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Ugbogu EA, Schweizer LM, Schweizer M. Contribution of Model Organisms to Investigating the Far-Reaching Consequences of PRPP Metabolism on Human Health and Well-Being. Cells 2022; 11:1909. [PMID: 35741038 PMCID: PMC9221600 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase (PRS EC 2.7.6.1) is a rate-limiting enzyme that irreversibly catalyzes the formation of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) from ribose-5-phosphate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This key metabolite is required for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, the two aromatic amino acids histidine and tryptophan, the cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+), all of which are essential for various life processes. Despite its ubiquity and essential nature across the plant and animal kingdoms, PRPP synthetase displays species-specific characteristics regarding the number of gene copies and architecture permitting interaction with other areas of cellular metabolism. The impact of mutated PRS genes in the model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae on cell signalling and metabolism may be relevant to the human neuropathies associated with PRPS mutations. Human PRPS1 and PRPS2 gene products are implicated in drug resistance associated with recurrent acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and progression of colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. The investigation of PRPP metabolism in accepted model organisms, e.g., yeast and zebrafish, has the potential to reveal novel drug targets for treating at least some of the diseases, often characterized by overlapping symptoms, such as Arts syndrome and respiratory infections, and uncover the significance and relevance of human PRPS in disease diagnosis, management, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eziuche A. Ugbogu
- School of Life Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (E.A.U.); (L.M.S.)
| | - Lilian M. Schweizer
- School of Life Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (E.A.U.); (L.M.S.)
| | - Michael Schweizer
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics & Engineering (IB3), School of Engineering &Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
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2
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Fan Y, Qi J, Xiao X, Li H, Lan J, Huang Y, Yang J, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Tao J, Tang C. Transcript and Protein Profiling Provides Insights Into the Molecular Mechanisms of Harvesting-Induced Latex Production in Rubber Tree. Front Genet 2022; 13:756270. [PMID: 35222526 PMCID: PMC8869608 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.756270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural rubber, an important industrial raw material with wide applications, is harvested in the form of latex (cytoplasm of rubber-producing laticifers) from Hevea brasiliensis (para rubber tree) by the way of tapping. Conspicuous stimulation on latex production is observed for the first few tappings conducted on virgin (untapped before) or resting (tapped before but no tapping for a period) rubber trees. To understand the underlying mechanisms, an integrative analysis of the latex transcriptome and proteome was conducted on virgin or resting Hevea trees for the first five tappings. A total of 505 non-redundant differentially expressed (DE) transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) were identified by silver-staining cDNA-AFLP, with 217 exhibiting patterns of upregulated, 180 downregulated and 108 irregularly-regulated. Meanwhile, 117 two dimensional gel electrophoresis DE-protein spots were isolated and subjected to mass spectrometry analysis, with 89 and 57 being successfully identified by MALDI-TOF and MALDI-TOF/TOF, respectively. About 72.5% DE-TDFs and 76.1% DE-proteins were functionally annotated and categorized. Noteworthily, most of the DE-TDFs implicated in sugar transport and metabolism as well as rubber biosynthesis were upregulated by the tapping treatment. The importance of sugar metabolism in harvesting-induced latex production was reinforced by the identification of abundant relevant DE-protein spots. About 83.8% of the randomly selected DE-TDFs were validated for expression patterns by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and an 89.7% consistency for the 29 latex regeneration-related DE-TDFs examined by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. In brief, our results reveal extensive physiological and molecular changes in Hevea laticifers incurred by the tapping treatment, and the vast number of DE genes and proteins identified here contribute to unraveling the gene regulatory network of tapping-stimulated latex production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Fan
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiyan Qi
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaohu Xiao
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Heping Li
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jixian Lan
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yacheng Huang
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jianghua Yang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shengmin Zhang
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Chaorong Tang
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Chaorong Tang,
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Ajith SV, Nair NN, Sathik MBM, Meenakumari T. Breeding for low-temperature stress tolerance in Hevea brasiliensis: screening of newly developed clones using latex biochemical parameters. J RUBBER RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42464-021-00143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Habib MAH, Ismail MN. Hevea brasiliensis latex proteomics: a review of analytical methods and the way forward. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:43-53. [PMID: 33108557 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural rubber or latex from the Hevea brasiliensis is an important commodity in various economic sectors in today's modern society. Proteins have been detected in latex since the early twentieth century, and they are known to regulate various biological pathways within the H. brasiliensis trees such as the natural rubber biosynthesis, defence against pathogens, wound healing, and stress tolerance. However, the exact mechanisms of the pathways are still not clear. Proteomic analyses on latex have found various proteins and revealed how they fit into the mechanisms of the biological pathways. In the past three decades, there has been rapid latex protein identification due to the improvement of latex protein extraction methods, as well as the emergence of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS). In this manuscript, we reviewed the methods of latex protein extraction that keeps on improving over the past three decades as well as the results of numerous latex protein identification and quantitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Afiq Hazlami Habib
