1
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Shi J, Shen Y, Pan F, Sun W, Mangu A, Shi C, McKeown-Green A, Moradifar P, Bawendi MG, Moerner WE, Dionne JA, Liu F, Lindenberg AM. Solution-phase sample-averaged single-particle spectroscopy of quantum emitters with femtosecond resolution. Nat Mater 2024:10.1038/s41563-024-01855-7. [PMID: 38589542 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01855-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The development of many quantum optical technologies depends on the availability of single quantum emitters with near-perfect coherence. Systematic improvement is limited by a lack of understanding of the microscopic energy flow at the single-emitter level and ultrafast timescales. Here we utilize a combination of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and ultrafast spectroscopy to capture the sample-averaged dynamics of defects with single-particle sensitivity. We employ this approach to study heterogeneous emitters in two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride. From milliseconds to nanoseconds, the translational, shelving, rotational and antibunching features are disentangled in time, which quantifies the normalized two-photon emission quantum yield. Leveraging the femtosecond resolution of this technique, we visualize electron-phonon coupling and discover the acceleration of polaronic formation on multi-electron excitation. Corroborated with theory, this translates to the photon fidelity characterization of cascaded emission efficiency and decoherence time. Our work provides a framework for ultrafast spectroscopy in heterogeneous emitters, opening new avenues of extreme-scale characterization for quantum applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojian Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Yuejun Shen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anudeep Mangu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Cindy Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Parivash Moradifar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - W E Moerner
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Dionne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
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2
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Poletayev AD, Hoffmann MC, Dawson JA, Teitelbaum SW, Trigo M, Islam MS, Lindenberg AM. Publisher Correction: The persistence of memory in ionic conduction probed by nonlinear optics. Nature 2024; 626:E14. [PMID: 38291189 PMCID: PMC10866698 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey D Poletayev
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Matthias C Hoffmann
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - James A Dawson
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Centre for Energy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Samuel W Teitelbaum
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Mariano Trigo
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - M Saiful Islam
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
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3
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Johnson AC, Georgaras JD, Shen X, Yao H, Saunders AP, Zeng HJ, Kim H, Sood A, Heinz TF, Lindenberg AM, Luo D, da Jornada FH, Liu F. Hidden phonon highways promote photoinduced interlayer energy transfer in twisted transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadj8819. [PMID: 38266081 PMCID: PMC10807799 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj8819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Vertically stacked van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures exhibit unique electronic, optical, and thermal properties that can be manipulated by twist-angle engineering. However, the weak phononic coupling at a bilayer interface imposes a fundamental thermal bottleneck for future two-dimensional devices. Using ultrafast electron diffraction, we directly investigated photoinduced nonequilibrium phonon dynamics in MoS2/WS2 at 4° twist angle and WSe2/MoSe2 heterobilayers with twist angles of 7°, 16°, and 25°. We identified an interlayer heat transfer channel with a characteristic timescale of ~20 picoseconds, about one order of magnitude faster than molecular dynamics simulations assuming initial intralayer thermalization. Atomistic calculations involving phonon-phonon scattering suggest that this process originates from the nonthermal phonon population following the initial interlayer charge transfer and scattering. Our findings present an avenue for thermal management in vdW heterostructures by tailoring nonequilibrium phonon populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalya C. Johnson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Johnathan D. Georgaras
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Helen Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Helen J. Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hyungjin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aditya Sood
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Tony F. Heinz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aaron M. Lindenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Duan Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Felipe H. da Jornada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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4
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Poletayev AD, Hoffmann MC, Dawson JA, Teitelbaum SW, Trigo M, Islam MS, Lindenberg AM. The persistence of memory in ionic conduction probed by nonlinear optics. Nature 2024; 625:691-696. [PMID: 38267678 PMCID: PMC10808053 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Predicting practical rates of transport in condensed phases enables the rational design of materials, devices and processes. This is especially critical to developing low-carbon energy technologies such as rechargeable batteries1-3. For ionic conduction, the collective mechanisms4,5, variation of conductivity with timescales6-8 and confinement9,10, and ambiguity in the phononic origin of translation11,12, call for a direct probe of the fundamental steps of ionic diffusion: ion hops. However, such hops are rare-event large-amplitude translations, and are challenging to excite and detect. Here we use single-cycle terahertz pumps to impulsively trigger ionic hopping in battery solid electrolytes. This is visualized by an induced transient birefringence, enabling direct probing of anisotropy in ionic hopping on the picosecond timescale. The relaxation of the transient signal measures the decay of orientational memory, and the production of entropy in diffusion. We extend experimental results using in silico transient birefringence to identify vibrational attempt frequencies for ion hopping. Using nonlinear optical methods, we probe ion transport at its fastest limit, distinguish correlated conduction mechanisms from a true random walk at the atomic scale, and demonstrate the connection between activated transport and the thermodynamics of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey D Poletayev
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Matthias C Hoffmann
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - James A Dawson
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Centre for Energy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Samuel W Teitelbaum
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Mariano Trigo
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - M Saiful Islam
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
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5
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Moradifar P, Liu Y, Shi J, Siukola Thurston ML, Utzat H, van Driel TB, Lindenberg AM, Dionne JA. Accelerating Quantum Materials Development with Advances in Transmission Electron Microscopy. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37979189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Quantum materials are driving a technology revolution in sensing, communication, and computing, while simultaneously testing many core theories of the past century. Materials such as topological insulators, complex oxides, superconductors, quantum dots, color center-hosting semiconductors, and other types of strongly correlated materials can exhibit exotic properties such as edge conductivity, multiferroicity, magnetoresistance, superconductivity, single photon emission, and optical-spin locking. These emergent properties arise and depend strongly on the material's detailed atomic-scale structure, including atomic defects, dopants, and lattice stacking. In this review, we describe how progress in the field of electron microscopy (EM), including in situ and in operando EM, can accelerate advances in quantum materials and quantum excitations. We begin by describing fundamental EM principles and operation modes. We then discuss various EM methods such as (i) EM spectroscopies, including electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and electron energy gain spectroscopy (EEGS); (ii) four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM); (iii) dynamic and ultrafast EM (UEM); (iv) complementary ultrafast spectroscopies (UED, XFEL); and (v) atomic electron tomography (AET). We describe how these methods could inform structure-function relations in quantum materials down to the picometer scale and femtosecond time resolution, and how they enable precision positioning of atomic defects and high-resolution manipulation of quantum materials. For each method, we also describe existing limitations to solve open quantum mechanical questions, and how they might be addressed to accelerate progress. Among numerous notable results, our review highlights how EM is enabling identification of the 3D structure of quantum defects; measuring reversible and metastable dynamics of quantum excitations; mapping exciton states and single photon emission; measuring nanoscale thermal transport and coupled excitation dynamics; and measuring the internal electric field and charge density distribution of quantum heterointerfaces- all at the quantum materials' intrinsic atomic and near atomic-length scale. We conclude by describing open challenges for the future, including achieving stable sample holders for ultralow temperature (below 10K) atomic-scale spatial resolution, stable spectrometers that enable meV energy resolution, and high-resolution, dynamic mapping of magnetic and spin fields. With atomic manipulation and ultrafast characterization enabled by EM, quantum materials will be poised to integrate into many of the sustainable and energy-efficient technologies needed for the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parivash Moradifar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jiaojian Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road MS69, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | | | - Hendrik Utzat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tim B van Driel
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road MS69, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jennifer A Dionne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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6
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Yazdani N, Bodnarchuk MI, Bertolotti F, Masciocchi N, Fureraj I, Guzelturk B, Cotts BL, Zajac M, Rainò G, Jansen M, Boehme SC, Yarema M, Lin MF, Kozina M, Reid A, Shen X, Weathersby S, Wang X, Vauthey E, Guagliardi A, Kovalenko MV, Wood V, Lindenberg AM. Coupling to octahedral tilts in halide perovskite nanocrystals induces phonon-mediated attractive interactions between excitons. Nat Phys 2023; 20:47-53. [PMID: 38261834 PMCID: PMC10791581 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-023-02253-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the origin of electron-phonon coupling in lead halide perovskites is key to interpreting and leveraging their optical and electronic properties. Here we show that photoexcitation drives a reduction of the lead-halide-lead bond angles, a result of deformation potential coupling to low-energy optical phonons. We accomplish this by performing femtosecond-resolved, optical-pump-electron-diffraction-probe measurements to quantify the lattice reorganization occurring as a result of photoexcitation in nanocrystals of FAPbBr3. Our results indicate a stronger coupling in FAPbBr3 than CsPbBr3. We attribute the enhanced coupling in FAPbBr3 to its disordered crystal structure, which persists down to cryogenic temperatures. We find the reorganizations induced by each exciton in a multi-excitonic state constructively interfere, giving rise to a coupling strength that scales quadratically with the exciton number. This superlinear scaling induces phonon-mediated attractive interactions between excitations in lead halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Yazdani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Federica Bertolotti
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia & To.Sca.Lab, Università dell’Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Norberto Masciocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia & To.Sca.Lab, Università dell’Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Ina Fureraj
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Burak Guzelturk
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL USA
| | - Benjamin L. Cotts
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT USA
| | - Marc Zajac
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL USA
| | - Gabriele Rainò
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Jansen
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simon C. Boehme
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym Yarema
- Chemistry and Materials Design Group, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ming-Fu Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Michael Kozina
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Alexander Reid
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | | | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antonietta Guagliardi
- Istituto di Cristallografia & To.Sca.Lab, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Como, Italy
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Wood
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Aaron M. Lindenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
- Department of Photon Science, Stanford University and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
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7
