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Galán MF, Serrano J, Jarque EC, Borrego-Varillas R, Lucchini M, Reduzzi M, Nisoli M, Brahms C, Travers JC, Hernández-García C, San Roman J. Robust Isolated Attosecond Pulse Generation with Self-Compressed Subcycle Drivers from Hollow Capillary Fibers. ACS Photonics 2024; 11:1673-1683. [PMID: 38645995 PMCID: PMC11027177 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
High-order harmonic generation (HHG) arising from the nonperturbative interaction of intense light fields with matter constitutes a well-established tabletop source of coherent extreme-ultraviolet and soft X-ray radiation, which is typically emitted as attosecond pulse trains. However, ultrafast applications increasingly demand isolated attosecond pulses (IAPs), which offer great promise for advancing precision control of electron dynamics. Yet, the direct generation of IAPs typically requires the synthesis of near-single-cycle intense driving fields, which is technologically challenging. In this work, we theoretically demonstrate a novel scheme for the straightforward and compact generation of IAPs from multicycle infrared drivers using hollow capillary fibers (HCFs). Starting from a standard, intense multicycle infrared pulse, a light transient is generated by extreme soliton self-compression in a HCF with decreasing pressure and is subsequently used to drive HHG in a gas target. Owing to the subcycle confinement of the HHG process, high-contrast IAPs are continuously emitted almost independently of the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of the optimally self-compressed drivers. This results in a CEP-robust scheme which is also stable under macroscopic propagation of the high harmonics in a gas target. Our results open the way to a new generation of integrated all-fiber IAP sources, overcoming the efficiency limitations of usual gating techniques for multicycle drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fernández Galán
- Grupo
de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
- Unidad
de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructuradas (LUMES), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
| | - Javier Serrano
- Grupo
de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
- Unidad
de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructuradas (LUMES), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
| | - Enrique Conejero Jarque
- Grupo
de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
- Unidad
de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructuradas (LUMES), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
| | - Rocío Borrego-Varillas
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Matteo Lucchini
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Maurizio Reduzzi
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Mauro Nisoli
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Christian Brahms
- School
of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United
Kingdom
| | - John C. Travers
- School
of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United
Kingdom
| | - Carlos Hernández-García
- Grupo
de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
- Unidad
de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructuradas (LUMES), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
| | - Julio San Roman
- Grupo
de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
- Unidad
de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructuradas (LUMES), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
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2
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Neufeld O, Zhang J, De Giovannini U, Hübener H, Rubio A. Probing phonon dynamics with multidimensional high harmonic carrier-envelope-phase spectroscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204219119. [PMID: 35704757 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204219119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High harmonic generation (HHG) has recently been established as a powerful method for probing ultrafast electron dynamics in solids. However, it remains unknown if HHG can be similarly applied for probing lattice distortions such as phonons. Specifically, it is unclear if the extreme nonlinearity of HHG can contribute to enhanced temporal resolution or sensitivity for probing lattice dynamics (compared to other, perturbative, methods). Here, we theoretically explore HHG in solids with active phonons. We present a pump-probe and multidimensional spectroscopy approach that relies on carrier-envelope-phase-sensitivity, in which HHG is highly sensitive for phonon dynamics. Strikingly, the predicted temporal resolution is ∼1 femtosecond, much below the probe pulse duration, owing to the subcycle nature of the approach. We explore pump-probe high harmonic generation (HHG) from monolayer hexagonal-boron-nitride, where a terahertz pump excites coherent optical phonons that are subsequently probed by an intense infrared pulse that drives HHG. We find, through state-of-the-art ab initio calculations, that the structure of the emission spectrum is attenuated by the presence of coherent phonons and no longer comprises discrete harmonic orders, but rather a continuous emission in the plateau region. The HHG yield strongly oscillates as a function of the pump-probe delay, corresponding to ultrafast changes in the lattice such as specific bond compression or stretching dynamics. We further show that in the regime where the excited phonon period and the pulse duration are of the same order of magnitude, the HHG process becomes sensitive to the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of the driving field, even though the pulse duration is so long that no such sensitivity is observed in the absence of coherent phonons. The degree of CEP sensitivity versus pump-probe delay is shown to be a highly selective measure for instantaneous structural changes in the lattice, providing an approach for ultrafast multidimensional HHG spectroscopy. Remarkably, the obtained temporal resolution for phonon dynamics is ∼1 femtosecond, which is much shorter than the probe pulse duration because of the inherent subcycle contrast mechanism. Our work paves the way toward routes of probing phonons and ultrafast material structural changes with subcycle temporal resolution and provides a mechanism for controlling the HHG spectrum.
