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Huber M. Latex - a potential plant defense against microbes. Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:224-227. [PMID: 38220579 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Laticifers - among the most common defensive reservoirs in plants - are hypothesized to benefit plant fitness by preventing microbes from entering wounds. I argue that while latex seals wounds, and can suppress microbial growth, direct evidence that these processes benefit plant fitness is scarce. I outline a roadmap for filling this knowledge gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meret Huber
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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2
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Guimarães Veloso D, de Freitas Mansano V, Pádua Teixeira S, Alcantara de Oliveira C, Baratto LC, Almeida Rodrigues I, Villela Paulino J. Unveiling foliar secreting sites and secretion composition in the legume tree Swartzia flaemingii Raddi. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301616. [PMID: 38161186 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Secretory structures in plants play a crucial role in producing bioactive compounds. Despite the potential of the Swartzia genus, comprehensive studies in this context are still scarce. Swartzia is a legume tree (Fabaceae) that occurs in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, a biodiversity hotspot, and includes species such as Swartzia flaemingii. Therefore, we aim to achieve: (1) identify and characterize the key secretory sites responsible for saponin production in S. flaemingii leaflets; (2) confirm the presence of saponins in S. flaemingii leaves by comparing them with known chemical profiles of other Swartzia species; (3) assess the potential hemolytic and cytotoxic effects of crude leaf extracts. Our investigation unveils the presence of phenolic idioblasts, mucilage cells, and articulate laticifers, which play pivotal roles in defense and adaptation. Notably, we report the first-ever ultrastructural details of laticifers in a legume species. Additionally, oleanane-type saponins were identified in the leaves, giving insights into the chemotaxonomic profile of Swartzia. The crude extracts show low cytotoxicity levels, showcasing as a promising alternative source of saponins. This investigation reinforces the importance of conserving plants in threatened regions like the Atlantic Forest, a global biodiversity hotspot facing substantial anthropogenic pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton Guimarães Veloso
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Vidal de Freitas Mansano
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, DIPEQ, Rua Pacheco Leão 915, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Simone Pádua Teixeira
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café, s/n., Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Carolina Alcantara de Oliveira
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Leopoldo C Baratto
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Igor Almeida Rodrigues
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Juliana Villela Paulino
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
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3
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Syahruni R, Umar AH, Todingbua D, Semba Y, Irmawati D, Ratnadewi D. Morphology, anatomy, and histochemistry of three species of Jatropha: a contribution to plant recognition and selection. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2023; 25:1009-1021. [PMID: 37615257 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Jatropha, a traditional medicinal plant known for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral, antidiabetic, and anticoagulant properties, was the subject of our study. We examined the morphology and chemical composition of three Jatropha species using cross- and longitudinal sections of fresh samples, observed with light microscopy. Histochemical analysis was conducted using various reagents to reveal the metabolites present. Anatomically, the distinguishing feature among the three Jatropha species was the presence of secretory cavities. These structures were identified in the petiole and stem bark of J. multifida, while in J. gossypiifolia and J. curcas they were present in roots. The stem bark cells of J. gossypiifolia were roundish in shape, whereas the others were rectangular. Laticifers were detected in the leaves, petioles, and stem bark of all three Jatropha species, while idioblasts were present in almost all organs. Histochemical tests revealed that excretory idioblasts and laticifers in Jatropha species contained alkaloids, phenolics, lipophilic compounds, and terpenoids. The cuticle of non-glandular trichomes contained terpenoids, while phenolic compounds were found within the secretory cavities. These findings contribute to the identification of Jatropha species and provide valuable insights for the selection and collection of specific plant organs containing bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Syahruni
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Makassar (Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar), Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - A H Umar
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Makassar (Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar), Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - D Todingbua
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Makassar (Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar), Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Y Semba
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Makassar (Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar), Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - D Irmawati
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Makassar (Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar), Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - D Ratnadewi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
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4
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Medina MC, Sousa-Baena MS, Van Sluys MA, Demarco D. Corrigendum: Laticifer growth pattern is guided by cytoskeleton organization. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1198197. [PMID: 37426986 PMCID: PMC10324028 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1198197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.971235.].
