1
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Rondepierre A, Zhidkov A, Oumbarek Espinos D, Hosokai T. Stabilization and correction of aberrated laser beams via plasma channelling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12078. [PMID: 38802481 PMCID: PMC11130265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
High-power laser applications, and especially laser wakefield acceleration, continue to draw attention through various research topics, and may bring many industrial applications based on compact accelerators, from ultrafast imaging to cancer therapy. However, one main step towards this is the arch issue of stability. Indeed, the interaction of a complex, aberrated laser beam with plasma involves a lot of physical phenomena and non-linear effects, such as self-focusing and filamentation. Different outcomes can be induced by small laser instabilities (i.e. laser wavefront), therefore harming any practical solution. One promising path to be explored is the use of a plasma channel to possibly guide and correct aberrated beams. Complex and costly experimental facilities are required to investigate such topics. However, one way to quickly and efficiently explore new solutions is numerical simulations, especially Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations if, and only if, one is confidently implementing such aberrated beams which, contrary to a Gaussian beam, do not have analytical solutions. In this research, we propose two new advancements: the correct implementation of aberrated laser beams inside a 3D PIC code, showing a great consistency, under vacuum, compared to the calculations with Fresnel theory); and the correction of their quality via the propagation inside a plasma channel. We demonstrate improvements in the beam pattern, becoming closer to a single plasma mode with less distortions, and thus suggesting a better stability for the targeted application. Through this confident calculation technique for distorted laser beams, we are now expecting to proceed with more accurate PIC simulations, closer to experimental conditions, and obtained results with plasma channels indicate promising future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Rondepierre
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Laser Accelerator R&D Team, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan.
- Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Advanced Technology R&D Center, Industrial Automation Systems Department, Laser Systems Section, Amagasaki, Japan.
| | - Alexei Zhidkov
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Driss Oumbarek Espinos
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomonao Hosokai
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laser Accelerator R&D Team, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan
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2
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Miller KG, Pierce JR, Ambat MV, Shaw JL, Weichman K, Mori WB, Froula DH, Palastro JP. Dephasingless laser wakefield acceleration in the bubble regime. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21306. [PMID: 38042954 PMCID: PMC10693645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Laser wakefield accelerators (LWFAs) have electric fields that are orders of magnitude larger than those of conventional accelerators, promising an attractive, small-scale alternative for next-generation light sources and lepton colliders. The maximum energy gain in a single-stage LWFA is limited by dephasing, which occurs when the trapped particles outrun the accelerating phase of the wakefield. Here, we demonstrate that a single space-time structured laser pulse can be used for ionization injection and electron acceleration over many dephasing lengths in the bubble regime. Simulations of a dephasingless laser wakefield accelerator driven by a 6.2-J laser pulse show 25 pC of injected charge accelerated over 20 dephasing lengths (1.3 cm) to a maximum energy of 2.1 GeV. The space-time structured laser pulse features an ultrashort, programmable-trajectory focus. Accelerating the focus, reducing the focused spot-size variation, and mitigating unwanted self-focusing stabilize the electron acceleration, which improves beam quality and leads to projected energy gains of 125 GeV in a single, sub-meter stage driven by a 500-J pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle G Miller
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623-1299, USA.
| | - Jacob R Pierce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Manfred V Ambat
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623-1299, USA
| | - Jessica L Shaw
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623-1299, USA
| | - Kale Weichman
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623-1299, USA
| | - Warren B Mori
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dustin H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623-1299, USA
| | - John P Palastro
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623-1299, USA
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3
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Oumbarek Espinos D, Rondepierre A, Zhidkov A, Pathak N, Jin Z, Huang K, Nakanii N, Daito I, Kando M, Hosokai T. Notable improvements on LWFA through precise laser wavefront tuning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18466. [PMID: 37891421 PMCID: PMC10611724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45737-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) continues to grow and awaken interest worldwide, especially as in various applications it approaches performance comparable to classical accelerators. However, numerous challenges still exist until this can be a reality. The complex non-linear nature of the process of interaction between the laser and the induced plasma remains an obstacle to the widespread LWFA use as stable and reliable particle sources. It is commonly accepted that the best wavefront is a perfect Gaussian distribution. However, experimentally, this is not correct and more complicated ones can potentially give better results. in this work, the effects of tuning the laser wavefront via the controlled introduction of aberrations are explored for an LWFA accelerator using the shock injection configuration. Our experiments show the clear unique correlation between the generated beam transverse characteristics and the different input wavefronts. The electron beams stability, acceleration and injection are also significantly different. We found that in our case, the best beams were generated with a specific complex wavefront. A greater understanding of electron generation as function of the laser input is achieved thanks to this method and hopes towards a higher level of control on the electrons beams by LWFA is foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Driss Oumbarek Espinos
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Laser Accelerator R &D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan.