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3
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Zinchenko KS, Ardana-Lamas F, Utrio Lanfaloni V, Pertot Y, Luu TT, Wörner HJ. Energy scaling of carrier-envelope-phase-stable sub-two-cycle pulses at 1.76 µm from hollow-core-fiber compression to 1.9 mJ. Opt Express 2022; 30:22376-22387. [PMID: 36224936 DOI: 10.1364/oe.457477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present the energy scaling of a sub-two-cycle (10.4 fs) carrier-envelope-phase-stable light source centered at 1.76 µm to 1.9 mJ pulse energy. The light source is based on an optimized spectral-broadening scheme in a hollow-core fiber and a consecutive pulse compression with bulk material. This is, to our knowledge, the highest pulse energy reported to date from this type of sources. We demonstrate the application of this improved source to the generation of bright water-window soft-X-ray high harmonics. Combined with the short pulse duration, this source paves the way to the attosecond time-resolved water-window spectroscopy of complex molecules in aqueous solutions.
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4
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Lin YC, Midorikawa K, Nabekawa Y. Carrier-envelope phase control of synthesized waveforms with two acousto-optic programmable dispersive filters. Opt Express 2022; 30:10818-10832. [PMID: 35473040 DOI: 10.1364/oe.447820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the scanning and control of the carrier-envelope phases (CEPs) of two adjacent spectral components totally spanning more than one-octave in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) wavelength region by operating two individual acousto-optic programmable dispersive filters (AOPDFs) applied to each of the two spectral components. The total CEP shift of the synthesized sub-cycle pulse composed of the two spectral components is controlled with simultaneous scans of the two CEPs. The resultant error of the controlled CEP was 642 mrad, so that this technique is useful for searching zero CEP of the synthesized pulse with the maximum field amplitude. In addition, we conduct a closed feedback loop to compensate for the CEP fluctuation by using the two AOPDFs together. As a result, we succeed to reduce the rms error of the CEP from 399 mrad to 237 mrad.
