1
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Torres-Davila FE, Chagoya KL, Blanco EE, Shahzad S, Shultz-Johnson LR, Mogensen M, Gesquiere A, Jurca T, Rochdi N, Blair RG, Tetard L. Room temperature 3D carbon microprinting. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2745. [PMID: 38553437 PMCID: PMC10980711 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47076-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Manufacturing custom three-dimensional (3D) carbon functional materials is of utmost importance for applications ranging from electronics and energy devices to medicine, and beyond. In lieu of viable eco-friendly synthesis pathways, conventional methods of carbon growth involve energy-intensive processes with inherent limitations of substrate compatibility. The yearning to produce complex structures, with ultra-high aspect ratios, further impedes the quest for eco-friendly and scalable paths toward 3D carbon-based materials patterning. Here, we demonstrate a facile process for carbon 3D printing at room temperature, using low-power visible light and a metal-free catalyst. Within seconds to minutes, this one-step photocatalytic growth yields rod-shaped microstructures with aspect ratios up to ~500 and diameters below 10 μm. The approach enables the rapid patterning of centimeter-size arrays of rods with tunable height and pitch, and of custom complex 3D structures. The patterned structures exhibit appealing luminescence properties and ohmic behavior, with great potential for optoelectronics and sensing applications, including those interfacing with biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernand E Torres-Davila
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Katerina L Chagoya
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Emma E Blanco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Saqib Shahzad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - Mirra Mogensen
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Andre Gesquiere
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Titel Jurca
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- Renewable Energy and Chemical Transformations (REACT) Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Nabil Rochdi
- Laboratory of Innovative Materials, Energy and Sustainable Development (IMED-Lab), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Richard G Blair
- Renewable Energy and Chemical Transformations (REACT) Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
- Florida Space Institute, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
| | - Laurene Tetard
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
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2
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Singal K, Dimitriyev MS, Gonzalez SE, Cachine AP, Quinn S, Matsumoto EA. Programming mechanics in knitted materials, stitch by stitch. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2622. [PMID: 38521784 PMCID: PMC10960873 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Knitting turns yarn, a 1D material, into a 2D fabric that is flexible, durable, and can be patterned to adopt a wide range of 3D geometries. Like other mechanical metamaterials, the elasticity of knitted fabrics is an emergent property of the local stitch topology and pattern that cannot solely be attributed to the yarn itself. Thus, knitting can be viewed as an additive manufacturing technique that allows for stitch-by-stitch programming of elastic properties and has applications in many fields ranging from soft robotics and wearable electronics to engineered tissue and architected materials. However, predicting these mechanical properties based on the stitch type remains elusive. Here we untangle the relationship between changes in stitch topology and emergent elasticity in several types of knitted fabrics. We combine experiment and simulation to construct a constitutive model for the nonlinear bulk response of these fabrics. This model serves as a basis for composite fabrics with bespoke mechanical properties, which crucially do not depend on the constituent yarn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishma Singal
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Michael S Dimitriyev
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Sarah E Gonzalez
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - A Patrick Cachine
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Sam Quinn
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Elisabetta A Matsumoto
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, 739-8526, Japan.
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3
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Hartwick CJ, Reinheimer EW, MacGillivray LR. A molecular T-pentomino for separating BTEX hydrocarbons. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2121. [PMID: 38459047 PMCID: PMC10924097 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45542-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Methods to separate molecules (e.g., petrochemicals) are exceedingly important industrially. A common approach for separations is to crystallize a host molecule that either provides an enforced covalent cavity (intrinsic cavity) or packs inefficiently (extrinsic cavity). Here we report a self-assembled molecule with a shape highly biased to completely enclose space and, thereby, pack efficiently yet hosts and allows for the separation of BTEX hydrocarbons (i.e., benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes). The host is held together by N → B bonds and forms a diboron assembly with a shape that conforms to a T-shaped pentomino. A T-pentomino is a polyomino, which is a plane figure that tiles a plane without cavities and holes, and we show the molecule to crystallize into one of six polymorphic structures for T-pentomino tiling. The separations occur at mild conditions while rejecting similarly shaped aromatics such as xylene isomers, thiophene, and styrene. Our observation on the structure and tiling of the molecular T-pentomino allows us to develop a theory on how novel synthetic molecules that mimic the structures and packing of polyominoes can be synthesized and-quite counterintuitively-developed into a system of hosts with cavities used for selective and useful separations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric W Reinheimer
- Rigaku Americas Corporation, 9009 New Trails Drive, The Woodlands, TX, 77381, USA
| | - Leonard R MacGillivray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada.
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4
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Schmidt CA, Tambutté E, Venn AA, Zou Z, Castillo Alvarez C, Devriendt LS, Bechtel HA, Stifler CA, Anglemyer S, Breit CP, Foust CL, Hopanchuk A, Klaus CN, Kohler IJ, LeCloux IM, Mezera J, Patton MR, Purisch A, Quach V, Sengkhammee JS, Sristy T, Vattem S, Walch EJ, Albéric M, Politi Y, Fratzl P, Tambutté S, Gilbert PUPA. Myriad Mapping of nanoscale minerals reveals calcium carbonate hemihydrate in forming nacre and coral biominerals. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1812. [PMID: 38418834 PMCID: PMC10901822 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is abundant on Earth, is a major component of marine biominerals and thus of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks and it plays a major role in the global carbon cycle by storing atmospheric CO2 into solid biominerals. Six crystalline polymorphs of CaCO3 are known-3 anhydrous: calcite, aragonite, vaterite, and 3 hydrated: ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O), monohydrocalcite (CaCO3·1H2O, MHC), and calcium carbonate hemihydrate (CaCO3·½H2O, CCHH). CCHH was recently discovered and characterized, but exclusively as a synthetic material, not as a naturally occurring mineral. Here, analyzing 200 million spectra with Myriad Mapping (MM) of nanoscale mineral phases, we find CCHH and MHC, along with amorphous precursors, on freshly deposited coral skeleton and nacre surfaces, but not on sea urchin spines. Thus, biomineralization pathways are more complex and diverse than previously understood, opening new questions on isotopes and climate. Crystalline precursors are more accessible than amorphous ones to other spectroscopies and diffraction, in natural and bio-inspired materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor A Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Eric Tambutté
- Department of Marine Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Alexander A Venn
- Department of Marine Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Zhaoyong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | | | - Laurent S Devriendt
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Hans A Bechtel
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Cayla A Stifler
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Carolyn P Breit
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Connor L Foust
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Andrii Hopanchuk
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Connor N Klaus
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Isaac J Kohler
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Jaiden Mezera
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Madeline R Patton
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Annie Purisch
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Virginia Quach
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Tarak Sristy
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Shreya Vattem
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Evan J Walch
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Marie Albéric
- Sorbonne Université/CNRS, Laboratoire de chimie de la matière condensée, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Yael Politi
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sylvie Tambutté
- Department of Marine Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Pupa U P A Gilbert
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and Geoscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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5
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Yanev ES, Darlington TP, Ladyzhets SA, Strasbourg MC, Trovatello C, Liu S, Rhodes DA, Hall K, Sinha A, Borys NJ, Hone JC, Schuck PJ. Programmable nanowrinkle-induced room-temperature exciton localization in monolayer WSe 2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1543. [PMID: 38378789 PMCID: PMC10879107 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45936-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Localized states in two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have been the subject of intense study, driven by potential applications in quantum information science. Despite the rapidly growing knowledge surrounding these emitters, their microscopic nature is still not fully understood, limiting their production and application. Motivated by this challenge, and by recent theoretical and experimental evidence showing that nanowrinkles generate strain-localized room-temperature emitters, we demonstrate a method to intentionally induce wrinkles with collections of stressors, showing that long-range wrinkle direction and position are controllable with patterned array design. Nano-photoluminescence (nano-PL) imaging combined with detailed strain modeling based on measured wrinkle topography establishes a correlation between wrinkle properties, particularly shear strain, and localized exciton emission. Beyond the array-induced wrinkles, nano-PL spatial maps further reveal that the strain environment around individual stressors is heterogeneous due to the presence of fine wrinkles that are less deterministic. At cryogenic temperatures, antibunched emission is observed, confirming that the nanocone-induced strain is sufficiently large for the formation of quantum emitters. At 300 K, detailed nanoscale hyperspectral images uncover a wide range of low-energy emission peaks originating from the fine wrinkles, and show that the states can be tightly confined to regions <10 nm, even in ambient conditions. These results establish a promising potential route towards realizing room temperature quantum emission in 2D TMDC systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuil S Yanev
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas P Darlington
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sophia A Ladyzhets
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Chiara Trovatello
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel A Rhodes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kobi Hall
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aditya Sinha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas J Borys
- Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA.