| | - Alexandre Rondepierre
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laser Accelerator R &D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Alexei Zhidkov
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laser Accelerator R &D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Naveen Pathak
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laser Accelerator R &D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Zhan Jin
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laser Accelerator R &D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Kai Huang
- Laser Accelerator R &D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan
- Kansai Institute for Photon Science (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7, Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Nakanii
- Laser Accelerator R &D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan
- Kansai Institute for Photon Science (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7, Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Izuru Daito
- Kansai Institute for Photon Science (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7, Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Masaki Kando
- Laser Accelerator R &D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan
- Kansai Institute for Photon Science (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7, Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Tomonao Hosokai
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laser Accelerator R &D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan
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4
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Irfan M. Instability of modified Zakharov-Kuznetsov solitons in an inhomogeneous partially degenerate electron-ion magnetoplasma. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:065204. [PMID: 36671087 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.065204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Linear and nonlinear propagation characteristics of multidimensional drift ion-acoustic (IA) solitons are studied in an inhomogeneous partially degenerate electron-ion magnetoplasma. A modified Zakharov-Kuznetsov (mZK) equation is deduced, accounting for the longitudinal as well as the transverse dispersions. It is shown that the mZK equation admits a distinct solution, revealing excitation of a pulse-shaped soliton when the phase speed exceeds by the wave dispersion. For the instability condition of the waves, a novel growth rate (γ) is derived by modifying the standard small-k expansion scheme. The instability criterion, given for long-wavelength IA waves, has not been described elsewhere. Numerical analysis show that solitary pulses gain energy from the ion drift, involving into instability: it saturates with amplification of the unstable potentials. Similarly trapped electrons lead to unstable growth of the solitary waves by enhancing γ. This study is relevant to compact stars and to high-density facilities where density inhomogeneity ensues the unstable drift modes. The instability analysis is important in understanding anomalous diffusion, which reduces the lifespan (τ=γ^{-1}) of magnetically confined plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Irfan
- Department of Physics, University of Malakand Chakdara Dir(L), Khyber Pakhtun Khwa 18800, Pakistan
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5
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Review of Quality Optimization of Electron Beam Based on Laser Wakefield Acceleration. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9080511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Compared with state-of-the-art radio frequency accelerators, the gradient of laser wakefield accelerators is 3–4 orders of magnitude higher. This is of great significance in the development of miniaturized particle accelerators and radiation sources. Higher requirements have been proposed for the quality of electron beams, owing to the increasing application requirements of tabletop radiation sources, specifically with the rapid development of free-electron laser devices. This review briefly examines the electron beam quality optimization scheme based on laser wakefield acceleration and presents some representative studies. In addition, manipulation of the electron beam phase space by means of injection, plasma profile distribution, and laser evolution is described. This review of studies is beneficial for further promoting the application of laser wakefield accelerators.
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6
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Li F, Dalichaouch TN, Pierce JR, Xu X, Tsung FS, Lu W, Joshi C, Mori WB. Ultrabright Electron Bunch Injection in a Plasma Wakefield Driven by a Superluminal Flying Focus Electron Beam. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:174803. [PMID: 35570446 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.174803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new method for self-injection of high-quality electron bunches in the plasma wakefield structure in the blowout regime utilizing a "flying focus" produced by a drive beam with an energy chirp. In a flying focus the speed of the density centroid of the drive bunch can be superluminal or subluminal by utilizing the chromatic dependence of the focusing optics. We first derive the focal velocity and the characteristic length of the focal spot in terms of the focal length and an energy chirp. We then demonstrate using multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations that a wake driven by a superluminally propagating flying focus of an electron beam can generate GeV-level electron bunches with ultralow normalized slice emittance (∼30 nm rad), high current (∼17 kA), low slice energy spread (∼0.1%), and therefore high normalized brightness (>10^{19} A/m^{2}/rad^{2}) in a plasma of density ∼10^{19} cm^{-3}. The injection process is highly controllable and tunable by changing the focal velocity and shaping the drive beam current. Near-term experiments at FACET II where the capabilities to generate tens of kA, <10 fs drivers are planned, could potentially produce beams with brightness near 10^{20} A/m^{2}/rad^{2}.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - T N Dalichaouch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - J R Pierce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - X Xu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - F S Tsung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W Lu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - C Joshi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W B Mori
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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7
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Khudiakov V, Pukhov A. Optimized laser-assisted electron injection into a quasilinear plasma wakefield. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:035201. [PMID: 35428075 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.035201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present an electron injection scheme for plasma wakefield acceleration. The method is based on a recently proposed technique of fast electron generation via laser-solid interaction: a femtosecond laser pulse with the energy of tens of mJ hitting a dense plasma target at 45^{∘} angle expels a well collimated bunch of electrons and accelerates these close to the specular direction up to several MeVs. We study trapping of these fast electrons by a quasilinear wakefield excited by an external beam driver in a surrounding low density plasma. This configuration can be relevant to the AWAKE experiment at CERN. We vary different injection parameters: the phase and angle of injection, the laser pulse energy. An approximate trapping condition is derived for a linear axisymmetric wake. It is used to optimize the trapped charge and is verified by three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. It is shown that a quasilinear plasma wave with the accelerating field ∼ 2.5 GV/m can trap electron bunches with ∼ 100 pC charge, ∼60μm transverse normalized emittance and accelerate them to energies of several GeV with the spread ≲ 1% after 10 m..
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Affiliation(s)
- V Khudiakov
- Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Pukhov
- Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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8
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Demonstration of a compact plasma accelerator powered by laser-accelerated electron beams. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2895. [PMID: 34001874 PMCID: PMC8129089 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23000-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma wakefield accelerators are capable of sustaining gigavolt-per-centimeter accelerating fields, surpassing the electric breakdown threshold in state-of-the-art accelerator modules by 3-4 orders of magnitude. Beam-driven wakefields offer particularly attractive conditions for the generation and acceleration of high-quality beams. However, this scheme relies on kilometer-scale accelerators. Here, we report on the demonstration of a millimeter-scale plasma accelerator powered by laser-accelerated electron beams. We showcase the acceleration of electron beams to 128 MeV, consistent with simulations exhibiting accelerating gradients exceeding 100 GV m−1. This miniaturized accelerator is further explored by employing a controlled pair of drive and witness electron bunches, where a fraction of the driver energy is transferred to the accelerated witness through the plasma. Such a hybrid approach allows fundamental studies of beam-driven plasma accelerator concepts at widely accessible high-power laser facilities. It is anticipated to provide compact sources of energetic high-brightness electron beams for quality-demanding applications such as free-electron lasers. Particle accelerators based on laser- or electron-driven plasma waves promise compact sources for relativistic electron bunches. Here, Kurz and Heinemann et al. demonstrate a hybrid two-stage configuration, combining the individual features of both accelerating schemes.