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5
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Shcherbakov MR, Zhang H, Tripepi M, Sartorello G, Talisa N, AlShafey A, Fan Z, Twardowski J, Krivitsky LA, Kuznetsov AI, Chowdhury E, Shvets G. Generation of even and odd high harmonics in resonant metasurfaces using single and multiple ultra-intense laser pulses. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4185. [PMID: 34234138 PMCID: PMC8263774 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High harmonic generation (HHG) opens a window on the fundamental science of strong-field light-mater interaction and serves as a key building block for attosecond optics and metrology. Resonantly enhanced HHG from hot spots in nanostructures is an attractive route to overcoming the well-known limitations of gases and bulk solids. Here, we demonstrate a nanoscale platform for highly efficient HHG driven by intense mid-infrared laser pulses: an ultra-thin resonant gallium phosphide (GaP) metasurface. The wide bandgap and the lack of inversion symmetry of the GaP crystal enable the generation of even and odd harmonics covering a wide range of photon energies between 1.3 and 3 eV with minimal reabsorption. The resonantly enhanced conversion efficiency facilitates single-shot measurements that avoid material damage and pave the way to study the controllable transition between perturbative and non-perturbative regimes of light-matter interactions at the nanoscale. Strong nonlinearities, like high harmonic generation in optical systems, can lead to interesting applications in photonics. Here the authors fabricate a thin resonant gallium phosphide metasurface capable of avoiding the laser-induced damage and demonstrate efficient even and odd high harmonic generation from it when driven by mid-infrared laser pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim R Shcherbakov
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Haizhong Zhang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Tripepi
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Giovanni Sartorello
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Noah Talisa
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Zhiyuan Fan
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Justin Twardowski
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Leonid A Krivitsky
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arseniy I Kuznetsov
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Enam Chowdhury
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gennady Shvets
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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6
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Mandal A, Hunt KLC. Quantum transition probabilities due to overlapping electromagnetic pulses: Persistent differences between Dirac's form and nonadiabatic perturbation theory. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:024116. [PMID: 33445917 DOI: 10.1063/5.0020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The probability of transition to an excited state of a quantum system in a time-dependent electromagnetic field determines the energy uptake from the field. The standard expression for the transition probability has been given by Dirac. Landau and Lifshitz suggested, instead, that the adiabatic effects of a perturbation should be excluded from the transition probability, leaving an expression in terms of the nonadiabatic response. In our previous work, we have found that these two approaches yield different results while a perturbing field is acting on the system. Here, we prove, for the first time, that differences between the two approaches may persist after the perturbing fields have been completely turned off. We have designed a pair of overlapping pulses in order to establish the possibility of lasting differences, in a case with dephasing. Our work goes beyond the analysis presented by Landau and Lifshitz, since they considered only linear response and required that a constant perturbation must remain as t → ∞. First, a "plateau" pulse populates an excited rotational state and produces coherences between the ground and excited states. Then, an infrared pulse acts while the electric field of the first pulse is constant, but after dephasing has occurred. The nonadiabatic perturbation theory permits dephasing, but dephasing of the perturbed part of the wave function cannot occur within Dirac's method. When the frequencies in both pulses are on resonance, the lasting differences in the calculated transition probabilities may exceed 35%. The predicted differences are larger for off-resonant perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Katharine L C Hunt
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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7
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Zhang YX, Rykovanov S, Shi M, Zhong CL, He XT, Qiao B, Zepf M. Giant Isolated Attosecond Pulses from Two-Color Laser-Plasma Interactions. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:114802. [PMID: 32242678 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.114802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new regime in the interaction of a two-color (ω,2ω) laser with a nanometer-scale foil is identified, resulting in the emission of extremely intense, isolated attosecond pulses-even in the case of multicycle lasers. For foils irradiated by lasers exceeding the blow-out field strength (i.e., capable of fully separating electrons from the ion background), the addition of a second harmonic field results in the stabilization of the foil up to the blow-out intensity. This is then followed by a sharp transition to transparency that essentially occurs in a single optical cycle. During the transition cycle, a dense, nanometer-scale electron bunch is accelerated to relativistic velocities and emits a single, strong attosecond pulse with a peak intensity approaching that of the laser field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y X Zhang
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, SKLNPT, and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - S Rykovanov
- Center for Computational and Data-Intensive Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - C L Zhong
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, SKLNPT, and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - X T He
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, SKLNPT, and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, China
| | - B Qiao
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, SKLNPT, and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - M Zepf
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