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Diego Demarco
- *Correspondence: Maria Camila Medina, ; Diego Demarco,
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Zhou B, Fang Y, Xiao X, Yang J, Qi J, Qi Q, Fan Y, Tang C. Trehalose 6-Phosphate/SnRK1 Signaling Participates in Harvesting-Stimulated Rubber Production in the Hevea Tree. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2879. [PMID: 36365332 PMCID: PMC9655858 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P), the intermediate of trehalose biosynthesis and a signaling molecule, affects crop yield via targeting sucrose allocation and utilization. As there have been no reports of T6P signaling affecting secondary metabolism in a crop plant, the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis serves as an ideal model in this regard. Sucrose metabolism critically influences the productivity of natural rubber, a secondary metabolite of industrial importance. Here, we report on the characterization of the T6P synthase (TPS) gene family and the T6P/SNF1-related protein kinase1 (T6P/SnRK1) signaling components in Hevea laticifers under tapping (rubber harvesting), an agronomic manipulation that itself stimulates rubber production. A total of fourteen TPS genes were identified, among which a class II TPS gene, HbTPS5, seemed to have evolved with a function specialized in laticifers. T6P and trehalose increased when the trees were tapped, this being consistent with the observed enhanced activities of TPS and T6P phosphatase (TPP) and expression of an active TPS-encoding gene, HbTPS1. On the other hand, SnRK1 activities decreased, suggesting the inhibition of elevated T6P on SnRK1. Expression profiles of the SnRK1 marker genes coincided with elevated T6P and depressed SnRK1. Interestingly, HbTPS5 expression decreased significantly with the onset of tapping, suggesting a regulatory function in the T6P pathway associated with latex production in laticifers. In brief, transcriptional, enzymatic, and metabolic evidence supports the participation of T6P/SnRK1 signaling in rubber formation, thus providing a possible avenue to increasing the yield of a valuable secondary metabolite by targeting T6P in specific cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhui Zhou
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yongjun Fang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xiaohu Xiao
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jianghua Yang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jiyan Qi
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Haikou 570228, China
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Qi Qi
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yujie Fan
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Chaorong Tang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Haikou 570228, China
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
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6
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Medina MC, Sousa-Baena MS, Van Sluys MA, Demarco D. Laticifer growth pattern is guided by cytoskeleton organization. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:971235. [PMID: 36262651 PMCID: PMC9574190 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.971235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Laticifers are secretory structures that produce latex, forming a specialized defense system against herbivory. Studies using anatomical approaches to investigate laticifer growth patterns have described their origin; however, their mode of growth, i.e., whether growth is intrusive or diffuse, remains unclear. Studies investigating how cytoskeleton filaments may influence laticifer shape establishment and growth patterns are lacking. In this study, we combined microtubule immunostaining and developmental anatomy to investigate the growth patterns in different types of laticifers. Standard anatomical methods were used to study laticifer development. Microtubules were labelled through immunolocalization of α-tubulin in three types of laticifers from three different plant species: nonanastomosing (Urvillea ulmacea), anastomosing unbranched with partial degradation of terminal cell walls (Ipomoea nil), and anastomosing branched laticifers with early and complete degradation of terminal cell walls (Asclepias curassavica). In both nonanastomosing and anastomosing laticifers, as well as in differentiating meristematic cells, parenchyma cells and idioblasts, microtubules were perpendicularly aligned to the cell growth axis. The analyses of laticifer microtubule orientation revealed an arrangement that corresponds to those cells that grow diffusely within the plant body. Nonanastomosing and anastomosing laticifers, branched or not, have a pattern which indicates diffuse growth. This innovative study on secretory structures represents a major advance in the knowledge of laticifers and their growth mode.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Diego Demarco
- *Correspondence: Maria Camila Medina, ; Diego Demarco,
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Jucá TL, Ramos MV, Cilli EM, Neto AEV, Mackessy SP, Monteiro-Moreira ACO. Insights on the inhibition properties of Jatromollistatin (a cyclic heptapeptide) against Crotalus adamanteus metalloendopeptidase using molecular docking analysis. J Mol Recognit 2022; 35:e2957. [PMID: 35218251 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Jatropha mollissima is endemic to Brazil and is used for traditional medicinal purposes, including the treatment of snakebite. In this study, latex obtained from this plant was fractioned using reversed-phase chromatography, and the fractions were then screened for peptides. A 755 Da peptide was obtained, and MS/MS analyses indicated it had a cyclic sequence (Pro-Leu-Gly-Val-Leu-Leu-Tyr). This peptide sequence was present in the Jatropha genome database, and an identity value of 90.71%, an E-value of 0.0 and a score of 883 with NO-associated protein 1/chloroplastic/mitochondria of Jatropha curcas were obtained from the NCBI non-redundant protein sequence (nr) database. Molecular docking analyses performed with the