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9
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Svendsen K, Guénot D, Svensson JB, Petersson K, Persson A, Lundh O. A focused very high energy electron beam for fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5844. [PMID: 33712653 PMCID: PMC7971008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An electron beam of very high energy (50-250 MeV) can potentially produce a more favourable radiotherapy dose distribution compared to a state-of-the-art photon based radiotherapy technique. To produce an electron beam of sufficiently high energy to allow for a long penetration depth (several cm), very large accelerating structures are needed when using conventional radio-frequency technology, which may not be possible due to economical or spatial constraints. In this paper, we show transport and focusing of laser wakefield accelerated electron beams with a maximum energy of 160 MeV using electromagnetic quadrupole magnets in a point-to-point imaging configuration, yielding a spatial uncertainty of less than 0.1 mm, a total charge variation below [Formula: see text] and a focal spot of [Formula: see text]. The electron beam was focused to control the depth dose distribution and to improve the dose conformality inside a phantom of cast acrylic slabs and radiochromic film. The phantom was irradiated from 36 different angles to obtain a dose distribution mimicking a stereotactic radiotherapy treatment, with a peak fractional dose of 2.72 Gy and a total maximum dose of 65 Gy. This was achieved with realistic constraints, including 23 cm of propagation through air before any dose deposition in the phantom.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Guénot
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Björklund Svensson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, NotkestraSSe 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristoffer Petersson
- Department of Oncology, The Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Radiation Physics, Department of Haematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Persson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olle Lundh
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
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10
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Nie Z, Li F, Morales F, Patchkovskii S, Smirnova O, An W, Nambu N, Matteo D, Marsh KA, Tsung F, Mori WB, Joshi C. In Situ Generation of High-Energy Spin-Polarized Electrons in a Beam-Driven Plasma Wakefield Accelerator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:054801. [PMID: 33605740 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.054801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In situ generation of a high-energy, high-current, spin-polarized electron beam is an outstanding scientific challenge to the development of plasma-based accelerators for high-energy colliders. In this Letter, we show how such a spin-polarized relativistic beam can be produced by ionization injection of electrons of certain atoms with a circularly polarized laser field into a beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerator, providing a much desired one-step solution to this challenge. Using time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) simulations, we show the propensity rule of spin-dependent ionization of xenon atoms can be reversed in the strong-field multiphoton regime compared with the non-adiabatic tunneling regime, leading to high total spin polarization. Furthermore, three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are incorporated with TDSE simulations, providing start-to-end simulations of spin-dependent strong-field ionization of xenon atoms and subsequent trapping, acceleration, and preservation of electron spin polarization in lithium plasma. We show the generation of a high-current (0.8 kA), ultralow-normalized-emittance (∼37 nm), and high-energy (2.7 GeV) electron beam within just 11 cm distance, with up to ∼31% net spin polarization. Higher current, energy, and net spin-polarization beams are possible by optimizing this concept, thus solving a long-standing problem facing the development of plasma accelerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Nie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Felipe Morales
- Max Born Institute, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Olga Smirnova
- Max Born Institute, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Weiming An
- Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Noa Nambu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Daniel Matteo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Kenneth A Marsh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Frank Tsung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Warren B Mori
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Chan Joshi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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11
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Barzegar S, Niknam AR. Laser pulse-electron beam synergy effect on electron self-injection and higher energy gain in laser wakefield accelerators. Sci Rep 2021; 11:37. [PMID: 33420118 PMCID: PMC7794524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A new scheme for injection and acceleration of electrons in wakefield accelerators is suggested based on the co-action of a laser pulse and an electron beam. This synergy leads to stronger wakefield generation and higher energy gain in the bubble regime. The strong deformation of the whole bubble leads to electron self-injection at lower laser powers and lower plasma densities. To predict the practical ranges of electron beam and laser pulse parameters an interpretive model is proposed. The effects of altering the initial electron beam position on self-trapping of plasma electrons are studied. It is observed that an ultra-short (25 fs), high charge (340 pC), 1 GeV electron bunch is produced by injection of a 280 pC electron beam in the decelerating phase of the 75 TW laser driven wakefield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Barzegar
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Niknam
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Zhang G, Chen M, Yang X, Liu F, Weng S, Ma Y, Zou D, Yu T, Shao F, Sheng Z. Betatron radiation polarization control by using an off-axis ionization injection in a laser wakefield acceleration. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:29927-29936. [PMID: 33114881 DOI: 10.1364/oe.404723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tunable X-ray sources from a laser-driven wakefield have wide applications. However, due to the difficulty of electron dynamics control, currently the tunability of laser wakefield-based X-ray sources is still difficult. By using three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we propose a scheme to realize controllable electron dynamics and X-ray radiation. In the scheme, a long wavelength drive pulse excites a plasma wake and an off-axis laser pulse with a short wavelength co-propagates with the drive pulse and ionizes the K-shell electrons of the background high-Z gas. The electrons can be injected in the wakefield with controllable transverse positions and residual momenta. These injected electrons experience controllable oscillations in the wake, leading to tunable radiations both in intensity and polarization.