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8
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Abstract
A theoretical study on the ionization dynamics of carbon atom irradiated with a few-cycle, intense laser field is performed within a quasiclassical model to get mechanistic insights into an earlier reported carrier-envelope phase dependency of ionization probabilities of an atom [ Phys. Rev. Lett. 2013, 110, 083602]. The carrier-envelope phase of the laser pulse is found to govern the overall dynamics, reflecting its importance in controlling electronic motion. To understand the origin of this effect, individual trajectories were analyzed at a particular laser intensity. We found that a variation in the carrier-envelope phase affects the angle of ejection of the electrons and subsequently the attainment of the desired final state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptesh Dey
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata , Mohanpur 741246 , India
| | - Dhiman Ray
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata , Mohanpur 741246 , India
| | - Ashwani K Tiwari
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata , Mohanpur 741246 , India
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9
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Mofared M, Irani E, Sadighi-Bonabi R. Enhancing high harmonic generation by the global optimization of a two-color chirped laser field. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9302-9309. [PMID: 30993269 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07619g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced high harmonics are generated by local and global optimization approaches to achieve a supercontinuum spectrum. Based on time-dependent density functional theory calculations, the optimum convolution of a two-color chirped pulse from an N2O molecule implements a significant enhancement of cutoff frequency and high harmonic yield. The optimization is done by controlling the effective chirp parameters and the carrier-envelope phase of the designed laser field. Indeed, all of the effective parameters are adjusted simultaneously for the global optimization; whereas, just two variables are tuned to obtain the desired cutoff frequency based on the local optimization. The results show that the global optimization approach extends the cutoff frequency by 96% compared to the single-color field, which could produce an isolated 25 as output pulse. This method opens up a valuable route by a pulse shaping mechanism for the control of high harmonic generation and ultrafast measurements for reducing the computational time and repeatability of an experiment with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mofared
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9567, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Neufeld O, Fleischer A, Cohen O. High-order harmonic generation of pulses with multiple timescales: selection rules, carrier envelope phase and cutoff energy. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1562126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Neufeld
- Physics Department and Solid State Institute, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Oren Cohen
- Physics Department and Solid State Institute, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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11
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Wang B, He L, Yuan H, Zhang Q, Lan P, Lu P. Carrier-envelope phase-dependent molecular high-order harmonic generation from H2+ in a multi-cycle regime. Opt Express 2018; 26:33440-33452. [PMID: 30645496 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.033440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carrier-envelope phase (CEP) dependence of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from H2+ in a multi-cycle laser pulse is investigated by solving the non-Born-Oppenheimer time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE). It is found that high harmonics in the plateau exhibit counterintuitive frequency modulation (FM) as the CEP of the multi-cycle laser varies. Based on the classical electron trajectories and time-frequency analysis, this multi-cycle CEP-dependent FM is demonstrated to result from the interference of half-cycle HHG radiations, which is modulated by laser-driven nuclear motion. The mechanism of the CEP-dependent FM is further confirmed by simulations based on a simple algorithm in the time domain, which satisfactorily reproduces the TDSE results. The CEP-dependent FM encodes rich information on the correlated electron and nuclear dynamics, which paves the way for probing nuclear motion with attosecond resolution.
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12
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Rivas DE, Borot A, Cardenas DE, Marcus G, Gu X, Herrmann D, Xu J, Tan J, Kormin D, Ma G, Dallari W, Tsakiris GD, Földes IB, Chou SW, Weidman M, Bergues B, Wittmann T, Schröder H, Tzallas P, Charalambidis D, Razskazovskaya O, Pervak V, Krausz F, Veisz L. Next Generation Driver for Attosecond and Laser-plasma Physics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5224. [PMID: 28701692 PMCID: PMC5507917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05082-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The observation and manipulation of electron dynamics in matter call for attosecond light pulses, routinely available from high-order harmonic generation driven by few-femtosecond lasers. However, the energy limitation of these lasers supports only weak sources and correspondingly linear attosecond studies. Here we report on an optical parametric synthesizer designed for nonlinear attosecond optics and relativistic laser-plasma physics. This synthesizer uniquely combines ultra-relativistic focused intensities of about 1020 W/cm2 with a pulse duration of sub-two carrier-wave cycles. The coherent combination of two sequentially amplified and complementary spectral ranges yields sub-5-fs pulses with multi-TW peak power. The application of this source allows the generation of a broad spectral continuum at 100-eV photon energy in gases as well as high-order harmonics in relativistic plasmas. Unprecedented spatio-temporal confinement of light now permits the investigation of electric-field-driven electron phenomena in the relativistic regime and ultimately the rise of next-generation intense isolated attosecond sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Rivas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany. .,Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München, Am Couloumbwall 1, 85748, Garching, Germany. .,ICFO - The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain.