| | - James C Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - P James Schuck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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6
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Dodd-O J, Roy A, Siddiqui Z, Jafari R, Coppola F, Ramasamy S, Kolloli A, Kumar D, Kaundal S, Zhao B, Kumar R, Robang AS, Li J, Azizogli AR, Pai V, Acevedo-Jake A, Heffernan C, Lucas A, McShan AC, Paravastu AK, Prasad BVV, Subbian S, Král P, Kumar V. Antiviral fibrils of self-assembled peptides with tunable compositions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1142. [PMID: 38326301 PMCID: PMC10850501 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The lasting threat of viral pandemics necessitates the development of tailorable first-response antivirals with specific but adaptive architectures for treatment of novel viral infections. Here, such an antiviral platform has been developed based on a mixture of hetero-peptides self-assembled into functionalized β-sheets capable of specific multivalent binding to viral protein complexes. One domain of each hetero-peptide is designed to specifically bind to certain viral proteins, while another domain self-assembles into fibrils with epitope binding characteristics determined by the types of peptides and their molar fractions. The self-assembled fibrils maintain enhanced binding to viral protein complexes and retain high resilience to viral mutations. This method is experimentally and computationally tested using short peptides that specifically bind to Spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2. This platform is efficacious, inexpensive, and stable with excellent tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Dodd-O
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Abhishek Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Zain Siddiqui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Roya Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Francesco Coppola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Afsal Kolloli
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Dilip Kumar
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Soni Kaundal
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Boyang Zhao
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Alicia S Robang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jeffrey Li
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Abdul-Rahman Azizogli
- Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Varun Pai
- Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Amanda Acevedo-Jake
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Corey Heffernan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
- SAPHTx Inc, Newark, NJ, 07104, USA
| | - Alexandra Lucas
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Andrew C McShan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Anant K Paravastu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - B V Venkataram Prasad
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Petr Král
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
- SAPHTx Inc, Newark, NJ, 07104, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
- Department of Endodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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7
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Liu J, Zhou Y, Yepez Rodriguez S, Delmont MA, Welser RA, Ho T, Sirica N, McClure K, Vilmercati P, Ziller JW, Mannella N, Sanchez-Yamagishi JD, Pettes MT, Wu R, Jauregui LA. Controllable strain-driven topological phase transition and dominant surface-state transport in HfTe 5. Nat Commun 2024; 15:332. [PMID: 38184667 PMCID: PMC10771548 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The fine-tuning of topologically protected states in quantum materials holds great promise for novel electronic devices. However, there are limited methods that allow for the controlled and efficient modulation of the crystal lattice while simultaneously monitoring the changes in the electronic structure within a single sample. Here, we apply significant and controllable strain to high-quality HfTe5 samples and perform electrical transport measurements to reveal the topological phase transition from a weak topological insulator phase to a strong topological insulator phase. After applying high strain to HfTe5 and converting it into a strong topological insulator, we found that the resistivity of the sample increased by 190,500% and that the electronic transport was dominated by the topological surface states at cryogenic temperatures. Our results demonstrate the suitability of HfTe5 as a material for engineering topological properties, with the potential to generalize this approach to study topological phase transitions in van der Waals materials and heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Yinong Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | | | - Matthew A Delmont
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Robert A Welser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Triet Ho
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Nicholas Sirica
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87544, USA
| | - Kaleb McClure
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Paolo Vilmercati
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Norman Mannella
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | | | - Michael T Pettes
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87544, USA
| | - Ruqian Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Luis A Jauregui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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8
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Ayarza J, Wang J, Kim H, Huang PR, Cassaidy B, Yan G, Liu C, Jaeger HM, Rowan SJ, Esser-Kahn AP. Bioinspired mechanical mineralization of organogels. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8319. [PMID: 38097549 PMCID: PMC10721619 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mineralization is a long-lasting method commonly used by biological materials to selectively strengthen in response to site specific mechanical stress. Achieving a similar form of toughening in synthetic polymer composites remains challenging. In previous work, we developed methods to promote chemical reactions via the piezoelectrochemical effect with mechanical responses of inorganic, ZnO nanoparticles. Herein, we report a distinct example of a mechanically-mediated reaction in which the spherical ZnO nanoparticles react themselves leading to the formation of microrods composed of a Zn/S mineral inside an organogel. The microrods can be used to selectively create mineral deposits within the material resulting in the strengthening of the overall resulting composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ayarza
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Hojin Kim
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Pin-Ruei Huang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Britteny Cassaidy
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Gangbin Yan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Chong Liu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Heinrich M Jaeger
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, 5720 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Stuart J Rowan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Chemical and Engineering Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Aaron P Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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9
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Nykiel K, Strachan A. High-throughput density functional theory screening of double transition metal MXene precursors. Sci Data 2023; 10:827. [PMID: 38007496 PMCID: PMC10676351 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02755-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
MXenes are an emerging class of 2D materials of interest in applications ranging from energy storage to electromagnetic shielding. MXenes are synthesized by selective etching of layered bulk MAX phases into sheets of 2D MXenes. Their chemical tunability has been significantly expanded with the successful synthesis of double transition metal MXenes. While knowledge of the structure and energetics of double transition metal MAX phases is critical to designing and optimizing new MXenes, only a small subset of these materials been explored. We present a comprehensive dataset of key properties of MAX phases obtained using density functional theory within the generalized gradient approximation exchange-correlation functionals. Energetics and structure of 8,712 MAX phases have been calculated and stored in a queryable, open database hosted at nanoHUB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kat Nykiel
- School of Materials Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA.