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Duncan CJR, Kaemingk M, Li WH, Andorf MB, Bartnik AC, Galdi A, Gordon M, Pennington CA, Bazarov IV, Zeng HJ, Liu F, Luo D, Sood A, Lindenberg AM, Tate MW, Muller DA, Thom-Levy J, Gruner SM, Maxson JM. Multi-scale time-resolved electron diffraction: A case study in moiré materials. Ultramicroscopy 2023; 253:113771. [PMID: 37301082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast-optical-pump - structural-probe measurements, including ultrafast electron and x-ray scattering, provide direct experimental access to the fundamental timescales of atomic motion, and are thus foundational techniques for studying matter out of equilibrium. High-performance detectors are needed in scattering experiments to obtain maximum scientific value from every probe particle. We deploy a hybrid pixel array direct electron detector to perform ultrafast electron diffraction experiments on a WSe2/MoSe2 2D heterobilayer, resolving the weak features of diffuse scattering and moiré superlattice structure without saturating the zero order peak. Enabled by the detector's high frame rate, we show that a chopping technique provides diffraction difference images with signal-to-noise at the shot noise limit. Finally, we demonstrate that a fast detector frame rate coupled with a high repetition rate probe can provide continuous time resolution from femtoseconds to seconds, enabling us to perform a scanning ultrafast electron diffraction experiment that maps thermal transport in WSe2/MoSe2 and resolves distinct diffusion mechanisms in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J R Duncan
- Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - M Kaemingk
- Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - W H Li
- Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - M B Andorf
- Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - A C Bartnik
- Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - A Galdi
- Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - M Gordon
- Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - C A Pennington
- Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - I V Bazarov
- Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - H J Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - F Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - D Luo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94205, USA
| | - A Sood
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - A M Lindenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M W Tate
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - D A Muller
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - J Thom-Levy
- Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - S M Gruner
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - J M Maxson
- Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
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8
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Guzelturk B, Yang T, Liu YC, Wei CC, Orenstein G, Trigo M, Zhou T, Diroll BT, Holt MV, Wen H, Chen LQ, Yang JC, Lindenberg AM. Sub-Nanosecond Reconfiguration of Ferroelectric Domains in Bismuth Ferrite. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2306029. [PMID: 37611614 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Domain switching is crucial for achieving desired functions in ferroic materials that are used in various applications. Fast control of domains at sub-nanosecond timescales remains a challenge despite its potential for high-speed operation in random-access memories, photonic, and nanoelectronic devices. Here, ultrafast laser excitation is shown to transiently melt and reconfigure ferroelectric stripe domains in multiferroic bismuth ferrite on a timescale faster than 100 picoseconds. This dynamic behavior is visualized by picosecond- and nanometer-resolved X-ray diffraction and time-resolved X-ray diffuse scattering. The disordering of stripe domains is attributed to the screening of depolarization fields by photogenerated carriers resulting in the formation of charged domain walls, as supported by phase-field simulations. Furthermore, the recovery of disordered domains exhibits subdiffusive growth on nanosecond timescales, with a non-equilibrium domain velocity reaching up to 10 m s-1 . These findings present a new approach to image and manipulate ferroelectric domains on sub-nanosecond timescales, which can be further extended into other complex photoferroic systems to modulate their electronic, optical, and magnetic properties beyond gigahertz frequencies. This approach could pave the way for high-speed ferroelectric data storage and computing, and, more broadly, defines new approaches for visualizing the non-equilibrium dynamics of heterogeneous and disordered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Guzelturk
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Tiannan Yang
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16801, USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yu-Chen Liu
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Frontiers of Research & Technology (QFort), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Wei
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Frontiers of Research & Technology (QFort), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Gal Orenstein
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Mariano Trigo
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Tao Zhou
- Nanoscience Science and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Benjamin T Diroll
- Nanoscience Science and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Martin V Holt
- Nanoscience Science and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Haidan Wen
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Jan-Chi Yang
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Frontiers of Research & Technology (QFort), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Photon Science, Stanford University and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
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9
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Taghinejad M, Xia C, Hrton M, Lee KT, Kim AS, Li Q, Guzelturk B, Kalousek R, Xu F, Cai W, Lindenberg AM, Brongersma ML. Determining hot-carrier transport dynamics from terahertz emission. Science 2023; 382:299-305. [PMID: 37856614 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj5612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the ultrafast excitation and transport dynamics of plasmon-driven hot carriers is critical to the development of optoelectronics, photochemistry, and solar-energy harvesting. However, the ultrashort time and length scales associated with the behavior of these highly out-of-equilibrium carriers have impaired experimental verification of ab initio quantum theories. Here, we present an approach to studying plasmonic hot-carrier dynamics that analyzes the temporal waveform of coherent terahertz bursts radiated by photo-ejected hot carriers from designer nano-antennas with a broken symmetry. For ballistic carriers ejected from gold antennas, we find an ~11-femtosecond timescale composed of the plasmon lifetime and ballistic transport time. Polarization- and phase-sensitive detection of terahertz fields further grant direct access to their ballistic transport trajectory. Our approach opens explorations of ultrafast carrier dynamics in optically excited nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taghinejad
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chenyi Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Martin Hrton
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic
| | - Kyu-Tae Lee
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew S Kim
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Qitong Li
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Burak Guzelturk
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Radek Kalousek
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic
| | - Fenghao Xu
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wenshan Cai
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Mark L Brongersma
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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10
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Huang Y, Teitelbaum S, Yang S, De la Peña G, Sato T, Chollet M, Zhu D, Niedziela JL, Bansal D, May AF, Lindenberg AM, Delaire O, Trigo M, Reis DA. Nonthermal Bonding Origin of a Novel Photoexcited Lattice Instability in SnSe. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:156902. [PMID: 37897786 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.156902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Lattice dynamics measurements are often crucial tools for understanding how materials transform between different structures. We report time-resolved x-ray scattering-based measurements of the nonequilibrium lattice dynamics in SnSe, a monochalcogenide reported to host a novel photoinduced lattice instability. By fitting interatomic force models to the fluence dependent excited-state dispersion, we determine the nonthermal origin of the lattice instability to be dominated by changes of interatomic interactions along a bilayer-connecting bond, rather than of an intralayer bonding network that is of primary importance to the lattice instability in thermal equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Huang
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Samuel Teitelbaum
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Shan Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Gilberto De la Peña
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Matthieu Chollet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Diling Zhu
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jennifer L Niedziela
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Dipanshu Bansal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Andrew F May
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Olivier Delaire
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Mariano Trigo
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - David A Reis
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Photon Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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11
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Shi J, Xu H, Heide C, HuangFu C, Xia C, de Quesada F, Shen H, Zhang T, Yu L, Johnson A, Liu F, Shi E, Jiao L, Heinz T, Ghimire S, Li J, Kong J, Guo Y, Lindenberg AM. Giant room-temperature nonlinearities in a monolayer Janus topological semiconductor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4953. [PMID: 37587120 PMCID: PMC10432555 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear optical materials possess wide applications, ranging from terahertz and mid-infrared detection to energy harvesting. Recently, the correlations between nonlinear optical responses and certain topological properties, such as the Berry curvature and the quantum metric tensor, have attracted considerable interest. Here, we report giant room-temperature nonlinearities in non-centrosymmetric two-dimensional topological materials-the Janus transition metal dichalcogenides in the 1 T' phase, synthesized by an advanced atomic-layer substitution method. High harmonic generation, terahertz emission spectroscopy, and second harmonic generation measurements consistently show orders-of-the-magnitude enhancement in terahertz-frequency nonlinearities in 1 T' MoSSe (e.g., > 50 times higher than 2H MoS2 for 18th order harmonic generation; > 20 times higher than 2H MoS2 for terahertz emission). We link this giant nonlinear optical response to topological band mixing and strong inversion symmetry breaking due to the Janus structure. Our work defines general protocols for designing materials with large nonlinearities and heralds the applications of topological materials in optoelectronics down to the monolayer limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojian Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Haowei Xu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Christian Heide
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Changan HuangFu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyi Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Felipe de Quesada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Hongzhi Shen
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, 310024, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Leo Yu
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Amalya Johnson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Enzheng Shi
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, 310024, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liying Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Tony Heinz
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Shambhu Ghimire
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yunfan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
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12
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Luo D, Zhang B, Sie EJ, Nyby CM, Fan Q, Shen X, Reid AH, Hoffmann MC, Weathersby S, Wen J, Qian X, Wang X, Lindenberg AM. Ultrafast Optomechanical Strain in Layered GeS. Nano Lett 2023; 23:2287-2294. [PMID: 36898060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c05048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling between light and mechanical strain forms the foundation for next-generation optical micro- and nano-electromechanical systems. Such optomechanical responses in two-dimensional materials present novel types of functionalities arising from the weak van der Waals bond between atomic layers. Here, by using structure-sensitive megaelectronvolt ultrafast electron diffraction, we report the experimental observation of optically driven ultrafast in-plane strain in the layered group IV monochalcogenide germanium sulfide (GeS). Surprisingly, the photoinduced structural deformation exhibits strain amplitudes of order 0.1% with a 10 ps fast response time and a significant in-plane anisotropy between zigzag and armchair crystallographic directions. Rather than arising due to heating, experimental and theoretical investigations suggest deformation potentials caused by electronic density redistribution and converse piezoelectric effects generated by photoinduced electric fields are the dominant contributors to the observed dynamic anisotropic strains. Our observations define new avenues for ultrafast optomechanical control and strain engineering within functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Key Laboratory of Ultra-fast Photoelectric Diagnostics Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Baiyu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Edbert J Sie
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Clara M Nyby
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Qingyuan Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Alexander H Reid
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Matthias C Hoffmann
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Stephen Weathersby
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Qian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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13