| | - A Borot
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules, CEA, DSM/IRAMIS, CEN Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D E Cardenas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München, Am Couloumbwall 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - G Marcus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Department of Applied Physics, Benin School of Engineering and Computer Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - X Gu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - D Herrmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - J Xu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), P. O. Box 800-211, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - J Tan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - D Kormin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München, Am Couloumbwall 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - G Ma
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), P. O. Box 800-211, Shanghai, 201800, China.,Peking University Shenzhen SOC Key Laboratory, PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institution, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - W Dallari
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - G D Tsakiris
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - I B Földes
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Association EURATOM HAS, Budapest, Hungary
| | - S-W Chou
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München, Am Couloumbwall 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - M Weidman
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - B Bergues
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - T Wittmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - H Schröder
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - P Tzallas
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, PO Box 1527, GR-711 10, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - D Charalambidis
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, PO Box 1527, GR-711 10, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - O Razskazovskaya
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München, Am Couloumbwall 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - V Pervak
- Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München, Am Couloumbwall 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - F Krausz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München, Am Couloumbwall 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - L Veisz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany. .,Department of Physics, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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13
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Calvert JE, Xu H, Palmer AJ, Glover RD, Laban DE, Tong XM, Kheifets AS, Bartschat K, Litvinyuk IV, Kielpinski D, Sang RT. The interaction of excited atoms and few-cycle laser pulses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34101. [PMID: 27666403 PMCID: PMC5035976 DOI: 10.1038/srep34101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the first observations of the ionisation of neon in a metastable atomic state utilising a strong-field, few-cycle light pulse. We compare the observations to theoretical predictions based on the Ammosov-Delone-Krainov (ADK) theory and a solution to the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE). The TDSE provides better agreement with the experimental data than the ADK theory. We optically pump the target atomic species and measure the ionisation rate as the a function of different steady-state populations in the fine structure of the target state which shows significant ionisation rate dependence on populations of spin-polarised states. The physical mechanism for this effect is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Calvert
- Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Han Xu
- Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - A J Palmer
- Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - R D Glover
- Institute for Atomic and Nuclear Physics, University of Liege, Liege 4000, Belgium
| | - D E Laban
- Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - X M Tong
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Center for Computational Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan
| | - A S Kheifets
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - K Bartschat
- Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Drake University, Des Moines, IA 50311, USA
| | - I V Litvinyuk
- Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - D Kielpinski
- Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - R T Sang
- Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
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14
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Goh SJ, Tao Y, van der Slot PJM, Bastiaens HJM, Herek J, Biedron SG, Danailov MB, Milton SV, Boller KJ. Single-shot fluctuations in waveguided high-harmonic generation. Opt Express 2015; 23:24888-24902. [PMID: 26406689 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.024888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
For exploring the application potential of coherent soft x-ray (SXR) and extreme ultraviolet radiation (XUV) provided by high-harmonic generation, it is important to characterize the central output parameters. Of specific importance are pulse-to-pulse (shot-to-shot) fluctuations of the high-harmonic output energy, fluctuations of the direction of the emission (pointing instabilities), and fluctuations of the beam divergence and shape that reduce the spatial coherence. We present the first single-shot measurements of waveguided high-harmonic generation in a waveguided (capillary-based) geometry. Using a capillary waveguide filled with Argon gas as the nonlinear medium, we provide the first characterization of shot-to-shot fluctuations of the pulse energy, of the divergence and of the beam pointing. We record the strength of these fluctuations vs. two basic input parameters, which are the drive laser pulse energy and the gas pressure in the capillary waveguide. In correlation measurements between single-shot drive laser beam profiles and single-shot high-harmonic beam profiles we prove the absence of drive laser beam-pointing-induced fluctuations in the high-harmonic output. We attribute the main source of high-harmonic fluctuations to ionization-induced nonlinear mode mixing during propagation of the drive laser pulse inside the capillary waveguide.