| | - Alejandro Strachan
- School of Materials Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
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10
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Yang Q, Chang X, Lee JY, Saji M, Zhang F. DNA T-shaped crossover tiles for 2D tessellation and nanoring reconfiguration. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7675. [PMID: 37996416 PMCID: PMC10667507 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA tiles serve as the fundamental building blocks for DNA self-assembled nanostructures such as DNA arrays, origami, and designer crystals. Introducing additional binding arms to DNA crossover tiles holds the promise of unlocking diverse nano-assemblies and potential applications. Here, we present one-, two-, and three-layer T-shaped crossover tiles, by integrating T junction with antiparallel crossover tiles. These tiles carry over the orthogonal binding directions from T junction and retain the rigidity from antiparallel crossover tiles, enabling the assembly of various 2D tessellations. To demonstrate the versatility of the design rules, we create 2-state reconfigurable nanorings from both single-stranded tiles and single-unit assemblies. Moreover, four sets of 4-state reconfiguration systems are constructed, showing effective transformations between ladders and/or rings with pore sizes spanning ~20 nm to ~168 nm. These DNA tiles enrich the design tools in nucleic acid nanotechnology, offering exciting opportunities for the creation of artificial dynamic DNA nanopores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Xu Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Jung Yeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Minu Saji
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
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11
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Zhuo D, Yan ZJ, Sun ZT, Zhou LJ, Zhao YF, Zhang R, Mei R, Yi H, Wang K, Chan MHW, Liu CX, Law KT, Chang CZ. Axion insulator state in hundred-nanometer-thick magnetic topological insulator sandwich heterostructures. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7596. [PMID: 37989754 PMCID: PMC10663498 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
An axion insulator is a three-dimensional (3D) topological insulator (TI), in which the bulk maintains the time-reversal symmetry or inversion symmetry but the surface states are gapped by surface magnetization. The axion insulator state has been observed in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)-grown magnetically doped TI sandwiches and exfoliated intrinsic magnetic TI MnBi2Te4 flakes with an even number layer. All these samples have a thickness of ~ 10 nm, near the 2D-to-3D boundary. The coupling between the top and bottom surface states in thin samples may hinder the observation of quantized topological magnetoelectric response. Here, we employ MBE to synthesize magnetic TI sandwich heterostructures and find that the axion insulator state persists in a 3D sample with a thickness of ~ 106 nm. Our transport results show that the axion insulator state starts to emerge when the thickness of the middle undoped TI layer is greater than ~ 3 nm. The 3D hundred-nanometer-thick axion insulator provides a promising platform for the exploration of the topological magnetoelectric effect and other emergent magnetic topological states, such as the high-order TI phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyi Zhuo
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Zi-Jie Yan
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Zi-Ting Sun
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ling-Jie Zhou
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yi-Fan Zhao
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ruoxi Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ruobing Mei
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Hemian Yi
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ke Wang
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Moses H W Chan
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Chao-Xing Liu
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - K T Law
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, 999077, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Cui-Zu Chang
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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12
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Varenik M, Xu B, Li J, Gaver E, Wachtel E, Ehre D, Routh PK, Khodorov S, Frenkel AI, Qi Y, Lubomirsky I. Lead-free Zr-doped ceria ceramics with low permittivity displaying giant electrostriction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7371. [PMID: 37963883 PMCID: PMC10646075 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrostrictors, materials developing mechanical strain proportional to the square of the applied electric field, present many advantages for mechanical actuation as they convert electrical energy into mechanical, but not vice versa. Both high relative permittivity and reliance on Pb as the key component in commercial electrostrictors pose serious practical and health problems. Here we describe a low relative permittivity (<250) ceramic, ZrxCe1-xO2 (x < 0.2), that displays electromechanical properties rivaling those of the best performing electrostrictors: longitudinal electrostriction strain coefficient ~10-16 m2/V2; relaxation frequency ≈ a few kHz; and strain ≥0.02%. Combining X-ray absorption spectroscopy, atomic-level modeling and electromechanical measurements, here we show that electrostriction in ZrxCe1-xO2 is enabled by elastic dipoles produced by anharmonic motion of the smaller isovalent dopant (Zr). Unlike the elastic dipoles in aliovalent doped ceria, which are present even in the absence of an applied elastic or electric field, the elastic dipoles in ZrxCe1-xO2 are formed only under applied anisotropic field. The local descriptors of electrostrictive strain, namely, the cation size mismatch and dynamic anharmonicity, are sufficiently versatile to guide future searches in other polycrystalline solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Varenik
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - Boyuan Xu
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Junying Li
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Elad Gaver
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - Ellen Wachtel
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - David Ehre
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - Prahlad K Routh
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Sergey Khodorov
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - Anatoly I Frenkel
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Yue Qi
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
| | - Igor Lubomirsky
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel.
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13
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Yi H, Hu LH, Zhao YF, Zhou LJ, Yan ZJ, Zhang R, Yuan W, Wang Z, Wang K, Hickey DR, Richardella AR, Singleton J, Winter LE, Wu X, Chan MHW, Samarth N, Liu CX, Chang CZ. Dirac-fermion-assisted interfacial superconductivity in epitaxial topological-insulator/iron-chalcogenide heterostructures. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7119. [PMID: 37932274 PMCID: PMC10628154 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42902-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the possibility of realizing topological superconductivity (TSC) has generated much excitement. TSC can be created in electronic systems where the topological and superconducting orders coexist, motivating the continued exploration of candidate material platforms to this end. Here, we use molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) to synthesize heterostructures that host emergent interfacial superconductivity when a non-superconducting antiferromagnet (FeTe) is interfaced with a topological insulator (TI) (Bi, Sb)2Te3. By performing in-vacuo angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and ex-situ electrical transport measurements, we find that the superconducting transition temperature and the upper critical magnetic field are suppressed when the chemical potential approaches the Dirac point. We provide evidence to show that the observed interfacial superconductivity and its chemical potential dependence is the result of the competition between the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida-type ferromagnetic coupling mediated by Dirac surface states and antiferromagnetic exchange couplings that generate the bicollinear antiferromagnetic order in the FeTe layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemian Yi
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Lun-Hui Hu
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Yi-Fan Zhao
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ling-Jie Zhou
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Zi-Jie Yan
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ruoxi Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Zihao Wang
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ke Wang
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Danielle Reifsnyder Hickey
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Anthony R Richardella
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - John Singleton
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87544, USA
| | - Laurel E Winter
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87544, USA
| | - Xianxin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Moses H W Chan
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Nitin Samarth
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Chao-Xing Liu
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Cui-Zu Chang
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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14
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Yu G, Wang P, Uzan-Narovlansky AJ, Jia Y, Onyszczak M, Singha R, Gui X, Song T, Tang Y, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Cava RJ, Schoop LM, Wu S. Evidence for two dimensional anisotropic Luttinger liquids at millikelvin temperatures. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7025. [PMID: 37919261 PMCID: PMC10622557 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interacting electrons in one dimension (1D) are governed by the Luttinger liquid (LL) theory in which excitations are fractionalized. Can a LL-like state emerge in a 2D system as a stable zero-temperature phase? This question is crucial in the study of non-Fermi liquids. A recent experiment identified twisted bilayer tungsten ditelluride (tWTe2) as a 2D host of LL-like physics at a few kelvins. Here we report evidence for a 2D anisotropic LL state down to 50 mK, spontaneously formed in tWTe2 with a twist angle of ~ 3o. While the system is metallic-like and nearly isotropic above 2 K, a dramatically enhanced electronic anisotropy develops in the millikelvin regime. In the anisotropic phase, we observe characteristics of a 2D LL phase including a power-law across-wire conductance and a zero-bias dip in the along-wire differential resistance. Our results represent a step forward in the search for stable LL physics beyond 1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Yu
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | | | - Yanyu Jia
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Michael Onyszczak
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Ratnadwip Singha
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Xin Gui
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Tiancheng Song
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Yue Tang
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Robert J Cava
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Leslie M Schoop
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Sanfeng Wu
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
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15