peptide against a metalloendopeptidase belonging to Crotalus adamanteus snake venom suggested the cyclic peptide establishes favorable interactions with the catalytic site of the enzyme. Therefore, it could inhibit enzyme catalysis. This belief was corroborated by the formation of 6 hydrogen bonds with the linear form of the peptide. Tighter complexation of the cyclic form (41 kcal/mol more energetic) revealed better spatial blocking. The linear form outperformed the cyclic form in complexing the required energy, recruiting more catalytic residues (6/2), and in establishing more hydrogen bonds (6/3). However, cyclic folding provided a more significant spatial block within the catalytic site. The set of results suggests that the cycle peptide, here called Jatromollistatin, which was previously described as jatrophidin and pohlianin A in two other species of Jatropha, is a promising candidate to inhibit venom proteases. This belief is corroborated by the topical use of the latex for initial treatment of snakebites. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Lustosa Jucá
- Experimental Biology Centre (NUBEX), University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Márcio Viana Ramos
- Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil, CEP
| | - Eduardo Maffud Cilli
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Stephen P Mackessy
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, 501 20th St., CB 92, Greeley, Colorado
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Medina MC, Sousa-Baena MS, Prado E, Acevedo-Rodríguez P, Dias P, Demarco D. Corrigendum: Laticifers in Sapindaceae: Structure, Evolution and Phylogenetic Importance. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:669585. [PMID: 33777088 PMCID: PMC7988220 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.669585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.612985.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camila Medina
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariane S. Sousa-Baena
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika Prado
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Pedro Dias
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades – EACH Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Demarco
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Medina MC, Sousa-Baena MS, Prado E, Acevedo-Rodríguez P, Dias P, Demarco D. Laticifers in Sapindaceae: Structure, Evolution and Phylogenetic Importance. Front Plant Sci 2021; 11:612985. [PMID: 33537047 PMCID: PMC7849378 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.612985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Laticifer occurrence and structure are poorly known in Sapindaceae. Occurrence is likely underestimated owing to the low production of latex in most species. We investigated 67 species from 23 genera of Sapindaceae to verify laticifer occurrence and their structural, developmental and chemical features, as well as their evolutionary history in the family. Shoots were collected from herbarium and fresh specimens for histological analyses. Three characters derived from laticifer features were coded and their ancestral states reconstructed through Bayesian stochastic mapping and maximum likelihood estimation. Only articulated non-anastomosing laticifers were found in Sapindaceae. Laticifers differentiate early during shoot development and are found in the cortex, phloem, and pith. Latex is mostly composed of lipids. Callose and suberin were detected in laticifer cell walls in some genera. Reconstruction of laticifer ancestral states showed that laticifers are present in most clades of Sapindaceae with some reversals. Callose in the laticifer cell wall was found exclusively in Serjania and Paullinia (tribe Paullinieae), a character regarded as independently derived. Occurrence of laticifers in Sapindaceae is broader than previously reported. Articulated non-anastomosing laticifers had five independent origins in Sapindaceae with some secondary losses, occurring in five out of six genera of Paullinieae and 10 other genera outside Paullinieae. Particularly, callose in the laticifer cell wall evolved independently twice in the family, and its occurrence may be interpreted as a key-innovation that promoted the diversification of Paullinia and Serjania. Our study suggests that laticifer characters may be useful in understanding the generic relationships within the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camila Medina
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariane S. Sousa-Baena
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika Prado
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Pedro Dias
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades – EACH Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Demarco
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Isnard S, L’Huillier L, Paul ALD, Munzinger J, Fogliani B, Echevarria G, Erskine PD, Gei V, Jaffré T, van der Ent A. Novel Insights Into the Hyperaccumulation Syndrome in Pycnandra (Sapotaceae). Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:559059. [PMID: 33013977 PMCID: PMC7509057 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.559059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of nickel hyperaccumulation, in Pycnandra acuminata, was the start of a global quest in this fascinating phenomenon. Despite recent advances in the physiology and molecular genetics of hyperaccumulation, the mechanisms and tolerance of Ni accumulation in the most extreme example reported to date, P. acuminata, remains enigmatic. We conducted a hydroponic experiment to establish Ni tolerance levels and translocation patterns in roots and shoots of P. acuminata, and analyzed elemental partitioning to gain insights into Ni regulation. We combined a phylogeny and foliar Ni concentrations to assess the incidence of hyperaccumulation within the genus Pycnandra. Hydroponic dosing experiments revealed that P. acuminata can resist extreme Ni concentrations in solution (up to 3,000 µM), and dosing at 100 µM Ni was beneficial to growth. All plant parts were highly enriched in Ni, but the latex had extreme Ni concentrations (124,000 µg g-1). Hyperaccumulation evolved independently in only two subgenera and five species of the genus Pycnandra. The extremely high level of Ni tolerance is posited to derive from the unique properties of laticifers. The evolutionary and ecological significance of Ni hyperaccumulation in Pycnandra is discussed in light of these findings. We suggest that Ni-rich laticifers might be more widespread in the plant kingdom and that more investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Isnard