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15
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Hernández-García C, Holgado W, Plaja L, Alonso B, Silva F, Miranda M, Crespo H, Sola IJ. Carrier-envelope-phase insensitivity in high-order harmonic generation driven by few-cycle laser pulses. Opt Express 2015; 23:21497-21508. [PMID: 26367996 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.021497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present evidence for self-stabilization of the relative spectral phase of high-order harmonic emission against intensity variations of the driving field. Our results demonstrate that, near the laser focus, phase matching of the harmonic field from a macroscopic target can compensate for the intensity dependence of the intrinsic phase of the harmonics emitted by a single radiator. As a consequence, we show experimentally and theoretically the insensitivity of the harmonic spectra produced at the laser focus against variations of the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of a sub-two-cycle driving field. In addition, the associated attosecond pulse trains exhibit phase locking against CEP changes of the few-cycle driver.
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16
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Vogelsang J, Robin J, Piglosiewicz B, Manzoni C, Farinello P, Melzer S, Feru P, Cerullo G, Lienau C, Groß P. High passive CEP stability from a few-cycle, tunable NOPA-DFG system for observation of CEP-effects in photoemission. Opt Express 2014; 22:25295-306. [PMID: 25401563 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.025295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of fundamental mechanisms taking place on a femtosecond time scale is enabled by ultrafast pulsed laser sources. Here, the control of pulse duration, center wavelength, and especially the carrier-envelope phase has been shown to be of essential importance for coherent control of high harmonic generation and attosecond physics and, more recently, also for electron photoemission from metallic nanostructures. In this paper we demonstrate the realization of a source of 2-cycle laser pulses tunable between 1.2 and 2.1 μm, and with intrinsic CEP stability. The latter is guaranteed by difference frequency generation between the output pulse trains of two noncollinear optical parametric amplifier stages that share the same CEP variations. The CEP stability is better than 50 mrad over 20 minutes, when averaging over 100 pulses. We demonstrate the good CEP stability by measuring kinetic energy spectra of photoemitted electrons from a single metal nanostructure and by observing a clear variation of the electron yield with the CEP.
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17
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Teng H, Yun CX, He XK, Zhang W, Wang LF, Zhan MJ, Wang BB, Wei ZY. Observation of non-odd order harmonics by sub-2-cycle laser pulses. Opt Express 2011; 19:17408-17412. [PMID: 21935106 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.017408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
High order harmonics generation from argon gas was comprehensively investigated by using multi-cycle and few-cycle laser pulses. Non-odd order harmonics were observed for sub-5-fs pulses, compare to the normal odd-order harmonics in the multi-cycle case. Theoretic analysis shows that the new spectral structure origins from the asymmetry of laser field in few-cycle pulses. This asymmetry induced both amplitude and phase difference between attosecond pulses from consecutive half-cycle of the laser field, which change the interference property of attosecond pulses and result in complex spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Teng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Zhang Q, Takahashi EJ, Mücke OD, Lu P, Midorikawa K. Dual-chirped optical parametric amplification for generating few hundred mJ infrared pulses. Opt Express 2011; 19:7190-7212. [PMID: 21503032 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.007190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An ultrafast high-power infrared pulse source employing a dual-chirped optical parametric amplification (DC-OPA) scheme based on a Ti:sapphire pump laser system is theoretically investigated. By chirping both pump and seed pulses in an optimized way, high-energy pump pulses can be utilized for a DC-OPA process without exceeding the damage threshold of BBO crystals, and broadband signal and idler pulses at 1.4 μm and 1.87 μm can be generated with a total conversion efficiency approaching 40%. Furthermore, few-cycle idler pulses with a passively stabilized carrier-envelope phase (CEP) can be generated by the difference frequency generation process in a collinear configuration. DC-OPA, a BBO-OPA scheme pumped by a Ti:sapphire laser, is efficient and scalable in output energy of the infrared pulses, which provides us with the design parameters of an ultrafast infrared laser system with an energy up to a few hundred mJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbin Zhang
- Extreme Photonics Research Group, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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19