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nazri Ismail
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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5
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Sauvaget M, Hutton F, Coull R, Vavassori S, Wang K, Reznik A, Chyker T, Newfield CG, Euston E, Benary G, Schweizer LM, Schweizer M. The NHR1-1 of Prs1 and the pentameric motif 284KKCPK288 of Prs3 permit multi-functionality of the PRPP synthetase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 19:5288342. [PMID: 30649305 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The five-membered PRS gene family of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an example of gene duplication allowing the acquisition of novel functions. Each of the five Prs polypeptides is theoretically capable of synthesising PRPP but at least one of the following heterodimers is required for survival: Prs1/Prs3, Prs2/Prs5 and Prs4/Prs5. Prs3 contains a pentameric motif 284KKCPK288 found only in nuclear proteins. Deletion of 284KKCPK288 destabilises the Prs1/Prs3 complex resulting in a cascade of events, including reduction in PRPP synthetase activity and altered cell wall integrity (CWI) as measured by caffeine sensitivity and Rlm1 expression. Prs3 also interacts with the kinetochore-associated protein, Nuf2. Following the possibility of 284KKCPK288-mediated transport of the Prs1/Prs3 complex to the nucleus, it may interact with Nuf2 and phosphorylated Slt2 permitting activation of Rlm1. This scenario explains the breakdown of CWI encountered in mutants lacking PRS3 or deleted for 284KKCPK288. However, removal of NHR1-1 from Prs1 does not disrupt the Prs1/Prs3 interaction as shown by increased PRPP synthetase activity. This is evidence for the separation of the two metabolic functions of the PRPP-synthesising machinery: provision of PRPP and maintenance of CWI and is an example of evolutionary development when multiple copies of a gene were present in the ancestral organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Sauvaget
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics & Bioengineering (IB3), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Fraser Hutton
- Institute of Life & Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure & Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Robert Coull
- Institute of Life & Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure & Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Stefano Vavassori
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics & Bioengineering (IB3), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Aleksandra Reznik
- School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Tatsiana Chyker
- School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Chelsea G Newfield
- Institute of Life & Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure & Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Eloise Euston
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics & Bioengineering (IB3), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Gerrit Benary
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics & Bioengineering (IB3), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Lilian M Schweizer
- School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Michael Schweizer
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics & Bioengineering (IB3), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
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6
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Yu H, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Lu Y, He H, Zheng F, Wang M. Identification of a Ribose-Phosphate Pyrophosphokinase that Can Interact In Vivo with the Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040617. [PMID: 28358323 PMCID: PMC5412264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Phospho-d-ribosyl-1-diphosphate (PRPP) synthase (PRS) catalyzes the biosynthesis of PRPP, which is an important compound of metabolism in most organisms. However, no PRS genes have been cloned, let alone studied for their biological function in rubber tree. In this study, we identify a novel protein (PRS4) that interacts in vivo with rubber tree anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) subunit 10 (HbAPC10) by yeast two-hybrid assays. PRS4 has been cloned from rubber tree and named as HbPRS4. Blastp search in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana showed that HbPRS4 shared the highest similarity with AtPRS4, with 80.71% identity. qRT-PCR was used to determine the expression of HbPRS4 in different tissues and under various treatments. HbPRS4 was preferentially expressed in the bark. Moreover, the expression level of HbPRS4 was significantly induced by the proteasome inhibitor MG132 treatment, suggesting it might be regulated by the ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway. The amount of HbPRS4 transcript was obviously decreased after mechanical wounding and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments, while a slight increase was observed at 24 h after ABA treatment. HbPRS4 transcript in the latex was significantly upregulated by ethephon (ET) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatments. These results suggested that HbPRS4 may be a specific substrate of HbAPC10 indirectly regulating natural rubber biosynthesis in rubber tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Yanxi Lu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Haixia He
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Fucong Zheng
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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7