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Sood A, Haber JB, Carlström J, Peterson EA, Barre E, Georgaras JD, Reid AHM, Shen X, Zajac ME, Regan EC, Yang J, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Wang F, Wang X, Neaton JB, Heinz TF, Lindenberg AM, da Jornada FH, Raja A. Bidirectional phonon emission in two-dimensional heterostructures triggered by ultrafast charge transfer. Nat Nanotechnol 2023; 18:29-35. [PMID: 36543882 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01253-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced charge transfer in van der Waals heterostructures occurs on the 100 fs timescale despite weak interlayer coupling and momentum mismatch. However, little is understood about the microscopic mechanism behind this ultrafast process and the role of the lattice in mediating it. Here, using femtosecond electron diffraction, we directly visualize lattice dynamics in photoexcited heterostructures of WSe2/WS2 monolayers. Following the selective excitation of WSe2, we measure the concurrent heating of both WSe2 and WS2 on a picosecond timescale-an observation that is not explained by phonon transport across the interface. Using first-principles calculations, we identify a fast channel involving an electronic state hybridized across the heterostructure, enabling phonon-assisted interlayer transfer of photoexcited electrons. Phonons are emitted in both layers on the femtosecond timescale via this channel, consistent with the simultaneous lattice heating observed experimentally. Taken together, our work indicates strong electron-phonon coupling via layer-hybridized electronic states-a novel route to control energy transport across atomic junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Sood
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Jonah B Haber
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth A Peterson
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Elyse Barre
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Johnathan D Georgaras
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Marc E Zajac
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Emma C Regan
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Graduate Group in Applied Science and Technology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jie Yang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Neaton
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tony F Heinz
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Felipe H da Jornada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Archana Raja
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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14
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Park S, Wang B, Yang T, Kim J, Saremi S, Zhao W, Guzelturk B, Sood A, Nyby C, Zajac M, Shen X, Kozina M, Reid AH, Weathersby S, Wang X, Martin LW, Chen LQ, Lindenberg AM. Light-Driven Ultrafast Polarization Manipulation in a Relaxor Ferroelectric. Nano Lett 2022; 22:9275-9282. [PMID: 36450036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Relaxor ferroelectrics have been intensely studied for decades based on their unique electromechanical responses which arise from local structural heterogeneity involving polar nanoregions or domains. Here, we report first studies of the ultrafast dynamics and reconfigurability of the polarization in freestanding films of the prototypical relaxor 0.68PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-0.32PbTiO3 (PMN-0.32PT) by probing its atomic-scale response via femtosecond-resolution, electron-scattering approaches. By combining these structural measurements with dynamic phase-field simulations, we show that femtosecond light pulses drive a change in both the magnitude and direction of the polarization vector within polar nanodomains on few-picosecond time scales. This study defines new opportunities for dynamic reconfigurable control of the polarization in nanoscale relaxor ferroelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Park
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States
| | - Tiannan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Sahar Saremi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Burak Guzelturk
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
| | - Aditya Sood
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
| | - Clara Nyby
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
| | - Marc Zajac
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
| | - Michael Kozina
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
| | - Alexander H Reid
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
| | - Stephen Weathersby
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
| | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
| | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
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15
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Shi J, Yoo D, Vidal-Codina F, Baik CW, Cho KS, Nguyen NC, Utzat H, Han J, Lindenberg AM, Bulović V, Bawendi MG, Peraire J, Oh SH, Nelson KA. A room-temperature polarization-sensitive CMOS terahertz camera based on quantum-dot-enhanced terahertz-to-visible photon upconversion. Nat Nanotechnol 2022; 17:1288-1293. [PMID: 36329270 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Detection of terahertz (THz) radiation has many potential applications, but presently available detectors are limited in many aspects of their performance, including sensitivity, speed, bandwidth and operating temperature. Most do not allow the characterization of THz polarization states. Recent observation of THz-driven luminescence in quantum dots offers a possible detection mechanism via field-driven interdot charge transfer. We demonstrate a room-temperature complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor THz camera and polarimeter based on quantum-dot-enhanced THz-to-visible upconversion mechanism with optimized luminophore geometries and fabrication designs. Besides broadband and fast responses, the nanoslit-based sensor can detect THz pulses with peak fields as low as 10 kV cm-1. A related coaxial nanoaperture-type device shows a to-date-unexplored capability to simultaneously record the THz polarization state and field strength with similar sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojian Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daehan Yoo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ferran Vidal-Codina
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chan-Wook Baik
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sang Cho
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngoc-Cuong Nguyen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hendrik Utzat
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jinchi Han
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Photon Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vladimir Bulović
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jaime Peraire
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Keith A Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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16
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Padmanabhan H, Stoica VA, Kim PK, Poore M, Yang T, Shen X, Reid AH, Lin MF, Park S, Yang J, Wang HH, Koocher NZ, Puggioni D, Georgescu AB, Min L, Lee SH, Mao Z, Rondinelli JM, Lindenberg AM, Chen LQ, Wang X, Averitt RD, Freeland JW, Gopalan V. Large Exchange Coupling Between Localized Spins and Topological Bands in MnBi 2 Te 4. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2202841. [PMID: 36189841 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Magnetism in topological materials creates phases exhibiting quantized transport phenomena with potential technological applications. The emergence of such phases relies on strong interaction between localized spins and the topological bands, and the consequent formation of an exchange gap. However, this remains experimentally unquantified in intrinsic magnetic topological materials. Here, this interaction is quantified in MnBi2 Te4 , a topological insulator with intrinsic antiferromagnetism. This is achieved by optically exciting Bi-Te p states comprising the bulk topological bands and interrogating the consequent Mn 3d spin dynamics, using a multimodal ultrafast approach. Ultrafast electron scattering and magneto-optic measurements show that the p states demagnetize via electron-phonon scattering at picosecond timescales. Despite being energetically decoupled from the optical excitation, the Mn 3d spins, probed by resonant X-ray scattering, are observed to disorder concurrently with the p spins. Together with atomistic simulations, this reveals that the exchange coupling between localized spins and the topological bands is at least 100 times larger than the superexchange interaction, implying an optimal exchange gap of at least 25 meV in the surface states. By quantifying this exchange coupling, this study validates the materials-by-design strategy of utilizing localized magnetic order to manipulate topological phases, spanning static to ultrafast timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Padmanabhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Vladimir A Stoica
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Peter K Kim
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Maxwell Poore
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tiannan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Alexander H Reid
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Ming-Fu Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Suji Park
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Jie Yang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Huaiyu Hugo Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Nathan Z Koocher
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Danilo Puggioni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Alexandru B Georgescu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Lujin Min
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Seng Huat Lee
- 2D Crystal Consortium, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Mao
- 2D Crystal Consortium, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - James M Rondinelli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Richard D Averitt
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - John W Freeland
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Venkatraman Gopalan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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17
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Cuthriell SA, Panuganti S, Laing CC, Quintero MA, Guzelturk B, Yazdani N, Traore B, Brumberg A, Malliakas CD, Lindenberg AM, Wood V, Katan C, Even J, Zhang X, Kanatzidis MG, Schaller RD. Nonequilibrium Lattice Dynamics in Photoexcited 2D Perovskites. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2202709. [PMID: 36062547 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Interplay between structural and photophysical properties of metal halide perovskites is critical to their utility in optoelectronics, but there is limited understanding of lattice response upon photoexcitation. Here, 2D perovskites butylammonium lead iodide, (BA)2 PbI4 , and phenethylammonium lead iodide, (PEA)2 PbI4 , are investigated using ultrafast transient X-ray diffraction as a function of optical excitation fluence to discern structural dynamics. Both powder X-ray diffraction and time-resolved photoluminescence linewidths narrow over 1 ns following optical excitation for the fluence range studied, concurrent with slight redshifting of the optical bandgaps. These observations are attributed to transient relaxation and ordering of distorted lead iodide octahedra stimulated mainly by electron-hole pair creation. The c axis expands up to 0.37% over hundreds of picoseconds; reflections sampling the a and b axes undergo one tenth of this expansion with the same timescale. Post-photoexcitation appearance of the (110) reflection in (BA)2 PbI4 would suggest a transient phase transition, however, through new single-crystal XRD, reflections are found that violate glide plane conditions in the reported Pbca structure. The static structure space group is reassigned as P21 21 21 . With this, a nonequilibrium phase transition is ruled out. These findings offer increased understanding of remarkable lattice response in 2D perovskites upon excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby A Cuthriell
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 N. Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Shobhana Panuganti
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 N. Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Craig C Laing
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 N. Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Michael A Quintero
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 N. Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Burak Guzelturk
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Nuri Yazdani
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Boubacar Traore
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Alexandra Brumberg
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 N. Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Christos D Malliakas
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 N. Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Vanessa Wood
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Claudine Katan
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Jacky Even
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 N. Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 N. Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
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18
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Poletayev AD, Dawson JA, Islam MS, Lindenberg AM. Defect-driven anomalous transport in fast-ion conducting solid electrolytes. Nat Mater 2022; 21:1066-1073. [PMID: 35902748 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01316-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state ionic conduction is a key enabler of electrochemical energy storage and conversion. The mechanistic connections between material processing, defect chemistry, transport dynamics and practical performance are of considerable importance but remain incomplete. Here, inspired by studies of fluids and biophysical systems, we re-examine anomalous diffusion in the iconic two-dimensional fast-ion conductors, the β- and β″-aluminas. Using large-scale simulations, we reproduce the frequency dependence of alternating-current ionic conductivity data. We show how the distribution of charge-compensating defects, modulated by processing, drives static and dynamic disorder and leads to persistent subdiffusive ion transport at macroscopic timescales. We deconvolute the effects of repulsions between mobile ions, the attraction between the mobile ions and charge-compensating defects, and geometric crowding on ionic conductivity. Finally, our characterization of memory effects in transport connects atomistic defect chemistry to macroscopic performance with minimal assumptions and enables mechanism-driven 'atoms-to-device' optimization of fast-ion conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey D Poletayev
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - James A Dawson
- Chemistry - School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Centre for Energy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - M Saiful Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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19
