1
|
Xu J, Gad AG, Luo Y, Fan C, Uddin JBG, ul Ain N, Huang C, Zhang Y, Miao Y, Zheng X. Five OsS40 Family Members Are Identified as Senescence-Related Genes in Rice by Reverse Genetics Approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:701529. [PMID: 34539694 PMCID: PMC8446524 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.701529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A total of 16 OsS40 genes of Oryza sativa were identified in our previous work, but their functions remain unclear. In this study, 13 OsS40 members were knocked out using the CRISPR/cas9 gene-editing technology. After screening phenotype characterization of CRISPR/Cas9 mutants compared to WT, five oss40s mutants exhibited a stay-green phenotype at 30 days after heading. Moreover, increased grain size and grain weight occurred in the oss40-1, oss40-12, and oss40-14 lines, while declined grain weight appeared in the oss40-7 and oss40-13 mutants. The transcript levels of several senescence-associated genes (SAGs), chlorophyll degradation-related genes (CDGs), as well as WRKY members were differentially decreased in the five stay-green oss40s mutants compared to WT. Five oss40 mutants also exhibited a stay-green phenotype when the detached leaves were incubated under darkness for 4 days. OsSWEET4 and OsSWEET1b were significantly upregulated, while OsSWEET1a and OsSWEET13 were significantly downregulated in both oss40-7 and oss40-14 compared to WT. Furthermore, these five OsS40 displayed strong transcriptional activation activity and were located in the nucleus. Most of the OsS40 genes were downregulated in the oss40-1, oss40-7, and oss40-12 mutants, but upregulated in the oss40-13 and oss40-14 mutants, indicating coordinated regulation among OsS40 members. These results suggest that OsS40-1, OsS40-7, OsS40-12, OsS40-13, and OsS40-14 are senescence-associated genes, involved in the senescence and carbon allocation network by modulating other OsS40 members, SWEET member genes, and senescence-related gene expression.
Collapse
|
2
|
Riaz MW, Lu J, Shah L, Yang L, Chen C, Mei XD, Xue L, Manzoor MA, Abdullah M, Rehman S, Si H, Ma C. Expansion and Molecular Characterization of AP2/ERF Gene Family in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Front Genet 2021; 12:632155. [PMID: 33868370 PMCID: PMC8044323 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.632155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The AP2/ERF is a large protein family of transcription factors, playing an important role in signal transduction, plant growth, development, and response to various stresses. AP2/ERF super-family is identified and functionalized in a different plant but no comprehensive and systematic analysis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has been reported. However, a genome-wide and functional analysis was performed and identified 322 TaAP2/ERF putative genes from the wheat genome. According to the phylogenetic and structural analysis, TaAP2/ERF genes were divided into 12 subfamilies (Ia, Ib, Ic, IIa, IIb, IIc, IIIa, IIIb, IIIc, IVa, IVb, and IVc). Furthermore, conserved motifs and introns/exons analysis revealed may lead to functional divergence within clades. Cis-Acting analysis indicated that many elements were involved in stress-related and plant development. Chromosomal location showed that 320 AP2/ERF genes were distributed among 21 chromosomes and 2 genes were present in a scaffold. Interspecies microsynteny analysis revealed that maximum orthologous between Arabidopsis, rice followed by wheat. Segment duplication events have contributed to the expansion of the AP2/ERF family and made this family larger than rice and Arabidopsis. Additionally, AP2/ERF genes were differentially expressed in wheat seedlings under the stress treatments of heat, salt, and drought, and expression profiles were verified by qRT-PCR. Remarkably, the RNA-seq data exposed that AP2/ERF gene family might play a vital role in stress-related. Taken together, our findings provided useful and helpful information to understand the molecular mechanism and evolution of the AP2/ERF gene family in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waheed Riaz
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Lu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, China
| | - Liaqat Shah
- Department of Botany, Mir Chakar Khan Rind University, Sibi, Pakistan
| | - Liu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, China
| | - Can Chen
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Dong Mei
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, China
| | - Liu Xue
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, China
| | | | - Muhammad Abdullah
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shamsur Rehman
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongqi Si
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, China
| | - Chuanxi Ma
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, China.,National United Engineering Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Hefei, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
A celery transcriptional repressor AgERF8 negatively modulates abscisic acid and salt tolerance. Mol Genet Genomics 2020; 296:179-192. [PMID: 33130909 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-020-01738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ethylene response factors (ERFs) widely exist in plants and have been reported to be an important regulator of plant abiotic stress. Celery, a common economic vegetable of Apiaceae, contains lots of ERF transcription factors (TFs) with various functions. AP2/ERF TFs play positive or negative roles in plant growth and stress response. Here, AgERF8, a gene encoding EAR-type AP2/ERF TF, was identified. The AgERF8 mRNA accumulated in response to both abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and salt treatment. AgERF8 was proving to be a nucleus-located protein and could bind to GCC-box. The overexpression of AgERF8 in Arabidopsis repressed the transcription of downstream genes, AtBGL and AtBCH. Arabidopsis overexpressing AgERF8 gene showed inhibited root growth under ABA and NaCl treatments. AgERF8 transgenic lines showed low tolerance to ABA and salt stress than wild-type plants. Low increment in SOD and POD activities, increased accumulation of MDA, and significantly decreased plant fresh weights and chlorophyll levels were detected in AgERF8 hosting lines after treated with ABA and NaCl. Furthermore, the overexpression of AgERF8 also inhibited the levels of ascorbic acid and antioxidant-related genes (AtCAT1, AtSOD1, AtPOD, AtSOS1, AtAPX1, and AtP5CS1) expression in transgenic Arabidopsis. This finding indicated that AgERF8 negatively affected the resistance of transgenic Arabidopsis to ABA and salt stress through regulating downstream genes expression and relevant physiological changes. It will provide a potential sight to further understand the functions of ERF TFs in celery.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao R, Song X, Yang N, Chen L, Xiang L, Liu XQ, Zhao K. Expression of the subgroup IIIf bHLH transcription factor CpbHLH1 from Chimonanthus praecox (L.) in transgenic model plants inhibits anthocyanin accumulation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:891-907. [PMID: 32333149 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Overexpression of CpbHLH1 in Arabidopsis and tobacco resulted in a dramatic decrease in anthocyanin accumulation by repressing the expression of late biosynthesis genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Many basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) of subgroup IIIf have been characterized as anthocyanin-associated activators in higher plants, but information regarding bHLH TFs that inhibit anthocyanin accumulation remains scarce. In this study, the subgroup IIIf bHLH TF CpbHLH1 from Chimonanthus praecox (L.) was identified as a negative regulator of anthocyanin accumulation. Our results showed that overexpression of CpbHLH1 in model plant species, Arabidopsis and tobacco, resulted in a dramatic decrease in anthocyanin content, whereas the content of proanthocyanidin was little affected. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) assays of the structural genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway revealed that CpbHLH1 inhibits anthocyanin accumulation mainly through repressing the expression of late biosynthesis genes (LBGs). Interactions between CpbHLH1 protein and AtPAP1/NtAN2 protein were detected via yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays. This is the first bHLH repressor of anthocyanin biosynthesis identified in dicotyledons. These results can help us better understand the anthocyanin regulatory network in plants and may provide insights into the diverse functions of bHLH proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), MOE, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoxi Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), MOE, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture (State Forestry Administration), Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Longqing Chen
- Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture (State Forestry Administration), Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), MOE, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiu-Qun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), MOE, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kaige Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), MOE, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mortensen S, Weaver JD, Sathitloetsakun S, Cole LF, Rizvi NF, Cram EJ, Lee‐Parsons CWT. The regulation of ZCT1, a transcriptional repressor of monoterpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic genes in Catharanthus roseus. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00193. [PMID: 31909362 PMCID: PMC6937483 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cys2/His2-type (C2H2) zinc finger proteins, such as ZCT1, are an important class of transcription factors involved in growth, development, and stress responses in plants. In the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus, the zinc finger Catharanthus transcription factor (ZCT) family represses monoterpenoid indole alkaloid (MIA) biosynthetic gene expression. Here, we report the analysis of the ZCT1 promoter, which contains several hormone-responsive elements. ZCT1 is responsive to not only jasmonate, as was previously known, but is also induced by the synthetic auxin, 1-naphthalene acetic acid (1-NAA). Through promoter deletion analysis, we show that an activation sequence-1-like (as-1-like)-motif and other motifs contribute significantly to ZCT1 expression in seedlings. We also show that the activator ORCA3 does not transactivate the expression of ZCT1 in seedlings, but ZCT1 represses its own promoter, suggesting a feedback mechanism by which the expression of ZCT1 can be limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suphinya Sathitloetsakun
- Department of BiologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMAUSA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - Lauren F. Cole
- Department of BioengineeringNortheastern UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - Noreen F. Rizvi
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNortheastern UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - Erin J. Cram
- Department of BiologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - Carolyn W. T. Lee‐Parsons
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMAUSA
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNortheastern UniversityBostonMAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Z, Wang P, Luo X, Yang C, Tang Y, Wang Z, Hu G, Ge X, Xia G, Wu J. Cotton plant defence against a fungal pathogen is enhanced by expanding BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 expression beyond lateral-organ boundaries. Commun Biol 2019; 2:238. [PMID: 31263782 PMCID: PMC6588604 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the plant response to pathogen infection, many genes' expression is temporally induced, while few spatially induced expression genes have been reported. Here, we show that GhBOP1 can autonomously expand expression from restrained tissue when Gossypium hirsutum plants are attacked by Verticillium dahliae, which is considered to be spatially induced expression. Loss- and gain-of-function analyses show that GhBOP1 is a positive regulator in the modulation of plant resistance to V. dahliae. Yeast two-hybrid assays, luciferase complementation imaging and GUS reporting show that GhBOP1 interaction with GhTGA3 promotes its activation activity, regulating the expression of down-stream defence-related genes. Moreover, the induced spatial expression of GhBOP1 is accompanied by GhBP1 repression. Both antagonistically regulate the lignin biosynthesis, conferring cotton plants enhanced resistance to V. dahliae. Taken together, these results demonstrate that GhBOP1 is an economic positive regulator participating in plant defence through both the GhBOP1-GhTGA3 module and lignin accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhennan Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 455000 Anyang, Henan China