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13
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Nie Z, Pai CH, Zhang J, Ning X, Hua J, He Y, Wu Y, Su Q, Liu S, Ma Y, Cheng Z, Lu W, Chu HH, Wang J, Zhang C, Mori WB, Joshi C. Photon deceleration in plasma wakes generates single-cycle relativistic tunable infrared pulses. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2787. [PMID: 32493931 PMCID: PMC7271200 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16541-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Availability of relativistically intense, single-cycle, tunable infrared sources will open up new areas of relativistic nonlinear optics of plasmas, impulse IR spectroscopy and pump-probe experiments in the molecular fingerprint region. However, generation of such pulses is still a challenge by current methods. Recently, it has been proposed that time dependent refractive index associated with laser-produced nonlinear wakes in a suitably designed plasma density structure rapidly frequency down-converts photons. The longest wavelength photons slip backwards relative to the evolving laser pulse to form a single-cycle pulse within the nearly evacuated wake cavity. This process is called photon deceleration. Here, we demonstrate this scheme for generating high-power (~100 GW), near single-cycle, wavelength tunable (3–20 µm), infrared pulses using an 810 nm drive laser by tuning the density profile of the plasma. We also demonstrate that these pulses can be used to in-situ probe the transient and nonlinear wakes themselves. Plasma can act as strong nonlinear refractive index medium that can be exploited to downshift the frequency of a laser pulse. Here, the authors show the generation of single-cycle tunable infrared pulses using strong density gradients associated with laser-produced wakes in plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Pai
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaonan Ning
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianfei Hua
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yunxiao He
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yipeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qianqian Su
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Hsu-Hsin Chu
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan.,Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Jyhpyng Wang
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan. .,Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan. .,Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Chaojie Zhang
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Warren B Mori
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chan Joshi
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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14
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Ferran Pousa A, Martinez de la Ossa A, Assmann RW. Intrinsic energy spread and bunch length growth in plasma-based accelerators due to betatron motion. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17690. [PMID: 31776391 PMCID: PMC6881450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53887-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma-based accelerators (PBAs), having demonstrated the production of GeV electron beams in only centimetre scales, offer a path towards a new generation of highly compact and cost-effective particle accelerators. However, achieving the required beam quality, particularly on the energy spread for applications such as free-electron lasers, remains a challenge. Here we investigate fundamental sources of energy spread and bunch length in PBAs which arise from the betatron motion of beam electrons. We present an analytical theory, validated against particle-in-cell simulations, which accurately describes these phenomena. Significant impact on the beam quality is predicted for certain configurations, explaining previously observed limitations on the achievable bunch length and energy spread. Guidelines for mitigating these contributions towards high-quality beams are deduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Ferran Pousa
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, 22607, Germany.
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, 22761, Germany.
| | | | - Ralph W Assmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
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15
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Irfan M, Ali S, El-Tantawy SA, Ismaeel SME. Three dimensional ion-acoustic rogons in quantized anisotropic magnetoplasmas with trapped/untrapped electrons. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2019; 29:103133. [PMID: 31675836 DOI: 10.1063/1.5109157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) modulational instability (MI) and ion-acoustic (IA) envelopes are studied in a quantized degenerate magnetoplasma, whose constituents are the trapped/untrapped electrons and anisotropic positive ions. By using quantum hydrodynamic equations and the multiscale reductive perturbation technique, a 3D nonlinear Schrödinger equation is derived to account for electron quantization and ion pressure anisotrophy effects. The potential excitations are shown stable (unstable) against the perturbations for Kc<0(Kc>0), where Kc is a critical parameter that accounts for the longitudinal (transverse) dispersion(s) and nonlinearity effects. Numerically, the nonlinear evolution of IA wavepackets into a 3D MI may be revealed in the ranges of low and high frequencies 0<ω≤0.05 and 0.75≤ω≤1.1. The quantizing magnetic field reduces (enhances) the group speed (wave frequency) of IA excitations, concentrating the wave energy to favor the modulational instability. Finite electronic temperature (viz.,Te≤10keV) enhances the untrapped electrons and significantly widens the instability domain Kc>0. The ionic pressure anisotropy increases the wave frequency (ω), piles up the harmonics under Kc>0, and give rise to modulational instability. The quantized magnetic field and anisotropic pressure reduce the amplitude and spatial extension of the IA rogons. This study is important for understanding the 3D MI and unstable excitations in degenerate plasmas, relevant to white dwarfs, neutron stars, and high-energy density experiments, where strong magnetic field quantizes the dynamics of trapped/untrapped electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Irfan
- Department of Physics, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir (Lower), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18800, Pakistan
| | - S Ali
- National Centre for Physics at QAU Campus, Shahdra Valley Road, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - S A El-Tantawy
- Research Center for Physics (RCP), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al-Baha University, Al-Mikhwah 1988, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif M E Ismaeel
- College of Sciences and Humanities Studies Al-Kharj, Physics Department, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Martinez de la Ossa A, Assmann RW, Bussmann M, Corde S, Couperus Cabadağ JP, Debus A, Döpp A, Ferran Pousa A, Gilljohann MF, Heinemann T, Hidding B, Irman A, Karsch S, Kononenko O, Kurz T, Osterhoff J, Pausch R, Schöbel S, Schramm U. Hybrid LWFA-PWFA staging as a beam energy and brightness transformer: conceptual design and simulations. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180175. [PMID: 31230579 PMCID: PMC6602909 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a conceptual design for a hybrid laser-driven plasma wakefield accelerator (LWFA) to beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerator (PWFA). In this set-up, the output beams from an LWFA stage are used as input beams of a new PWFA stage. In the PWFA stage, a new witness beam of largely increased quality can be produced and accelerated to higher energies. The feasibility and the potential of this concept is shown through exemplary particle-in-cell simulations. In addition, preliminary simulation results for a proof-of-concept experiment in Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (Germany) are shown. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. W. Assmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Bussmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - S. Corde
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS - École Polytechnique - Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | | | - A. Debus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A. Döpp
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A. Ferran Pousa
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. F. Gilljohann
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T. Heinemann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
| | - B. Hidding
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
| | - A. Irman
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - S. Karsch
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - O. Kononenko
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS - École Polytechnique - Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - T. Kurz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - J. Osterhoff
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. Pausch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - S. Schöbel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - U. Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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17