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Tang C, Yang M, Fang Y, Luo Y, Gao S, Xiao X, An Z, Zhou B, Zhang B, Tan X, Yeang HY, Qin Y, Yang J, Lin Q, Mei H, Montoro P, Long X, Qi J, Hua Y, He Z, Sun M, Li W, Zeng X, Cheng H, Liu Y, Yang J, Tian W, Zhuang N, Zeng R, Li D, He P, Li Z, Zou Z, Li S, Li C, Wang J, Wei D, Lai CQ, Luo W, Yu J, Hu S, Huang H. The rubber tree genome reveals new insights into rubber production and species adaptation. NATURE PLANTS 2016; 2:16073. [PMID: 27255837 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2016.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The Para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is an economically important tropical tree species that produces natural rubber, an essential industrial raw material. Here we present a high-quality genome assembly of this species (1.37 Gb, scaffold N50 = 1.28 Mb) that covers 93.8% of the genome (1.47 Gb) and harbours 43,792 predicted protein-coding genes. A striking expansion of the REF/SRPP (rubber elongation factor/small rubber particle protein) gene family and its divergence into several laticifer-specific isoforms seem crucial for rubber biosynthesis. The REF/SRPP family has isoforms with sizes similar to or larger than SRPP1 (204 amino acids) in 17 other plants examined, but no isoforms with similar sizes to REF1 (138 amino acids), the predominant molecular variant. A pivotal point in Hevea evolution was the emergence of REF1, which is located on the surface of large rubber particles that account for 93% of rubber in the latex (despite constituting only 6% of total rubber particles, large and small). The stringent control of ethylene synthesis under active ethylene signalling and response in laticifers resolves a longstanding mystery of ethylene stimulation in rubber production. Our study, which includes the re-sequencing of five other Hevea cultivars and extensive RNA-seq data, provides a valuable resource for functional genomics and tools for breeding elite Hevea cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaorong Tang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Meng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Fang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Yingfeng Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shenghan Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaohu Xiao
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Zewei An
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Binhui Zhou
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China
- College of Agronomy, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xinyu Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | | | - Yunxia Qin
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Jianghua Yang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hailiang Mei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiangyu Long
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Jiyan Qi
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Yuwei Hua
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Zilong He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Sun
- Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xia Zeng
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Han Cheng
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weimin Tian
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Nansheng Zhuang
- College of Agronomy, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Rizhong Zeng
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Dejun Li
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Peng He
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Zhi Zou
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Shuangli Li
- Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chenji Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jixiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dong Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chao-Qiang Lai
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Massachusetts 02111, USA
| | - Wei Luo
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Jun Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Songnian Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huasun Huang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China
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8
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Liu JP, Zhuang YF, Guo XL, Li YJ. Molecular mechanism of ethylene stimulation of latex yield in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) revealed by de novo sequencing and transcriptome analysis. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:257. [PMID: 27008913 PMCID: PMC4806457 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is an important industrial crop cultivated in tropical areas for natural rubber production. Treatment of the bark of rubber trees with ehephon (an ethylene releaser) has been a routine measure to increase latex yield, but the molecular mechanism behind the stimulation of rubber production by ethylene still remains a puzzle. Deciphering the enigma is of great importance for improvement of rubber tree for high yield. Results De novo sequencing and assembly of the bark transciptomes of Hevea brasiliensis induced with ethephon for 8 h (E8) and 24 h (E24) were performed. 51,965,770, 52,303,714 and 53,177,976 high-quality clean reads from E8, E24 and C (control) samples were assembled into 81,335, 80,048 and 80,800 unigenes respectively, with a total of 84,425 unigenes and an average length of 1,101 bp generated. 10,216 and 9,374 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in E8 and E24 compared with C were respectively detected. The expression of several enzymes in crucial points of regulation in glycolysis were up-regulated and DEGs were not significantly enriched in isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) biosynthesis pathway. In addition, up-regulated genes of great regulatory importance in carbon fixation (Calvin cycle) were identified. Conclusions The rapid acceleration of glycolytic pathway supplying precursors for the biosynthesis of IPP and natural rubber, instead of rubber biosynthesis per se, may be responsible for ethylene stimulation of latex yield in rubber tree. The elevated rate of flux throughout the Calvin cycle may account for some durability of ethylene-induced stimulation. Our finding lays the foundations for molecular diagnostic and genetic engineering for high-yielding improvement of rubber tree. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2587-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ping Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agronomy, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228, P. R. China.