| | - Xiaoli Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
- Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural Academy of Sciences, 044000 Yuncheng, China
| | - Chunlin Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Ye Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Zhian Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
- Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural Academy of Sciences, 044000 Yuncheng, China
| | - Guang Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ge
- The State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 455000 Anyang, Henan China
| | - Guixian Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Jiahe Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cho J, Jeon H, Kim M, Vo TK, Kim J, Park E, Choi Y, Lee H, Han K, Ko J. Wood forming tissue-specific bicistronic expression of PdGA20ox1 and PtrMYB221 improves both the quality and quantity of woody biomass production in a hybrid poplar. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:1048-1057. [PMID: 30515982 PMCID: PMC6523601 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
With the exponential growth of the human population and industrial developments, research on renewable energy resources is required to alleviate environmental and economic impacts caused by the consumption of fossil fuels. In this study, we present a synthetic biological application of a wood forming tissue-specific bicistronic gene expression system to improve both the quantity and quality of woody biomass to minimize undesirable growth penalties. Our transgenic poplars, designed to express both PdGA20ox1 (a GA20-oxidase from Pinus densiflora producing bioactive gibberellin, GA) and PtrMYB221 (a MYB transcription factor negatively regulating lignin biosynthesis) under the developing xylem (DX) tissue-specific promoter (i.e., DX15::PdGA20ox1-2A-PtrMYB221 poplar), resulted in a 2-fold increase in biomass quantity compared to wild-type (WT), without undesirable growth defects. A similar phenotype was observed in transgenic Arabidopsis plants harboring the same gene constructs. These phenotypic consequences were further verified in the field experiments. Importantly, our transgenic poplars exhibited an improved quality of biomass with reduced lignin content (~16.0 wt%) but increased holocellulose content (~6.6 wt%). Furthermore, the saccharification efficiency of our transgenic poplar increased significantly by up to 8%. Our results demonstrate that the controlled production of both GA and a secondary wall modifying regulator in the same spatio-temporal manner can be utilized as an efficient biotechnological tool for producing the desired multi-purpose woody biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Seong Cho
- Department of Plant & Environmental New ResourcesKyung Hee UniversityYonginKorea
| | - Hyung‐Woo Jeon
- Department of Plant & Environmental New ResourcesKyung Hee UniversityYonginKorea
| | - Min‐Ha Kim
- Department of Plant & Environmental New ResourcesKyung Hee UniversityYonginKorea
| | - The K. Vo
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKyung Hee UniversityYonginKorea
| | - Jinsoo Kim
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKyung Hee UniversityYonginKorea
| | - Eung‐Jun Park
- Division of Forest BiotechnologyKorea Forest Research InstituteSuwonKorea
| | - Young‐Im Choi
- Division of Forest BiotechnologyKorea Forest Research InstituteSuwonKorea
| | - Hyoshin Lee
- Division of Forest BiotechnologyKorea Forest Research InstituteSuwonKorea
| | - Kyung‐Hwan Han
- Department of Horticulture and Department of ForestryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
| | - Jae‐Heung Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New ResourcesKyung Hee UniversityYonginKorea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gunaseelan K, McAtee PA, Nardozza S, Pidakala P, Wang R, David K, Burdon J, Schaffer RJ. Copy number variants in kiwifruit ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR/APETALA2 (ERF/AP2)-like genes show divergence in fruit ripening associated cold and ethylene responses in C-REPEAT/DRE BINDING FACTOR-like genes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216120. [PMID: 31083658 PMCID: PMC6513069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ETYHLENE RESPONSE FACTOR/APETALA2 (ERF/AP2) transcription factors have been shown to control a wide range of developmental and environmental responses in plants. These include hormonal responses to ethylene and Abscisic Acid (ABA) as well as to cold and drought. In Actinidia chinensis (kiwifruit), ripening is unusual: although it is sometimes classed as a climacteric fruit (ethylene-associated ripening), much of fruit ripening occurs independently from autocatalytic ethylene production. Initiation of ripening appears to be strongly developmentally controlled and modulated by low temperature. In this study, fruit treated with different temperatures showed an increase in soluble sugar accumulation, and a corresponding increase in ß-AMYLASE (BAM) genes (predominantly BAM3.2 and BAM9) with lower temperatures. To investigate the potential role of the AP2/ERF gene family in the control of fruit ripening in kiwifruit this family was investigated further. Using the new genome annotation and further genome sequence analysis we identified 226 ERF-like genes, 10 AP2L/RAV-like genes and 32 AP2-like genes. An RNA-seq screen from kiwifruit of different maturities, and following treatment with ethylene and temperatures between 0 and 16°C, revealed 4%, 26% and 18% of the ERF-like genes were upregulated by maturation, ethylene and cold temperatures, respectively. Focusing on the C-REPEAT/DRE BINDING FACTOR (CBF) cold master regulators, nine potential genes were identified based on sequence similarity. Five of these CBF-like genes were found in a copy number variant (CNV) cluster of six genes on chromosome 14. Expression analysis showed that two homeologous genes (ERF41 and ERF180) increased in abundance with cold and ethylene, while the cluster of CNV CBF-like genes had lost the ability to respond to cold and increased only with ethylene, suggesting an evolutionary progression of function of these genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter A. McAtee
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simona Nardozza
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul Pidakala
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ruiling Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karine David
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jeremy Burdon
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robert J. Schaffer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Motueka, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guo C, Saren Q, Hao J, Guan X, Niu Y, Hasi A. In silico and Expression Profile Analyses of the ERF Subfamily in Melon. RUSS J GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795419050090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
10
|
Evolution of Deeper Rooting 1-like homoeologs in wheat entails the C-terminus mutations as well as gain and loss of auxin response elements. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214145. [PMID: 30947257 PMCID: PMC6448822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Root growth angle (RGA) in response to gravity controlled by auxin is a pertinent target trait for obtainment of higher yield in cereals. But molecular basis of this root architecture trait remain obscure in wheat and barley. We selected four cultivars two each for wheat and barley to unveil the molecular genetic mechanism of Deeper Rooting 1-like gene which controls RGA in rice leading to higher yield under drought imposition. Morphological analyses revealed a deeper and vertically oriented root growth in “NARC 2009” variety of wheat than “Galaxy” and two other barley cultivars “Scarlet” and “ISR42-8”. Three new homoeologs designated as TaANDRO1-like, TaBNDRO1-like and TaDNDRO1-like corresponding to A, B and D genomes of wheat could be isolated from “NARC 2009”. Due to frameshift and intronization/exonization events the gene structures of these paralogs exhibit variations in size. DRO1-like genes with five distinct domains prevail in diverse plant phyla from mosses to angiosperms but in lower plants their differentiation from LAZY, NGR and TAC1 (root and shoot angle genes) is enigmatic. Instead of IGT as denominator motif of this family, a new C-terminus motif WxxTD in the V-domain is proposed as family specific motif. The EAR-like motif IVLEM at the C-terminus of the TaADRO1-like and TaDDRO1-like that diverged to KLHTLIPNK in TaBDRO1-like and HvDRO1-like is the hallmark of these proteins. Split-YFP and yeast two hybrid assays complemented the interaction of TaDRO1-like with TOPLESS—a repressor of auxin regulated root promoting genes in plants—through IVLEM/KLHTLIPNK motif. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed abundance of DRO1-like RNA in root tips and spikelets while transcript signals were barely detectable in shoot and leaf tissues. Interestingly, wheat exhibited stronger expression of TaBDRO1-like than barley (HvDRO1-like), but TaBDRO1-like was the least expressing among three paralogs. The underlying cause of this expression divergence seems to be the presence of AuxRE motif TGTCTC and core TGTC with a coupling AuxRE-like motif ATTTTCTT proximal to the transcriptional start site in TaBDRO1-like and HvDRO1-like promoters. This is evident from binding of ARF1 to TGTCTC and TGTC motifs of TaBDRO1-like as revealed by yeast one-hybrid assay. Thus, evolution of DRO1-like wheat homoeologs might incorporate the C-terminus mutations as well as gain and loss of AuxREs and other cis-regulatory elements during expression divergence. Since root architecture is an important target trait for wheat crop improvement, therefore DRO1-like genes have potential applications in plant breeding for enhancement of plant productivity by the use of modern genome editing approaches.
Collapse
|
11
|
Singh P, Mathew IE, Verma A, Tyagi AK, Agarwal P. Analysis of Rice Proteins with DLN Repressor Motif/S. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071600. [PMID: 30935059 PMCID: PMC6479872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation includes both activation and repression of downstream genes. In plants, a well-established class of repressors are proteins with an ERF-associated amphiphilic repression/EAR domain. They contain either DLNxxP or LxLxL as the identifying hexapeptide motif. In rice (Oryza sativa), we have identified a total of 266 DLN repressor proteins, with the former motif and its modifications thereof comprising 227 transcription factors and 39 transcriptional regulators. Apart from DLNxxP motif conservation, DLNxP and DLNxxxP motifs with variable numbers/positions of proline and those without any proline conservation have been identified. Most of the DLN repressome proteins have a single DLN motif, with higher relative percentage in the C-terminal region. We have designed a simple yeast-based experiment wherein a DLN motif can successfully cause strong repression of downstream reporter genes, when fused to a transcriptional activator of rice or yeast. The DLN hexapeptide motif is essential for repression, and at least two “DLN” residues cause maximal repression. Comparatively, rice has more DLN repressor encoding genes than Arabidopsis, and DLNSPP motif from rice is 40% stronger than the known Arabidopsis SRDX motif. The study reports a straightforward assay to analyze repressor activity, along with the identification of a strong DLN repressor from rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Iny Elizebeth Mathew
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Ankit Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Akhilesh K Tyagi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, South Campus Delhi University, New Delhi-110021, India.
