(k-->,omega), other than the Fermi cutoff, is very broad. This is characteristic of the situation in which there are no stable excitations with the quantum numbers of the electron, as is the case in the one-dimensional electron gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Orgad
- Department of Physics, U.C.L.A., Los Angeles, California 90095. USA
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Vishwanath A, Carpentier D. Two-dimensional anisotropic non-Fermi-liquid phase of coupled Luttinger liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:676-679. [PMID: 11177910 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Using bosonization techniques, we show that strong forward scattering interactions between one-dimensional spinless Luttinger liquids (LL) can stabilize a phase where charge-density wave, superconducting, and transverse single particle hopping perturbations are irrelevant. This new phase retains its LL-like properties in the directions of the chains, but with relations between exponents modified by the transverse interactions, whereas it is a perfect insulator in the transverse direction. The mechanism that stabilizes this phase is strong transverse charge-density wave fluctuations at incommensurate wave vector, which frustrates crystal formation by preventing lock-in of the in-chain density waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vishwanath
- Physics Department, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544, USA
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