- AMAP, Université Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- AMAP, IRD, Herbier de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Laurent L’Huillier
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC), Equipe ARBOREAL (AgricultuRe BiOdiveRsité Et vAlorisation), Paita, New Caledonia
| | - Adrian L. D. Paul
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jérôme Munzinger
- AMAP, Université Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Fogliani
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC), Equipe ARBOREAL (AgricultuRe BiOdiveRsité Et vAlorisation), Paita, New Caledonia
- Institute of Exact and Applied Sciences (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Guillaume Echevarria
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Université de Lorraine – INRAE, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Peter D. Erskine
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Vidiro Gei
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Tanguy Jaffré
- AMAP, Université Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- AMAP, IRD, Herbier de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Antony van der Ent
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Université de Lorraine – INRAE, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Naidoo C, Naidoo Y, Dewir YH. The Secretory Apparatus of Tabernaemontana ventricosa Hochst. ex A.DC. (Apocynaceae): Laticifer Identification, Characterization and Distribution. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E686. [PMID: 32481708 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to the inconsistencies in the interpretation of laticifers within the Apocynaceae, the current study aimed to distinguish, for the first time, the type and distribution of the laticifers in the embryos, seedlings and adult plants of Tabernaemontana ventricosa (Forest Toad tree). The characterization and distribution of laticifers were determined using light and electron microscopy. The findings revealed the presence of articulated anastomosing laticifers. The laticifers were found to have originated from ground meristematic and procambium cells and were randomly distributed in all ground and vascular tissue, displaying complex branching conformations. The presence of chemical constituents within the laticifers and latex determined by histochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, neutral lipids, terpenoids, mucilage, pectin, resin acids, carboxylated polysaccharides, lipophilic, and hydrophilic substances and proteins. These secondary metabolites perform an indispensable role in preventing herbivory, hindering and deterring micro-organisms and may possibly have medicinal importance. The outcomes of the present study outlined the first micromorphology, anatomy, ultrastructural and chemical analysis of the laticifers of T. ventricosa. In addition, this investigation similarly established the probable functions of latex and laticifers.
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Souza CD, Pereira RAS, Marinho CR, Kjellberg F, Teixeira SP. Diversity of fig glands is associated with nursery mutualism in fig trees. Am J Bot 2015; 102:1564-77. [PMID: 26419809 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Fig trees (Moraceae) have remarkable enclosed inflorescences called figs or syconia. The flowers are pollinated by host-specific fig wasps that enter the fig to lay their eggs. This nursery pollination system is one of the most studied of tropical mutualism interactions, but the source of the volatiles that attract fig wasps to their specific host figs has not been confirmed. The fragrance is the basis of host selection and, therefore, of reproductive isolation among sympatric Ficus species. This study locates and characterizes the glands likely to be responsible for pollinator attraction and also protection from herbivory in the figs of nine Ficus species representing all the major lineages within the genus. METHODS Figs with receptive pistillate flowers were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Tests for histolocalization of substances were employed to detect glandular activity throughout the figs. KEY RESULTS A great diversity of glands is found throughout the fig, and for the first time, the sites producing fragrances are identified. Scent glands are present on the ostiolar bracts and the outer layers of the fig receptacle. Laticifers and phenolic-producing idioblasts, epidermis, and trichomes associated with fig protection occur on the ostiolar bracts, the fig receptacle, and floral tissues. CONCLUSIONS The volatiles produced by glands on the ostiolar bracts are candidate sources for the long-distance attraction of pollinator fig wasps. Scent glands on the outer layers of the receptacle may also play a role in chemical perception of the figs or may be related to their protection. The high cost to the plants if the figs are eaten and the temperature conditions required for nursery pollination are likely the factors that led to the selection of phenolic glands and laticifers during the group's evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila D Souza
- PPG em Biologia Comparada, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto/ SP, Brazil Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n - 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto/ SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A S Pereira
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900 - 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto/ SP, Brazil
| | - Cristina R Marinho
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n - 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto/ SP, Brazil