| | - Pinky Agarwal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zheng T, Tan W, Yang H, Zhang L, Li T, Liu B, Zhang D, Lin H. Regulation of anthocyanin accumulation via MYB75/HAT1/TPL-mediated transcriptional repression. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007993. [PMID: 30875369 PMCID: PMC6443190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanin is part of secondary metabolites, which is induced by environmental stimuli and developmental signals, such as high light and sucrose. Anthocyanin accumulation is activated by the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) protein complex in plants. But the evidence of how plants maintain anthocyanin in response to signals is lacking. Here we perform molecular and genetic evidence to display that HAT1 plays a new breaker of anthocyanin accumulation via post-translational regulations of MBW protein complex. Loss of function of HAT1 in the Arabidopsis seedlings exhibits increased anthocyanin accumulation, whereas overexpression of HAT1 significantly repressed anthocyanin accumulation. We found that HAT1 interacted with MYB75 and thereby interfered with MBW protein complex. Overexpression of HAT1 suppresses abundant anthocyanin phenotype of pap1-D plant. HAT1 is characterized as a transcriptional repressor possessing an N-terminal EAR motif, which determines to interact with TOPLESS corepressor. Repression activity of HAT1 in regulation of gene expression and anthocyanin accumulation can be abolished by deletion or mutation of the EAR motif 1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that MYB75 formed a transcriptional repressor complex with HAT1-TPL by histone H3 deacetylation in target genes. We proposed that HAT1 restrained anthocyanin accumulation by inhibiting the activities of MBW protein complex through blocking the formation of MBW protein complex and recruiting the TPL corepressor to epigenetically modulate the anthocyanin late biosynthetic genes (LBGs). Anthocyanins, a class of flavonoids distributed ubiquitously in the plant kingdom, are induced by environmental stimuli and developmental signals, such as high light and sucrose. It is well established that anthocyanin accumulation is regulated by the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) protein complex in plants. But little is known about the regulation of MBW protein complex by other factors. Here, we show that an HD-ZIP II transcription factor HAT1 negatively regulates anthocyanin accumulation via post-translational regulation of MBW protein complex. Loss of function of HAT1 in the Arabidopsis seedlings exhibits increased anthocyanin accumulation, whereas overexpression of HAT1 significantly repressed anthocyanin accumulation. We reveal that HAT1 interacted with MYB75 and thereby sequestered MBW protein complex. Overexpression of HAT1 in pap1-D mutant suppresses abundant anthocyanin phenotype of the pap1-D mutant. HAT1 identified was as a transcriptional repressor possessing an N-terminal EAR motif, which determines the interaction with TOPLESS corepressor. The deletion or mutation of the EAR motif 1 of HAT1 partially eliminates the repression activity of HAT1 in regulation of gene expression and anthocyanin accumulation. Our results illustrate a new repressor HAT1 which helps plants fine-tune anthocyanin accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - Wenrong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - Huan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - Li’e Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - Taotao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - Baohui Liu
- School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.China
- * E-mail: (DZ); (HL)
| | - Honghui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.China
- * E-mail: (DZ); (HL)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Riester L, Köster-Hofmann S, Doll J, Berendzen KW, Zentgraf U. Impact of Alternatively Polyadenylated Isoforms of ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR4 with Activator and Repressor Function on Senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana L. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10020091. [PMID: 30696119 PMCID: PMC6409740 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaf senescence is highly regulated by transcriptional reprogramming, implying an important role for transcriptional regulators. ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR4 (ERF4) was shown to be involved in senescence regulation and to exist in two different isoforms due to alternative polyadenylation of its pre-mRNA. One of these isoforms, ERF4-R, contains an ERF-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif and acts as repressor, whereas the other form, ERF4-A, is lacking this motif and acts as activator. Here, we analyzed the impact of these isoforms on senescence. Both isoforms were able to complement the delayed senescence phenotype of the erf4 mutant with a tendency of ERF4-A for a slightly better complementation. However, overexpression led to accelerated senescence of 35S:ERF4-R plants but not of 35S:ERF4-A plants. We identified CATALASE3 (CAT3) as direct target gene of ERF4 in a yeast-one-hybrid screen. Both isoforms directly bind to the CAT3 promoter but have antagonistic effects on gene expression. The ratio of ERF4-A to ERF4-R mRNA changed during development, leading to a complex age-dependent regulation of CAT3 activity. The RNA-binding protein FPA shifted the R/A-ratio and fpa mutants are pointing towards a role of alternative polyadenylation regulators in senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Riester
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Siliya Köster-Hofmann
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Jasmin Doll
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Kenneth W Berendzen
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Zentgraf
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang L, Qiao H. New Insights in Transcriptional Regulation of the Ethylene Response in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:790. [PMID: 31275338 PMCID: PMC6591485 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
As any living organisms, plants must respond to a wide variety of environmental stimuli. Plant hormones regulate almost all aspects of plant growth and development. Among all the plant hormones, ethylene is the only gaseous plant hormone that plays pleiotropic roles in plant growth, plant development and stress responses. Transcription regulation is one main mechanism by which a cell orchestrates gene activity. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response. Here we review the progress of transcription regulation in the ethylene response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Likai Wang
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Hong Qiao
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Hong Qiao,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Backer R, Naidoo S, van den Berg N. The NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1) and Related Family: Mechanistic Insights in Plant Disease Resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:102. [PMID: 30815005 PMCID: PMC6381062 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1) and related NPR1-like proteins are a functionally similar, yet surprisingly diverse family of transcription co-factors. Initially, NPR1 in Arabidopsis was identified as a positive regulator of systemic acquired resistance (SAR), paralogs NPR3 and NPR4 were later shown to be negative SAR regulators. The mechanisms involved have been the subject of extensive research and debate over the years, during which time a lot has been uncovered. The known roles of this protein family have extended to include influences over a broad range of systems including circadian rhythm, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident proteins and the development of lateral organs. Recently, important advances have been made in understanding the regulatory relationship between members of the NPR1-like protein family, providing new insight regarding their interactions, both with each other and other defense-related proteins. Most importantly the influence of salicylic acid (SA) on these interactions has become clearer with NPR1, NPR3, and NPR4 being considered bone fide SA receptors. Additionally, post-translational modification of NPR1 has garnered attention during the past years, adding to the growing regulatory complexity of this protein. Furthermore, growing interest in NPR1 overexpressing crops has provided new insights regarding the role of NPR1 in both biotic and abiotic stresses in several plant species. Given the wealth of information, this review aims to highlight and consolidate the most relevant and influential research in the field to date. In so doing, we attempt to provide insight into the mechanisms and interactions which underly the roles of the NPR1-like proteins in plant disease responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Backer
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sanushka Naidoo
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Noëlani van den Berg
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Noëlani van den Berg,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Genome wide characterization of barley NAC transcription factors enables the identification of grain-specific transcription factors exclusive for the Poaceae family of monocotyledonous plants. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209769. [PMID: 30592743 PMCID: PMC6310276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant NAC transcription factors depict one of the largest plant transcription factor families. They regulate a wide range of different developmental processes and most probably played an important role in the evolutionary diversification of plants. This makes comparative studies of the NAC transcription factor family between individual species and genera highly relevant and such studies have in recent years been greatly facilitated by the increasing number of fully sequenced complex plant genomes. This study combines the characterization of the NAC transcription factors in the recently sequenced genome of the cereal crop barley with expression analysis and a comprehensive phylogenetic characterization of the NAC transcription factors in other monocotyledonous plant species. Our results provide evidence for the emergence of a NAC transcription factor subclade that is exclusively expressed in the grains of the Poaceae family of grasses. These notably comprise a number of cereal crops other than barley, such as wheat, rice, maize or millet, which are all cultivated for their starchy edible grains. Apparently, the grain specific subclade emerged from a well described subgroup of NAC transcription factors associated with the senescence process. A promoter exchange subsequently resulted in grain specific expression. We propose to designate this transcription factor subclade Grain-NACs and we discuss their involvement in programmed cell death as well as their potential role in the evolution of the Poaceae grain, which doubtlessly is of central importance for human nutrition.
Collapse
|
17
|
Identification, Classification, and Functional Analysis of AP2/ERF Family Genes in the Desert Moss Bryum argenteum. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113637. [PMID: 30463185 PMCID: PMC6275083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bryum argenteum is a desert moss which shows tolerance to the desert environment and is emerging as a good plant material for identification of stress-related genes. AP2/ERF transcription factor family plays important roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. AP2/ERF genes have been identified and extensively studied in many plants, while they are rarely studied in moss. In the present study, we identified 83 AP2/ERF genes based on the comprehensive dehydrationrehydration transcriptomic atlas of B. argenteum. BaAP2/ERF genes can be classified into five families, including 11 AP2s, 43 DREBs, 26 ERFs, 1 RAV, and 2 Soloists. RNA-seq data showed that 83 BaAP2/ERFs exhibited elevated transcript abundances during dehydration⁻rehydration process. We used RT-qPCR to validate the expression profiles of 12 representative BaAP2/ERFs and confirmed the expression trends using RNA-seq data. Eight out of 12 BaAP2/ERFs demonstrated transactivation activities. Seven BaAP2/ERFs enhanced salt and osmotic stress tolerances of yeast. This is the first study to provide detailed information on the identification, classification, and functional analysis of the AP2/ERFs in B. argenteum. This study will lay the foundation for the further functional analysis of these genes in plants, as well as provide greater insights into the molecular mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance of B. argenteum.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang Z, Li X. Genome-wide identification of AP2/ERF superfamily genes and their expression during fruit ripening of Chinese jujube. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15612. [PMID: 30353116 PMCID: PMC6199273 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33744-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ethylene response factor (ERF) belongs to the APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) superfamily, located at the end of the ethylene signalling pathway, and has important roles in regulating the ethylene-related response genes. Thus, identifying and charactering this transcription factor would be helpful to elucidate ethylene related fruit ripening regulation in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). In the present study, 119 AP2/ERF genes, including 5 Related to ABI3/VPs (RAV), 17 AP2s, 57 ERFs, 39 dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) factors and 1 soloist gene, were identified from the jujube genome sequences. Genome localization, gene duplication, phylogenetic relationships and conserved motifs were simultaneously analysed. Using available transcriptomic data, 85 genes with differential transcripts in the flower, leaf and fruit were detected, suggesting a broad regulation of AP2/ERF genes in the growth and development of jujube. Among them, 44 genes were expressed in the fruit. As assessed by quantitative PCR, 15 up- and 23 downregulated genes corresponding to fruit full maturity were found, while in response to 100 μl l-1 ethylene, 6 up- and 16 downregulated genes were generated. By comparing the output, ZjERF54 and DREB39 were found to be the best candidate genes that positively participated in jujube fruit ripening, while ZjERF25 and ZjERF36, which had an ERF-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif, were ripening repressors. These findings help to gain insights into AP2/ERF gene evolution and provide a useful resource to further understand the ethylene regulatory mechanisms underlying Chinese jujube fruit ripening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Research Centre for Jujube Engineering and Technology of State Forestry Administration, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingang Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. .,Research Centre for Jujube Engineering and Technology of State Forestry Administration, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cui B, Pan Q, Clarke D, Villarreal MO, Umbreen S, Yuan B, Shan W, Jiang J, Loake GJ. S-nitrosylation of the zinc finger protein SRG1 regulates plant immunity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4226. [PMID: 30315167 PMCID: PMC6185907 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06578-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) orchestrates a plethora of incongruent plant immune responses, including the reprograming of global gene expression. However, the cognate molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we show a zinc finger transcription factor (ZF-TF), SRG1, is a central target of NO bioactivity during plant immunity, where it functions as a positive regulator. NO accumulation promotes SRG1 expression and subsequently SRG1 occupies a repeated canonical sequence within target promoters. An EAR domain enables SRG1 to recruit the corepressor TOPLESS, suppressing target gene expression. Sustained NO synthesis drives SRG1 S-nitrosylation predominantly at Cys87, relieving both SRG1 DNA binding and transcriptional repression activity. Accordingly, mutation of Cys87 compromises NO-mediated control of SRG1-dependent transcriptional suppression. Thus, the SRG1-SNO formation may contribute to a negative feedback loop that attenuates the plant immune response. SRG1 Cys87 is evolutionary conserved and thus may be a target for redox regulation of ZF-TF function across phylogenetic kingdoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beimi Cui
- Jiangsu Normal University - Edinburgh University, Centre for Transformative Biotechnology of Medicinal and Food Plants, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou, P.R. China
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Qiaona Pan
- Jiangsu Normal University - Edinburgh University, Centre for Transformative Biotechnology of Medicinal and Food Plants, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou, P.R. China
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - David Clarke
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | | | - Saima Umbreen
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Bo Yuan
- Jiangsu Normal University - Edinburgh University, Centre for Transformative Biotechnology of Medicinal and Food Plants, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Weixing Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jihong Jiang
- Jiangsu Normal University - Edinburgh University, Centre for Transformative Biotechnology of Medicinal and Food Plants, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Gary J Loake
- Jiangsu Normal University - Edinburgh University, Centre for Transformative Biotechnology of Medicinal and Food Plants, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou, P.R. China.