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Gobert O, Paul PM, Hergott JF, Tcherbakoff O, Lepetit F, 'Oliveira PD, Viala F, Comte M. Carrier-envelope phase control using linear electro-optic effect. Opt Express 2011; 19:5410-5418. [PMID: 21445180 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.005410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a new method to control the Carrier-Envelope Phase of ultra-short laser pulses by using the linear Electro-Optic Effect. Experimental demonstration is carried out on a Chirped Pulse Amplification based laser. Phase shifts greater than π radian can be obtained by applying moderate voltage on a LiNbO3 crystal with practically no changes to all other parameters of the pulse with the exception of its group delay. Time response of the Electro-Optic effect makes possible shaping at a high repetition rate or stabilization of the CEP of ultra short CPA laser systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gobert
- CEA-Saclay, IRAMIS, Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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20
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Abstract
Attosecond double-pulse (twin-pulse) production in high-order harmonic generation is manipulated by a combination of two-color and carrier-envelope phase-control methods. As we show in numerical simulations, both relative amplitude and phase of the double pulse can be independently set by making use of multidimensional parameter control. Two technical implementation routes are discussed: kinetic heterodyning using second-harmonic generation and split-spectrum phase-step control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Raith
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Wen H, Lindenberg AM. Coherent terahertz polarization control through manipulation of electron trajectories. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:023902. [PMID: 19659205 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.023902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of ionized electrons in a plasma can be controlled by synthetic optical fields composed of the fundamental and the second harmonic of femtosecond optical pulses with an arbitrary phase and polarization. We show here that the plasma-emitted half-cycle THz radiation directly reflects the two-dimensional trajectories of the electrons through polarization sensitive THz emission spectroscopy. As a result, we find that the THz polarization smoothly rotates through 2pi radians as the relative phase between the two pulses is adjusted, providing a new means of coherently controlling the polarization of light at THz frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidan Wen
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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22
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Thomann I, Bahabad A, Liu X, Trebino R, Murnane MM, Kapteyn HC. Characterizing isolated attosecond pulses from hollow-core waveguides using multi-cycle driving pulses. Opt Express 2009; 17:4611-4633. [PMID: 19293890 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.004611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The generation of attosecond-duration light pulses using the high-order harmonic generation process is a rapidly evolving area of research. In this work, we combine experimental measurements with careful numerical analysis, to demonstrate that even relatively long-duration, 15 fs, carrier-envelope-phase (CEP) unstabilized near-infrared (NIR) pulses can generate isolated attosecond extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) pulses by the dynamically-changing phase matching conditions in a hollow-core waveguide geometry. The measurements are made using the laser-assisted photoelectric effect to cross-correlate the EUV pulse with the NIR pulse. A FROG CRAB analysis of the resulting traces (photoelectron signal versus photoelectron energy and EUV-NIR delay) is performed using a generalized projections (GP) algorithm, adapted for a wide-angle photoelectron detection geometry and non-CEP stabilized driving laser pulses. In addition, we performed direct FROG CRAB simulations under the same conditions. Such direct simulations allow more freedom to explore the effect of specific pulse parameters on FROG CRAB traces than is possible using the automated GP retrieval algorithm. Our analysis shows that an isolated pulse with duration of approximately 200 attoseconds can result from CEP unstabilized, high intensity approximately 15 fs multi-cycle driving pulses coupled into a hollow-core waveguide filled with low-pressure Argon gas. These are significantly longer driving pulses than used in other experimental implementations of isolated attosecond pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Thomann
- JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
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23