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Luo D, Tang J, Shen X, Ji F, Yang J, Weathersby S, Kozina ME, Chen Z, Xiao J, Ye Y, Cao T, Zhang G, Wang X, Lindenberg AM. Twist-Angle-Dependent Ultrafast Charge Transfer in MoS 2-Graphene van der Waals Heterostructures. Nano Lett 2021; 21:8051-8057. [PMID: 34529439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vertically stacked transition metal dichalcogenide-graphene heterostructures provide a platform for novel optoelectronic applications with high photoresponse speeds. Photoinduced nonequilibrium carrier and lattice dynamics in such heterostructures underlie these applications but have not been understood. In particular, the dependence of these photoresponses on the twist angle, a key tuning parameter, remains elusive. Here, using ultrafast electron diffraction, we report the simultaneous visualization of charge transfer and electron-phonon coupling in MoS2-graphene heterostructures with different stacking configurations. We find that the charge transfer timescale from MoS2 to graphene varies strongly with twist angle, becoming faster for smaller twist angles, and show that the relaxation timescale is significantly shorter in a heterostructure as compared to a monolayer. These findings illustrate that twist angle constitutes an additional tuning knob for interlayer charge transfer in heterobilayers and deepen our understanding of fundamental photophysical processes in heterostructures, of importance for future applications in optoelectronics and light harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jian Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Fuhao Ji
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jie Yang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Stephen Weathersby
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Michael E Kozina
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Zhijiang Chen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Yusen Ye
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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20
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Huang W, Johnston-Peck AC, Wolter T, Yang WCD, Xu L, Oh J, Reeves BA, Zhou C, Holtz ME, Herzing AA, Lindenberg AM, Mavrikakis M, Cargnello M. Steam-created grain boundaries for methane C-H activation in palladium catalysts. Science 2021; 373:1518-1523. [PMID: 34554810 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj5291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aaron C Johnston-Peck
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Trenton Wolter
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Wei-Chang D Yang
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Lang Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jinwon Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Benjamin A Reeves
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chengshuang Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Megan E Holtz
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Andrew A Herzing
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Manos Mavrikakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Matteo Cargnello
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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21
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Muscher PK, Rehn DA, Sood A, Lim K, Luo D, Shen X, Zajac M, Lu F, Mehta A, Li Y, Wang X, Reed EJ, Chueh WC, Lindenberg AM. Highly Efficient Uniaxial In-Plane Stretching of a 2D Material via Ion Insertion. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2101875. [PMID: 34331368 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
On-chip dynamic strain engineering requires efficient micro-actuators that can generate large in-plane strains. Inorganic electrochemical actuators are unique in that they are driven by low voltages (≈1 V) and produce considerable strains (≈1%). However, actuation speed and efficiency are limited by mass transport of ions. Minimizing the number of ions required to actuate is thus key to enabling useful "straintronic" devices. Here, it is shown that the electrochemical intercalation of exceptionally few lithium ions into WTe2 causes large anisotropic in-plane strain: 5% in one in-plane direction and 0.1% in the other. This efficient stretching of the 2D WTe2 layers contrasts to intercalation-induced strains in related materials which are predominantly in the out-of-plane direction. The unusual actuation of Lix WTe2 is linked to the formation of a newly discovered crystallographic phase, referred to as Td', with an exotic atomic arrangement. On-chip low-voltage (<0.2 V) control is demonstrated over the transition to the novel phase and its composition. Within the Td'-Li0.5- δ WTe2 phase, a uniaxial in-plane strain of 1.4% is achieved with a change of δ of only 0.075. This makes the in-plane chemical expansion coefficient of Td'-Li0.5-δ WTe2 far greater than of any other single-phase material, enabling fast and efficient planar electrochemical actuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp K Muscher
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials & Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Daniel A Rehn
- Computational Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Aditya Sood
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials & Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Kipil Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Duan Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials & Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Marc Zajac
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Feiyu Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Apurva Mehta
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Yiyang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials & Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Evan J Reed
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - William C Chueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials & Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials & Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
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22
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Sood A, Shen X, Shi Y, Kumar S, Park SJ, Zajac M, Sun Y, Chen LQ, Ramanathan S, Wang X, Chueh WC, Lindenberg AM. Universal phase dynamics in VO 2 switches revealed by ultrafast operando diffraction. Science 2021; 373:352-355. [PMID: 34437156 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc0652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the pathways and time scales underlying electrically driven insulator-metal transitions is crucial for uncovering the fundamental limits of device operation. Using stroboscopic electron diffraction, we perform synchronized time-resolved measurements of atomic motions and electronic transport in operating vanadium dioxide (VO2) switches. We discover an electrically triggered, isostructural state that forms transiently on microsecond time scales, which is shown by phase-field simulations to be stabilized by local heterogeneities and interfacial interactions between the equilibrium phases. This metastable phase is similar to that formed under photoexcitation within picoseconds, suggesting a universal transformation pathway. Our results establish electrical excitation as a route for uncovering nonequilibrium and metastable phases in correlated materials, opening avenues for engineering dynamical behavior in nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Sood
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Yin Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Suhas Kumar
- Hewlett Packard Labs, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Su Ji Park
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Marc Zajac
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yifei Sun
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Shriram Ramanathan
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - William C Chueh
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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23
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Guzelturk B, Winkler T, Van de Goor TWJ, Smith MD, Bourelle SA, Feldmann S, Trigo M, Teitelbaum SW, Steinrück HG, de la Pena GA, Alonso-Mori R, Zhu D, Sato T, Karunadasa HI, Toney MF, Deschler F, Lindenberg AM. Visualization of dynamic polaronic strain fields in hybrid lead halide perovskites. Nat Mater 2021; 20:618-623. [PMID: 33398119 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-00865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Excitation localization involving dynamic nanoscale distortions is a central aspect of photocatalysis1, quantum materials2 and molecular optoelectronics3. Experimental characterization of such distortions requires techniques sensitive to the formation of point-defect-like local structural rearrangements in real time. Here, we visualize excitation-induced strain fields in a prototypical member of the lead halide perovskites4 via femtosecond resolution diffuse X-ray scattering measurements. This enables momentum-resolved phonon spectroscopy of the locally distorted structure and reveals radially expanding nanometre-scale strain fields associated with the formation and relaxation of polarons in photoexcited perovskites. Quantitative estimates of the magnitude and shape of this polaronic distortion are obtained, providing direct insights into the dynamic structural distortions that occur in these materials5-9. Optical pump-probe reflection spectroscopy corroborates these results and shows how these large polaronic distortions transiently modify the carrier effective mass, providing a unified picture of the coupled structural and electronic dynamics that underlie the optoelectronic functionality of the hybrid perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Guzelturk
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Thomas Winkler
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Matthew D Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sean A Bourelle
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sascha Feldmann
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mariano Trigo
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Samuel W Teitelbaum
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Hans-Georg Steinrück
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Gilberto A de la Pena
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Diling Zhu
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Hemamala I Karunadasa
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael F Toney
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Felix Deschler
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Walter Schottky Institute, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
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24
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Utterback JK, Sood A, Coropceanu I, Guzelturk B, Talapin DV, Lindenberg AM, Ginsberg NS. Nanoscale Disorder Generates Subdiffusive Heat Transport in Self-Assembled Nanocrystal Films. Nano Lett 2021; 21:3540-3547. [PMID: 33872014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the impact of nanoscale heterogeneity on heat transport requires a spatiotemporal probe of temperature on the length and time scales intrinsic to heat navigating nanoscale defects. Here, we use stroboscopic optical scattering microscopy to visualize nanoscale heat transport in disordered films of gold nanocrystals. We find that heat transport appears subdiffusive at the nanoscale. Finite element simulations show that tortuosity of the heat flow underlies the subdiffusive transport, owing to a distribution of nonconductive voids. Thus, while heat travels diffusively through contiguous regions of the film, the tortuosity causes heat to navigate circuitous pathways that make the observed mean-squared expansion of an initially localized temperature distribution appear subdiffusive on length scales comparable to the voids. Our approach should be broadly applicable to uncover the impact of both designed and unintended heterogeneities in a wide range of materials and devices that can affect more commonly used spatially averaged thermal transport measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K Utterback
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Aditya Sood
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Igor Coropceanu
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Burak Guzelturk
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- The PULSE Institute for Ultrafast Energy Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Photon Science, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Naomi S Ginsberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- STROBE, National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Science Division and Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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25
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Britz A, Attar AR, Zhang X, Chang HT, Nyby C, Krishnamoorthy A, Park SH, Kwon S, Kim M, Nordlund D, Sainio S, Heinz TF, Leone SR, Lindenberg AM, Nakano A, Ajayan P, Vashishta P, Fritz D, Lin MF, Bergmann U. Carrier-specific dynamics in 2H-MoTe 2 observed by femtosecond soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy using an x-ray free-electron laser. Struct Dyn 2021; 8:014501. [PMID: 33511247 PMCID: PMC7808761 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond carrier dynamics in layered 2H-MoTe2 semiconductor crystals have been investigated using soft x-ray transient absorption spectroscopy at the x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory. Following above-bandgap optical excitation of 2H-MoTe2, the photoexcited hole distribution is directly probed via short-lived transitions from the Te 3d 5/2 core level (M5-edge, 572-577 eV) to transiently unoccupied states in the valence band. The optically excited electrons are separately probed via the reduced absorption probability at the Te M5-edge involving partially occupied states of the conduction band. A 400 ± 110 fs delay is observed between this transient electron signal near the conduction band minimum compared to higher-lying states within the conduction band, which we assign to hot electron relaxation. Additionally, the transient absorption signals below and above the Te M5 edge, assigned to photoexcited holes and electrons, respectively, are observed to decay concomitantly on a 1-2 ps timescale, which is interpreted as electron-hole recombination. The present work provides a benchmark for applications of XFELs for soft x-ray absorption studies of carrier-specific dynamics in semiconductors, and future opportunities enabled by this method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Hung-Tzu Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - Aravind Krishnamoorthy
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Sang Han Park
- PAL-XFEL, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, 80 Jigokro-127-beongil, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Soonnam Kwon
- PAL-XFEL, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, 80 Jigokro-127-beongil, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Minseok Kim
- PAL-XFEL, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, 80 Jigokro-127-beongil, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Sami Sainio