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Liu JX, Haataja MP, Košmrlj A, Datta SS, Arnold CB, Priestley RD. Liquid-liquid phase separation within fibrillar networks. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6085. [PMID: 37770446 PMCID: PMC10539382 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex fibrillar networks mediate liquid-liquid phase separation of biomolecular condensates within the cell. Mechanical interactions between these condensates and the surrounding networks are increasingly implicated in the physiology of the condensates and yet, the physical principles underlying phase separation within intracellular media remain poorly understood. Here, we elucidate the dynamics and mechanics of liquid-liquid phase separation within fibrillar networks by condensing oil droplets within biopolymer gels. We find that condensates constrained within the network pore space grow in abrupt temporal bursts. The subsequent restructuring of condensates and concomitant network deformation is contingent on the fracture of network fibrils, which is determined by a competition between condensate capillarity and network strength. As a synthetic analog to intracellular phase separation, these results further our understanding of the mechanical interactions between biomolecular condensates and fibrillar networks in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason X Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
- Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Mikko P Haataja
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
- Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Andrej Košmrlj
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
- Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Sujit S Datta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Craig B Arnold
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
- Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Rodney D Priestley
- Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
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16
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Bracho-Sanchez E, Rocha FG, Bedingfield SK, Partain BD, Macias SL, Brusko MA, Colazo JM, Fettis MM, Farhadi SA, Helm EY, Koenders K, Kwiatkowski AJ, Restuccia A, Morales BS, Wanchoo A, Avram D, Allen KD, Duvall CL, Wallet SM, Hudalla GA, Keselowsky BG. Suppression of local inflammation via galectin-anchored indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1156-1169. [PMID: 37127708 PMCID: PMC10504068 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of chronic inflammation with systemically administered anti-inflammatory treatments is associated with moderate-to-severe side effects, and the efficacy of locally administered drugs is short-lived. Here we show that inflammation can be locally suppressed by a fusion protein of the immunosuppressive enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO) and galectin-3 (Gal3). Gal3 anchors IDO to tissue, limiting the diffusion of IDO-Gal3 away from the injection site. In rodent models of endotoxin-induced inflammation, psoriasis, periodontal disease and osteoarthritis, the fusion protein remained in the inflamed tissues and joints for about 1 week after injection, and the amelioration of local inflammation, disease progression and inflammatory pain in the animals were concomitant with homoeostatic preservation of the tissues and with the absence of global immune suppression. IDO-Gal3 may serve as an immunomodulatory enzyme for the control of focal inflammation in other inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Bracho-Sanchez
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fernanda G Rocha
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sean K Bedingfield
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brittany D Partain
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sabrina L Macias
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Maigan A Brusko
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Juan M Colazo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Margaret M Fettis
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shaheen A Farhadi
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eric Y Helm
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kevin Koenders
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alexander J Kwiatkowski
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Antonietta Restuccia
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bethsymarie Soto Morales
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Arun Wanchoo
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dorina Avram
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kyle D Allen
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Craig L Duvall
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shannon M Wallet
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gregory A Hudalla
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Benjamin G Keselowsky
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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17
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Farhang C, Wang J, Ortiz BR, Wilson SD, Xia J. Unconventional specular optical rotation in the charge ordered state of Kagome metal CsV 3Sb 5. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5326. [PMID: 37658070 PMCID: PMC10474032 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Kagome metals AV3Sb5 (A = K, Cs, Rb) provide a rich platform for intertwined orders, where evidence for time-reversal symmetry breaking, likely due to the long-sought loop currents, has emerged in STM and muon spin relaxation experiments. An isotropic component in the spontaneous optical rotation has also been reported and was interpreted as the magneto-optic Kerr effect. Intriguingly, the observed rotations differ by five orders of magnitude between different wavelengths and samples, suggesting more intricate physics. Here we report optical rotation and polar Kerr measurements in CsV3Sb5 crystals at the same wavelength. We observe large isotropic components of 1 milliradian in the optical rotation that do not respond to applied magnetic fields, while the spontaneous Kerr signal is less than 20 nanoradians. Our results prove unambiguously that the reported isotropic rotation is not from time-reversal symmetry breaking but represents the long-sought specular optical rotation and indicates a new intertwined order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camron Farhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Brenden R Ortiz
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Stephen D Wilson
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Jing Xia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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18
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Drucker NC, Nguyen T, Han F, Siriviboon P, Luo X, Andrejevic N, Zhu Z, Bednik G, Nguyen QT, Chen Z, Nguyen LK, Liu T, Williams TJ, Stone MB, Kolesnikov AI, Chi S, Fernandez-Baca J, Nelson CS, Alatas A, Hogan T, Puretzky AA, Huang S, Yu Y, Li M. Topology stabilized fluctuations in a magnetic nodal semimetal. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5182. [PMID: 37626027 PMCID: PMC10457388 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40765-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between magnetism and electronic band topology enriches topological phases and has promising applications. However, the role of topology in magnetic fluctuations has been elusive. Here, we report evidence for topology stabilized magnetism above the magnetic transition temperature in magnetic Weyl semimetal candidate CeAlGe. Electrical transport, thermal transport, resonant elastic X-ray scattering, and dilatometry consistently indicate the presence of locally correlated magnetism within a narrow temperature window well above the thermodynamic magnetic transition temperature. The wavevector of this short-range order is consistent with the nesting condition of topological Weyl nodes, suggesting that it arises from the interaction between magnetic fluctuations and the emergent Weyl fermions. Effective field theory shows that this topology stabilized order is wavevector dependent and can be stabilized when the interband Weyl fermion scattering is dominant. Our work highlights the role of electronic band topology in stabilizing magnetic order even in the classically disordered regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Drucker
- Quantum Measurement Group, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Thanh Nguyen
- Quantum Measurement Group, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fei Han
- Quantum Measurement Group, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Phum Siriviboon
- Quantum Measurement Group, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xi Luo
- College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Ziming Zhu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Grigory Bednik
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Zhantao Chen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Travis J Williams
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Matthew B Stone
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | - Songxue Chi
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | - Christie S Nelson
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Ahmet Alatas
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Tom Hogan
- Quantum Design, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alexander A Puretzky
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Shengxi Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mingda Li
- Quantum Measurement Group, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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19
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Ma W, Balta VA, Pan W, Rimer JD, Sullivan DJ, Vekilov PG. Nonclassical mechanisms to irreversibly suppress β-hematin crystal growth. Commun Biol 2023; 6:783. [PMID: 37500754 PMCID: PMC10374632 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematin crystallization is an essential element of heme detoxification of malaria parasites and its inhibition by antimalarial drugs is a common treatment avenue. We demonstrate at biomimetic conditions in vitro irreversible inhibition of hematin crystal growth due to distinct cooperative mechanisms that activate at high crystallization driving forces. The evolution of crystal shape after limited-time exposure to both artemisinin metabolites and quinoline-class antimalarials indicates that crystal growth remains suppressed after the artemisinin metabolites and the drugs are purged from the solution. Treating malaria parasites with the same agents reveals that three- and six-hour inhibitor pulses inhibit parasite growth with efficacy comparable to that of inhibitor exposure during the entire parasite lifetime. Time-resolved in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM), complemented by light scattering, reveals two molecular-level mechanisms of inhibitor action that prevent β-hematin growth recovery. Hematin adducts of artemisinins incite copious nucleation of nonextendable nanocrystals, which incorporate into larger growing crystals, whereas pyronaridine, a quinoline-class drug, promotes step bunches, which evolve to engender abundant dislocations. Both incorporated crystals and dislocations are known to induce lattice strain, which persists and permanently impedes crystal growth. Nucleation, step bunching, and other cooperative behaviors can be amplified or curtailed as means to control crystal sizes, size distributions, aspect ratios, and other properties essential for numerous fields that rely on crystalline materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchuan Ma
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Victoria A Balta
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Weichun Pan
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 314423, China