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Vafaei-Najafabadi N, Amorim LD, Adli E, An W, Clarke CI, Clayton CE, Corde S, Gessner S, Green SZ, Hogan MJ, Joshi C, Kononenko O, Lindstrøm CA, Litos M, Lu W, Marsh KA, Mori WB, San Miguel Claveria P, O'Shea B, Raj G, Storey D, White G, Xu X, Yakimenko V. Producing multi-coloured bunches through beam-induced ionization injection in plasma wakefield accelerator. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180184. [PMID: 31230576 PMCID: PMC6602915 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses the properties of electron beams formed in plasma wakefield accelerators through ionization injection. In particular, the potential for generating a beam composed of co-located multi-colour beamlets is demonstrated in the case where the ionization is initiated by the evolving charge field of the drive beam itself. The physics of the processes of ionization and injection are explored through OSIRIS simulations. Experimental evidence showing similar features are presented from the data obtained in the E217 experiment at the FACET facility of the SLAC National Laboratory. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L. D. Amorim
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - E. Adli
- University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - W. An
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - C. I. Clarke
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - C. E. Clayton
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - S. Corde
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91762, France
| | | | - S. Z. Green
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - M. J. Hogan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - C. Joshi
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - O. Kononenko
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91762, France
| | | | - M. Litos
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - W. Lu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, People's Republic of China
| | - K. A. Marsh
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - W. B. Mori
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - P. San Miguel Claveria
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91762, France
| | - B. O'Shea
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - G. Raj
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91762, France
| | - D. Storey
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - G. White
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Xinlu Xu
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - V. Yakimenko
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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18
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Manahan GG, Habib AF, Scherkl P, Ullmann D, Beaton A, Sutherland A, Kirwan G, Delinikolas P, Heinemann T, Altuijri R, Knetsch A, Karger O, Cook NM, Bruhwiler DL, Sheng ZM, Rosenzweig JB, Hidding B. Advanced schemes for underdense plasma photocathode wakefield accelerators: pathways towards ultrahigh brightness electron beams. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180182. [PMID: 31230572 PMCID: PMC6602916 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The 'Trojan Horse' underdense plasma photocathode scheme applied to electron beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration has opened up a path which promises high controllability and tunability and to reach extremely good quality as regards emittance and five-dimensional beam brightness. This combination has the potential to improve the state-of-the-art in accelerator technology significantly. In this paper, we review the basic concepts of the Trojan Horse scheme and present advanced methods for tailoring both the injector laser pulses and the witness electron bunches and combine them with the Trojan Horse scheme. These new approaches will further enhance the beam qualities, such as transverse emittance and longitudinal energy spread, and may allow, for the first time, to produce ultrahigh six-dimensional brightness electron bunches, which is a necessary requirement for driving advanced radiation sources. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. G. Manahan
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - A. F. Habib
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - P. Scherkl
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - D. Ullmann
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - A. Beaton
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - A. Sutherland
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - G. Kirwan
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. Delinikolas
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - T. Heinemann
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. Altuijri
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
- Physics Department, Princess Nora Bint Abd Ulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Knetsch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - O. Karger
- Department of Experimental Physics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Z.-M. Sheng
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
- Laboratory for Laser Plasmas and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - J. B. Rosenzweig
- Particle Beam Physics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B. Hidding
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
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19
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Abstract
Fundamental similarities and differences between laser-driven plasma wakefield acceleration (LWFA) and particle-driven plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA) are discussed. The complementary features enable the conception and development of novel hybrid plasma accelerators, which allow previously not accessible compact solutions for high quality electron bunch generation and arising applications. Very high energy gains can be realized by electron beam drivers even in single stages because PWFA is practically dephasing-free and not diffraction-limited. These electron driver beams for PWFA in turn can be produced in compact LWFA stages. In various hybrid approaches, these PWFA systems can be spiked with ionizing laser pulses to realize tunable and high-quality electron sources via optical density downramp injection (also known as plasma torch) or plasma photocathodes (also known as Trojan Horse) and via wakefield-induced injection (also known as WII). These hybrids can act as beam energy, brightness and quality transformers, and partially have built-in stabilizing features. They thus offer compact pathways towards beams with unprecedented emittance and brightness, which may have transformative impact for light sources and photon science applications. Furthermore, they allow the study of PWFA-specific challenges in compact setups in addition to large linac-based facilities, such as fundamental beam–plasma interaction physics, to develop novel diagnostics, and to develop contributions such as ultralow emittance test beams or other building blocks and schemes which support future plasma-based collider concepts.
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20
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Martinez de la Ossa A, Mehrling TJ, Osterhoff J. Intrinsic Stabilization of the Drive Beam in Plasma-Wakefield Accelerators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:064803. [PMID: 30141650 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.064803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The hose instability of the drive beam constitutes a major challenge for the stable operation of plasma-wakefield accelerators. In this Letter, we show that drive beams with a transverse size comparable to the plasma blowout radius generate a wake with a varying focusing along the beam, which leads to a rapid detuning of the slice-betatron oscillations and suppresses the instability. This intrinsic stabilization principle provides an applicable and effective method for the suppression of the hosing of the drive beam and allows for a stable acceleration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martinez de la Ossa
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T J Mehrling
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Osterhoff
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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21
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Abstract