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhu X, Zhao J, Abbas HMK, Liu Y, Cheng M, Huang J, Cheng W, Wang B, Bai C, Wang G, Dong W. Pyramiding of nine transgenes in maize generates high-level resistance against necrotrophic maize pathogens. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2018; 131:2145-2156. [PMID: 30006836 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Key message Nine transgenes from different categories, viz. plant defense response genes and anti-apoptosis genes, played combined roles in maize to inhibit the necrotrophic pathogens Rhizoctonia solani and Bipolaris maydis. Maize sheath blight and southern corn leaf blight are major global threats to maize production. The management of these necrotrophic pathogens has encountered limited success due to the characteristics of their lifestyle. Here, we presented a transgenic pyramiding breeding strategy to achieve nine different resistance genes integrated in one transgenic maize line to combat different aspects of necrotrophic pathogens. These nine genes, selected from two different categories, plant defense response genes (Chi, Glu, Ace-AMP1, Tlp, Rs-AFP2, ZmPROPEP1 and Pti4), and anti-apoptosis genes (Iap and p35), were successfully transferred into maize and further implicated in resistance against the necrotrophic pathogens Rhizoctonia solani and Bipolaris maydis. Furthermore, the transgenic maize line 910, with high expression levels of the nine integrated genes, was selected from 49 lines. Under greenhouse and field trial conditions, line 910 showed significant resistance against maize sheath blight and southern corn leaf blight diseases. Higher-level resistance was obtained after the pyramiding of more resistance transgenes from different categories that function via different mechanisms. The present study provides a successful strategy for the management of necrotrophic pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- Millet Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changzhi, 046011, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Khalid Abbas
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yunjun Liu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Street of Zhongguancun 12, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Menglan Cheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jue Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenjuan Cheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Cuiying Bai
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Street of Zhongguancun 12, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wubei Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Moreau C, Hofer JMI, Eléouët M, Sinjushin A, Ambrose M, Skøt K, Blackmore T, Swain M, Hegarty M, Balanzà V, Ferrándiz C, Ellis THN. Identification of Stipules reduced, a leaf morphology gene in pea (Pisum sativum). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:288-299. [PMID: 29974468 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum) is one of relatively few genetically amenable plant species with compound leaves. Pea leaves have a variety of specialized organs: leaflets, tendrils, pulvini and stipules, which enable the identification of mutations that transform or affect distinct parts of the leaf. Characterization of these mutations offers insights into the development and evolution of novel leaf traits. The previously characterized morphological gene Cochleata, conferring stipule identity, was known to interact with Stipules reduced (St), which conditions stipule size in pea, but the St gene remained unknown. Here we analysed Fast Neutron irradiated pea mutants by restriction site associated DNA sequencing. We identified St as a gene encoding a C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor that is regulated by Cochleata. St regulates both cell division and cell expansion in the stipule. Our approach shows how systematic genome-wide screens can be used successfully for the analysis of traits in species for which whole genome sequences are not available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie M I Hofer
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK
- Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Morgane Eléouët
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Andrey Sinjushin
- Genetics Department M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Kirsten Skøt
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Tina Blackmore
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Martin Swain
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Matthew Hegarty
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Vicente Balanzà
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Ferrándiz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - T H Noel Ellis
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cao FY, DeFalco TA, Moeder W, Li B, Gong Y, Liu XM, Taniguchi M, Lumba S, Toh S, Shan L, Ellis B, Desveaux D, Yoshioka K. Arabidopsis ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 8 (ERF8) has dual functions in ABA signaling and immunity. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:211. [PMID: 30261844 PMCID: PMC6161326 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1402-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) 8 is a member of one of the largest transcription factor families in plants, the APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) superfamily. Members of this superfamily have been implicated in a wide variety of processes such as development and environmental stress responses. RESULTS In this study we demonstrated that ERF8 is involved in both ABA and immune signaling. ERF8 overexpression induced programmed cell death (PCD) in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana. This PCD was salicylic acid (SA)-independent, suggesting that ERF8 acts downstream or independent of SA. ERF8-induced PCD was abolished by mutations within the ERF-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif, indicating ERF8 induces cell death through its transcriptional repression activity. Two immunity-related mitogen-activated protein kinases, MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 4 (MPK4) and MPK11, were identified as ERF8-interacting proteins and directly phosphorylated ERF8 in vitro. Four putative MPK phosphorylation sites were identified in ERF8, one of which (Ser103) was determined to be the predominantly phosphorylated residue in vitro, while mutation of all four putative phosphorylation sites partially suppressed ERF8-induced cell death in N. benthamiana. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis and pathogen growth assays confirmed a positive role of ERF8 in mediating immunity, as ERF8 knockdown or overexpression lines conferred compromised or enhanced resistance against the hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Together these data reveal that the ABA-inducible transcriptional repressor ERF8 has dual roles in ABA signaling and pathogen defense, and further highlight the complex influence of ABA on plant-microbe interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yi Cao
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Thomas A. DeFalco
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
- Present address: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Moeder
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Yunchen Gong
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
- Center for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (CAGEF), University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Xiao-Min Liu
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Masatoshi Taniguchi
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
- Present address: Kyoto Research Laboratories, YMC CO., LTD., 59 Yonnotsubo-cho Iwakuraminami, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-0033 Japan
| | - Shelley Lumba
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Shigeo Toh
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
- Present address: Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571 Japan
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Brian Ellis
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Darrell Desveaux
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
- Center for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (CAGEF), University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Keiko Yoshioka
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
- Center for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (CAGEF), University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lawrence SD, Novak NG. Comparative analysis of the genetic variability within the Q-type C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factors in the economically important cabbage, canola and Chinese cabbage genomes. Hereditas 2018; 155:29. [PMID: 30258345 PMCID: PMC6150991 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-018-0065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brassica oleracea, B. rapa and B. napus encompass many economically important vegetable and oil crops; such as cabbage, broccoli, canola and Chinese cabbage. The genome sequencing of these species allows for gene discovery with an eye towards discerning the natural variability available for future breeding. The Q-type C2H2 zinc-finger protein (ZFP) transcription factors contain zinc finger motifs with a conserved QALGGH as part of the motif and they may play a critical role in the plants response to stress. While they may contain from one to five ZF domains (ZFD) this work focuses on the ZFPs that contain two zinc-fingers, which bind to the promoter of genes, and negatively regulate transcription via the EAR motif. B. oleracea and rapa are diploid and evolved into distinct species about 3.7 million years ago. B. napus is polyploid and formed by fusion of the diploids about 7500 years ago. Results This work identifies a total of 146 Q-type C2H2-ZFPs with 37 in B. oleracea, 35 in B. rapa and 74 in B. napus. The level of sequence similarity and arrangement of these genes on their chromosomes have mostly remained intact in B. napus, when compared to the chromosomes inherited from either B. rapa or oleracea. In contrast, the difference between the protein sequences of the orthologs of B. rapa and oleracea is greater and their organization on the chromosomes is much more divergent. In general, the 146 proteins are highly conserved especially within the known motifs. Differences within subgroups of ZFPs were identified. Considering that B. napus has twice the number of these proteins in its genome, RNA-Seq data was mined and the expression of 68 of the 74 genes was confirmed. Conclusion Alignment of these proteins gives a snapshot of the variability that may be available naturally in Brassica species. The aim is to study how different ZFPs bind different genes or how dissimilar EAR motifs alter the negative regulation of the genes bound to the ZFP. Results from such studies could be used to enhance tolerance in future Brassica breeding programs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s41065-018-0065-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan D Lawrence
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Lab, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave., BARC-West Bldg 007, Rm 301, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Nicole G Novak
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Lab, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave., BARC-West Bldg 007, Rm 301, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jin JH, Wang M, Zhang HX, Khan A, Wei AM, Luo DX, Gong ZH. Genome-wide identification of the AP2/ERF transcription factor family in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Genome 2018; 61:663-674. [PMID: 29958096 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2018-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The AP2/ERF family is one of the largest transcription factor families in the plant kingdom. AP2/ERF genes contributing to various processes including plant growth, development, and response to various stresses have been identified. In this study, 175 putative AP2/ERF genes were identified in the latest pepper genome database and classified into AP2, RAV, ERF, and Soloist subfamilies. Their chromosomal localization, gene structure, conserved motif, cis-acting elements within the promoter region, and subcellular locations were analyzed. Transient expression of CaAP2/ERF proteins in tobacco revealed that CaAP2/ERF064, CaAP2/ERF109, and CaAP2/ERF127 were located in the nucleus, while CaAP2/ERF171 was located in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Most of the CaAP2/ERF genes contained cis-elements within their promoter regions that responded to various stresses (HSE, LTR, MBS, Box-W1/W-box, and TC-rich repeats) and phytohormones (ABRE, CGTCA-motif, and TCA-element). Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis revealed that CaAP2/ERF genes showed differential expression profiles in various tissues as well as under biotic stresses. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis of eight selected CaAP2/ERF genes also showed differential expression patterns in response to infection with Phytophthora capsici (HX-9) and in response to phytohormones (SA, MeJA, and ETH). This study will provide basic insights for further studies of the CaAP2/ERF genes involved in the interaction between pepper and P. capsici.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hao Jin
- a College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Min Wang
- a College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Huai-Xia Zhang
- a College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Abid Khan
- a College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Min Wei
- b Tianjin Vegetable Research Center, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - De-Xu Luo
- c Xuhuai Region Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Huaian, Jiangsu 223001, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Hui Gong
- a College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lyu T, Cao J. Cys₂/His₂ Zinc-Finger Proteins in Transcriptional Regulation of Flower Development. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2589. [PMID: 30200325 PMCID: PMC6164605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flower development is the core of higher-plant ontogenesis and is controlled by complex gene regulatory networks. Cys₂/His₂ zinc-finger proteins (C2H2-ZFPs) constitute one of the largest transcription factor families and are highly involved in transcriptional regulation of flowering induction, floral organ morphogenesis, and pollen and pistil maturation. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of C2H2-ZFPs has been gradually revealed only in recent years. During flowering induction, C2H2-ZFPs can modify the chromatin of FLOWERING LOCUS C, thereby providing additional insights into the quantification of transcriptional regulation caused by chromatin regulation. C2H2-ZFPs are involved in cell division and proliferation in floral organ development and are associated with hormonal regulation, thereby revealing how a flower is partitioned into four developmentally distinct whorls. The studies reviewed in this work integrate the information from the endogenous, hormonal, and environmental regulation of flower development. The structure of C2H2-ZFPs determines their function as transcriptional regulators. The findings indicate that C2H2-ZFPs play a crucial role in flower development. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the structure, expression, and function of C2H2-ZFPs and discuss their molecular mechanism in flower development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Lyu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jiashu Cao