| | - Jeffrey D Rimer
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - David J Sullivan
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Peter G Vekilov
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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20
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Ha DG, Wan R, Kim CA, Lin TA, Yang L, Van Voorhis T, Baldo MA, Dincă M. Exchange controlled triplet fusion in metal-organic frameworks. Nat Mater 2022; 21:1275-1281. [PMID: 36202994 PMCID: PMC9622415 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Triplet-fusion-based photon upconversion holds promise for a wide range of applications, from photovoltaics to bioimaging. The efficiency of triplet fusion, however, is fundamentally limited in conventional molecular and polymeric systems by its spin dependence. Here, we show that the inherent tailorability of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), combined with their highly porous but ordered structure, minimizes intertriplet exchange coupling and engineers effective spin mixing between singlet and quintet triplet-triplet pair states. We demonstrate singlet-quintet coupling in a pyrene-based MOF, NU-1000. An anomalous magnetic field effect is observed from NU-1000 corresponding to an induced resonance between singlet and quintet states that yields an increased fusion rate at room temperature under a relatively low applied magnetic field of 0.14 T. Our results suggest that MOFs offer particular promise for engineering the spin dynamics of multiexcitonic processes and improving their upconversion performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Gwang Ha
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ruomeng Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Changhae Andrew Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ting-An Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Luming Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Troy Van Voorhis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marc A Baldo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Mircea Dincă
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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21
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Mathur N, Mukherjee A, Gao X, Luo J, McCullian BA, Li T, Vamivakas AN, Fuchs GD. Excited-state spin-resonance spectroscopy of V[Formula: see text] defect centers in hexagonal boron nitride. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3233. [PMID: 35680866 PMCID: PMC9184587 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30772-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently discovered spin-active boron vacancy (V[Formula: see text]) defect center in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has high contrast optically-detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) at room-temperature, with a spin-triplet ground-state that shows promise as a quantum sensor. Here we report temperature-dependent ODMR spectroscopy to probe spin within the orbital excited-state. Our experiments determine the excited-state spin Hamiltonian, including a room-temperature zero-field splitting of 2.1 GHz and a g-factor similar to that of the ground-state. We confirm that the resonance is associated with spin rotation in the excited-state using pulsed ODMR measurements, and we observe Zeeman-mediated level anti-crossings in both the orbital ground- and excited-state. Our observation of a single set of excited-state spin-triplet resonance from 10 to 300 K is suggestive of symmetry-lowering of the defect system from D3h to C2v. Additionally, the excited-state ODMR has strong temperature dependence of both contrast and transverse anisotropy splitting, enabling promising avenues for quantum sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Mathur
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | | | - Xingyu Gao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Jialun Luo
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | | | - Tongcang Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - A. Nick Vamivakas
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
- Materials Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
- Center for Coherence and Quantum Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Gregory D. Fuchs
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY USA
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22
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Garrido Torres JA, Gharakhanyan V, Artrith N, Eegholm TH, Urban A. Augmenting zero-Kelvin quantum mechanics with machine learning for the prediction of chemical reactions at high temperatures. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7012. [PMID: 34853301 PMCID: PMC8636515 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27154-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prediction of temperature effects from first principles is computationally demanding and typically too approximate for the engineering of high-temperature processes. Here, we introduce a hybrid approach combining zero-Kelvin first-principles calculations with a Gaussian process regression model trained on temperature-dependent reaction free energies. We apply this physics-based machine-learning model to the prediction of metal oxide reduction temperatures in high-temperature smelting processes that are commonly used for the extraction of metals from their ores and from electronics waste and have a significant impact on the global energy economy and greenhouse gas emissions. The hybrid model predicts accurate reduction temperatures of unseen oxides, is computationally efficient, and surpasses in accuracy computationally much more demanding first-principles simulations that explicitly include temperature effects. The approach provides a general paradigm for capturing the temperature dependence of reaction free energies and derived thermodynamic properties when limited experimental reference data is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio Garrido Torres
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Columbia Electrochemical Energy Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Vahe Gharakhanyan
- Columbia Electrochemical Energy Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Nongnuch Artrith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Columbia Center for Computational Electrochemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Materials Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alexander Urban
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- Columbia Electrochemical Energy Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- Materials Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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23
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Wang J, Jiang Y, Zhao T, Dun Z, Miettinen AL, Wu X, Mourigal M, Zhou H, Pan W, Smirnov D, Jiang Z. Magneto-transport evidence for strong topological insulator phase in ZrTe 5. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6758. [PMID: 34799584 PMCID: PMC8604917 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of a non-trivial band topology usually relies on directly probing the protected surface/edge states. But, it is difficult to achieve electronically in narrow-gap topological materials due to the small (meV) energy scales. Here, we demonstrate that band inversion, a crucial ingredient of the non-trivial band topology, can serve as an alternative, experimentally accessible indicator. We show that an inverted band can lead to a four-fold splitting of the non-zero Landau levels, contrasting the two-fold splitting (spin splitting only) in the normal band. We confirm our predictions in magneto-transport experiments on a narrow-gap strong topological insulator, zirconium pentatelluride (ZrTe5), with the observation of additional splittings in the quantum oscillations and also an anomalous peak in the extreme quantum limit. Our work establishes an effective strategy for identifying the band inversion as well as the associated topological phases for future topological materials research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Wang
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxuan Jiang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
| | - Tianhao Zhao
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Zhiling Dun
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Anna L Miettinen
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Xiaosong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Martin Mourigal
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Haidong Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Wei Pan
- Quantum and Electronic Materials Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA
| | - Dmitry Smirnov
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Zhigang Jiang
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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24
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Jana MK, Song R, Xie Y, Zhao R, Sercel PC, Blum V, Mitzi DB. Structural descriptor for enhanced spin-splitting in 2D hybrid perovskites. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4982. [PMID: 34404766 PMCID: PMC8371112 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid metal halide perovskites have emerged as outstanding optoelectronic materials and are potential hosts of Rashba/Dresselhaus spin-splitting for spin-selective transport and spin-orbitronics. However, a quantitative microscopic understanding of what controls the spin-splitting magnitude is generally lacking. Through crystallographic and first-principles studies on a broad array of chiral and achiral 2D perovskites, we demonstrate that a specific bond angle disparity connected with asymmetric tilting distortions of the metal halide octahedra breaks local inversion symmetry and strongly correlates with computed spin-splitting. This distortion metric can serve as a crystallographic descriptor for rapid discovery of potential candidate materials with strong spin-splitting. Our work establishes that, rather than the global space group, local inorganic layer distortions induced via appropriate organic cations provide a key design objective to achieve strong spin-splitting in perovskites. New chiral perovskites reported here couple a sizeable spin-splitting with chiral degrees of freedom and offer a unique paradigm of potential interest for spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Jana
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ruyi Song
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yi Xie
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- University Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rundong Zhao
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Peter C Sercel
- Center for Hybrid Organic Inorganic Semiconductors for Energy, Golden, CO, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Volker Blum
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - David B Mitzi
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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25
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He M, Zhang YH, Li Y, Fei Z, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Xu X, Yankowitz M. Competing correlated states and abundant orbital magnetism in twisted monolayer-bilayer graphene. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4727. [PMID: 34354061 PMCID: PMC8342414 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flat band moiré superlattices have recently emerged as unique platforms for investigating the interplay between strong electronic correlations, nontrivial band topology, and multiple isospin 'flavor' symmetries. Twisted monolayer-bilayer graphene (tMBG) is an especially rich system owing to its low crystal symmetry and the tunability of its bandwidth and topology with an external electric field. Here, we find that orbital magnetism is abundant within the correlated phase diagram of tMBG, giving rise to the anomalous Hall effect in correlated metallic states nearby most odd integer fillings of the flat conduction band, as well as correlated Chern insulator states stabilized in an external magnetic field. The behavior of the states at zero field appears to be inconsistent with simple spin and valley polarization for the specific range of twist angles we investigate, and instead may plausibly result from an intervalley coherent (IVC) state with an order parameter that breaks time reversal symmetry. The application of a magnetic field further tunes the competition between correlated states, in some cases driving first-order topological phase transitions. Our results underscore the rich interplay between closely competing correlated ground states in tMBG, with possible implications for probing exotic IVC ordering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhao He