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | | | | | - Aiichiro Nakano
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Pulickel Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Priya Vashishta
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - David Fritz
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ming-Fu Lin
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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26
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Piveteau L, Aebli M, Yazdani N, Millen M, Korosec L, Krieg F, Benin BM, Morad V, Piveteau C, Shiroka T, Comas-Vives A, Copéret C, Lindenberg AM, Wood V, Verel R, Kovalenko MV. Bulk and Nanocrystalline Cesium Lead-Halide Perovskites as Seen by Halide Magnetic Resonance. ACS Cent Sci 2020; 6:1138-1149. [PMID: 32724848 PMCID: PMC7379391 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Lead-halide perovskites increasingly mesmerize researchers because they exhibit a high degree of structural defects and dynamics yet nonetheless offer an outstanding (opto)electronic performance on par with the best examples of structurally stable and defect-free semiconductors. This highly unusual feature necessitates the adoption of an experimental and theoretical mindset and the reexamination of techniques that may be uniquely suited to understand these materials. Surprisingly, the suite of methods for the structural characterization of these materials does not commonly include nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The present study showcases both the utility and versatility of halide NMR and NQR (nuclear quadrupole resonance) for probing the structure and structural dynamics of CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I), in both bulk and nanocrystalline forms. The strong quadrupole couplings, which originate from the interaction between the large quadrupole moments of, e.g., the 35Cl, 79Br, and 127I nuclei, and the local electric-field gradients, are highly sensitive to subtle structural variations, both static and dynamic. The quadrupole interaction can resolve structural changes with accuracies commensurate with synchrotron X-ray diffraction and scattering. It is shown that space-averaged site-disorder is greatly enhanced in the nanocrystals compared to the bulk, while the dynamics of nuclear spin relaxation indicates enhanced structural dynamics in the nanocrystals. The findings from NMR and NQR were corroborated by ab initio molecular dynamics, which point to the role of the surface in causing the radial strain distribution and disorder. These findings showcase a great synergy between solid-state NMR or NQR and molecular dynamics simulations in shedding light on the structure of soft lead-halide semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Piveteau
- Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials
Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Aebli
- Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials
Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Nuri Yazdani
- Department
of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Marthe Millen
- Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Korosec
- Department of Physics, ETH
Zürich, Otto Stern Weg 1, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Krieg
- Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials
Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan M. Benin
- Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials
Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Viktoriia Morad
- Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials
Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Piveteau
- Department of Physics, ETH
Zürich, Otto Stern Weg 1, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Toni Shiroka
- Department of Physics, ETH
Zürich, Otto Stern Weg 1, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer
Institute, Villigen PSI CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Aleix Comas-Vives
- Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Aaron M. Lindenberg
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Vanessa Wood
- Department
of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - René Verel
- Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials
Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
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27
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Guzelturk B, Utterback JK, Coropceanu I, Kamysbayev V, Janke EM, Zajac M, Yazdani N, Cotts BL, Park S, Sood A, Lin MF, Reid AH, Kozina ME, Shen X, Weathersby SP, Wood V, Salleo A, Wang X, Talapin DV, Ginsberg NS, Lindenberg AM. Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Colloidal Gold Nanocrystals Monitored by Ultrafast Electron Diffraction and Optical Scattering Microscopy. ACS Nano 2020; 14:4792-4804. [PMID: 32208676 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanocrystals exhibit important optoelectronic and photocatalytic functionalities in response to light. These dynamic energy conversion processes have been commonly studied by transient optical probes to date, but an understanding of the atomistic response following photoexcitation has remained elusive. Here, we use femtosecond resolution electron diffraction to investigate transient lattice responses in optically excited colloidal gold nanocrystals, revealing the effects of nanocrystal size and surface ligands on the electron-phonon coupling and thermal relaxation dynamics. First, we uncover a strong size effect on the electron-phonon coupling, which arises from reduced dielectric screening at the nanocrystal surfaces and prevails independent of the optical excitation mechanism (i.e., inter- and intraband). Second, we find that surface ligands act as a tuning parameter for hot carrier cooling. Particularly, gold nanocrystals with thiol-based ligands show significantly slower carrier cooling as compared to amine-based ligands under intraband optical excitation due to electronic coupling at the nanocrystal/ligand interfaces. Finally, we spatiotemporally resolve thermal transport and heat dissipation in photoexcited nanocrystal films by combining electron diffraction with stroboscopic elastic scattering microscopy. Taken together, we resolve the distinct thermal relaxation time scales ranging from 1 ps to 100 ns associated with the multiple interfaces through which heat flows at the nanoscale. Our findings provide insights into optimization of gold nanocrystals and their thin films for photocatalysis and thermoelectric applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Guzelturk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025 United States
| | - James K Utterback
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Igor Coropceanu
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Vladislav Kamysbayev
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Eric M Janke
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Marc Zajac
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Nuri Yazdani
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025 United States
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin L Cotts
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Suji Park
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025 United States
| | - Aditya Sood
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025 United States
| | - Ming-Fu Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Alexander H Reid
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Michael E Kozina
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Stephen P Weathersby
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Vanessa Wood
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Naomi S Ginsberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025 United States
- The PULSE Institute for Ultrafast Energy Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Photon Science, Stanford University and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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28
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Guzelturk B, Mei AB, Zhang L, Tan LZ, Donahue P, Singh AG, Schlom DG, Martin LW, Lindenberg AM. Light-Induced Currents at Domain Walls in Multiferroic BiFeO 3. Nano Lett 2020; 20:145-151. [PMID: 31746607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiferroic BiFeO3 (BFO) films with spontaneously formed periodic stripe domains can generate above-gap open circuit voltages under visible light illumination; nevertheless the underlying mechanism behind this intriguing optoelectronic response has not been understood to date. Here, we make contact-free measurements of light-induced currents in epitaxial BFO films via detecting terahertz radiation emanated by these currents, enabling a direct probe of the intrinsic charge separation mechanisms along with quantitative measurements of the current amplitudes and their directions. In the periodic stripe samples, we find that the net photocurrent is dominated by the charge separation across the domain walls, whereas in the monodomain samples the photovoltaic response arises from a bulk shift current associated with the non-centrosymmetry of the crystal. The peak current amplitude driven by the charge separation at the domain walls is found to be 2 orders of magnitude higher than the bulk shift current response, indicating the prominent role of domain walls acting as nanoscale junctions to efficiently separate photogenerated charges in the stripe domain BFO films. These findings show that domain-wall-engineered BFO thin films offer exciting prospects for ferroelectric-based optoelectronics, as well as bias-free strong terahertz emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Guzelturk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Antonio B Mei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | | | - Patrick Donahue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Anisha G Singh
- Department of Applied Physics , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Darrell G Schlom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
- The PULSE Institute for Ultrafast Energy Science , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
- Department of Photon Science , Stanford University and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
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29
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Zalden P, Quirin F, Schumacher M, Siegel J, Wei S, Koc A, Nicoul M, Trigo M, Andreasson P, Enquist H, Shu MJ, Pardini T, Chollet M, Zhu D, Lemke H, Ronneberger I, Larsson J, Lindenberg AM, Fischer HE, Hau-Riege S, Reis DA, Mazzarello R, Wuttig M, Sokolowski-Tinten K. Femtosecond x-ray diffraction reveals a liquid–liquid phase transition in phase-change materials. Science 2019; 364:1062-1067. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw1773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Zalden
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Florian Quirin
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Schumacher
- Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, JARA-FIT and JARA-HPC, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Jan Siegel
- Instituto de Optica, CSIC, C/Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Shuai Wei
- I. Physikalisches Institut and JARA-FIT, RWTH Aachen, Sommerfeldstrasse 14, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Azize Koc
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Matthieu Nicoul
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Mariano Trigo
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Pererik Andreasson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Professorsgatan 1, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Enquist
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Professorsgatan 1, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael J. Shu
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tommaso Pardini
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Matthieu Chollet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Diling Zhu
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Henrik Lemke
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Ider Ronneberger
- Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, JARA-FIT and JARA-HPC, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Jörgen Larsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Professorsgatan 1, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Aaron M. Lindenberg
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Henry E. Fischer
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Stefan Hau-Riege
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - David A. Reis
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Riccardo Mazzarello
- Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, JARA-FIT and JARA-HPC, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Matthias Wuttig
- I. Physikalisches Institut and JARA-FIT, RWTH Aachen, Sommerfeldstrasse 14, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- PGI 10 (Green IT), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Klaus Sokolowski-Tinten
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
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30
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Ma EY, Guzelturk B, Li G, Cao L, Shen ZX, Lindenberg AM, Heinz TF. Recording interfacial currents on the subnanometer length and femtosecond time scale by terahertz emission. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaau0073. [PMID: 30783622 PMCID: PMC6368434 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Electron dynamics at interfaces is a subject of great scientific interest and technological importance. Detailed understanding of such dynamics requires access to the angstrom length scale defining interfaces and the femtosecond time scale characterizing interfacial motion of electrons. In this context, the most precise and general way to remotely measure charge dynamics is through the transient current flow and the associated electromagnetic radiation. Here, we present quantitative measurements of interfacial currents on the subnanometer length and femtosecond time scale by recording the emitted terahertz radiation following ultrafast laser excitation. We apply this method to interlayer charge transfer in heterostructures of two transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers less than 0.7 nm apart. We find that charge relaxation and separation occur in less than 100 fs. This approach allows us to unambiguously determine the direction of current flow, to demonstrate a charge transfer efficiency of order unity, and to characterize saturation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Yue Ma
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Burak Guzelturk
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Guoqing Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Linyou Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Zhi-Xun Shen
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Aaron M. Lindenberg
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tony F. Heinz
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Corresponding author.