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Madroñero J, Rodrigues SP, Antunes TFS, Abreu PMV, Ventura JA, Fernandes AAR, Fernandes PMB. Transcriptome analysis provides insights into the delayed sticky disease symptoms in Carica papaya. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:967-980. [PMID: 29564545 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Global gene expression analysis indicates host stress responses, mainly those mediated by SA, associated to the tolerance to sticky disease symptoms at pre-flowering stage in Carica papaya. Carica papaya plants develop the papaya sticky disease (PSD) as a result of the combined infection of papaya meleira virus (PMeV) and papaya meleira virus 2 (PMeV2), or PMeV complex. PSD symptoms appear only after C. papaya flowers. To understand the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon, the global gene expression patterns of PMeV complex-infected C. papaya at pre-and post-flowering stages were assessed by RNA-Seq. The result was 633 and 88 differentially expressed genes at pre- and post-flowering stages, respectively. At pre-flowering stage, genes related to stress and transport were up-regulated while metabolism-related genes were down-regulated. It was observed that induction of several salicylic acid (SA)-activated genes, including PR1, PR2, PR5, WRKY transcription factors, ROS and callose genes, suggesting SA signaling involvement in the delayed symptoms. In fact, pre-flowering C. papaya treated with exogenous SA showed a tendency to decrease the PMeV and PMeV2 loads when compared to control plants. However, pre-flowering C. papaya also accumulated transcripts encoding a NPR1-inhibitor (NPR1-I/NIM1-I) candidate, genes coding for UDP-glucosyltransferases (UGTs) and several genes involved with ethylene pathway, known to be negative regulators of SA signaling. At post-flowering, when PSD symptoms appeared, the down-regulation of PR-1 encoding gene and the induction of BSMT1 and JA metabolism-related genes were observed. Hence, SA signaling likely operates at the pre-flowering stage of PMeV complex-infected C. papaya inhibiting the development of PSD symptoms, but the induction of its negative regulators prevents the full-scale and long-lasting tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johana Madroñero
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitória, ES, 29040-090, Brazil
| | - Silas P Rodrigues
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitória, ES, 29040-090, Brazil
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa-Polo de Xerém, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tathiana F S Antunes
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitória, ES, 29040-090, Brazil
| | - Paolla M V Abreu
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitória, ES, 29040-090, Brazil
| | - José A Ventura
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitória, ES, 29040-090, Brazil
- Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - A Alberto R Fernandes
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitória, ES, 29040-090, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lawrence SD, Novak NG. The remarkable plethora of infestation-responsive Q-type C2H2 transcription factors in potato. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:398. [PMID: 29921330 PMCID: PMC6011193 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Q-type C2H2 transcription factors (TF) play crucial roles in the plant response to stress, often leading to regulation of downstream genes required for tolerance to these challenges. An infestation-responsive Q-type C2H2 TF (StZFP2) is induced by wounding and infestation in potato. While mining the Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja genome for additional members of this family of proteins, five StZFP2-like genes were found on a portion of chromosome 11. The objective of this work was to differentiate these genes in tissue specificity and expression upon infestation. RESULTS Examination of different tissues showed that young roots had the highest amounts of transcripts for five of the genes. Expression of their transcripts upon excision or infestation by Manduca sexta, showed that all six genes were induced. Overall, each gene showed variations in its response to infestation and specificity for tissue expression. The six genes encode very similar proteins but most likely play unique roles in the plant response to infestation. In contrast, only two homologs have been identified in Arabidopsis and tomato. Overexpression of similar genes has led to enhanced tolerance to, for example, salinity, drought and pathogen stress. Discovery of these new StZFP2 homologs could provide additional resources for potato breeders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan D. Lawrence
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Lab, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave., BARC-West Bldg 007, Rm 301, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Nicole G. Novak
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Lab, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave., BARC-West Bldg 007, Rm 301, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Song H, Yi H, Lee M, Han CT, Lee J, Kim H, Park JI, Nou IS, Kim SJ, Hur Y. Purple Brassica oleracea var. capitata F. rubra is due to the loss of BoMYBL2-1 expression. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:82. [PMID: 29739331 PMCID: PMC5941660 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1290-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water-soluble anthocyanin pigments are important ingredients in health-improving supplements and valuable for the food industry. Although great attention has been paid to the breeding and production of crops containing high levels of anthocyanin, genetic variation in red or purple cabbages (Brassica oleracea var. capitata F. rubra) has not yet been characterized at the molecular level. In this study, we identified the mechanism responsible for the establishment of purple color in cabbages. RESULTS BoMYBL2-1 is one of the regulatory genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in cabbages. It is a repressor whose expression is inversely correlated to anthocyanin synthesis and is not detectable in purple cabbages. Sequence analysis of purple cabbages revealed that most lacked BoMYBL2-1 coding sequences, although a few had a substitution in the region of the promoter 347 bp upstream of the gene that was associated with an absence of BoMYBL2-1 expression. Lack of transcriptional activity of the substitution-containing promoter was confirmed using transgenic Arabidopsis plants transformed with promoter::GUS fusion constructs. The finding that the defect in BoMYBL2-1 expression was solely responsible for purple coloration in cabbages was further demonstrated using genomic PCR and RT-PCR analyses of many other structural and regulatory genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Molecular markers for purple cabbages were developed and validated using 69 cabbage lines. CONCLUSION Expression of BoMYBL2-1 was inversely correlated to anthocyanin content, and purple color in cabbages resulted from a loss of BoMYBL2-1 expression, caused by either the promoter substitution or deletion of the gene. This is the first report of molecular markers that distinguish purple cabbages. Such markers will be useful for the production of intraspecific and interspecific hybrids for functional foods, and for industrial purposes requiring high anthocyanin content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayoung Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hankuil Yi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungjin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ching-Tack Han
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyeo Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejoen, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeRan Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejoen, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Ill-Sup Nou
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ju Kim
- Department of BioEnvironmental Chemistry, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonkang Hur
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ding Y, Sun T, Ao K, Peng Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhang Y. Opposite Roles of Salicylic Acid Receptors NPR1 and NPR3/NPR4 in Transcriptional Regulation of Plant Immunity. Cell 2018; 173:1454-1467.e15. [PMID: 29656896 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant defense hormone required for immunity. Arabidopsis NPR1 and NPR3/NPR4 were previously shown to bind SA and all three proteins were proposed as SA receptors. NPR1 functions as a transcriptional co-activator, whereas NPR3/NPR4 were suggested to function as E3 ligases that promote NPR1 degradation. Here we report that NPR3/NPR4 function as transcriptional co-repressors and SA inhibits their activities to promote the expression of downstream immune regulators. npr4-4D, a gain-of-function npr4 allele that renders NPR4 unable to bind SA, constitutively represses SA-induced immune responses. In contrast, the equivalent mutation in NPR1 abolishes its ability to bind SA and promote SA-induced defense gene expression. Further analysis revealed that NPR3/NPR4 and NPR1 function independently to regulate SA-induced immune responses. Our study indicates that both NPR1 and NPR3/NPR4 are bona fide SA receptors, but play opposite roles in transcriptional regulation of SA-induced defense gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Ding
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Tongjun Sun
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kevin Ao
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yujun Peng
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yaxi Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xu K, Wang L, Liu N, Xie X, Zhu Y. Characterization of a SUPERMAN-like Gene, MdSUP11, in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 125:136-142. [PMID: 29448155 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis SUPERMAN and its family members of its family play important roles in plant growth and floral organ development; yet much less is known about their functions expanding in apple tree development. Previous work has identified 12 SUP-like genes in the apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) genome, and the MdSUP11 which is expressed in both vegetative and reproductive organs of apple. However, the function of MdSUP11 remains obscure. In this study, the β-glucuronidase expression driven by the MdSUP11 native promoter was detected in roots, young leaves, and floral organs of transgenic Arabidopsis. In transgenic tobacco, overexpression of MdSUP11 lead to dwarfism, aberrant leaf shapes, and morphological changes of floral organs. Endogenous concentrations of auxin (indole-3-acetic acid), abscisic acid, isopentenyl adenosine and zeatin riboside were significantly higher in young MdSUP11-transformed tobacco plants than in non-transformed plants. Gene expression analysis using real-time quantitative PCR showed up-regulation of NtDFR2 and NtANS1 expression in unopened transgenic flowers, whereas NtCHS expression was not changed significantly. Together, these results suggest that MdSUP11 is associated with apple's vegetative and reproductive development. Its overexpression in tobacco affects leaf and flower organ development and plant height; potentially by changing NtDFR2 and NtANS1 expression and endogenous levels of indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinins and abscisic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - LiMin Wang
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Xuan Xie
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - YuanDi Zhu
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu F, Li X, Wang M, Wen J, Yi B, Shen J, Ma C, Fu T, Tu J. Interactions of WRKY15 and WRKY33 transcription factors and their roles in the resistance of oilseed rape to Sclerotinia infection. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:911-925. [PMID: 28929638 PMCID: PMC5867032 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors are known to participate in the defence responses of higher plants. However, little is known about the roles of such proteins, especially regarding their functions in the resistance of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a necrotrophic fungal pathogen that causes stem rot. In this study, we identified BnWRKY33 as a S. sclerotiorum-responsive gene that positively regulates resistance to this pathogen by enhancing the expression of genes involved in camalexin synthesis and genes regulated by salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). We also identified a S. sclerotiorum-responsive region in the promoter of BnWRKY33, which we revealed to be a relatively conserved W-box region in the promoters of homologous genes in different species. Using this S. sclerotiorum-responsive region as bait in a yeast one-hybrid assay, we identified another WRKY transcription factor, BnWRKY15, and observed that both BnWRKY15 and BnWRKY33 could bind to this region. In addition, BnWRKY15 overexpression simultaneously increased the susceptibility of B. napus to S. sclerotiorum and down-regulated BnWRKY33 after different durations of infection. Furthermore, BnWRKY15, which contains a transcriptional repression domain, exhibited reduced transactivation ability and could reduce the transactivation ability of BnWRKY33 in Arabidopsis protoplast assays. Therefore, we suggest that the increased susceptibility of BnWRKY15-overexpressing plants results from reduced BnWRKY33 expression, which is due to the inhibition of BnWRKY33 transcriptional activation by BnWRKY15.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in WuhanCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- Present address:
Department of Plant ScienceUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in WuhanCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Meirong Wang
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in WuhanCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Jing Wen
- National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in WuhanCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in WuhanCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in WuhanCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in WuhanCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in WuhanCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in WuhanCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yamamoto T, Yoshida Y, Nakajima K, Tominaga M, Gyohda A, Suzuki H, Okamoto T, Nishimura T, Yokotani N, Minami E, Nishizawa Y, Miyamoto K, Yamane H, Okada K, Koshiba T. Expression of RSOsPR10 in rice roots is antagonistically regulated by jasmonate/ethylene and salicylic acid via the activator OsERF87 and the repressor OsWRKY76, respectively. PLANT DIRECT 2018; 2:e00049. [PMID: 31245715 PMCID: PMC6508531 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots play important roles in absorbing water and nutrients, and in tolerance against environmental stresses. Previously, we identified a rice root-specific pathogenesis-related protein (RSOsPR10) induced by drought, salt, and wounding. RSOsPR10 expression is strongly induced by jasmonate (JA)/ethylene (ET), but suppressed by salicylic acid (SA). Here, we analyzed the promoter activity of RSOsPR10. Analyses of transgenic rice lines harboring different-length promoter::β-glucuronidase (GUS) constructs showed that the 3-kb promoter region is indispensable for JA/ET induction, SA repression, and root-specific expression. In the JA-treated 3K-promoter::GUS line, GUS activity was mainly observed at lateral root primordia. Transient expression in roots using a dual luciferase (LUC) assay with different-length promoter::LUC constructs demonstrated that the novel transcription factor OsERF87 induced 3K-promoter::LUC expression through binding to GCC-cis elements. In contrast, the SA-inducible OsWRKY76 transcription factor strongly repressed the JA-inducible and OsERF87-dependent expression of RSOsPR10. RSOsPR10 was expressed at lower levels in OsWRKY76-overexpressing rice, but at higher levels in OsWRKY76-knockout rice, compared with wild type. These results show that two transcription factors, OsERF87 and OsWRKY76, antagonistically regulate RSOsPR10 expression through binding to the same promoter. This mechanism represents a fine-tuning system to sense the balance between JA/ET and SA signaling in plants under environmental stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Biological SciencesTokyo Metropolitan UniversityHachioji‐shiTokyoJapan