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ya-Hui Zhang
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zaiyao Fei
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Matthew Yankowitz
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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26
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Varnava N, Wilson JH, Pixley JH, Vanderbilt D. Controllable quantum point junction on the surface of an antiferromagnetic topological insulator. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3998. [PMID: 34183668 PMCID: PMC8238970 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering and manipulation of unidirectional channels has been achieved in quantum Hall systems, leading to the construction of electron interferometers and proposals for low-power electronics and quantum information science applications. However, to fully control the mixing and interference of edge-state wave functions, one needs stable and tunable junctions. Encouraged by recent material candidates, here we propose to achieve this using an antiferromagnetic topological insulator that supports two distinct types of gapless unidirectional channels, one from antiferromagnetic domain walls and the other from single-height steps. Their distinct geometric nature allows them to intersect robustly to form quantum point junctions, which then enables their control by magnetic and electrostatic local probes. We show how the existence of stable and tunable junctions, the intrinsic magnetism and the potential for higher-temperature performance make antiferromagnetic topological insulators a promising platform for electron quantum optics and microelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicodemos Varnava
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Center for Materials Theory, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Justin H Wilson
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Center for Materials Theory, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - J H Pixley
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Center for Materials Theory, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - David Vanderbilt
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Center for Materials Theory, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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27
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Park S, Yuk H, Zhao R, Yim YS, Woldeghebriel EW, Kang J, Canales A, Fink Y, Choi GB, Zhao X, Anikeeva P. Adaptive and multifunctional hydrogel hybrid probes for long-term sensing and modulation of neural activity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3435. [PMID: 34103511 PMCID: PMC8187649 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23802-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the underlying mechanisms of progressive neurophysiological phenomena, neural interfaces should interact bi-directionally with brain circuits over extended periods of time. However, such interfaces remain limited by the foreign body response that stems from the chemo-mechanical mismatch between the probes and the neural tissues. To address this challenge, we developed a multifunctional sensing and actuation platform consisting of multimaterial fibers intimately integrated within a soft hydrogel matrix mimicking the brain tissue. These hybrid devices possess adaptive bending stiffness determined by the hydration states of the hydrogel matrix. This enables their direct insertion into the deep brain regions, while minimizing tissue damage associated with the brain micromotion after implantation. The hydrogel hybrid devices permit electrophysiological, optogenetic, and behavioral studies of neural circuits with minimal foreign body responses and tracking of stable isolated single neuron potentials in freely moving mice over 6 months following implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjun Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health and Science Technology (KIHST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Yuk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ruike Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yeong Shin Yim
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eyob W Woldeghebriel
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeewoo Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andres Canales
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yoel Fink
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gloria B Choi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xuanhe Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Polina Anikeeva
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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28
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Abstract
High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) has been transformative to the field of polymer science, enabling the direct imaging of molecular structures. Although some materials have remarkable stability under electron beams, most HRTEM studies are limited by the electron dose the sample can handle. Beam damage of conjugated polymers is not yet fully understood, but it has been suggested that the diffusion of secondary reacting species may play a role. As such, we examine the effect of the addition of antioxidants to a series of solution-processable conjugated polymers as an approach to mitigating beam damage. Characterizing the effects of beam damage by calculating critical dose DC values from the decay of electron diffraction peaks shows that beam damage of conjugated polymers in the TEM can be minimized by using antioxidants at room temperature, even if the antioxidant does not alter or incorporate into polymer crystals. As a consequence, the addition of antioxidants pushes the resolution limit of polymer microscopy, enabling imaging of a 3.6 Å lattice spacing in poly[(5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4,7-diyl)-alt-(3,3″'-di(2-octyldodecyl)-2,2';5',2″;5″,2″'-quaterthiophene-5,5″'-diyl)] (PffBT4T-2OD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Kuei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Enrique D Gomez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA.
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA.
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29
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Xu LJ, Lin X, He Q, Worku M, Ma B. Highly efficient eco-friendly X-ray scintillators based on an organic manganese halide. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4329. [PMID: 32859920 PMCID: PMC7455565 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18119-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Scintillation based X-ray detection has received great attention for its application in a wide range of areas from security to healthcare. Here, we report highly efficient X-ray scintillators with state-of-the-art performance based on an organic metal halide, ethylenebis-triphenylphosphonium manganese (II) bromide ((C38H34P2)MnBr4), which can be prepared using a facile solution growth method at room temperature to form inch sized single crystals. This zero-dimensional organic metal halide hybrid exhibits green emission peaked at 517 nm with a photoluminescence quantum efficiency of ~ 95%. Its X-ray scintillation properties are characterized with an excellent linear response to X-ray dose rate, a high light yield of ~ 80,000 photon MeV-1, and a low detection limit of 72.8 nGy s-1. X-ray imaging tests show that scintillators based on (C38H34P2)MnBr4 powders provide an excellent visualization tool for X-ray radiography, and high resolution flexible scintillators can be fabricated by blending (C38H34P2)MnBr4 powders with polydimethylsiloxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jin Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Xinsong Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Qingquan He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Michael Worku
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Biwu Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
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30
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Sapkota B, Liang W, VahidMohammadi A, Karnik R, Noy A, Wanunu M. High permeability sub-nanometre sieve composite MoS 2 membranes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2747. [PMID: 32488183 PMCID: PMC7265532 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional membranes have gained enormous interest due to their potential to deliver precision filtration of species with performance that can challenge current desalination membrane platforms. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) laminar membranes have recently demonstrated superior stability in aqueous environment to their extensively-studied analogs graphene-based membranes; however, challenges such as low ion rejection for high salinity water, low water flux, and low stability over time delay their potential adoption as a viable technology. Here, we report composite laminate multilayer MoS2 membranes with stacked heterodimensional one- to two-layer-thick porous nanosheets and nanodisks. These membranes have a multimodal porous network structure with tunable surface charge, pore size, and interlayer spacing. In forward osmosis, our membranes reject more than 99% of salts at high salinities and, in reverse osmosis, small-molecule organic dyes and salts are efficiently filtered. Finally, our membranes stably operate for over a month, implying their potential for use in commercial water purification applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedanga Sapkota
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wentao Liang
- Kostas Advanced Nanocharacterization Facility (KANCF), Northeastern University, Burlington, MA, 01803, USA
| | | | - Rohit Karnik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Aleksandr Noy
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Meni Wanunu
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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31
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Abstract
Quasiperiodic systems are aperiodic but deterministic, so their critical behavior differs from that of clean systems and disordered ones as well. Quasiperiodic criticality was previously understood only in the special limit where the couplings follow discrete quasiperiodic sequences. Here we consider generic quasiperiodic modulations; we find, remarkably, that for a wide class of spin chains, generic quasiperiodic modulations flow to discrete sequences under a real-space renormalization-group transformation. These discrete sequences are therefore fixed points of a functional renormalization group. This observation allows for an asymptotically exact treatment of the critical points. We use this approach to analyze the quasiperiodic Heisenberg, Ising, and Potts spin chains, as well as a phenomenological model for the quasiperiodic many-body localization transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Agrawal
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA.