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31
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Guzelturk B, Belisle RA, Smith MD, Bruening K, Prasanna R, Yuan Y, Gopalan V, Tassone CJ, Karunadasa HI, McGehee MD, Lindenberg AM. Terahertz Emission from Hybrid Perovskites Driven by Ultrafast Charge Separation and Strong Electron-Phonon Coupling. Adv Mater 2018; 30. [PMID: 29359820 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Unusual photophysical properties of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have not only enabled exceptional performance in optoelectronic devices, but also led to debates on the nature of charge carriers in these materials. This study makes the first observation of intense terahertz (THz) emission from the hybrid perovskite methylammonium lead iodide (CH3 NH3 PbI3 ) following photoexcitation, enabling an ultrafast probe of charge separation, hot-carrier transport, and carrier-lattice coupling under 1-sun-equivalent illumination conditions. Using this approach, the initial charge separation/transport in the hybrid perovskites is shown to be driven by diffusion and not by surface fields or intrinsic ferroelectricity. Diffusivities of the hot and band-edge carriers along the surface normal direction are calculated by analyzing the emitted THz transients, with direct implications for hot-carrier device applications. Furthermore, photogenerated carriers are found to drive coherent terahertz-frequency lattice distortions, associated with reorganizations of the lead-iodide octahedra as well as coupled vibrations of the organic and inorganic sublattices. This strong and coherent carrier-lattice coupling is resolved on femtosecond timescales and found to be important both for resonant and far-above-gap photoexcitation. This study indicates that ultrafast lattice distortions play a key role in the initial processes associated with charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Guzelturk
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Rebecca A Belisle
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Matthew D Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Karsten Bruening
- SSRL Materials Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Rohit Prasanna
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yakun Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Venkatraman Gopalan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Christopher J Tassone
- SSRL Materials Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | - Michael D McGehee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Photon Science, Stanford University and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
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32
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Qi Y, Liu S, Lindenberg AM, Rappe AM. Ultrafast Electric Field Pulse Control of Giant Temperature Change in Ferroelectrics. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:055901. [PMID: 29481168 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.055901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a surge of interest in developing environmentally friendly solid-state-based cooling technology. Here, we point out that a fast cooling rate (≈10^{11} K/s) can be achieved by driving solid crystals to a high-temperature phase with a properly designed electric field pulse. Specifically, we predict that an ultrafast electric field pulse can cause a giant temperature decrease up to 32 K in PbTiO_{3} occurring on few picosecond time scales. We explain the underlying physics of this giant electric field pulse-induced temperature change with the concept of internal energy redistribution: the electric field does work on a ferroelectric crystal and redistributes its internal energy, and the way the kinetic energy is redistributed determines the temperature change and strongly depends on the electric field temporal profile. This concept is supported by our all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of PbTiO_{3} and BaTiO_{3}. Moreover, this internal energy redistribution concept can also be applied to understand electrocaloric effect. We further propose new strategies for inducing giant cooling effect with ultrafast electric field pulse. This Letter offers a general framework to understand electric-field-induced temperature change and highlights the opportunities of electric field engineering for controlled design of fast and efficient cooling technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Qi
- Department of Chemistry, The Makineni Theoretical Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
| | - S Liu
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, D.C. 20015, USA
| | - A M Lindenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, The Makineni Theoretical Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
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33
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Mannebach EM, Nyby C, Ernst F, Zhou Y, Tolsma J, Li Y, Sher MJ, Tung IC, Zhou H, Zhang Q, Seyler KL, Clark G, Lin Y, Zhu D, Glownia JM, Kozina ME, Song S, Nelson S, Mehta A, Yu Y, Pant A, Aslan B, Raja A, Guo Y, DiChiara A, Mao W, Cao L, Tongay S, Sun J, Singh DJ, Heinz TF, Xu X, MacDonald AH, Reed E, Wen H, Lindenberg AM. Dynamic Optical Tuning of Interlayer Interactions in the Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. Nano Lett 2017; 17:7761-7766. [PMID: 29119791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of weak interlayer interactions between quasi-two-dimensional atomic planes in the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) provides avenues for tuning their functional properties. Here we show that above-gap optical excitation in the TMDCs leads to an unexpected large-amplitude, ultrafast compressive force between the two-dimensional layers, as probed by in situ measurements of the atomic layer spacing at femtosecond time resolution. We show that this compressive response arises from a dynamic modulation of the interlayer van der Waals interaction and that this represents the dominant light-induced stress at low excitation densities. A simple analytic model predicts the magnitude and carrier density dependence of the measured strains. This work establishes a new method for dynamic, nonequilibrium tuning of correlation-driven dispersive interactions and of the optomechanical functionality of TMDC quasi-two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehren M Mannebach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Clara Nyby
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Friederike Ernst
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Yao Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - John Tolsma
- Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Meng-Ju Sher
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Physics, Wesleyan University , Middleton, Connecticut 06459, United States
| | - I-Cheng Tung
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Hua Zhou
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Qi Zhang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Kyle L Seyler
- Department of Physics, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Genevieve Clark
- Department of Physics, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yu Lin
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Diling Zhu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - James M Glownia
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Michael E Kozina
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Sanghoon Song
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Silke Nelson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Apurva Mehta
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Yifei Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Anupum Pant
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Burak Aslan
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Archana Raja
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Yinsheng Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Anthony DiChiara
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Wendy Mao
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Linyou Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Jifeng Sun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65211-7010, United States
| | - David J Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65211-7010, United States
| | - Tony F Heinz
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Allan H MacDonald
- Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Evan Reed
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Haidan Wen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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34
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Wu X, Tan LZ, Shen X, Hu T, Miyata K, Trinh MT, Li R, Coffee R, Liu S, Egger DA, Makasyuk I, Zheng Q, Fry A, Robinson JS, Smith MD, Guzelturk B, Karunadasa HI, Wang X, Zhu X, Kronik L, Rappe AM, Lindenberg AM. Light-induced picosecond rotational disordering of the inorganic sublattice in hybrid perovskites. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1602388. [PMID: 28782016 PMCID: PMC5529057 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond resolution electron scattering techniques are applied to resolve the first atomic-scale steps following absorption of a photon in the prototypical hybrid perovskite methylammonium lead iodide. Following above-gap photoexcitation, we directly resolve the transfer of energy from hot carriers to the lattice by recording changes in the mean square atomic displacements on 10-ps time scales. Measurements of the time-dependent pair distribution function show an unexpected broadening of the iodine-iodine correlation function while preserving the Pb-I distance. This indicates the formation of a rotationally disordered halide octahedral structure developing on picosecond time scales. This work shows the important role of light-induced structural deformations within the inorganic sublattice in elucidating the unique optoelectronic functionality exhibited by hybrid perovskites and provides new understanding of hot carrier-lattice interactions, which fundamentally determine solar cell efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Wu
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Liang Z. Tan
- The Makineni Theoretical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104–6323, USA
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Te Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kiyoshi Miyata
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - M. Tuan Trinh
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Renkai Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Ryan Coffee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Shi Liu
- Extreme Materials Initiative, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - David A. Egger
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| | - Igor Makasyuk
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Qiang Zheng
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Alan Fry
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Matthew D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Burak Guzelturk
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| | - Andrew M. Rappe
- The Makineni Theoretical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104–6323, USA
| | - Aaron M. Lindenberg
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Corresponding author.
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35
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Smith MD, Jaffe A, Dohner ER, Lindenberg AM, Karunadasa HI. Structural origins of broadband emission from layered Pb-Br hybrid perovskites. Chem Sci 2017; 8:4497-4504. [PMID: 28970879 PMCID: PMC5618335 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01590a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Through structural and optical studies of a series of two-dimensional hybrid perovskites, we show that broadband emission upon near-ultraviolet excitation is common to (001) lead-bromide perovskites. Importantly, we find that the relative intensity of the broad emission correlates with increasing out-of-plane distortion of the Pb-(μ-Br)-Pb angle in the inorganic sheets. Temperature- and power-dependent photoluminescence data obtained on a representative (001) perovskite support an intrinsic origin to the broad emission from the bulk material, where photogenerated carriers cause excited-state lattice distortions mediated through electron-lattice coupling. In contrast, most inorganic phosphors contain extrinsic emissive dopants or emissive surface sites. The design rules established here could allow us to systematically optimize white-light emission from layered hybrid perovskites by fine-tuning the bulk crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Smith
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , USA .
| | - Adam Jaffe
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , USA .
| | - Emma R Dohner
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , USA .