Particle accelerators are the ultimate microscopes. They produce high energy beams of particles — or, in some cases, generate X-ray laser pulses — to probe the fundamental particles and forces that make up the universe and to explore the building blocks of life. But it takes huge accelerators, like the Large Hadron Collider or the two-mile-long SLAC linac, to generate beams with enough energy and resolving power. If we could achieve the same thing with accelerators just a few meters long, accelerators and particle colliders could be much smaller and cheaper. Since the first theoretical work in the early 1980s, an exciting series of experiments have aimed at accelerating electrons and positrons to high energies in a much shorter distance by having them “surf” on waves of hot, ionized gas like that found in fluorescent light tubes. Electron-beam-driven experiments have measured the integrated and dynamic aspects of plasma focusing, the bright flux of high energy betatron radiation photons, particle beam refraction at the plasma–neutral-gas interface, and the structure and amplitude of the accelerating wakefield. Gradients spanning kT/m to MT/m for focusing and 100[Formula: see text]MeV/m to 50[Formula: see text]GeV/m for acceleration have been excited in meter-long plasmas with densities of 10[Formula: see text]–10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text], respectively. Positron-beam-driven experiments have evidenced the more complex dynamic and integrated plasma focusing, 100[Formula: see text]MeV/m to 5[Formula: see text]GeV/m acceleration in linear and nonlinear plasma waves, and explored the dynamics of hollow channel plasma structures. Strongly beam-loaded plasma waves have accelerated beams of electrons and positrons with hundreds of pC of charge to over 5[Formula: see text]GeV in meter scale plasmas with high efficiency and narrow energy spread. These “plasma wakefield acceleration” experiments have been mounted by a diverse group of accelerator, laser and plasma researchers from national laboratories and universities around the world. This article reviews the basic principles of plasma wakefield acceleration with electron and positron beams, the current state of understanding, the push for first applications and the long range R&D roadmap toward a high energy collider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Hogan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94303, USA
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22
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Xu XL, Pai CH, Zhang CJ, Li F, Wan Y, Wu YP, Hua JF, Lu W, An W, Yu P, Joshi C, Mori WB. Nanoscale Electron Bunching in Laser-Triggered Ionization Injection in Plasma Accelerators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:034801. [PMID: 27472116 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.034801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ionization injection is attractive as a controllable injection scheme for generating high quality electron beams using plasma-based wakefield acceleration. Because of the phase-dependent tunneling ionization rate and the trapping dynamics within a nonlinear wake, the discrete injection of electrons within the wake is nonlinearly mapped to a discrete final phase space structure of the beam at the location where the electrons are trapped. This phenomenon is theoretically analyzed and examined by three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations which show that three-dimensional effects limit the wave number of the modulation to between >2k_{0} and about 5k_{0}, where k_{0} is the wave number of the injection laser. Such a nanoscale bunched beam can be diagnosed by and used to generate coherent transition radiation and may find use in generating high-power ultraviolet radiation upon passage through a resonant undulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Xu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C-H Pai
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - C J Zhang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - F Li
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y Wan
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y P Wu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - J F Hua
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - W Lu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - W An
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - P Yu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C Joshi
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W B Mori
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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23
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Yu C, Qi R, Wang W, Liu J, Li W, Wang C, Zhang Z, Liu J, Qin Z, Fang M, Feng K, Wu Y, Tian Y, Xu Y, Wu F, Leng Y, Weng X, Wang J, Wei F, Yi Y, Song Z, Li R, Xu Z. Ultrahigh brilliance quasi-monochromatic MeV γ-rays based on self-synchronized all-optical Compton scattering. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29518. [PMID: 27405540 PMCID: PMC4942800 DOI: 10.1038/srep29518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inverse Compton scattering between ultra-relativistic electrons and an intense laser field has been proposed as a major route to generate compact high-brightness and high-energy γ-rays. Attributed to the inherent synchronization mechanism, an all-optical Compton scattering γ-ray source, using one laser to both accelerate electrons and scatter via the reflection of a plasma mirror, has been demonstrated in proof-of-principle experiments to produce a x-ray source near 100 keV. Here, by designing a cascaded laser wakefield accelerator to generate high-quality monoenergetic e-beams, which are bound to head-on collide with the intense driving laser pulse via the reflection of a 20-um-thick Ti foil, we produce tunable quasi-monochromatic MeV γ-rays (33% full-width at half-maximum) with a peak brilliance of ~3 × 1022 photons s−1 mm−2 mrad−2 0.1% BW at 1 MeV. To the best of our knowledge, it is one order of magnitude higher than ever reported value of its kinds in MeV regime. This compact ultrahigh brilliance γ-ray source may provide applications in nuclear resonance fluorescence, x-ray radiology and ultrafast pump-probe nondestructive inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Rong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jiansheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.,IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wentao Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Zhiyong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Ming Fang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Ke Feng
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Ying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Ye Tian
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Fenxiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yuxin Leng
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xiufeng Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an 710024, China
| | - Jihu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an 710024, China
| | - Fuli Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an 710024, China
| | - Yicheng Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an 710024, China
| | - Zhaohui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an 710024, China
| | - Ruxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.,IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhizhan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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24
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Zeng M, Chen M, Yu LL, Mori WB, Sheng ZM, Hidding B, Jaroszynski DA, Zhang J. Multichromatic narrow-energy-spread electron bunches from laser-wakefield acceleration with dual-color lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:084801. [PMID: 25768765 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.084801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A method based on laser wakefield acceleration with controlled ionization injection triggered by another frequency-tripled laser is proposed, which can produce electron bunches with low energy spread. As two color pulses copropagate in the background plasma, the peak amplitude of the combined laser field is modulated in time and space during the laser propagation due to the plasma dispersion. Ionization injection occurs when the peak amplitude exceeds a certain threshold. The threshold is exceeded for limited duration periodically at different propagation distances, leading to multiple ionization injections and separated electron bunches. The method is demonstrated through multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations. Such electron bunches may be used to generate multichromatic x-ray sources for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - M Chen
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - L L Yu
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - W B Mori
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Z M Sheng
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - B Hidding
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - D A Jaroszynski
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - J Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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25
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Li S, Hafz NAM, Mirzaie M, Sokollik T, Zeng M, Chen M, Sheng Z, Zhang J. Enhanced single-stage laser-driven electron acceleration by self-controlled ionization injection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:29578-29586. [PMID: 25606890 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.029578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on overall enhancement of a single-stage laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) using the ionization injection in a mixture of 0.3% nitrogen gas in 99.7% helium gas. Upon the interaction of 30-TW, 30-fs laser pulses with a gas jet of the above gas mixture, >300 MeV electron beams were generated at a helium plasma densities of 3.3-8.5 × 10(18) cm(-3). Compared with the uncontrolled electron self-injection in pure helium gas jet, the ionization injection process due to the presence of ultra-low nitrogen concentrations appears to be self-controlled; it has led to the generation of electron beams with higher energies, higher charge, lower density threshold for trapping, and a narrower energy spread without dark current (low energy electrons) or multiple bunches. It is foreseen that further optimization of such a scheme is expected to bring the electron beam energy-spread down to 1%, making them suitable for driving ultra-compact free-electron lasers.