| | - Yuri Yoshida
- Department of Biological SciencesTokyo Metropolitan UniversityHachioji‐shiTokyoJapan
- Biotechnology Research CenterThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Kazunari Nakajima
- Department of Biological SciencesTokyo Metropolitan UniversityHachioji‐shiTokyoJapan
| | - Makiko Tominaga
- Department of Biological SciencesTokyo Metropolitan UniversityHachioji‐shiTokyoJapan
| | - Atsuko Gyohda
- Department of Biological SciencesTokyo Metropolitan UniversityHachioji‐shiTokyoJapan
| | - Hiromi Suzuki
- Department of Biological SciencesTokyo Metropolitan UniversityHachioji‐shiTokyoJapan
| | - Takashi Okamoto
- Department of Biological SciencesTokyo Metropolitan UniversityHachioji‐shiTokyoJapan
| | - Takeshi Nishimura
- Institute of Agrobiological SciencesNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaIbarakiJapan
- Bioagric SciNagoya UniversityNagoyaAichiJapan
| | - Naoki Yokotani
- Institute of Agrobiological SciencesNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaIbarakiJapan
- Kazusa DNA Research InstituteKisarazuChibaJapan
| | - Eiichi Minami
- Institute of Agrobiological SciencesNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Yoko Nishizawa
- Institute of Agrobiological SciencesNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Koji Miyamoto
- Biotechnology Research CenterThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
- Department of BiosciencesTeikyo UniversityUtsunomiyaTochigiJapan
| | - Hisakazu Yamane
- Biotechnology Research CenterThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
- Department of BiosciencesTeikyo UniversityUtsunomiyaTochigiJapan
| | - Kazunori Okada
- Biotechnology Research CenterThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Tomokazu Koshiba
- Department of Biological SciencesTokyo Metropolitan UniversityHachioji‐shiTokyoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tao JJ, Wei W, Pan WJ, Lu L, Li QT, Ma JB, Zhang WK, Ma B, Chen SY, Zhang JS. An Alfin-like gene from Atriplex hortensis enhances salt and drought tolerance and abscisic acid response in transgenic Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2707. [PMID: 29426828 PMCID: PMC5807399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alfin-like (AL) is a small plant-specific gene family with prominent roles in root growth and abiotic stress response. Here, we aimed to identify novel stress tolerance AL genes from the stress-tolerant species Atriplex hortensis. Totally, we isolated four AhAL genes, all encoding nuclear-localized proteins with cis-element-binding and transrepression activities. Constitutive expression of AhAL1 in Arabidopsis facilitated plants to survive under saline condition, while expressing anyone of the other three AhAL genes led to salt-hypersensitive response, indicating functional divergence of AhAL family. AhAL1 also conferred enhanced drought tolerance, as judged from enhanced survival, improved growth, decreased malonaldehyde (MDA) content and reduced water loss in AhAL1-expressing plants compared to WT. In addition, abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated stomatal closure and inhibition of seed germination and primary root elongation were enhanced in AhAL1-transgenic plants. Further analysis demonstrated that AhAL1 could bind to promoter regions of GRF7, DREB1C and several group-A PP2C genes and repress their expression. Correspondingly, the expression levels of positive stress regulator genes DREB1A, DREB2A and three ABFs were all increased in AhAL1-expressing plants. Based on these results, AhAL1 was identified as a novel candidate gene for improving abiotic stress tolerance of crop plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Tao
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wen-Jia Pan
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Long Lu
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qing-Tian Li
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jin-Biao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wan-Ke Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Biao Ma
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shibata M, Breuer C, Kawamura A, Clark NM, Rymen B, Braidwood L, Morohashi K, Busch W, Benfey PN, Sozzani R, Sugimoto K. GTL1 and DF1 regulate root hair growth through transcriptional repression of ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6-LIKE 4 in Arabidopsis. Development 2018; 145:145/3/dev159707. [PMID: 29439132 PMCID: PMC5818008 DOI: 10.1242/dev.159707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
How plants determine the final size of growing cells is an important, yet unresolved, issue. Root hairs provide an excellent model system with which to study this as their final cell size is remarkably constant under constant environmental conditions. Previous studies have demonstrated that a basic helix-loop helix transcription factor ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6-LIKE 4 (RSL4) promotes root hair growth, but how hair growth is terminated is not known. In this study, we demonstrate that a trihelix transcription factor GT-2-LIKE1 (GTL1) and its homolog DF1 repress root hair growth in Arabidopsis. Our transcriptional data, combined with genome-wide chromatin-binding data, show that GTL1 and DF1 directly bind the RSL4 promoter and regulate its expression to repress root hair growth. Our data further show that GTL1 and RSL4 regulate each other, as well as a set of common downstream genes, many of which have previously been implicated in root hair growth. This study therefore uncovers a core regulatory module that fine-tunes the extent of root hair growth by the orchestrated actions of opposing transcription factors. Summary:Arabidopsis gtl1 df1 double mutants and tissue-specific overexpression of GTL1 and DF1 demonstrate that both GTL1 and DF1 negatively regulate root hair growth by directly repressing RSL4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michitaro Shibata
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Christian Breuer
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ayako Kawamura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Natalie M Clark
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27708, USA.,Biomathematics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Bart Rymen
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Luke Braidwood
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kengo Morohashi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Wolfgang Busch
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philip N Benfey
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27695, USA
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27708, USA.,Biomathematics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Struk S, Braem L, Walton A, De Keyser A, Boyer FD, Persiau G, De Jaeger G, Gevaert K, Goormachtig S. Quantitative Tandem Affinity Purification, an Effective Tool to Investigate Protein Complex Composition in Plant Hormone Signaling: Strigolactones in the Spotlight. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:528. [PMID: 29755490 PMCID: PMC5932160 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones tightly regulate plant growth by integrating changing environmental and developmental cues. Although the key players have been identified in many plant hormonal pathways, the molecular mechanisms and mode of action of perception and signaling remain incompletely resolved. Characterization of protein partners of known signaling components provides insight into the formed protein complexes, but, unless quantification is involved, does not deliver much, if any, information about the dynamics of the induced or disrupted protein complexes. Therefore, in proteomics research, the discovery of what actually triggers, regulates or interrupts the composition of protein complexes is gaining importance. Here, tandem affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry (TAP-MS) is combined with label-free quantification (LFQ) to a highly valuable tool to detect physiologically relevant, dynamic protein-protein interactions in Arabidopsis thaliana cell cultures. To demonstrate its potential, we focus on the signaling pathway of one of the most recently discovered phytohormones, strigolactones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Struk
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lukas Braem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alan Walton
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annick De Keyser
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- UMR 1318, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique – Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles – UPR 2301, Centre de Recherche de Gif, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Geert Persiau
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Sofie Goormachtig,
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shi P, Fu X, Shen Q, Liu M, Pan Q, Tang Y, Jiang W, Lv Z, Yan T, Ma Y, Chen M, Hao X, Liu P, Li L, Sun X, Tang K. The roles of AaMIXTA1 in regulating the initiation of glandular trichomes and cuticle biosynthesis in Artemisia annua. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:261-276. [PMID: 28940606 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The glandular secretory trichomes (GSTs) on Artemisia annua leaves have the capacity to secrete and store artemisinin, a compound which is the most effective treatment for uncomplicated malaria. An effective strategy to improve artemisinin content is therefore to increase the density of GSTs in A. annua. However, the formation mechanism of GSTs remains poorly understood. To explore the mechanisms of GST initiation in A. annua, we screened myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factor genes from a GST transcriptome database and identified a MIXTA transcription factor, AaMIXTA1, which is expressed predominantly in the basal cells of GST in A. annua. Overexpression and repression of AaMIXTA1 resulted in an increase and decrease, respectively, in the number of GSTs as well as the artemisinin content in transgenic plants. Transcriptome analysis and cuticular lipid profiling showed that AaMIXTA1 is likely to be responsible for activating cuticle biosynthesis. In addition, dual-luciferase reporter assays further demonstrated that AaMIXTA1 could directly activate the expression of genes related to cuticle biosynthesis. Taken together, AaMIXTA1 regulated cuticle biosynthesis and prompted GST initiation without any abnormal impact on the morphological structure of the GSTs and so provides a new way to improve artemisinin content in this important medicinal plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xueqing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qifang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yueli Tang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Weimin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zongyou Lv
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tingxiang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yanan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Minghui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaolong Hao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Pin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaofen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kexuan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sasaki K. Utilization of transcription factors for controlling floral morphogenesis in horticultural plants. BREEDING SCIENCE 2018; 68:88-98. [PMID: 29681751 PMCID: PMC5903982 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.17114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors play important roles not only in the development of floral organs but also in the formation of floral characteristics in various plant species. Therefore, transcription factors are reasonable targets for modifying these floral traits and generating new flower cultivars. However, it has been difficult to control the functions of transcription factors because most plant genes, including those encoding transcription factors, exhibit redundancy. In particular, it has been difficult to understand the functions of these redundant genes by genetic analysis. Thus, a breakthrough silencing method called chimeric repressor gene silencing technology (CRES-T) was developed specifically for plant transcription factors. This method transforms transcriptional activators into dominant repressors, and the artificial chimeric repressors suppress the function of transcription factors regardless of their redundancy. Among these chimeric repressors, some were found to be inappropriate for expression throughout the plant body because they resulted in deformities. For these chimeric repressors, utilization of floral organ-specific promoters overcomes this problem by avoiding expression throughout the plant body. In contrast, attachment of viral activation domain VP16 to transcriptional repressors effectively alters into transcriptional activators. This review presents the importance of transcription factors for characterizing floral traits, describes techniques for controlling the functions of transcription factors.
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhou X, Guo Y, Zhao P, Sun MX. Comparative Analysis of WUSCHEL-Related Homeobox Genes Revealed Their Parent-of-Origin and Cell Type-Specific Expression Pattern During Early Embryogenesis in Tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:311. [PMID: 29662495 PMCID: PMC5890105 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) gene is a plant-specific clade of homeobox transcription factors. Increasing evidences reveal that WOXs play critical roles in early embryogenesis, which involves zygote development, initiation of zygote division, and apical or basal cell lineage establishment. However, how WOXs regulate these developmental events remains largely unknown, and even detailed expression pattern in gametes and early proembryos is not yet available. Here, 13 WOX family genes were identified in Nicotiana tabacum genome. Comparative analysis of 13 WOX family genes with their homologs in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals relatively conserved expression pattern of WUS and WOX5 in shoot/root apical meristem. Whereas variations were also found, e.g., lacking homolog of WOX8 (a marker for suspensor cell) in tobacco genome and the expression of WOX2/WOX9 in both apical cell and basal cell. Transient transcriptional activity analysis revealed that WOXs in WUS clade have repressive activities for their target's transcription, whereas WOXs in ancient and intermediate clade have activation activities, giving a molecular basis for the phylogenetic classification of tobacco WOXs into three major clades. Expression pattern analysis revealed that some WOXs (e.g., WOX 13a) expressed in both male and female gametes and some WOXs (e.g., WOX 11 and WOX 13b) displayed the characteristics of parent-of-origin genes. Interestingly, some WOXs (e.g., WOX2 and WOX9), which are essential for early embryo patterning, were de novo transcribed in zygote, indicating relevant mechanism for embryo pattern formation is only established in zygote right after fertilization and not carried in by gametes. We also found that most WOXs displayed a stage-specific and cell type-specific expression pattern. Taken together, this work provides a detailed landscape of WOXs in tobacco during fertilization and early embryogenesis, which will facilitate the understanding of their specific roles in these critical developmental processes of embryogenesis.