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , USA
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36
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Rhodes D, Chenet DA, Janicek BE, Nyby C, Lin Y, Jin W, Edelberg D, Mannebach E, Finney N, Antony A, Schiros T, Klarr T, Mazzoni A, Chin M, Chiu YC, Zheng W, Zhang QR, Ernst F, Dadap JI, Tong X, Ma J, Lou R, Wang S, Qian T, Ding H, Osgood RM, Paley DW, Lindenberg AM, Huang PY, Pasupathy AN, Dubey M, Hone J, Balicas L. Engineering the Structural and Electronic Phases of MoTe 2 through W Substitution. Nano Lett 2017; 17:1616-1622. [PMID: 28145719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
MoTe2 is an exfoliable transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) that crystallizes in three symmetries: the semiconducting trigonal-prismatic 2H- or α-phase, the semimetallic and monoclinic 1T'- or β-phase, and the semimetallic orthorhombic γ-structure. The 2H-phase displays a band gap of ∼1 eV making it appealing for flexible and transparent optoelectronics. The γ-phase is predicted to possess unique topological properties that might lead to topologically protected nondissipative transport channels. Recently, it was argued that it is possible to locally induce phase-transformations in TMDs, through chemical doping, local heating, or electric-field to achieve ohmic contacts or to induce useful functionalities such as electronic phase-change memory elements. The combination of semiconducting and topological elements based upon the same compound might produce a new generation of high performance, low dissipation optoelectronic elements. Here, we show that it is possible to engineer the phases of MoTe2 through W substitution by unveiling the phase-diagram of the Mo1-xWxTe2 solid solution, which displays a semiconducting to semimetallic transition as a function of x. We find that a small critical W concentration xc ∼ 8% stabilizes the γ-phase at room temperature. This suggests that crystals with x close to xc might be particularly susceptible to phase transformations induced by an external perturbation, for example, an electric field. Photoemission spectroscopy, indicates that the γ-phase possesses a Fermi surface akin to that of WTe2.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rhodes
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department of Physics, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - D A Chenet
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - B E Janicek
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - C Nyby
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-4401, United States
| | | | | | | | - E Mannebach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - N Finney
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - A Antony
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - T Schiros
- Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027 United States
- Department of Science and Mathematics, SUNY Fashion Institute of Technology , New York, New York 10001 United States
| | - T Klarr
- Sensors and Electronic Devices Directorate, United States Army Research Laboratory , Adelphi, Maryland 20723, United States
| | - A Mazzoni
- Sensors and Electronic Devices Directorate, United States Army Research Laboratory , Adelphi, Maryland 20723, United States
| | - M Chin
- Sensors and Electronic Devices Directorate, United States Army Research Laboratory , Adelphi, Maryland 20723, United States
| | - Y-C Chiu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department of Physics, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - W Zheng
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department of Physics, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Q R Zhang
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department of Physics, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - F Ernst
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-4090, United States
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - J I Dadap
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - X Tong
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - J Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - R Lou
- Department of Physics, Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872, China
| | - S Wang
- Department of Physics, Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872, China
| | - T Qian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - H Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - R M Osgood
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | - A M Lindenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - P Y Huang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | | | - M Dubey
- Sensors and Electronic Devices Directorate, United States Army Research Laboratory , Adelphi, Maryland 20723, United States
| | - J Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - L Balicas
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
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37
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Zalden P, Shu MJ, Chen F, Wu X, Zhu Y, Wen H, Johnston S, Shen ZX, Landreman P, Brongersma M, Fong SW, Wong HSP, Sher MJ, Jost P, Kaes M, Salinga M, von Hoegen A, Wuttig M, Lindenberg AM. Picosecond Electric-Field-Induced Threshold Switching in Phase-Change Materials. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:067601. [PMID: 27541475 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.067601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Many chalcogenide glasses undergo a breakdown in electronic resistance above a critical field strength. Known as threshold switching, this mechanism enables field-induced crystallization in emerging phase-change memory. Purely electronic as well as crystal nucleation assisted models have been employed to explain the electronic breakdown. Here, picosecond electric pulses are used to excite amorphous Ag_{4}In_{3}Sb_{67}Te_{26}. Field-dependent reversible changes in conductivity and pulse-driven crystallization are observed. The present results show that threshold switching can take place within the electric pulse on subpicosecond time scales-faster than crystals can nucleate. This supports purely electronic models of threshold switching and reveals potential applications as an ultrafast electronic switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Zalden
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Michael J Shu
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Frank Chen
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Wu
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Yi Zhu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Haidan Wen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Scott Johnston
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Zhi-Xun Shen
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Patrick Landreman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Mark Brongersma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Scott W Fong
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - H-S Philip Wong
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Meng-Ju Sher
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Peter Jost
- I. Physikalisches Institut (IA), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Kaes
- I. Physikalisches Institut (IA), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Salinga
- I. Physikalisches Institut (IA), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Wuttig
- I. Physikalisches Institut (IA), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- JARA - Fundamentals of Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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38
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Jiang MP, Trigo M, Savić I, Fahy S, Murray ÉD, Bray C, Clark J, Henighan T, Kozina M, Chollet M, Glownia JM, Hoffmann MC, Zhu D, Delaire O, May AF, Sales BC, Lindenberg AM, Zalden P, Sato T, Merlin R, Reis DA. The origin of incipient ferroelectricity in lead telluride. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12291. [PMID: 27447688 PMCID: PMC4961866 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions between electrons and lattice vibrations are fundamental to materials behaviour. In the case of group IV–VI, V and related materials, these interactions are strong, and the materials exist near electronic and structural phase transitions. The prototypical example is PbTe whose incipient ferroelectric behaviour has been recently associated with large phonon anharmonicity and thermoelectricity. Here we show that it is primarily electron-phonon coupling involving electron states near the band edges that leads to the ferroelectric instability in PbTe. Using a combination of nonequilibrium lattice dynamics measurements and first principles calculations, we find that photoexcitation reduces the Peierls-like electronic instability and reinforces the paraelectric state. This weakens the long-range forces along the cubic direction tied to resonant bonding and low lattice thermal conductivity. Our results demonstrate how free-electron-laser-based ultrafast X-ray scattering can be utilized to shed light on the microscopic mechanisms that determine materials properties. Group IV–VI materials often exist in a state near an electronic or structural phase transition. Here, the authors use ultrafast X-ray scattering to show that coupling of band-edge electrons and phonons causes the ferroelectric instability observed in lead telluride.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Jiang
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M Trigo
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - I Savić
- Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade, Cork T12R5CP, Ireland.,Department of Physics, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - S Fahy
- Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade, Cork T12R5CP, Ireland.,Department of Physics, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - É D Murray
- Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade, Cork T12R5CP, Ireland.,Department of Physics, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland.,Departments of Physics and Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - C Bray
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J Clark
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Henighan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M Kozina
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M Chollet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J M Glownia
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M C Hoffmann
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D Zhu
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - O Delaire
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.,Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - A F May
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - B C Sales
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - A M Lindenberg
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P Zalden
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - T Sato
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, The School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - R Merlin
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - D A Reis
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Departments of Physics and Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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39
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Hu T, Smith MD, Dohner ER, Sher MJ, Wu X, Trinh MT, Fisher A, Corbett J, Zhu XY, Karunadasa HI, Lindenberg AM. Mechanism for Broadband White-Light Emission from Two-Dimensional (110) Hybrid Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2258-63. [PMID: 27246299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The recently discovered phenomenon of broadband white-light emission at room temperature in the (110) two-dimensional organic-inorganic perovskite (N-MEDA)[PbBr4] (N-MEDA = N(1)-methylethane-1,2-diammonium) is promising for applications in solid-state lighting. However, the spectral broadening mechanism and, in particular, the processes and dynamics associated with the emissive species are still unclear. Herein, we apply a suite of ultrafast spectroscopic probes to measure the primary events directly following photoexcitation, which allows us to resolve the evolution of light-induced emissive states associated with white-light emission at femtosecond resolution. Terahertz spectra show fast free carrier trapping and transient absorption spectra show the formation of self-trapped excitons on femtosecond time-scales. Emission-wavelength-dependent dynamics of the self-trapped exciton luminescence are observed, indicative of an energy distribution of photogenerated emissive states in the perovskite. Our results are consistent with photogenerated carriers self-trapped in a deformable lattice due to strong electron-phonon coupling, where permanent lattice defects and correlated self-trapped states lend further inhomogeneity to the excited-state potential energy surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te Hu
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Matthew D Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Emma R Dohner
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Meng-Ju Sher
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Xiaoxi Wu
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - M Tuan Trinh
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Alan Fisher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jeff Corbett
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - X-Y Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Hemamala I Karunadasa
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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40
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Slavney AH, Hu T, Lindenberg AM, Karunadasa HI. A Bismuth-Halide Double Perovskite with Long Carrier Recombination Lifetime for Photovoltaic Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:2138-41. [PMID: 26853379 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 567] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable rise in efficiencies of solar cells containing the lead-halide perovskite absorbers RPbX3 (R = organic cation; X = Br(-) or I(-)), the toxicity of lead remains a concern for the large-scale implementation of this technology. This has spurred the search for lead-free materials with similar optoelectronic properties. Here, we use the double-perovskite structure to incorporate nontoxic Bi(3+) into the perovskite lattice in Cs2AgBiBr6 (1). The solid shows a long room-temperature fundamental photoluminescence (PL) lifetime of ca. 660 ns, which is very encouraging for photovoltaic applications. Comparison between single-crystal and powder PL decay curves of 1 suggests inherently high defect tolerance. The material has an indirect bandgap of 1.95 eV, suited for a tandem solar cell. Furthermore, 1 is significantly more heat and moisture stable compared to (MA)PbI3. The extremely promising optical and physical properties of 1 shown here motivate further exploration of both inorganic and hybrid halide double perovskites for photovoltaics and other optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam H Slavney
- Departments of †Chemistry and §Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Te Hu
- Departments of †Chemistry and §Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Departments of †Chemistry and §Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hemamala I Karunadasa
- Departments of †Chemistry and §Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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41
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Chen F, Goodfellow J, Liu S, Grinberg I, Hoffmann MC, Damodaran AR, Zhu Y, Zalden P, Zhang X, Takeuchi I, Rappe AM, Martin LW, Wen H, Lindenberg AM. Ultrafast Terahertz Gating of the Polarization and Giant Nonlinear Optical Response in BiFeO3 Thin Films. Adv Mater 2015; 27:6371-5. [PMID: 26389651 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz pulses are applied as an all-optical bias to ferroelectric thin-film BiFeO3 while monitoring the time-dependent ferroelectric polarization through its nonlinear optical response. Modulations in the intensity of the second harmonic light generated by the film correspond to on-off ratios of 220× gateable on femtosecond timescales. Polarization modulations comparable to the built-in static polarization are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Chen