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26
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Xu XL, Hua JF, Li F, Zhang CJ, Yan LX, Du YC, Huang WH, Chen HB, Tang CX, Lu W, Yu P, An W, Joshi C, Mori WB. Phase-space dynamics of ionization injection in plasma-based accelerators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:035003. [PMID: 24484147 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.035003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of beam phase space in ionization injection into plasma wakefields is studied using theory and particle-in-cell simulations. The injection process involves both longitudinal and transverse phase mixing, leading initially to a rapid emittance growth followed by oscillation, decay, and a slow growth to saturation. An analytic theory for this evolution is presented and verified through particle-in-cell simulations. This theory includes the effects of injection distance (time), acceleration distance, wakefield structure, and nonlinear space charge forces, and it also shows how ultralow emittance beams can be produced using ionization injection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Xu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - J F Hua
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - F Li
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - C J Zhang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - L X Yan
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y C Du
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - W H Huang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - H B Chen
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - C X Tang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - W Lu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - P Yu
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W An
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C Joshi
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W B Mori
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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27
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Vafaei-Najafabadi N, Marsh KA, Clayton CE, An W, Mori WB, Joshi C, Lu W, Adli E, Corde S, Litos M, Li S, Gessner S, Frederico J, Fisher AS, Wu Z, Walz D, England RJ, Delahaye JP, Clarke CI, Hogan MJ, Muggli P. Beam loading by distributed injection of electrons in a plasma wakefield accelerator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:025001. [PMID: 24484020 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.025001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We show through experiments and supporting simulations that propagation of a highly relativistic and dense electron bunch through a plasma can lead to distributed injection of electrons, which depletes the accelerating field, i.e., beam loads the wake. The source of the injected electrons is ionization of the second electron of rubidium (Rb II) within the wake. This injection of excess charge is large enough to severely beam load the wake, and thereby reduce the transformer ratio T. The reduction of the average T with increasing beam loading is quantified for the first time by measuring the ratio of peak energy gain and loss of electrons while changing the beam emittance. Simulations show that beam loading by Rb II electrons contributes to the reduction of the peak accelerating field from its weakly loaded value of 43 GV/m to a strongly loaded value of 26 GV/m.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vafaei-Najafabadi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - K A Marsh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C E Clayton
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W An
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W B Mori
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA and Department of Physics and astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | | | - W Lu
- Department of Physics and astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - E Adli
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA and Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - S Corde
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Litos
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Gessner
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Frederico
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A S Fisher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Z Wu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D Walz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R J England
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J P Delahaye
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C I Clarke
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M J Hogan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - P Muggli
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
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28
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Martinez de la Ossa A, Grebenyuk J, Mehrling T, Schaper L, Osterhoff J. High-quality electron beams from beam-driven plasma accelerators by wakefield-induced ionization injection. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:245003. [PMID: 24483670 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.245003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new and simple strategy for controlled ionization-induced trapping of electrons in a beam-driven plasma accelerator. The presented method directly exploits electric wakefields to ionize electrons from a dopant gas and capture them into a well-defined volume of the accelerating and focusing wake phase, leading to high-quality witness bunches. This injection principle is explained by example of three-dimensional particle-in-cell calculations using the code OSIRIS. In these simulations a high-current-density electron-beam driver excites plasma waves in the blowout regime inside a fully ionized hydrogen plasma of density 5×10(17)cm-3. Within an embedded 100 μm long plasma column contaminated with neutral helium gas, the wakefields trigger ionization, trapping of a defined fraction of the released electrons, and subsequent acceleration. The hereby generated electron beam features a 1.5 kA peak current, 1.5 μm transverse normalized emittance, an uncorrelated energy spread of 0.3% on a GeV-energy scale, and few femtosecond bunch length.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Grebenyuk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Mehrling
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L Schaper
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Osterhoff
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
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29
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Ma YY, Kawata S, Yu TP, Gu YQ, Sheng ZM, Yu MY, Zhuo HB, Liu HJ, Yin Y, Takahashi K, Xie XY, Liu JX, Tian CL, Shao FQ. Electron bow-wave injection of electrons in laser-driven bubble acceleration. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 85:046403. [PMID: 22680582 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.85.046403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An electron injection regime in laser wake-field acceleration, namely electron bow-wave injection, is investigated by two- and three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation as well as analytical model. In this regime electrons in the intense electron bow wave behind the first bubble catch up with the bubble tail and are trapped by the bubble finally, resulting in considerable enhancement of the total trapped electron number. For example, with the increase of the laser intensity from 2 × 10(19) to 1 × 10(20) W/cm(2), the electron trapping changes from normal self-injection to bow-wave injection and the trapped electron number is enhanced by two orders of magnitude. An analytical model is proposed to explain the numerical observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Ma
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
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30
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Hidding B, Pretzler G, Rosenzweig JB, Königstein T, Schiller D, Bruhwiler DL. Ultracold electron bunch generation via plasma photocathode emission and acceleration in a beam-driven plasma blowout. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:035001. [PMID: 22400749 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.035001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration using low-ionization-threshold gas such as Li is combined with laser-controlled electron injection via ionization of high-ionization-threshold gas such as He. The He electrons are released with low transverse momentum in the focus of the copropagating, nonrelativistic-intensity laser pulse directly inside the accelerating or focusing phase of the Li blowout. This concept paves the way for the generation of sub-μm-size, ultralow-emittance, highly tunable electron bunches, thus enabling a flexible new class of an advanced free electron laser capable high-field accelerator.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hidding