| | - Sarang Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, CUNY College of Staten Island, Staten Island, New York, 10314, USA
- Physics Program and Initiative for the Theoretical Sciences, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Romain Vasseur
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
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32
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Abstract
Visible-light and infrared-light persistent phosphors are extensively studied and are being used as self-sustained glowing tags in darkness. In contrast, persistent phosphors for higher-energy, solar-blind ultraviolet-C wavelengths (200-280 nm) are lacking. Also, persistent tags working in bright environments are not available. Here we report five types of Pr3+-doped silicates (melilite, cyclosilicate, silicate garnet, oxyorthosilicate, and orthosilicate) ultraviolet-C persistent phosphors that can act as self-sustained glowing tags in bright environments. These ultraviolet-C persistent phosphors can be effectively charged by a standard 254 nm lamp and emit intense, long-lasting afterglow at 265-270 nm, which can be clearly monitored and imaged by a corona camera in daylight and room light. Besides thermal-stimulation, in bright environments, photo-stimulation also contributes to the afterglow emission and its contribution can be dominant when ambient light is strong. This study expands persistent luminescence research to the ultraviolet-C wavelengths and brings persistent luminescence applications to light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Wang
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Yafei Chen
- Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory for UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengwei Pan
- Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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33
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Abstract
We demonstrate that holographic particle characterization can directly detect binding of proteins to functionalized colloidal probe particles by monitoring the associated change in the particles' size. This label-free molecular binding assay uses in-line holographic video microscopy to measure the diameter and refractive index of individual probe spheres as they flow down a microfluidic channel. Pooling measurements on 104 particles yields the population-average diameter with an uncertainty smaller than 0.5 nm, which is sufficient to detect sub-monolayer coverage by bound proteins. We demonstrate this method by monitoring binding of NeutrAvidin to biotinylated spheres and binding of immunoglobulin G to spheres functionalized with protein A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Zagzag
- Department of Physics and Center for Soft Matter Research, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - M Francesca Soddu
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Andrew D Hollingsworth
- Department of Physics and Center for Soft Matter Research, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - David G Grier
- Department of Physics and Center for Soft Matter Research, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
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34
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Wieder BJ, Wang Z, Cano J, Dai X, Schoop LM, Bradlyn B, Bernevig BA. Strong and fragile topological Dirac semimetals with higher-order Fermi arcs. Nat Commun 2020; 11:627. [PMID: 32005893 PMCID: PMC6994491 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dirac and Weyl semimetals both exhibit arc-like surface states. However, whereas the surface Fermi arcs in Weyl semimetals are topological consequences of the Weyl points themselves, the surface Fermi arcs in Dirac semimetals are not directly related to the bulk Dirac points, raising the question of whether there exists a topological bulk-boundary correspondence for Dirac semimetals. In this work, we discover that strong and fragile topological Dirac semimetals exhibit one-dimensional (1D) higher-order hinge Fermi arcs (HOFAs) as universal, direct consequences of their bulk 3D Dirac points. To predict HOFAs coexisting with topological surface states in solid-state Dirac semimetals, we introduce and layer a spinful model of an s-d-hybridized quadrupole insulator (QI). We develop a rigorous nested Jackiw-Rebbi formulation of QIs and HOFA states. Employing ab initio calculations, we demonstrate HOFAs in both the room- (α) and intermediate-temperature (α″) phases of Cd3As2, KMgBi, and rutile-structure ([Formula: see text]-) PtO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Wieder
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jennifer Cano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11974, USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, The Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Xi Dai
- Physics Department, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Leslie M Schoop
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Barry Bradlyn
- Department of Physics and Institute for Condensed Matter Theory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801-3080, USA.
- Donostia International Physics Center, P. Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - B Andrei Bernevig
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120, Halle, Germany.
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35
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Harden TT, Herlambang KS, Chamberlain M, Lalanne JB, Wells CD, Li GW, Landick R, Hochschild A, Kondev J, Gelles J. Alternative transcription cycle for bacterial RNA polymerase. Nat Commun 2020; 11:448. [PMID: 31974358 PMCID: PMC6978322 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerases (RNAPs) transcribe genes through a cycle of recruitment to promoter DNA, initiation, elongation, and termination. After termination, RNAP is thought to initiate the next round of transcription by detaching from DNA and rebinding a new promoter. Here we use single-molecule fluorescence microscopy to observe individual RNAP molecules after transcript release at a terminator. Following termination, RNAP almost always remains bound to DNA and sometimes exhibits one-dimensional sliding over thousands of basepairs. Unexpectedly, the DNA-bound RNAP often restarts transcription, usually in reverse direction, thus producing an antisense transcript. Furthermore, we report evidence of this secondary initiation in live cells, using genome-wide RNA sequencing. These findings reveal an alternative transcription cycle that allows RNAP to reinitiate without dissociating from DNA, which is likely to have important implications for gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy T Harden
- Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA
| | | | | | - Jean-Benoît Lalanne
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Christopher D Wells
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnick Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gene-Wei Li
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Robert Landick
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Ann Hochschild
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnick Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jane Kondev
- Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA.
| | - Jeff Gelles
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA.
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36
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Connors M, Yang T, Hosny A, Deng Z, Yazdandoost F, Massaadi H, Eernisse D, Mirzaeifar R, Dean MN, Weaver JC, Ortiz C, Li L. Bioinspired design of flexible armor based on chiton scales. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5413. [PMID: 31822663 PMCID: PMC6904579 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Man-made armors often rely on rigid structures for mechanical protection, which typically results in a trade-off with flexibility and maneuverability. Chitons, a group of marine mollusks, evolved scaled armors that address similar challenges. Many chiton species possess hundreds of small, mineralized scales arrayed on the soft girdle that surrounds their overlapping shell plates. Ensuring both flexibility for locomotion and protection of the underlying soft body, the scaled girdle is an excellent model for multifunctional armor design. Here we conduct a systematic study of the material composition, nanomechanical properties, three-dimensional geometry, and interspecific structural diversity of chiton girdle scales. Moreover, inspired by the tessellated organization of chiton scales, we fabricate a synthetic flexible scaled armor analogue using parametric computational modeling and multi-material 3D printing. This approach allows us to conduct a quantitative evaluation of our chiton-inspired armor to assess its orientation-dependent flexibility and protection capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Connors
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Ahmed Hosny
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zhifei Deng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Fatemeh Yazdandoost
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Hajar Massaadi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA
| | - Douglas Eernisse
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, 92834, USA
| | - Reza Mirzaeifar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Mason N Dean
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14424, Potsdam, Germany
| | - James C Weaver
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Christine Ortiz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA.