| | - Yu-Fen Zhuang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agronomy, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Li Guo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agronomy, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Jian Li
- Service Center of Science and Technology, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan Province, 571737, P. R. China
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9
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Nie Z, Kang G, Duan C, Li Y, Dai L, Zeng R. Profiling Ethylene-Responsive Genes Expressed in the Latex of the Mature Virgin Rubber Trees Using cDNA Microarray. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152039. [PMID: 26985821 PMCID: PMC4795647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene is commonly used as a latex stimulant of Hevea brasiliensis by application of ethephon (chloro-2-ethylphosphonic acid); however, the molecular mechanism by which ethylene increases latex production is not clear. To better understand the effects of ethylene stimulation on the laticiferous cells of rubber trees, a latex expressed sequence tag (EST)-based complementary DNA microarray containing 2,973 unique genes (probes) was first developed and used to analyze the gene expression changes in the latex of the mature virgin rubber trees after ethephon treatment at three different time-points: 8, 24 and 48 h. Transcript levels of 163 genes were significantly altered with fold-change values ≥ 2 or ≤ –2 (q-value < 0.05) in ethephon-treated rubber trees compared with control trees. Of the 163 genes, 92 were up-regulated and 71 down-regulated. The microarray results were further confirmed using real-time quantitative reverse transcript-PCR for 20 selected genes. The 163 ethylene-responsive genes were involved in several biological processes including organic substance metabolism, cellular metabolism, primary metabolism, biosynthetic process, cellular response to stimulus and stress. The presented data suggest that the laticifer water circulation, production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species, sugar metabolism, and assembly and depolymerization of the latex actin cytoskeleton might play important roles in ethylene-induced increase of latex production. The results may provide useful insights into understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of ethylene on latex metabolism of H. brasiliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Nie
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou, Hainan, China
| | - Guijuan Kang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou, Hainan, China
| | - Cuifang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou, Hainan, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou, Hainan, China
| | - Longjun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou, Hainan, China
| | - Rizhong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou, Hainan, China
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Wang X, Wang D, Sun Y, Yang Q, Chang L, Wang L, Meng X, Huang Q, Jin X, Tong Z. Comprehensive Proteomics Analysis of Laticifer Latex Reveals New Insights into Ethylene Stimulation of Natural Rubber Production. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13778. [PMID: 26348427 PMCID: PMC4562231 DOI: 10.1038/srep13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene is a stimulant to increase natural rubber latex. After ethylene application, both fresh yield and dry matter of latex are substantially improved. Moreover, we found that ethylene improves the generation of small rubber particles. However, most genes involved in rubber biosynthesis are inhibited by exogenous ethylene. Therefore, we conducted a proteomics analysis of ethylene-stimulated rubber latex, and identified 287 abundant proteins as well as 143 ethylene responsive latex proteins (ERLPs) with mass spectrometry from the 2-DE and DIGE gels, respectively. In addition, more than 1,600 proteins, including 404 ERLPs, were identified by iTRAQ. Functional classification of ERLPs revealed that enzymes involved in post-translational modification, carbohydrate metabolism, hydrolase activity, and kinase activity were overrepresented. Some enzymes for rubber particle aggregation were inhibited to prolong latex flow, and thus finally improved latex production. Phosphoproteomics analysis identified 59 differential phosphoproteins; notably, specific isoforms of rubber elongation factor and small rubber particle protein that were phosphorylated mainly at serine residues. This post-translational modification and isoform-specific phosphorylation might be important for ethylene-stimulated latex production. These results not only deepen our understanding of the rubber latex proteome but also provide new insights into the use of ethylene to stimulate rubber latex production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou Hainan 571101, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou Hainan 571101, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou Hainan 571101, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou Hainan 571101, China
| | - Lili Chang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou Hainan 571101, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou Hainan 571101, China
| | - Xueru Meng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou Hainan 571101, China
| | - Qixing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou Hainan 571101, China
| | - Xiang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou Hainan 571101, China
| | - Zheng Tong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou Hainan 571101, China