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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31
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Pollock BB, Clayton CE, Ralph JE, Albert F, Davidson A, Divol L, Filip C, Glenzer SH, Herpoldt K, Lu W, Marsh KA, Meinecke J, Mori WB, Pak A, Rensink TC, Ross JS, Shaw J, Tynan GR, Joshi C, Froula DH. Demonstration of a narrow energy spread, ∼0.5 GeV electron beam from a two-stage laser wakefield accelerator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:045001. [PMID: 21867013 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.045001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Laser wakefield acceleration of electrons holds great promise for producing ultracompact stages of GeV scale, high-quality electron beams for applications such as x-ray free electron lasers and high-energy colliders. Ultrahigh intensity laser pulses can be self-guided by relativistic plasma waves (the wake) over tens of vacuum diffraction lengths, to give >1 GeV energy in centimeter-scale low density plasmas using ionization-induced injection to inject charge into the wake even at low densities. By restricting electron injection to a distinct short region, the injector stage, energetic electron beams (of the order of 100 MeV) with a relatively large energy spread are generated. Some of these electrons are then further accelerated by a second, longer accelerator stage, which increases their energy to ∼0.5 GeV while reducing the relative energy spread to <5% FWHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Pollock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
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32
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Vieira J, Martins SF, Pathak VB, Fonseca RA, Mori WB, Silva LO. Magnetic control of particle injection in plasma based accelerators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:225001. [PMID: 21702605 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.225001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The use of an external transverse magnetic field to trigger and to control electron self-injection in laser- and particle-beam driven wakefield accelerators is examined analytically and through full-scale particle-in-cell simulations. A magnetic field can relax the injection threshold and can be used to control main output beam features such as charge, energy, and transverse dynamics in the ion channel associated with the plasma blowout. It is shown that this mechanism could be studied using state-of-the-art magnetic fields in next generation plasma accelerator experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vieira
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear-Laboratório Associado, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal
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33
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Gholizadeh R, Katsouleas T, Muggli P, Huang C, Mori W. Preservation of beam emittance in the presence of ion motion in future high-energy plasma-wakefield-based colliders. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:155001. [PMID: 20481996 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.155001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The preservation of beam quality in a plasma wakefield accelerator driven by ultrahigh intensity and ultralow emittance beams, characteristic of future particle colliders, is a challenge. The electric field of these beams leads to plasma ions motion, resulting in a nonlinear focusing force and emittance growth of the beam. We propose to use an adiabatic matching section consisting of a short plasma section with a decreasing ion mass to allow for the beam to remain matched to the focusing force. We use analytical models and numerical simulations to show that the emittance growth can be significantly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gholizadeh
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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34
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Pak A, Marsh KA, Martins SF, Lu W, Mori WB, Joshi C. Injection and trapping of tunnel-ionized electrons into laser-produced wakes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:025003. [PMID: 20366604 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.025003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A method, which utilizes the large difference in ionization potentials between successive ionization states of trace atoms, for injecting electrons into a laser-driven wakefield is presented. Here a mixture of helium and trace amounts of nitrogen gas was used. Electrons from the K shell of nitrogen were tunnel ionized near the peak of the laser pulse and were injected into and trapped by the wake created by electrons from majority helium atoms and the L shell of nitrogen. The spectrum of the accelerated electrons, the threshold intensity at which trapping occurs, the forward transmitted laser spectrum, and the beam divergence are all consistent with this injection process. The experimental measurements are supported by theory and 3D OSIRIS simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pak
- Department of Electrical Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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35
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McGuffey C, Thomas AGR, Schumaker W, Matsuoka T, Chvykov V, Dollar FJ, Kalintchenko G, Yanovsky V, Maksimchuk A, Krushelnick K, Bychenkov VY, Glazyrin IV, Karpeev AV. Ionization induced trapping in a laser wakefield accelerator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:025004. [PMID: 20366605 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.025004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Experimental studies of electrons produced in a laser wakefield accelerator indicate trapping initiated by ionization of target gas atoms. Targets composed of helium and controlled amounts of various gases were found to increase the beam charge by as much as an order of magnitude compared to pure helium at the same electron density and decrease the beam divergence from 5.1+/-1.0 to 2.9+/-0.8 mrad. The measurements are supported by particle-in-cell modeling including ionization. This mechanism should allow generation of electron beams with lower emittance and higher charge than in preionized gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- C McGuffey
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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36
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Kostyukov I, Nerush E, Pukhov A, Seredov V. Electron self-injection in multidimensional relativistic-plasma wake fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:175003. [PMID: 19905767 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.175003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present an analytical model for electron self-injection in a nonlinear, multidimensional plasma wave excited by a short laser pulse in the bubble regime or by a short electron beam in the blowout regime. In these regimes, which are typical for electron acceleration, the laser radiation pressure or the electron beam charge pushes out background plasma electrons forming a plasma cavity--bubble--with a huge ion charge. The plasma electrons can be trapped in the bubble and accelerated by the plasma wakefields up to very high energies. The model predicts the condition for electron trapping and the trapping cross section in terms of the bubble radius and the bubble velocity. The obtained results are in a good agreement with results of 3D particle-in-cell simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kostyukov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Science, 46 Uljanov Street, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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37
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Rowlands-Rees TP, Kamperidis C, Kneip S, Gonsalves AJ, Mangles SPD, Gallacher JG, Brunetti E, Ibbotson T, Murphy CD, Foster PS, Streeter MJV, Budde F, Norreys PA, Jaroszynski DA, Krushelnick K, Najmudin Z, Hooker SM. Laser-driven acceleration of electrons in a partially ionized plasma channel. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:105005. [PMID: 18352199 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.105005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The generation of quasimonoenergetic electron beams, with energies up to 200 MeV, by a laser-plasma accelerator driven in a hydrogen-filled capillary discharge waveguide is investigated. Injection and acceleration of electrons is found to depend sensitively on the delay between the onset of the discharge current and the arrival of the laser pulse. A comparison of spectroscopic and interferometric measurements suggests that injection is assisted by laser ionization of atoms or ions within the channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Rowlands-Rees
- University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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