Collapse
|
39
|
Kulkarni M, Soolanayakanahally R, Ogawa S, Uga Y, Selvaraj MG, Kagale S. Drought Response in Wheat: Key Genes and Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Root System Architecture and Transpiration Efficiency. Front Chem 2017; 5:106. [PMID: 29259968 PMCID: PMC5723305 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses such as, drought, heat, salinity, and flooding threaten global food security. Crop genetic improvement with increased resilience to abiotic stresses is a critical component of crop breeding strategies. Wheat is an important cereal crop and a staple food source globally. Enhanced drought tolerance in wheat is critical for sustainable food production and global food security. Recent advances in drought tolerance research have uncovered many key genes and transcription regulators governing morpho-physiological traits. Genes controlling root architecture and stomatal development play an important role in soil moisture extraction and its retention, and therefore have been targets of molecular breeding strategies for improving drought tolerance. In this systematic review, we have summarized evidence of beneficial contributions of root and stomatal traits to plant adaptation to drought stress. Specifically, we discuss a few key genes such as, DRO1 in rice and ERECTA in Arabidopsis and rice that were identified to be the enhancers of drought tolerance via regulation of root traits and transpiration efficiency. Additionally, we highlight several transcription factor families, such as, ERF (ethylene response factors), DREB (dehydration responsive element binding), ZFP (zinc finger proteins), WRKY, and MYB that were identified to be both positive and negative regulators of drought responses in wheat, rice, maize, and/or Arabidopsis. The overall aim of this review is to provide an overview of candidate genes that have been identified as regulators of drought response in plants. The lack of a reference genome sequence for wheat and non-transgenic approaches for manipulation of gene functions in wheat in the past had impeded high-resolution interrogation of functional elements, including genes and QTLs, and their application in cultivar improvement. The recent developments in wheat genomics and reverse genetics, including the availability of a gold-standard reference genome sequence and advent of genome editing technologies, are expected to aid in deciphering of the functional roles of genes and regulatory networks underlying adaptive phenological traits, and utilizing the outcomes of such studies in developing drought tolerant cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kulkarni
- Canadian Wheat Improvement Flagship Program, National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC), Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Raju Soolanayakanahally
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Satoshi Ogawa
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusaku Uga
- Institute of Crop Science (NICS), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Michael G. Selvaraj
- Agrobioversity Research Area, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Sateesh Kagale
- Canadian Wheat Improvement Flagship Program, National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC), Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sun H, Chen L, Li J, Hu M, Ullah A, He X, Yang X, Zhang X. The JASMONATE ZIM-Domain Gene Family Mediates JA Signaling and Stress Response in Cotton. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:2139-2154. [PMID: 29036515 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
JASMONATE ZIM-domain (JAZ) family proteins are involved in regulating diverse biological processes in plants. However, their functions have not been well characterized in cotton (Gossypium spp.). In the present study, 13, 15, 25 and 30 JAZ genes were identified in Gossypium arboretum, Gossypium raimondii, Gossypium barbadense and Gossypium hirsutum, respectively, based on gene homology. Selection and variation analyses showed that the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) density of GhJAZ genes in wild species was much higher than that in domesticated species. Expression pattern analysis showed that all the GhJAZ genes are expressed in at least one tissue and respond to one or more stress factors, as well as being induced by some phytohormones. The co-expression network indicated that GhJAZ genes might mediate multiple stress response pathways. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) experiments showed extensive interactions among GhJAZ proteins, including homo- and heteromeric interactions. Overexpressing one member of the JAZ gene family, GhJAZ2 (Gh_D06G0810), significantly enhanced sensitivity to salt stress in transgenic cotton. Transcriptome analysis indicated that GhJAZ2 regulates stress responses possibly by participating in α-linolenic acid metabolism and jasmonate signaling, and is involved in the repression of GhMYC2 regulated by GhJAZ2. Our data provide important clues for further elucidating the functions of JAZ genes in cotton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Lin Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Jianying Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Meiling Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Abid Ullah
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Xin He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Xiyan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tian H, Chen S, Yang W, Wang T, Zheng K, Wang Y, Cheng Y, Zhang N, Liu S, Li D, Liu B, Wang S. A novel family of transcription factors conserved in angiosperms is required for ABA signalling. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2958-2971. [PMID: 28857190 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in regulating plant responses to environmental stresses. Interplay of several different proteins including the PYR/PYL/RCAR receptors, A-group PP2C protein phosphatases, SnRK2 protein kinases, and downstream transcription factors regulates ABA signalling. We report here the identification of a family of ABA-induced transcription repressors (AITRs) that act as feedback regulators in ABA signalling. We found that the expression of all the 6 Arabidopsis AITR genes was induced by exogenously ABA, and their expression levels were decreased in ABA biosynthesis mutant aba1-5. BLAST searches showed that AITRs are exclusively present in angiosperms. When recruited to the promoter region of a reporter gene by a fused DNA binding domain, all AITRs inhibited reporter gene expression in transfected protoplasts. In Arabidopsis, aitr mutants showed reduced sensitivity to ABA and to stresses such as salt and drought. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the ABA-induced response of PP2C and some PYR/PYL/RCAR genes was reduced in AITR5 transgenic plants but increased in an aitr2 aitr5 aitr6 triple mutant. These results provide important new insights into the regulation of ABA signalling in plants, and such information may lead to the production of plants with enhanced resistance to environmental stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hainan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Wenting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Tianya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Kaijie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Yuxin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Shanda Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Dongqiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Shucai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bai X, Huang Y, Hu Y, Liu H, Zhang B, Smaczniak C, Hu G, Han Z, Xing Y. Duplication of an upstream silencer of FZP increases grain yield in rice. NATURE PLANTS 2017; 3:885-893. [PMID: 29085070 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-017-0042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional silencer and copy number variants (CNVs) are associated with gene expression. However, their roles in generating phenotypes have not been well studied. Here we identified a rice quantitative trait locus, SGDP7 (Small Grain and Dense Panicle 7). SGDP7 is identical to FZP (FRIZZY PANICLE), which represses the formation of axillary meristems. The causal mutation of SGDP7 is an 18-bp fragment, named CNV-18bp, which was inserted ~5.3 kb upstream of FZP and resulted in a tandem duplication in the cultivar Chuan 7. The CNV-18bp duplication repressed FZP expression, prolonged the panicle branching period and increased grain yield by more than 15% through substantially increasing the number of spikelets per panicle (SPP) and slightly decreasing the 1,000-grain weight (TGW). The transcription repressor OsBZR1 binds the CGTG motifs in CNV-18bp and thereby represses FZP expression, indicating that CNV-18bp is the upstream silencer of FZP. These findings showed that the silencer CNVs coordinate a trade-off between SPP and TGW by fine-tuning FZP expression, and balancing the trade-off could enhance yield potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Bai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434100, China
| | - Yong Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yong Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Cezary Smaczniak
- Plant Cell and Molecular Biology Institute for Biology Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, 10115, Germany
| | - Gang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhongmin Han
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yongzhong Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Liu A, Cheng C. Pathogen-induced ERF68 regulates hypersensitive cell death in tomato. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2017; 18:1062-1074. [PMID: 27415633 PMCID: PMC6638261 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene response factors (ERFs) are a large plant-specific transcription factor family and play diverse important roles in various plant functions. However, most tomato ERFs have not been characterized. In this study, we showed that the expression of an uncharacterized member of the tomato ERF-IX subgroup, ERF68, was significantly induced by treatments with different bacterial pathogens, ethylene (ET) and salicylic acid (SA), but only slightly induced by bacterial mutants defective in the type III secretion system (T3SS) or non-host pathogens. The ERF68-green fluorescent protein (ERF68-GFP) fusion protein was localized in the nucleus. Transactivation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) further showed that ERF68 was a functional transcriptional activator and was bound to the GCC-box. Moreover, transient overexpression of ERF68 led to spontaneous lesions in tomato and tobacco leaves and enhanced the expression of genes involved in ET, SA, jasmonic acid (JA) and hypersensitive response (HR) pathways, whereas silencing of ERF68 increased tomato susceptibility to two incompatible Xanthomonas spp. These results reveal the involvement of ERF68 in the effector-triggered immunity (ETI) pathway. To identify ERF68 target genes, chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) was performed. Amongst the confirmed target genes, a few genes involved in cell death or disease defence were differentially regulated by ERF68. Our study demonstrates the function of ERF68 in the positive regulation of hypersensitive cell death and disease defence by modulation of multiple signalling pathways, and provides important new information on the complex regulatory function of ERFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An‐Chi Liu
- Graduate Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Chiu‐Ping Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, College of Life ScienceNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Colle M, Weng Y, Kang Y, Ophir R, Sherman A, Grumet R. Variation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) fruit size and shape results from multiple components acting pre-anthesis and post-pollination. PLANTA 2017. [PMID: 28623561 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Morphological, QTL, and gene expression analyses indicate variation in cucumber fruit size and shape results from orientation, timing, and extent of cell division and expansion, and suggest candidate gene factors. Variation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) fruit size and shape is highly quantitative, implicating interplay of multiple components. Recent studies have identified numerous fruit size and shape quantitative trait loci (QTL); however, underlying factors remain to be determined. We examined ovary and fruit development of two sequenced cucumber genotypes with extreme differences in fruit size and shape, Chinese Long '9930' (CL9930), and pickling type 'Gy14'. Differences were observed in several independent factors that can influence size and shape: ovule number, rate and period of cell division in longitudinal and cross section in ovaries and fruit, timing and rate of fruit expansion in length and diameter, and cell shape. Level and timing of expression of select fruit growth stage marker genes and candidate fruit size gene homologs associated with cucumber fruit size and shape QTL were examined from 5-day pre-anthesis to 20-day post-pollination. Our results indicate that variation in fruit size and shape results from differences in cell number and shape in longitudinal and cross section, driven in turn by differences in orientation, timing, and duration of cell division and expansion, both pre- and post-anthesis, and suggest candidate genes contributing to determination of cucumber fruit size and shape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marivi Colle
- Graduate Program in Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant and Soil Science Building, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Yiqun Weng
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- USDA-ARS Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Yunyan Kang
- Graduate Program in Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant and Soil Science Building, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ron Ophir
- Department of Fruit Trees Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Amir Sherman
- Department of Fruit Trees Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Rebecca Grumet