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Chao J, Chen Y, Wu S, Tian WM. Comparative transcriptome analysis of latex from rubber tree clone CATAS8-79 and PR107 reveals new cues for the regulation of latex regeneration and duration of latex flow. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:104. [PMID: 25928745 PMCID: PMC4410575 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) is the primarily commercial source of natural rubber in the world. Latex regeneration and duration of latex flow after tapping are the two factors that determine rubber yield of rubber tree, and exhibit a huge variation between rubber tree clones CATAS8-79 and PR107. RESULTS To dissect the molecular mechanism for the regulation of latex regeneration and duration of latex flow, we sequenced and comparatively analyzed latex of rubber tree clone CATAS8-79 and PR107 at transriptome level. More than 26 million clean reads were generated in each pool and 51,829 all-unigenes were totally assembled. A total of 6,726 unigenes with differential expression patterns were detected between CATAS8-79 and PR107. Functional analysis showed that genes related to mass of categories were differentially enriched between the two clones. Expression pattern of genes which were involved in latex regeneration and duration of latex flow upon successive tapping was analyzed by quantitative PCR. Several genes related to rubber biosynthesis, cellulose and lignin biosynthesis and rubber particle aggregation were differentially expressed between CATAS8-79 and PR107. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report about probing latex regeneration and duration of latex flow by comparative transcriptome analysis. Among all the suggested factors, it is more important that the level of endogenous jasmonates, carbohydrate metabolism, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) and Hevea rubber transferase (HRT) in mevalonate (MVA) parthway for latex regeneration while the level of endogenous ethylene (ETH), lignin content of laticifer cell wall, antioxidants and glucanases for the duration of latex flow. These data will provide new cues for understanding the molecular mechanism for the regulation of latex regeneration and duration of latex flow in rubber tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Chao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/ State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, PR China.
| | - Yueyi Chen
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/ State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, PR China.
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/ State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, PR China.
| | - Wei-Min Tian
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/ State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, PR China.
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12
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Zhiyi N, Guijuan K, Yu L, Longjun D, Rizhong Z. Whole-transcriptome survey of the putative ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family genes in the latex-producing laticifers of Hevea brasiliensis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116857. [PMID: 25615936 PMCID: PMC4304824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins or transporters constitute a large protein family in plants and are involved in many different cellular functions and processes, including solute transportation, channel regulation and molecular switches, etc. Through transcriptome sequencing, a transcriptome-wide survey and expression analysis of the ABC protein genes were carried out using the laticiferous latex from Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree). A total of 46 putative ABC family proteins were identified in the H. brasiliensis latex. These consisted of 12 ‘full-size’, 21 ‘half-size’ and 13 other putative ABC proteins, and all of them showed strong conservation with their Arabidopsis thaliana counterparts. This study indicated that all eight plant ABC protein paralog subfamilies were identified in the H. brasiliensis latex, of which ABCB, ABCG and ABCI were the most abundant. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays demonstrated that gene expression of several latex ABC proteins was regulated by ethylene, jasmonic acid or bark tapping (a wound stress) stimulation, and that HbABCB15, HbABCB19, HbABCD1 and HbABCG21 responded most significantly of all to the abiotic stresses. The identification and expression analysis of the latex ABC family proteins could facilitate further investigation into their physiological involvement in latex metabolism and rubber biosynthesis by H. brasiliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nie Zhiyi
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture & Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
| | - Kang Guijuan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture & Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
| | - Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture & Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
| | - Dai Longjun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture & Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
| | - Zeng Rizhong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture & Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
- * E-mail:
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Wang X, Shi M, Wang D, Chen Y, Cai F, Zhang S, Wang L, Tong Z, Tian WM. Comparative proteomics of primary and secondary lutoids reveals that chitinase and glucanase play a crucial combined role in rubber particle aggregation in Hevea brasiliensis. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:5146-59. [PMID: 23991906 DOI: 10.1021/pr400378c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lutoids are specific vacuole-based organelles within the latex-producing laticifers in rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis. Primary and secondary lutoids are found in the primary and secondary laticifers, respectively. Although both lutoid types perform similar roles in rubber particle aggregation (RPA) and latex coagulation, they vary greatly at the morphological and proteomic levels. To compare the differential proteins and determine the shared proteins of the two lutoid types, a proteomic analysis of lutoid membranes and inclusions was performed, revealing 169 proteins that were functionally classified into 14 families. Biological function analysis revealed that most of the proteins are involved in pathogen defense, chitin catabolism, and proton transport. Comparison of the gene and protein changed patterns and determination of the specific roles of several main lutoid proteins, such as glucanase, hevamine, and hevein, demonstrated that Chitinase and glucanase appeared to play crucial synergistic roles in RPA. Integrative analysis revealed a protein-based metabolic network mediating pH and ion homeostasis, defense response, and RPA in lutoids. From these findings, we developed a modified regulation model for lutoid-mediated RPA that will deepen our understanding of potential mechanisms involved in lutoid-mediated RPA and consequent latex coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchu Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Danzhou Hainan 571737, P. R. China
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Tungngoen K, Kongsawadworakul P, Viboonjun U, Katsuhara M, Brunel N, Sakr S, Narangajavana J, Chrestin H. Involvement of HbPIP2;1 and HbTIP1;1 aquaporins in ethylene stimulation of latex yield through regulation of water exchanges between inner liber and latex cells in Hevea brasiliensis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 151:843-56. [PMID: 19656906 PMCID: PMC2754619 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.140228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Natural rubber is synthesized in specialized articulated cells (laticifers) located in the inner liber of Hevea brasiliensis. Upon bark tapping, the laticifer cytoplasm (latex) is expelled due to liber tissue turgor pressure. In mature virgin (untapped) trees, short-term kinetic studies confirmed that ethylene, the rubber yield stimulant used worldwide, increased latex yield, with a concomitant decrease in latex total solid content, probably through water influx in the laticifers. As the mature laticifers are devoid of plasmodesmata, the rapid water exchanges with surrounding liber cells probably occur via the aquaporin pathway. Two full-length aquaporin cDNAs (HbPIP2;1 and HbTIP1;1, for plasma membrane intrinsic protein and tonoplast intrinsic protein, respectively) were cloned and characterized. The higher efficiency of HbPIP2;1 than HbTIP1;1 in increasing plasmalemma water conductance was verified in Xenopus laevis oocytes. HbPIP2;1 was insensitive to HgCl(2). In situ hybridization demonstrated that HbPIP2;1 was expressed in all liber tissues in the young stem, including the laticifers. HbPIP2;1 was up-regulated in both liber tissues and laticifers, whereas HbTIP1;1 was down-regulated in liber tissues but up-regulated in laticifers in response to bark Ethrel treatment. Ethylene-induced HbPIP2;1 up-regulation was confirmed by western-blot analysis. The promoter sequences of both genes were cloned and found to harbor, among many others, ethylene-responsive and other chemical-responsive (auxin, copper, and sulfur) elements known to increase latex yield. Increase in latex yield in response to ethylene was emphasized to be linked with water circulation between the laticifers and their surrounding tissues as well as with the probable maintenance of liber tissue turgor, which together favor prolongation of latex flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kessarin Tungngoen
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Dusotoit-Coucaud A, Brunel N, Kongsawadworakul P, Viboonjun U, Lacointe A, Julien JL, Chrestin H, Sakr S. Sucrose importation into laticifers of Hevea brasiliensis, in relation to ethylene stimulation of latex production. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2009; 104:635-47. [PMID: 19567416 PMCID: PMC2729633 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcp150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The major economic product of Hevea brasiliensis is a rubber-containing cytoplasm (latex), which flows out of laticifers (latex cells) when the bark is tapped. The latex yield is stimulated by ethylene. Sucrose, the unique precursor of rubber synthesis, must cross the plasma membrane through specific sucrose transporters before being metabolized in the laticifers. The relative importance of sucrose transporters in determining latex yield is unknown. Here, the effects of ethylene (by application of Ethrel on sucrose transporter gene expression in the inner bark tissues and latex cells of H. brasiliensis are described. METHODS Experiments, including cloning sucrose transporters, real time RT-PCR and in situ hybridization, were carried out on virgin (untapped) trees, treated or untreated with the latex yield stimulant Ethrel. KEY RESULTS Seven putative full-length cDNAs of sucrose transporters were cloned from a latex-specific cDNA library. These transporters belong to all SUT (sucrose transporter) groups and differ by their basal gene expression in latex and inner soft bark, with a predominance of HbSUT1A and HbSUT1B. Of these sucrose transporters, only HbSUT1A and HbSUT2A were distinctly increased by ethylene. Moreover, this increase was shown to be specific to laticifers and to ethylene application. CONCLUSION The data and all previous information on sucrose transport show that HbSUT1A and HbSUT2A are related to the increase in sucrose import into laticifers, required for the stimulation of latex yield by ethylene in virgin trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Dusotoit-Coucaud