| | - Finn Kjellberg
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS-Université de Montpellier-Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier-EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cédex 5, France
| | - Simone P Teixeira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n - 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto/ SP, Brazil
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Vitarelli NC, Riina R, Caruzo MBR, Cordeiro I, Fuertes-Aguilar J, Meira RMSA. Foliar secretory structures in Crotoneae (Euphorbiaceae): Diversity, anatomy, and evolutionary significance. Am J Bot 2015; 102:833-847. [PMID: 26101410 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Phylogenetic and morphological studies have helped clarify the systematics of large and complex groups such as the tribe Crotoneae (Euphorbiaceae). However, very little is known about the diversity, structure, and function of anatomical features in this tribe. Crotoneae comprises the species-rich pantropical genus Croton and six small neotropical genera. Here we characterized the anatomy of leaf secretory structures in members of this tribe and explored their function and evolutionary significance. METHODS Young and mature leaves of 26 species were studied using standard anatomical light microscopy techniques. Three sections of Croton and one representative of Brasiliocroton and Astraea were sampled. KEY RESULTS We identified five types of secretory structures: laticifers, colleters, extrafloral nectaries, idioblasts, and secretory trichomes. Laticifers were present in all species studied except Croton alabamensis, which instead presented secretory parenchyma cells. Articulated laticifers are reported in Crotoneae for the first time. Colleters of the standard type were observed in the majority of the sampled taxa. Extrafloral nectaries were present in section Cleodora and in B. mamoninha, but absent in section Lamprocroton and Astraea lobata. Idioblasts were spread throughout the palisade and/or spongy parenchyma in most of the studied species. Secretory trichomes were restricted to Lamprocroton except for C. imbricatus. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed a high diversity of secretory structures, including novel ones, in one of the largest clades of Euphorbiaceae. Our results are promising for investigations on the anatomical and ecophysiological bases of species diversification within Euphorbiaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricarda Riina
- Real Jardín Botánico, RJB-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, ES-28014, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Beatriz R Caruzo
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil Instituto de Botânica, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, Cx. Postal 3005 01061-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Inês Cordeiro
- Instituto de Botânica, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, Cx. Postal 3005 01061-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Dusotoit-Coucaud A, Brunel N, Kongsawadworakul P, Viboonjun U, Lacointe A, Julien JL, Chrestin H, Sakr S. Sucrose importation into laticifers of Hevea brasiliensis, in relation to ethylene stimulation of latex production. Ann Bot 2009; 104:635-47. [PMID: 19567416 PMCID: PMC2729633 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcp150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The major economic product of Hevea brasiliensis is a rubber-containing cytoplasm (latex), which flows out of laticifers (latex cells) when the bark is tapped. The latex yield is stimulated by ethylene. Sucrose, the unique precursor of rubber synthesis, must cross the plasma membrane through specific sucrose transporters before being metabolized in the laticifers. The relative importance of sucrose transporters in determining latex yield is unknown. Here, the effects of ethylene (by application of Ethrel on sucrose transporter gene expression in the inner bark tissues and latex cells of H. brasiliensis are described. METHODS Experiments, including cloning sucrose transporters, real time RT-PCR and in situ hybridization, were carried out on virgin (untapped) trees, treated or untreated with the latex yield stimulant Ethrel. KEY RESULTS Seven putative full-length cDNAs of sucrose transporters were cloned from a latex-specific cDNA library. These transporters belong to all SUT (sucrose transporter) groups and differ by their basal gene expression in latex and inner soft bark, with a predominance of HbSUT1A and HbSUT1B. Of these sucrose transporters, only HbSUT1A and HbSUT2A were distinctly increased by ethylene. Moreover, this increase was shown to be specific to laticifers and to ethylene application. CONCLUSION The data and all previous information on sucrose transport show that HbSUT1A and HbSUT2A are related to the increase in sucrose import into laticifers, required for the stimulation of latex yield by ethylene in virgin trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Dusotoit-Coucaud
- UMR 547 PIAF, INRA, Université Blaise Pascal, 24 avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Nicole Brunel
- UMR 547 PIAF, INRA, Université Blaise Pascal, 24 avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Panida Kongsawadworakul
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Unchera Viboonjun
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - André Lacointe
- UMR 547 PIAF, INRA, Université Blaise Pascal, 24 avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Louis Julien
- UMR 547 PIAF, INRA, Université Blaise Pascal, 24 avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Hervé Chrestin
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), UR 060 CLIFA/CEFE-CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, F34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Soulaïman Sakr
- UMR 547 PIAF, INRA, Université Blaise Pascal, 24 avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, Centre d'Angers, UMR SAGAH, IFR QUASAV 149, 2 rue le Nôtre, 49045 Angers Cedex, France
- For correspondence. E-mail
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