- Graduate Program in Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant and Soil Science Building, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Jung H, Chung PJ, Park S, Redillas MCFR, Kim YS, Suh J, Kim J. Overexpression of OsERF48 causes regulation of OsCML16, a calmodulin-like protein gene that enhances root growth and drought tolerance. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:1295-1308. [PMID: 28244201 PMCID: PMC5595718 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The AP2/ERF family is a plant-specific transcription factor family whose members have been associated with various developmental processes and stress tolerance. Here, we functionally characterized the drought-inducible OsERF48, a group Ib member of the rice ERF family with four conserved motifs, CMI-1, -2, -3 and -4. A transactivation assay in yeast revealed that the C-terminal CMI-1 motif was essential for OsERF48 transcriptional activity. When OsERF48 was overexpressed in an either a root-specific (ROXOsERF48 ) or whole-body (OXOsERF48 ) manner, transgenic plants showed a longer and denser root phenotype compared to the nontransgenic (NT) controls. When plants were grown on a 40% polyethylene glycol-infused medium under in vitro drought conditions, ROXOsERF48 plants showed a more vigorous root growth than OXOsERF48 and NT plants. In addition, the ROXOsERF48 plants exhibited higher grain yield than OXOsERF48 and NT plants under field-drought conditions. We constructed a putative OsERF48 regulatory network by cross-referencing ROXOsERF48 root-specific RNA-seq data with a co-expression network database, from which we inferred the involvement of 20 drought-related genes in OsERF48-mediated responses. These included genes annotated as being involved in stress signalling, carbohydrate metabolism, cell-wall proteins and drought responses. They included, OsCML16, a key gene in calcium signalling during abiotic stress, which was shown to be a direct target of OsERF48 by chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR analysis and a transient protoplast expression assay. Our results demonstrated that OsERF48 regulates OsCML16, a calmodulin-like protein gene that enhances root growth and drought tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harin Jung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical MaterialsDivision of Bioscience and BioinformaticsMyongji UniversityYonginGyeonggiKorea
| | - Pil Joong Chung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Su‐Hyun Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
- Present address:
Laboratory of Plant Molecular BiologyRockefeller UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Mark Christian Felipe Reveche Redillas
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Youn Shic Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Joo‐Won Suh
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical MaterialsDivision of Bioscience and BioinformaticsMyongji UniversityYonginGyeonggiKorea
| | - Ju‐Kon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Guan C, Wu B, Yu T, Wang Q, Krogan NT, Liu X, Jiao Y. Spatial Auxin Signaling Controls Leaf Flattening in Arabidopsis. Curr Biol 2017; 27:2940-2950.e4. [PMID: 28943086 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The flattening of leaves to form broad blades is an important adaptation that maximizes photosynthesis. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this process remains unclear. The WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) genes WOX1 and PRS are expressed in the leaf marginal domain to enable leaf flattening, but the nature of WOX expression establishment remains elusive. Here, we report that adaxial-expressed MONOPTEROS (MP) and abaxial-enriched auxin together act as positional cues for patterning the WOX domain. MP directly binds to the WOX1 and PRS promoters and activates their expression. Furthermore, redundant abaxial-enriched ARF repressors suppress WOX1 and PRS expression, also through direct binding. In particular, we show that ARF2 is redundantly required with ARF3 and ARF4 to maintain the abaxial identity. Taken together, these findings explain how adaxial-abaxial polarity patterns the mediolateral axis and subsequent lateral expansion of leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Binbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100101, China; College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Naden T Krogan
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Xigang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Yuling Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Owji H, Hajiebrahimi A, Seradj H, Hemmati S. Identification and functional prediction of stress responsive AP2/ERF transcription factors in Brassica napus by genome-wide analysis. Comput Biol Chem 2017; 71:32-56. [PMID: 28961511 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Using homology and domain authentication, 321 putative AP2/ERF transcription factors were identified in Brassica napus, called BnAP2/ERF TFs. BnAP2/ERF TFs were classified into five major subfamilies, including DREB, ERF, AP2, RAV, and BnSoloist. This classification is based on phylogenetic analysis, motif identification, gene structure analysis, and physiochemical characterization. These TFs were annotated based on phylogenetic relationship with Brassica rapa. BnAP2/ERF TFs were located on 19 chromosomes of B. napus. Orthologs and paralogs were identified using synteny-based methods Ks calculation within B. napus genome and between B. napus with other species such as B. rapa, Brassica oleracea, and Arabidopsis thaliana indicated that BnAP2/ERF TFs were formed through duplication events occurred before B. napus formation. Kn/Ks values were between 0 and 1, suggesting the purifying selection among BnAP2/ERF TFs. Gene ontology annotation, cis-regulatory elements and functional interaction networks suggested that BnAP2/ERF TFs participate in response to stressors, including drought, high salinity, heat and cold as well as developmental processes particularly organ specification and embryogenesis. The identified cis-regulatory elements in the upstream of BnAP2/ERF TFs were responsive to abscisic acid. Analysis of the expression data derived from Illumina Hiseq 2000 RNA sequencing revealed that BnAP2/ERF genes were highly expressed in the roots comparing to flower buds, leaves, and stems. Also, the ERF subfamily was over-expressed under salt and fungal treatments. BnERF039 and BnERF245 are candidates for salt-tolerant B. napus. BnERF253-256 and BnERF260-277 are potential cytokinin response factors. BnERF227, BnERF228, BnERF234, BnERF134, BnERF132, BnERF176, and BnERF235 were suggested for resistance against Leptosphaeria maculan and Leptosphaeria biglobosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Owji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Hajiebrahimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Seradj
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shiva Hemmati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sayama T, Tanabata T, Saruta M, Yamada T, Anai T, Kaga A, Ishimoto M. Confirmation of the pleiotropic control of leaflet shape and number of seeds per pod by the Ln gene in induced soybean mutants. BREEDING SCIENCE 2017; 67:363-369. [PMID: 29085246 PMCID: PMC5654458 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.16201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Most soybean cultivars possess broad leaflets; however, a recessive allele on the Ln locus is known to cause the alteration of broad to narrow leaflets. The recessive allele ln has also been considered to increase the number of seeds per pod (NSP) and has the potential to improve yield. Recently, Gm-JAG1 (Glyma20g25000), a gene controlling Ln, has been shown to complement leaf shape and silique length in Arabidopsis mutants. However, whether Gm-JAG1 is responsible for those traits in soybean is not yet known. In this study, we investigated the pleiotropic effect of soybean Ln gene on leaflet shape and NSP by using two independent soybean Gm-jag1 mutants and four ln near isogenic lines (NILs). The leaflet shape was evaluated using a leaf image analysis software, SmartLeaf, which was customized from SmartGrain. The leaflets of both the Gm-jag1 mutants were longer and narrower than those of the wild-type plants. Interestingly, the image analysis results clarified that the perimeter of the mutant leaflets did not change, although their leaflet area decreased. Furthermore, one mutant line with narrow leaflets showed significantly higher NSP than that in the wild (or Ln) genotype, indicating that soybean Ln gene pleiotropically controls leaflet shape and NSP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sayama
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO),
2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518,
Japan
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO,
1-3-1 Senyu, Zentsuji, Kagawa 765-8508,
Japan
| | - Takanari Tanabata
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute,
2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818,
Japan
| | - Masayasu Saruta
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO,
1-3-1 Senyu, Zentsuji, Kagawa 765-8508,
Japan
- Present address: Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Council, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries,
1-2-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda, Tokyo 100-8950,
Japan
| | - Testsuya Yamada
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO),
2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518,
Japan
| | - Toyoaki Anai
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University,
Honjyo-machi 1, Saga 840-8502,
Japan
| | - Akito Kaga
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO),
2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518,
Japan
| | - Masao Ishimoto
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO),
2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518,
Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ding K, Pei T, Bai Z, Jia Y, Ma P, Liang Z. SmMYB36, a Novel R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor, Enhances Tanshinone Accumulation and Decreases Phenolic Acid Content in Salvia miltiorrhiza Hairy Roots. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5104. [PMID: 28698552 PMCID: PMC5506036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04909-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic acids and tanshinones are two major bioactive components in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. A novel endogenous R2R3-MYB transcription factor, SmMYB36, was identified in this research. This transcript factor can simultaneously influence the content of two types of components in SmMYB36 overexpression hairy roots. SmMYB36 was mainly localized in the nucleus of onion epidermis and it has transactivation activity. The overexpression of SmMYB36 promoted tanshinone accumulation but inhibited phenolic acid and flavonoid biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. The altered metabolite content was due to changed metabolic flow which was regulated by transcript expression of metabolic pathway genes. The gene transcription levels of the phenylpropanoid general pathway, tyrosine derived pathway, methylerythritol phosphate pathway and downstream tanshinone biosynthetic pathway changed significantly due to the overexpression of SmMYB36. The wide distribution of MYB binding elements (MBS, MRE, MBSI and MBSII) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay results indicated that SmMYB36 may be an effective tool to regulate metabolic flux shifts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianlin Pei
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhengqing Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengda Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Xu C, Park SJ, Van Eck J, Lippman ZB. Control of inflorescence architecture in tomato by BTB/POZ transcriptional regulators. Genes Dev 2017; 30:2048-2061. [PMID: 27798848 PMCID: PMC5066612 DOI: 10.1101/gad.288415.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In tomatoes, formation of multiflowered inflorescences depends on a precisely timed process of meristem maturation mediated by the transcription factor gene TERMINATING FLOWER (TMF). Xu et al. show that TMF protein acts together with homologs of the Arabidopsis BLADE-ON-PETIOLE (BOP) transcriptional cofactors, defined by the conserved BTB/POZ domain. Plant productivity depends on inflorescences, flower-bearing shoots that originate from the stem cell populations of shoot meristems. Inflorescence architecture determines flower production, which can vary dramatically both between and within species. In tomato plants, formation of multiflowered inflorescences depends on a precisely timed process of meristem maturation mediated by the transcription factor gene TERMINATING FLOWER (TMF), but the underlying mechanism is unknown. We show that TMF protein acts together with homologs of the Arabidopsis BLADE-ON-PETIOLE (BOP) transcriptional cofactors, defined by the conserved BTB (Broad complex, Tramtrack, and Bric-a-brac)/POZ (POX virus and zinc finger) domain. TMF and three tomato BOPs (SlBOPs) interact with themselves and each other, and TMF recruits SlBOPs to the nucleus, suggesting formation of a transcriptional complex. Like TMF, SlBOP gene expression is highest during vegetative and transitional stages of meristem maturation, and CRISPR/Cas9 elimination of SlBOP function causes pleiotropic defects, most notably simplification of inflorescences into single flowers, resembling tmf mutants. Flowering defects are enhanced in higher-order slbop tmf mutants, suggesting that SlBOPs function with additional factors. In support of this, SlBOPs interact with TMF homologs, mutations in which cause phenotypes like slbop mutants. Our findings reveal a new flowering module defined by SlBOP–TMF family interactions that ensures a progressive meristem maturation to promote inflorescence complexity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cao Xu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | - Soon Ju Park
- Division of Biological Sciences and Research Institute for Basic Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Joyce Van Eck
- The Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Zachary B Lippman
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| |
Collapse
|