- SIMES Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - John Goodfellow
- SIMES Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Shi Liu
- The Makineni Theoretical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ilya Grinberg
- The Makineni Theoretical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Anoop R Damodaran
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yi Zhu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Peter Zalden
- SIMES Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Xiaohang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Ichiro Takeuchi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- The Makineni Theoretical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Haidan Wen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- SIMES Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
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42
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Mannebach EM, Li R, Duerloo KA, Nyby C, Zalden P, Vecchione T, Ernst F, Reid AH, Chase T, Shen X, Weathersby S, Hast C, Hettel R, Coffee R, Hartmann N, Fry AR, Yu Y, Cao L, Heinz TF, Reed EJ, Dürr HA, Wang X, Lindenberg AM. Dynamic Structural Response and Deformations of Monolayer MoS2 Visualized by Femtosecond Electron Diffraction. Nano Lett 2015; 15:6889-6895. [PMID: 26322659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials are subject to intrinsic and dynamic rippling that modulates their optoelectronic and electromechanical properties. Here, we directly visualize the dynamics of these processes within monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide MoS2 using femtosecond electron scattering techniques as a real-time probe with atomic-scale resolution. We show that optical excitation induces large-amplitude in-plane displacements and ultrafast wrinkling of the monolayer on nanometer length-scales, developing on picosecond time-scales. These deformations are associated with several percent peak strains that are fully reversible over tens of millions of cycles. Direct measurements of electron-phonon coupling times and the subsequent interfacial thermal heat flow between the monolayer and substrate are also obtained. These measurements, coupled with first-principles modeling, provide a new understanding of the dynamic structural processes that underlie the functionality of two-dimensional materials and open up new opportunities for ultrafast strain engineering using all-optical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehren M Mannebach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Renkai Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Karel-Alexander Duerloo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Clara Nyby
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Peter Zalden
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Theodore Vecchione
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Friederike Ernst
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Alexander Hume Reid
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Tyler Chase
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Stephen Weathersby
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Carsten Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Robert Hettel
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Ryan Coffee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Nick Hartmann
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Alan R Fry
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Yifei Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Linyou Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Tony F Heinz
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Evan J Reed
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Hermann A Dürr
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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43
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Weathersby SP, Brown G, Centurion M, Chase TF, Coffee R, Corbett J, Eichner JP, Frisch JC, Fry AR, Gühr M, Hartmann N, Hast C, Hettel R, Jobe RK, Jongewaard EN, Lewandowski JR, Li RK, Lindenberg AM, Makasyuk I, May JE, McCormick D, Nguyen MN, Reid AH, Shen X, Sokolowski-Tinten K, Vecchione T, Vetter SL, Wu J, Yang J, Dürr HA, Wang XJ. Mega-electron-volt ultrafast electron diffraction at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:073702. [PMID: 26233391 DOI: 10.1063/1.4926994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast electron probes are powerful tools, complementary to x-ray free-electron lasers, used to study structural dynamics in material, chemical, and biological sciences. High brightness, relativistic electron beams with femtosecond pulse duration can resolve details of the dynamic processes on atomic time and length scales. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory recently launched the Ultrafast Electron Diffraction (UED) and microscopy Initiative aiming at developing the next generation ultrafast electron scattering instruments. As the first stage of the Initiative, a mega-electron-volt (MeV) UED system has been constructed and commissioned to serve ultrafast science experiments and instrumentation development. The system operates at 120-Hz repetition rate with outstanding performance. In this paper, we report on the SLAC MeV UED system and its performance, including the reciprocal space resolution, temporal resolution, and machine stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Weathersby
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - G Brown
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Centurion
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 855 N 16th Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - T F Chase
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Coffee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Corbett
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J P Eichner
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J C Frisch
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A R Fry
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Gühr
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - N Hartmann
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Hettel
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R K Jobe
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - E N Jongewaard
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J R Lewandowski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R K Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A M Lindenberg
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - I Makasyuk
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J E May
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D McCormick
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M N Nguyen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A H Reid
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - X Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - T Vecchione
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S L Vetter
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Wu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Yang
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 855 N 16th Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - H A Dürr
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - X J Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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44
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Mannebach EM, Duerloo KAN, Pellouchoud LA, Sher MJ, Nah S, Kuo YH, Yu Y, Marshall AF, Cao L, Reed EJ, Lindenberg AM. Ultrafast electronic and structural response of monolayer MoS2 under intense photoexcitation conditions. ACS Nano 2014; 8:10734-42. [PMID: 25244589 DOI: 10.1021/nn5044542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We report on the dynamical response of single layer transition metal dichalcogenide MoS2 to intense above-bandgap photoexcitation using the nonlinear-optical second order susceptibility as a direct probe of the electronic and structural dynamics. Excitation conditions corresponding to the order of one electron-hole pair per unit cell generate unexpected increases in the second harmonic from monolayer films, occurring on few picosecond time-scales. These large amplitude changes recover on tens of picosecond time-scales and are reversible at megahertz repetition rates with no photoinduced change in lattice symmetry observed despite the extreme excitation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehren M Mannebach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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45
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Abstract
Superionic materials are multi-component solids in which one sub-lattice exhibits high ionic conductivity within a fixed crystalline structure. This is typically associated with a structural phase transition occurring significantly above room temperature. Here, through combined temperature-resolved x-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry, we map out the nanoscale size-dependence of the Ag₂Se tetragonal to superionic phase transition temperature and determine the threshold size for room-temperature stabilization of superionic Ag2Se. For the first time, clear experimental evidence for such stabilization of the highly ionic conducting phase at room temperature is obtained in ∼2 nm diameter spheres, which corresponds to a >100 °C suppression of the bulk phase transition temperature. This may enable technological applications of Ag₂Se in devices where high ionic conductivity at room temperature is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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46
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Nah S, Kuo YH, Chen F, Park J, Sinclair R, Lindenberg AM. Ultrafast polarization response of an optically trapped single ferroelectric nanowire. Nano Lett 2014; 14:4322-7. [PMID: 25051318 DOI: 10.1021/nl5011228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional potassium niobate nanowires are of interest as building blocks in integrated piezoelectric devices, exhibiting large nonlinear optical and piezoelectric responses. Here we present femtosecond measurements of light-induced polarization dynamics within an optically trapped ferroelectric nanowire, using the second-order nonlinear susceptibility as a real-time structural probe. Large amplitude, reversible modulations of the nonlinear susceptibility are observed within single nanowires at megahertz repetition rates, developing on few-picosecond time-scales, associated with anomalous coupling of light into the nanowire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Nah
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Goodfellow J, Fuchs M, Daranciang D, Ghimire S, Chen F, Loos H, Reis DA, Fisher AS, Lindenberg AM. Below gap optical absorption in GaAs driven by intense, single-cycle coherent transition radiation. Opt Express 2014; 22:17423-17429. [PMID: 25090555 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.017423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Single-cycle terahertz fields generated by coherent transition radiation from a relativistic electron beam are used to study the high field optical response of single crystal GaAs. Large amplitude changes in the sub-band-gap optical absorption are induced and probed dynamically by measuring the absorption of a broad-band optical beam generated by transition radiation from the same electron bunch, providing an absolutely synchronized pump and probe geometry. This modification of the optical properties is consistent with strong-field-induced electroabsorption. These processes are pertinent to a wide range of nonlinear terahertz-driven light-matter interactions anticipated at accelerator-based sources.
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Kozina M, Hu T, Wittenberg JS, Szilagyi E, Trigo M, Miller TA, Uher C, Damodaran A, Martin L, Mehta A, Corbett J, Safranek J, Reis DA, Lindenberg AM. Measurement of transient atomic displacements in thin films with picosecond and femtometer resolution. Struct Dyn 2014; 1:034301. [PMID: 26798776 PMCID: PMC4711600 DOI: 10.1063/1.4875347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report measurements of the transient structural response of weakly photo-excited thin films of BiFeO3, Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, and Bi and time-scales for interfacial thermal transport. Utilizing picosecond x-ray diffraction at a 1.28 MHz repetition rate with time resolution extending down to 15 ps, transient changes in the diffraction angle are recorded. These changes are associated with photo-induced lattice strains within nanolayer thin films, resolved at the part-per-million level, corresponding to a shift in the scattering angle three orders of magnitude smaller than the rocking curve width and changes in the interlayer lattice spacing of fractions of a femtometer. The combination of high brightness, repetition rate, and stability of the synchrotron, in conjunction with high time resolution, represents a novel means to probe atomic-scale, near-equilibrium dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J S Wittenberg
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | | | | | - C Uher
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A Damodaran
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - L Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - A Mehta
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Corbett
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Safranek
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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Wittenberg JS, Miller TA, Szilagyi E, Lutker K, Quirin F, Lu W, Lemke H, Zhu D, Chollet M, Robinson J, Wen H, Sokolowski-Tinten K, Alivisatos AP, Lindenberg AM. Real-time visualization of nanocrystal solid-solid transformation pathways. Nano Lett 2014; 14:1995-1999. [PMID: 24588125 DOI: 10.1021/nl500043c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Measurement and understanding of the microscopic pathways materials follow as they transform is crucial for the design and synthesis of new metastable phases of matter. Here we employ femtosecond single-shot X-ray diffraction techniques to measure the pathways underlying solid-solid phase transitions in cadmium sulfide nanorods, a model system for a general class of martensitic transformations. Using picosecond rise-time laser-generated shocks to trigger the transformation, we directly observe the transition state dynamics associated with the wurtzite-to-rocksalt structural phase transformation in cadmium sulfide with atomic-scale resolution. A stress-dependent transition path is observed. At high peak stresses, the majority of the sample is converted directly into the rocksalt phase with no evidence of an intermediate prior to rocksalt formation. At lower peak stresses, a transient five-coordinated intermediate structure is observed consistent with previous first principles modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Wittenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Miller TA, Wittenberg JS, Wen H, Connor S, Cui Y, Lindenberg AM. The mechanism of ultrafast structural switching in superionic copper (I) sulphide nanocrystals. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1369. [PMID: 23340409 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Superionic materials are multi-component solids with simultaneous characteristics of both a solid and a liquid. Above a critical temperature associated with a structural phase transition, they exhibit liquid-like ionic conductivities and dynamic disorder within a rigid crystalline structure. Broad applications as electrochemical storage materials and resistive switching devices follow from this abrupt change in ionic mobility, but the microscopic pathways and speed limits associated with this switching process are largely unknown. Here we use ultrafast X-ray spectroscopy and scattering techniques to obtain an atomic-level, real-time view of the transition state in copper sulphide nanocrystals. We observe the transformation to occur on a twenty picosecond timescale and show that this is determined by the ionic hopping time.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Miller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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