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Bandrauk AD, Barmaki S, Kamta GL. Laser phase control of high-order harmonic generation at large internuclear distance: the H+ -H2+ system. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:013001. [PMID: 17358471 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.013001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Exact (Born-Oppenheimer) 3-D numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation are obtained for the one electron linear H+-H2+ atom-molecule system at large internuclear distance R in interaction with two-cycles intense (I>10(14) W cm(-2)) 800 nm laser pulses. High-order harmonic generation (HHG) spectra are obtained with an energy cutoff larger than the atomic maximum of I(p)+3U(p), where I(p) is the ionization potential and U(p) is the ponderomotive energy. At large R, this extended cutoff is shown to be related to the nature of electron transfer, whose direction is shown to depend critically on the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of the ultrashort pulse. Constructive and destructive interferences in the HHG spectrum resulting from coherent superpositions of electronic states in the H+-H2+ system are interpreted in terms of multiple electron trajectories extracted from a time profile analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- André D Bandrauk
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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24
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Manzoni C, Vozzi C, Benedetti E, Sansone G, Stagira S, Svelto O, De Silvestri S, Nisoli M, Cerullo G. Generation of high-energy self-phase-stabilized pulses by difference-frequency generation followed by optical parametric amplification. Opt Lett 2006; 31:963-5. [PMID: 16602187 DOI: 10.1364/ol.31.000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We produce ultrabroadband self-phase-stabilized near-IR pulses by a novel approach where a seed pulse, obtained by difference-frequency generation of a hollow-fiber broadened supercontinuum, is amplified by a two-stage optical parametric amplifier. Energies up to 20 microJ with a pulse spectrum extending from 1.2 to 1.6 microm are demonstrated, and a route for substantial energy scaling is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Manzoni
- National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science-INFM, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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25
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Lindner F, Schätzel MG, Walther H, Baltuska A, Goulielmakis E, Krausz F, Milosević DB, Bauer D, Becker W, Paulus GG. Attosecond double-slit experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:040401. [PMID: 16090782 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.040401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A new scheme for a double-slit experiment in the time domain is presented. Phase-stabilized few-cycle laser pulses open one to two windows (slits) of attosecond duration for photoionization. Fringes in the angle-resolved energy spectrum of varying visibility depending on the degree of which-way information are measured. A situation in which one and the same electron encounters a single and a double slit at the same time is observed. The investigation of the fringes makes possible interferometry on the attosecond time scale. From the number of visible fringes, for example, one derives that the slits are extended over about 500 as.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lindner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany
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26
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Abstract
Ultrabroadband near-IR (800-1700-nm) pulses are obtained by type II difference-frequency generation (DFG) between two synchronized noncollinear optical parametric amplifiers. Self-stabilization of the carrier-envelope offset phase, as expected from the DFG process, is demonstrated experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Manzoni
- National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science--Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
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27
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Sansone G, Vozzi C, Stagira S, Pascolini M, Poletto L, Villoresi P, Tondello G, De Silvestri S, Nisoli M. Observation of carrier-envelope phase phenomena in the multi-optical-cycle regime. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:113904. [PMID: 15089138 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.113904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2003] [Revised: 11/24/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
So far the role of the carrier-envelope phase of a light pulse has been clearly experimentally evidenced only in the sub-6-fs temporal regime. Here we show, both experimentally and theoretically, the influence of the carrier-envelope phase of a multi-optical-cycle light pulse on high-order harmonic generation. For the first time, we demonstrate that the short and long electron quantum paths contributing to harmonic generation are influenced in a different way by the pulse carrier-envelope phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sansone
- National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science--INFM, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico, Milano, Italy
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