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37
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Kushwaha SK, Chan MK, Park J, Thomas SM, Bauer ED, Thompson JD, Ronning F, Rosa PFS, Harrison N. Magnetic field-tuned Fermi liquid in a Kondo insulator. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5487. [PMID: 31792205 PMCID: PMC6889157 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13421-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Kondo insulators are expected to transform into metals under a sufficiently strong magnetic field. The closure of the insulating gap stems from the coupling of a magnetic field to the electron spin, yet the required strength of the magnetic field-typically of order 100 T-means that very little is known about this insulator-metal transition. Here we show that Ce[Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text]Pd[Formula: see text], owing to its fortuitously small gap, provides an ideal Kondo insulator for this investigation. A metallic Fermi liquid state is established above a critical magnetic field of only [Formula: see text] 11 T. A peak in the strength of electronic correlations near [Formula: see text], which is evident in transport and susceptibility measurements, suggests that Ce[Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text]Pd[Formula: see text] may exhibit quantum criticality analogous to that reported in Kondo insulators under pressure. Metamagnetism and the breakdown of the Kondo coupling are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya K Kushwaha
- MPA-MAGLAB, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
- MPA-CMMS, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Mun K Chan
- MPA-MAGLAB, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Joonbum Park
- MPA-MAGLAB, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - S M Thomas
- MPA-CMMS, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Eric D Bauer
- MPA-CMMS, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - J D Thompson
- MPA-CMMS, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - F Ronning
- MPA-CMMS, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Priscila F S Rosa
- MPA-CMMS, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Neil Harrison
- MPA-MAGLAB, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
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38
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Garg AA, Jones TH, Moss SM, Mishra S, Kaul K, Ahirwar DK, Ferree J, Kumar P, Subramaniam D, Ganju RK, Subramaniam VV, Song JW. Electromagnetic fields alter the motility of metastatic breast cancer cells. Commun Biol 2019; 2:303. [PMID: 31428691 PMCID: PMC6687738 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between cells and their environment influence key physiologic processes such as their propensity to migrate. However, directed migration controlled by extrinsically applied electrical signals is poorly understood. Using a novel microfluidic platform, we found that metastatic breast cancer cells sense and respond to the net direction of weak (∼100 µV cm-1), asymmetric, non-contact induced Electric Fields (iEFs). iEFs inhibited EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) activation, prevented formation of actin-rich filopodia, and hindered the motility of EGF-treated breast cancer cells. The directional effects of iEFs were nullified by inhibition of Akt phosphorylation. Moreover, iEFs in combination with Akt inhibitor reduced EGF-promoted motility below the level of untreated controls. These results represent a step towards isolating the coupling mechanism between cell motility and iEFs, provide valuable insights into how iEFs target multiple diverging cancer cell signaling mechanisms, and demonstrate that electrical signals are a fundamental regulator of cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayush Arpit Garg
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Travis H. Jones
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Sarah M. Moss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Sanjay Mishra
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Kirti Kaul
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Dinesh K. Ahirwar
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Jessica Ferree
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Prabhat Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Deepa Subramaniam
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Ramesh K. Ganju
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Vish V. Subramaniam
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Jonathan W. Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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39
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Smith JS, Nebgen BT, Zubatyuk R, Lubbers N, Devereux C, Barros K, Tretiak S, Isayev O, Roitberg AE. Approaching coupled cluster accuracy with a general-purpose neural network potential through transfer learning. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2903. [PMID: 31263102 PMCID: PMC6602931 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10827-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational modeling of chemical and biological systems at atomic resolution is a crucial tool in the chemist's toolset. The use of computer simulations requires a balance between cost and accuracy: quantum-mechanical methods provide high accuracy but are computationally expensive and scale poorly to large systems, while classical force fields are cheap and scalable, but lack transferability to new systems. Machine learning can be used to achieve the best of both approaches. Here we train a general-purpose neural network potential (ANI-1ccx) that approaches CCSD(T)/CBS accuracy on benchmarks for reaction thermochemistry, isomerization, and drug-like molecular torsions. This is achieved by training a network to DFT data then using transfer learning techniques to retrain on a dataset of gold standard QM calculations (CCSD(T)/CBS) that optimally spans chemical space. The resulting potential is broadly applicable to materials science, biology, and chemistry, and billions of times faster than CCSD(T)/CBS calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin S Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Benjamin T Nebgen
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Roman Zubatyuk
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Atmospheric Science, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA
| | - Nicholas Lubbers
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Christian Devereux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Kipton Barros
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
| | - Olexandr Isayev
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Adrian E Roitberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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40
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Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the development of single-molecule localization microscopy as a generic tool for sampling diverse biologically relevant information at the super-resolution level. While current approaches often rely on the target-specific alteration of the point spread function to encode the multidimensional contents of single fluorophores, the details of the point spread function in an unmodified microscope already contain rich information. Here we introduce a data-driven approach in which artificial neural networks are trained to make a direct link between an experimental point spread function image and its underlying, multidimensional parameters, and compare results with alternative approaches based on maximum likelihood estimation. To demonstrate this concept in real systems, we decipher in fixed cells both the colors and the axial positions of single molecules in regular localization microscopy data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Seonah Moon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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41
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Son J, Kwon J, Kim S, Lv Y, Yu J, Lee JY, Ryu H, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Garrido-Menacho R, Mason N, Ertekin E, Huang PY, Lee GH, M van der Zande A. Atomically precise graphene etch stops for three dimensional integrated systems from two dimensional material heterostructures. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3988. [PMID: 30266948 PMCID: PMC6162276 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06524-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomically precise fabrication methods are critical for the development of next-generation technologies. For example, in nanoelectronics based on van der Waals heterostructures, where two-dimensional materials are stacked to form devices with nanometer thicknesses, a major challenge is patterning with atomic precision and individually addressing each molecular layer. Here we demonstrate an atomically thin graphene etch stop for patterning van der Waals heterostructures through the selective etch of two-dimensional materials with xenon difluoride gas. Graphene etch stops enable one-step patterning of sophisticated devices from heterostructures by accessing buried layers and forming one-dimensional contacts. Graphene transistors with fluorinated graphene contacts show a room temperature mobility of 40,000 cm2 V-1 s-1 at carrier density of 4 × 1012 cm-2 and contact resistivity of 80 Ω·μm. We demonstrate the versatility of graphene etch stops with three-dimensionally integrated nanoelectronics with multiple active layers and nanoelectromechanical devices with performance comparable to the state-of-the-art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangyup Son
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Junyoung Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - SunPhil Kim
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yinchuan Lv
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 W Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jaehyung Yu
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jong-Young Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Huije Ryu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Rita Garrido-Menacho
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 W Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 S Goodwin Avenue MC-230, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Nadya Mason
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 W Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 S Goodwin Avenue MC-230, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Elif Ertekin
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 S Goodwin Avenue MC-230, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Pinshane Y Huang
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 S Goodwin Avenue MC-230, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Gwan-Hyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Arend M van der Zande
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 S Goodwin Avenue MC-230, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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42
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Nemati A, Shadpour S, Querciagrossa L, Li L, Mori T, Gao M, Zannoni C, Hegmann T. Chirality amplification by desymmetrization of chiral ligand-capped nanoparticles to nanorods quantified in soft condensed matter. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3908. [PMID: 30254259 PMCID: PMC6156227 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction, transmission, and manipulation of chirality in molecular systems are well known, widely applied concepts. However, our understanding of how chirality of nanoscale entities can be controlled, measured, and transmitted to the environment is considerably lacking behind. Future discoveries of dynamic assemblies engineered from chiral nanomaterials, with a specific focus on shape and size effects, require exact methods to assess transmission and amplification of nanoscale chirality through space. Here we present a remarkably powerful chirality amplification approach by desymmetrization of plasmonic nanoparticles to nanorods. When bound to gold nanorods, a one order of magnitude lower number of chiral molecules induces a tighter helical distortion in the surrounding liquid crystal-a remarkable amplification of chirality through space. The change in helical distortion is consistent with a quantification of the change in overall chirality of the chiral ligand decorated nanomaterials differing in shape and size as calculated from a suitable pseudoscalar chirality indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam Nemati
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
| | - Sasan Shadpour
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
| | - Lara Querciagrossa
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari" and INSTM, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, IT-40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lin Li
- Institute for Smart Liquid Crystals, JITRI, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Taizo Mori
- Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Min Gao
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
| | - Claudio Zannoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari" and INSTM, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, IT-40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Torsten Hegmann
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA.
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43
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Hanson JP, Bagri A, Lind J, Kenesei P, Suter RM, Gradečak S, Demkowicz MJ. Crystallographic character of grain boundaries resistant to hydrogen-assisted fracture in Ni-base alloy 725. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3386. [PMID: 30140001 PMCID: PMC6107512 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05549-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) causes sudden, costly failures of metal components across a wide range of industries. Yet, despite over a century of research, the physical mechanisms of HE are too poorly understood to predict HE-induced failures with confidence. We use non-destructive, synchrotron-based techniques to investigate the relationship between the crystallographic character of grain boundaries and their susceptibility to hydrogen-assisted fracture in a nickel superalloy. Our data lead us to identify a class of grain boundaries with striking resistance to hydrogen-assisted crack propagation: boundaries with low-index planes (BLIPs). BLIPs are boundaries where at least one of the neighboring grains has a low Miller index facet-{001}, {011}, or {111}-along the grain boundary plane. These boundaries deflect propagating cracks, toughening the material and improving its HE resistance. Our finding paves the way to improved predictions of HE based on the density and distribution of BLIPs in metal microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Hanson
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Akbar Bagri
- Department of Civil Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jonathan Lind
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Engineering Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Peter Kenesei
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Robert M Suter
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Silvija Gradečak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael J Demkowicz
- Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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