- UMR 547 PIAF, INRA, Université Blaise Pascal, 24 avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Nicole Brunel
- UMR 547 PIAF, INRA, Université Blaise Pascal, 24 avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Panida Kongsawadworakul
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Unchera Viboonjun
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - André Lacointe
- UMR 547 PIAF, INRA, Université Blaise Pascal, 24 avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Louis Julien
- UMR 547 PIAF, INRA, Université Blaise Pascal, 24 avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Hervé Chrestin
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), UR 060 CLIFA/CEFE-CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, F34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Soulaïman Sakr
- UMR 547 PIAF, INRA, Université Blaise Pascal, 24 avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, Centre d'Angers, UMR SAGAH, IFR QUASAV 149, 2 rue le Nôtre, 49045 Angers Cedex, France
- For correspondence. E-mail
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Priya P, Venkatachalam P, Thulaseedharan A. Differential expression pattern of rubber elongation factor (REF) mRNA transcripts from high and low yielding clones of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2007; 26:1833-8. [PMID: 17632724 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-007-0402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Revised: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 06/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In Hevea tree, rubber elongation factor (REF) is a key gene involved in rubber biosynthesis. Since the immaturity period for Hevea is 6 years, identification of molecular marker for latex yield potential will be beneficial for early selection of high yielding clones. The main objective of this research is to study the expression pattern of the REF gene in contrasting latex yield rubber clones (high and low yielding) by Northern blot as well as RT-PCR analysis. Accumulation of REF mRNA transcripts was significantly higher in latex cells compared to other cells of seedlings and mature Hevea trees. Northern results revealed that the level of REF gene expression in latex cells of high yielding rubber clones was significantly higher than in low yielders. According to RT-PCR results, the abundance of REF mRNA transcripts in latex cells was fivefold higher in the RRII105 clone, one of the most high yielding rubber clones. It is evident from the results that both tapping and ethephon treatment had a direct effect on induction of REF gene expression. Results demonstrate a positive correlation between REF gene expression pattern and latex yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Priya
- Biotechnology Division, Rubber Research Institute of India, Kottayam 686009, India
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Gallois R, Prevot JC, Clement A, Jacob JL. Purification and Characterization of Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate Synthetase from Rubber Tree Latex. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1997; 115:847-852. [PMID: 12223847 PMCID: PMC158545 DOI: 10.1104/pp.115.2.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase (PRS; EC 2.7.6.1) from Hevea brasiliensis Mull. Arg. latex was located in the cytosol. After purification, its apparent molecular weight under nondenaturing conditions was estimated at 200,000 [plus or minus] 10,000; a single band at 57,000 [plus or minus] 3,000 was detected after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme seemed to be a homotetramer. Its affinity constants were estimated at 200 [plus or minus] 30 [mu]M for adenosine triphosphate and 40 [plus or minus] 2 [mu]M for ribose-5-phosphate. The purified enzyme proved to be functional in a paraphysiological medium (cytosol deproteinized by ultrafiltration). Optimum pH was 7.5 in buffer and 6.5 in a paraphysiological medium. No PRS activity was detected in the absence of the Mg2+ ion. Of the numerous compounds tested, only Mn2+, phosphoribosylpyrophosphate, and inorganic phosphate affected the enzymatic reaction. Mn2+ (inhibitor constant = 20 [mu]M) and phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (inhibitor constant = 30 [mu]M) were inhibitors. PRS responded allosterically (Hill's coefficient = 2.3) to ribulose-5-phosphate in the presence of a physiological concentration of inorganic phosphate (10 mM). These results are set in the physiological context of laticifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Gallois
- Laboratoire d'Agrophysiologie du Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche, Agronomique pour le Developpement-Cultures Perennes, BP 5035, 34032, Montpellier cedex 1, France
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d’Auzac J, Bouteau F, Chrestin H, Clément A, Jacob JL, Lacrotte R, Prévot JC, Pujade-Renaud V, Rona JP. Stress Ethylene in Hevea Brasiliensis: Physiological, Cellular and Molecular Aspects. CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF THE PLANT HORMONE ETHYLENE 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1003-9_47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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